National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2021-2022 State-Specific Tables of Model-Based Estimates (Totals and Percentages)

231006

UNITED STATES

Table 1A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the United States; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	43,582	1,924	9,063	32,595	41,659
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	57,540	2,896	12,716	41,928	54,644
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	39,632	1,616	8,624	29,392	38,016
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	59,097	5,428	3,667	50,002	53,669
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3,682	1,037	1,542	1,103	2,645
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	9,334	463	1,463	7,408	8,871
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	5,017	37	1,260	3,720	4,980
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	185,596	12,757	20,044	152,795	172,839
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	63	1,005	1,067
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	230,084	14,602	26,595	188,887	215,482
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	8,040	367	2,568	5,104	7,672
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	2,673	27	172	2,474	2,646
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	8,671	478	1,074	7,119	8,193
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	9,169	478	1,095	7,597	8,692
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	134,979	1,819	17,257	115,903	133,160
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	60,889	939	10,143	49,807	59,950
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	122,986	10,731	13,208	99,046	112,255
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	5,976	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	3,266	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15,911	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	53,567	628	5,608	47,331	52,939
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	42,912	376	3,844	38,693	42,537
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	192,586	16,075	21,618	154,893	176,511
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	47,753	2,316	9,216	36,221	45,438
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	29,637	859	5,435	23,343	28,778
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	2,224	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	25,848	1,854	6,025	17,968	23,993
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	5,298	270	414	4,615	5,028
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	5,850	270	434	5,146	5,580
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12,059	46,809	58,867
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	4,022	10,921	14,943
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	5,217	6,716	15,297	22,013
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	3,406	4,621	8,239	12,860
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	1,642	1,726	1,963	3,688
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	950	837	879	1,717
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates in this table are aggregates of estimated numbers across all states. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

UNITED STATES

Table 1B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the United States; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	13,106	1,184	1,673	10,248	11,921
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	54,573	2,959	10,177	41,437	51,614
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	41,468	1,775	8,504	31,188	39,692
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	7,669	9,282	46,552	55,834
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates in this table are aggregates of estimated numbers across all states. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

UNITED STATES

Table 2A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the United States; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	15.51	7.44	26.56	14.75	16.33
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	20.48	11.19	37.27	18.98	21.43
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.11	6.25	25.27	13.30	14.91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.03	20.98	10.75	22.63	21.04
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.39	4.43	8.51	0.98	2.03
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.32	1.79	4.29	3.35	3.48
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.79	0.14	3.69	1.68	1.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.08	49.31	58.74	69.16	67.76
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.18	0.45	0.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.95	56.44	77.94	85.50	84.48
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.86	1.42	7.53	2.31	3.01
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.95	0.10	0.50	1.12	1.04
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.09	1.85	3.15	3.22	3.21
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.26	1.85	3.21	3.44	3.41
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	48.05	7.03	50.57	52.46	52.21
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.67	3.63	29.73	22.54	23.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.78	41.48	38.71	44.83	44.01
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.37	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.40	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	40.93	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	19.07	2.43	16.44	21.42	20.76
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	15.28	1.45	11.27	17.51	16.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.56	62.13	63.35	70.11	69.20
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.00	8.95	27.01	16.40	17.82
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.55	3.32	15.93	10.57	11.28
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.72	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.20	7.17	17.66	8.13	9.41
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.89	1.04	1.21	2.09	1.97
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.08	1.04	1.27	2.33	2.19
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35.34	21.19	23.08
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.79	4.94	5.86
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.17	19.68	6.92	8.63
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.16	13.54	3.73	5.04
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.35	5.06	0.89	1.45
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.67	2.45	0.40	0.67
-- = not available. NOTE: Design-based estimates are given in this table. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

