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            <citation>
                <titlStmt>
                    <titl>Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 1997: [United States]</titl>
                    <IDNo>2834</IDNo>
                </titlStmt>
                <prodStmt>
                    <producer abbr="ICPSR">
                        <ExtLink URI="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/images/icpsr-logo.gif" title="ICPSR Logo" role="image"/>
                        Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
                        <ExtLink URI="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/" title="URL of ICPSR Web Site" />
                    </producer>
                </prodStmt>
                <verStmt>
                    <version date="2014-08-13"></version>
                </verStmt>
                <holdings URI="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/xmldocs/STUDY/02834.xml"></holdings>
            </citation>
        </docDscr>
        <stdyDscr>
            <citation>
                <titlStmt>
                    <titl>Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 1997: [United States]</titl>
                    <altTitl>DAWN, 1997</altTitl>
                    <IDNo agency="ICPSR">2834</IDNo>
                </titlStmt>
                <rspStmt>
                    <AuthEnty affiliation="United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies">United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies</AuthEnty>
                </rspStmt>
                <prodStmt>
                    <prodDate>Please see full citation.</prodDate>
                    <fundAg>United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies</fundAg>
                </prodStmt>
                <distStmt>
                    <distrbtr abbr="ICPSR" affiliation="Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan" URI="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu">
                        <ExtLink URI="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/images/icpsr-logo.gif" title="Logo" />
                        Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
                        <ExtLink URI="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/" title="URL" />
                    </distrbtr>
                    <distDate date="1999-11-19">1999-11-19</distDate>
                </distStmt>
                <verStmt>
                    <version date="2014-08-13">2014-08-13</version>
                </verStmt>
                <verStmt>
                    <version date="2014-08-13">2014-08-13</version>
                    <notes>Edited question text in ddi.xml file.</notes>
                </verStmt>
                <verStmt>
                    <version date="2008-03-04">2008-03-04</version>
                    <notes>New files were added. These files
included one or more of the following: Stata setup, SAS transport
(CPORT), SPSS system, Stata system, SAS supplemental syntax, and Stata
supplemental syntax files, and tab-delimited ASCII data file.</notes>
                </verStmt>
                <biblCit>United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies. Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 1997: [United States]. ICPSR02834-v2. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2008-03-04. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02834.v2</biblCit>
                <notes>LRECL with SAS, SPSS, and Stata setup files, SAS
 transport (CPORT) file, SPSS system file, Stata system file, and
tab-delimited ASCII data file</notes>
            </citation>
            <stdyInfo>
                    <subject>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">demographic characteristics</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">drug abuse</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">drug dependence</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">drug overdose</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">drug use</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">emergencies</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">emergency services</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">health behavior</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">hospitalization</keyword>
                        <keyword vocab="thesaurus">substance abuse</keyword>
                        <topcClas source="archive" vocab="ICPSR subject classifications">ICPSR XVI.A. Social Indicators, United States</topcClas>
                        <topcClas source="archive" vocab="ICPSR subject classifications">ICPSR XVII.E. Social Institutions and Behavior, Crime and the Criminal Justice System</topcClas>
                        <topcClas source="archive" vocab="NACJD subject classifications">NACJD XI. Drugs, Alcohol, and Crime</topcClas>
                        <topcClas source="archive" vocab="NAHDAP subject classifications">NAHDAP I. National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program</topcClas>
                        <topcClas source="archive" vocab="SAMHDA subject classifications">SAMHDA VIII. Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)</topcClas>
                    </subject>
                    <abstract>The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) survey is designed to
capture data on emergency department (ED) episodes that are induced by
or related to the use of an illicit, prescription, or over-the-counter
drug. For purposes of this collection, a drug "episode" is an ED visit
that was induced by or related to the use of an illegal drug or the
nonmedical use of a legal drug for patients aged six years and
older. A drug "mention" refers to a substance that was mentioned
during a drug-related ED episode. Because up to four drugs can be
reported for each drug abuse episode, there are more mentions than
episodes in the data. Individual persons may also be included more
than once in the data. Within each facility participating in DAWN, a
designated reporter, usually a member of the emergency department or
medical records staff, was responsible for identifying drug-related
episodes and recording and submitting data on each case. An episode
report was submitted for each patient visiting a DAWN emergency
department whose presenting problem(s) was/were related to their own
drug use. DAWN produces estimates of drug-related emergency department
visits for 50 specific drugs, drug categories, or combinations of
drugs, including the following: acetaminophen, alcohol in combination
with other drugs, alprazolam, amitriptyline, amphetamines, aspirin,
cocaine, codeine, diazepam, diphenhydramine, fluoxetine,
heroin/morphine, inhalants/solvents/aerosols, LSD, lorazepam,
marijuana/hashish, methadone, methamphetamine, and PCP/PCP in
combination with other drugs. The use of alcohol alone is not
reported. The route of administration and form of drug used (e.g.,
powder, tablet, liquid) are included for each drug. Data collected for
DAWN also include drug use motive and total drug mentions in the
episode, as well as race, age, patient disposition, reason for ED
visit, and day of the week, quarter, and year of episode.</abstract>
                    <sumDscr>
                        <timePrd event="single" date="1997" cycle="P1"> </timePrd>
                        <collDate event="single" date="1997" cycle="P1"> </collDate>
                        <nation>Please see geographic coverage.</nation>
                        <geogCover>United States</geogCover>
                        <universe>Patients treated during 1997 in the emergency department
of nonfederal, short-stay general hospitals that had a 24-hour
emergency department. Eligible respondents were those patients who met
the following criteria: (1) they were aged 6 years or older, (2) their
presenting problem(s) was/were induced by or related to drug use,
regardless of when the drug ingestion occurred, (3) the case involved
the nonmedical use of a legal drug or any use of an illegal drug, (4)
the patient's reason for taking the substance(s) included one of the
following: (a) dependence, (b) suicide attempt or gesture, or (c)
psychic effects.</universe>
                        <dataKind>administrative records data</dataKind>
                        <dataKind>clinical data</dataKind>
                        <dataKind>survey data</dataKind>
                    </sumDscr>
            </stdyInfo>
            <method>
                <dataColl>
                    <sampProc>More than 500 EDs that were part of a scientifically-
 selected sample of general hospitals in the country provided data for
 DAWN. The DAWN sample is constructed to produce estimates of substance
 abuse visits to emergency departments across the nation and to 21
 oversampled metropolitan areas. The sample design of DAWN does not
 permit state-level estimates. Hospitals in the frame were stratified
 according to size, with hospitals reporting 80,000 or more annual
 emergency department visits assigned to a single stratum and selected
 with certainty. Additional strata were defined according to whether
 the hospital had an organized outpatient department or a
 chemical/alcohol inpatient unit. The 21 oversampled metropolitan areas
 include: Atlanta, GA, Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Buffalo, NY, Chicago,
 IL, Dallas, TX, Denver, CO, Detroit, MI, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL,
 Minneapolis, MN, New Orleans, LA, New York, NY, Newark, NJ,
 Philadelphia, PA, Phoenix, AZ, San Diego, CA, San Francisco, CA,
Seattle, WA, St. Louis, MO, and Washington, DC.</sampProc>
                    <collMode>hospital medical records</collMode>
                    <cleanOps>Performed consistency checks.</cleanOps>
                    <cleanOps>Created online analysis version with question text.</cleanOps>
                    <cleanOps>Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.</cleanOps>
                </dataColl>
                <notes>Because data are abstracted from medical records
completed by hospital staff who treat the patients, the accuracy of
these reports depends on their careful recording of these conditions.
It is also important to recognize that DAWN does not provide a
complete picture of problems associated with drug use, but rather
focuses on the impact that these problems have on hospital emergency
departments in the United States. If a person is admitted to another
part of the hospital for treatment, or treated in a physician's office
or at a drug treatment center, the episode would not be included in
DAWN.</notes>
                <notes>To protect the privacy of respondents, all variables that
could be used to identify individuals have been encrypted or collapsed
in the public use file. These modifications should not affect analytic
uses of the public use file.</notes>
                <notes>In May 1995, following a
comprehensive review, changes were implemented in the computer
programs that produce the DAWN estimates. The 1997 estimates are based
on these corrected programs. Most of the errors were due to a
miscalculation of the weights for hospitals that had undergone
organizational changes after they were selected into the
sample. Because the impact of these changes on the preliminary 1995
estimates was found to be small, 1994 estimates were not revised. The
new DAWN estimation system was fully implemented for the 1995 year.