UNITED STATES

Table 2B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the United States; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.65	4.60	4.81	4.63	4.65
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.35	11.50	29.26	18.71	20.14
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	75.99	59.98	83.56	75.27	76.90
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	29.81	26.68	21.02	21.79
-- = not available. NOTE: Design-based estimates are given in this table. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 3A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Northeast Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	8,346	346	1,698	6,303	8,000
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	10,801	475	2,318	8,008	10,326
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	7,654	270	1,610	5,774	7,384
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	9,590	831	582	8,177	8,759
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	655	166	279	210	489
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	1,690	73	290	1,327	1,617
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	994	6	232	755	987
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	31,462	2,002	3,297	26,163	29,460
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	13	206	219
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	39,972	2,290	4,554	33,128	37,682
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	1,307	45	433	829	1,262
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	285	4	27	254	281
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	1,416	74	168	1,174	1,342
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	1,561	74	174	1,313	1,487
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	25,160	301	3,238	21,620	24,858
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	11,080	167	1,951	8,962	10,913
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	20,956	1,662	2,200	17,094	19,294
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	1,122	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	605	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	2,471	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	8,457	108	873	7,477	8,350
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	6,699	53	604	6,043	6,647
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	34,679	2,634	3,839	28,205	32,045
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	8,425	352	1,584	6,488	8,073
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	5,374	139	949	4,285	5,235
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	380	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	4,154	290	999	2,865	3,864
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	812	39	65	708	773
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	953	39	69	846	915
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	2,014	7,774	9,788
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	645	1,797	2,442
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	816	1,110	2,537	3,647
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	517	720	1,275	1,995
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	255	258	284	542
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	131	123	140	263
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 3B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Northeast Region; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	2,544	141	249	2,154	2,402
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	9,511	414	1,783	7,314	9,097
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	7,073	257	1,505	5,311	6,816
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	1,280	1,772	8,365	10,137
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 4A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Northeast Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	17.04	8.43	29.18	16.14	17.83
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	22.06	11.58	39.84	20.50	23.01
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	15.63	6.59	27.66	14.78	16.46
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.57	20.25	10.00	20.94	19.51
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.48	4.40	9.25	1.07	2.16
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.45	1.77	4.98	3.40	3.60
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.03	0.15	3.99	1.93	2.20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.25	48.78	56.66	66.99	65.64
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.22	0.53	0.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.66	55.79	78.26	84.83	83.97
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.67	1.10	7.43	2.12	2.81
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.58	0.09	0.46	0.65	0.63
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.89	1.81	2.89	3.01	2.99
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.19	1.81	2.98	3.36	3.31
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	51.38	7.34	55.65	55.36	55.40
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	22.62	4.07	33.53	22.95	24.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.79	40.49	37.80	43.77	43.00
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	17.69	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9.54	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.95	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	17.27	2.62	15.00	19.15	18.61
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	13.68	1.28	10.37	15.47	14.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.81	64.18	65.98	72.22	71.41
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.20	8.58	27.23	16.61	17.99
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.97	3.38	16.32	10.97	11.67
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.99	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.48	7.07	17.17	7.34	8.61
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.66	0.95	1.11	1.81	1.72
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.95	0.95	1.18	2.17	2.04
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	34.61	19.91	21.81
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.09	4.60	5.44
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.88	19.08	6.50	8.13
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.60	12.38	3.26	4.45
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.21	4.43	0.73	1.21
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.20	2.11	0.36	0.59
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 4B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Northeast Region; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.19	3.47	4.21	5.52	5.34
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.40	10.19	30.15	18.73	20.23
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	73.49	64.87	86.01	71.02	73.85
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.49	29.97	21.42	22.55
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MIDWEST REGION

Table 5A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Midwest Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	9,302	414	1,940	6,949	8,888
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	12,400	635	2,802	8,963	11,765
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	8,608	342	1,868	6,398	8,267
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	10,410	1,051	671	8,687	9,358
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	781	220	341	220	561
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	1,938	98	309	1,531	1,840
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	988	9	261	719	980
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	38,040	2,635	4,187	31,218	35,405
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	15	194	209
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	47,386	3,026	5,611	38,749	44,360
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	1,641	82	581	978	1,559
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	580	5	52	523	574
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	1,724	95	215	1,414	1,629
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	1,855	94	222	1,538	1,760
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	29,487	435	3,918	25,134	29,052
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	13,595	234	2,340	11,022	13,361
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	23,311	2,123	2,522	18,667	21,189
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	1,393	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	822	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	3,070	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	12,697	157	1,352	11,188	12,540
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	10,257	93	982	9,181	10,164
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	37,942	3,361	4,425	30,156	34,581
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	10,380	515	2,036	7,829	9,865
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	6,169	180	1,152	4,837	5,989
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	485	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	5,724	398	1,333	3,993	5,326
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1,181	51	79	1,051	1,130
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1,233	52	84	1,098	1,182
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	2,633	10,044	12,677
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	844	2,329	3,173
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	1,109	1,397	3,322	4,719
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	734	998	1,824	2,822
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	363	389	420	810
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	201	175	193	368
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The Midwest region includes the following states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MIDWEST REGION

Table 5B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Midwest Region; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	2,870	268	421	2,182	2,603
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	11,892	637	2,232	9,023	11,255
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	8,773	361	1,798	6,614	8,412
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	1,725	2,253	11,098	13,351
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The Midwest region includes the following states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MIDWEST REGION