Estimates for 1995 and subsequent years reflect those changes.</notes>
                <notes>The
data were collected and cleaned by Johnson, Bassin, and Shaw,
Inc. Westat, Inc. created the weights and analytic files, and the
National Opinion Research Center (NORC) created the public use file
and codebook.</notes>
                <notes>For more information, visit the DAWN Web site <ExtLink URI="http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/" />.</notes>
            </method>
            <dataAccs>
                <setAvail media="online">
                    <accsPlac URI="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu">Ann Arbor, Mi.:  Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research</accsPlac>
                    <notes>Stata system file(s), sav Data file(s), stc Data file(s), tsv Data file(s), Data file(s), and electronic documentation.</notes>
                </setAvail>
                <useStmt>
                    <specPerm>Additional special permissions, where applicable, are described in the restrictions field.</specPerm>
                    <restrctn>Users are reminded by the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration that these data are to be used solely
for statistical analysis and reporting of aggregated information, and
not for the investigation of specific individuals or organizations.</restrctn>

		<conditions>
		    <![CDATA[
		    <p>Please read the Terms of Use below. If you agree to them, click on the "I Agree" button to proceed. If you do not agree, you can click on the "I Do Not Agree" button to exit this page.</p><p>These data are distributed under the following terms of use. By continuing past this point to the data retrieval process, you signify your agreement to comply with the requirements as stated below:</p><h2>Privacy of RESEARCH SUBJECTS</h2><p>Any intentional identification of a RESEARCH SUBJECT (whether an individual or an organization) or unauthorized disclosure of his or her confidential information violates the PROMISE OF CONFIDENTIALITY given to the providers of the information. Disclosure of confidential information may also be punishable under federal law. Therefore, users of data agree:</p><ul><li><p>To use these datasets solely for research or statistical purposes and not for re-identification of specific RESEARCH SUBJECTS.</p></li><li><p>To make no use of the identity of any RESEARCH SUBJECT discovered inadvertently and to report any such discovery to CBHSQ and SAMHDA ( <a href="mailto:samhda-support@icpsr.umich.edu">samhda-support@icpsr.umich.edu</a>)</p></li></ul><h2>Citing Data</h2><p>You agree to reference the recommended bibliographic citation in any of your publications that use SAMHSA data. Authors of publications that use SAMHSA data are required to send citations of their published works to ICPSR for inclusion in a database of related publications (<a href="mailto:bibliography@icpsr.umich.edu">bibliography@icpsr.umich.edu</a>).</p><h2>Disclaimer</h2><p>You acknowledge that SAMHSA and ICPSR will bear no responsibility for your use of the data or for your interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.</p><h2>Violations</h2><p>If SAMHSA or ICPSR determines that this terms of use agreement has been violated, then possible sanctions could include:</p><ul><li><p>Report of the violation to the Research Integrity Officer, Institutional Review Board, or Human Subjects Review Committee of the user's institution. A range of sanctions are available to institutions including revocation of tenure and termination.</p></li><li><p>If the confidentiality of human subjects has been violated, then report of the violation may be made to the Federal Office for Human Research Protections. This may result in an investigation of the user's institution, which can result in institution-wide sanctions including the suspension of all research grants.</p></li> <li><p>Report of the violation of federal law to the United States Attorney General for possible prosecution.</p></li><li><p>Court awarded payments of damages to any individual(s)/organization(s) harmed by the breach of confidential data.</p></li></ul> <h2>Definitions</h2><dl><dt>CBHSQ</dt><dd>Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality</dd><dt>ICPSR</dt><dd>Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research</dd><dt>Promise of confidentiality</dt><dd>A promise to a respondent or research participant that the information the respondent provides will not be disseminated in identifiable form without the permission of the respondent; that the fact that the respondent participated in the study will not be disclosed; and that disseminated information will include no linkages to the identity of the respondent. Such a promise encompasses traditional notions of both confidentiality and anonymity. In most cases, federal law protects the confidentiality of the respondent's identity as referenced in the Promise of Confidentiality. Under this condition, names and other identifying information regarding respondents would be confidential.</dd><dt>Research subject</dt><dd>A person or organization that participates in a research study. A research subject may also be called a respondent. A respondent is generally a survey respondent or informant, experimental or observational subject, focus group participant, or any other person providing information to a study.</dd> <dt>SAMHDA</dt><dd>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive</dd><dt>SAMHSA</dt><dd>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</dd></dl>
		    ]]>
		    <p>AVAILABLE.  This study is freely available to the general public.</p>
		</conditions>

		<disclaimer>The original collector of the data, ICPSR,
		and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility
		for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences
		based upon such uses.  </disclaimer>
                    </useStmt>
            </dataAccs>
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                        <titlStmt>
                            <titl>Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 1997: [United States]</titl>
                        </titlStmt>
                        <holdings>SDA Component</holdings>
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            <notes>219800</notes>
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