Table 6A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Midwest Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	16.01	7.61	26.94	15.29	16.88
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	21.34	11.67	38.92	19.72	22.34
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.82	6.28	25.94	14.08	15.70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.92	19.33	9.32	19.11	17.77
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.56	4.52	9.31	1.00	2.18
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.34	1.79	4.30	3.37	3.49
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.70	0.16	3.62	1.58	1.86
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.50	48.43	58.16	68.69	67.25
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.43	0.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.62	55.62	77.93	85.26	84.26
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.82	1.50	8.07	2.15	2.96
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.00	0.09	0.72	1.15	1.09
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.97	1.74	2.98	3.11	3.09
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.19	1.74	3.08	3.38	3.34
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	50.76	8.00	54.42	55.30	55.18
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.40	4.30	32.49	24.25	25.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.13	39.02	35.02	41.07	40.24
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	17.15	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10.12	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	37.80	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	21.86	2.88	18.78	24.62	23.82
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.66	1.72	13.64	20.20	19.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	65.32	61.78	61.46	66.35	65.68
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.87	9.46	28.28	17.23	18.74
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.62	3.31	16.00	10.64	11.38
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.98	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.85	7.32	18.51	8.79	10.12
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.03	0.94	1.10	2.31	2.15
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.12	0.95	1.17	2.42	2.25
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36.57	22.10	24.08
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.72	5.12	6.03
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.39	19.40	7.31	8.96
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.49	13.86	4.01	5.36
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.67	5.41	0.92	1.54
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.69	2.43	0.42	0.70
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The Midwest region includes the following states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MIDWEST REGION

Table 6B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the Midwest Region; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.94	4.96	5.77	4.80	4.93
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.45	11.81	30.59	19.85	21.33
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	75.28	57.08	80.96	75.16	76.33
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.96	30.88	24.41	25.31
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The Midwest region includes the following states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

SOUTH REGION

Table 7A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the South Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	13,686	653	2,943	10,090	13,033
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	18,292	1,012	4,212	13,069	17,281
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	12,175	561	2,816	8,799	11,614
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25,222	2,396	1,512	21,314	22,826
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1,302	398	547	357	904
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3,200	183	483	2,534	3,017
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1,646	14	388	1,244	1,632
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	74,708	5,185	8,119	61,403	69,523
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	21	412	433
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	89,470	5,863	10,277	73,330	83,607
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2,421	133	793	1,495	2,289
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	972	11	55	906	961
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3,438	193	424	2,821	3,245
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3,646	193	415	3,038	3,453
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	48,703	659	6,142	41,902	48,044
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	22,048	320	3,511	18,217	21,728
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48,276	4,331	5,197	38,748	43,945
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	2,094	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	1,124	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	6,448	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	22,414	234	2,178	20,002	22,180
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17,948	130	1,444	16,374	17,818
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73,065	6,219	8,195	58,651	66,847
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16,830	857	3,233	12,741	15,973
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10,548	319	1,936	8,293	10,229
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	816	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9,239	669	2,112	6,458	8,570
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2,227	110	167	1,950	2,116
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2,434	111	173	2,149	2,322
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	4,412	17,444	21,856
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	1,520	4,118	5,638
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	1,969	2,471	5,600	8,071
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	1,305	1,724	3,100	4,824
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	625	656	790	1,446
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	378	335	347	683
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The South region includes the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

SOUTH REGION

Table 7B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the South Region; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4,898	513	614	3,771	4,386
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19,706	1,205	3,593	14,908	18,501
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	14,864	724	3,001	11,140	14,141
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	2,915	3,179	16,568	19,747
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The South region includes the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

SOUTH REGION

Table 8A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the South Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12.75	6.45	22.60	11.98	13.41
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	17.04	9.98	32.35	15.52	17.78
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	11.34	5.53	21.63	10.45	11.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.49	23.64	11.61	25.32	23.47
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.02	4.18	7.24	0.76	1.65
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	2.98	1.81	3.71	3.01	3.10
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.53	0.14	2.98	1.48	1.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.61	51.15	62.36	72.93	71.51
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.16	0.49	0.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.39	57.84	78.93	87.10	86.00
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.26	1.31	6.09	1.78	2.35
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.91	0.11	0.42	1.08	0.99
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.20	1.90	3.26	3.35	3.34
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.40	1.90	3.19	3.61	3.55
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	45.37	6.50	47.18	49.77	49.42
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.54	3.16	26.96	21.64	22.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.97	42.73	39.92	46.02	45.20
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.84	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.43	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.62	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	20.88	2.31	16.73	23.76	22.82
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	16.72	1.28	11.10	19.45	18.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.07	61.35	62.95	69.66	68.76
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	15.68	8.45	24.83	15.13	16.43
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.83	3.15	14.87	9.85	10.52
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.39	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.61	6.60	16.22	7.67	8.82
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.07	1.09	1.28	2.32	2.18
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.27	1.10	1.33	2.55	2.39
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	33.89	20.72	22.48
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.68	4.89	5.80
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.43	18.98	6.65	8.30
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.87	13.24	3.68	4.96
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.17	5.04	0.94	1.49
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.73	2.57	0.41	0.70
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The South region includes the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

SOUTH REGION

Table 8B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the South Region; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.53	5.07	4.60	4.46	4.48
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	18.23	11.90	26.93	17.61	18.88
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	75.32	58.82	83.01	74.82	76.41
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	28.80	23.83	19.57	20.15
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The South region includes the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WEST REGION

Table 9A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the West Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12,247	511	2,483	9,254	11,737
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	16,046	774	3,384	11,889	15,272
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	11,195	444	2,331	8,421	10,751
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	13,875	1,149	902	11,824	12,726
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	944	253	375	317	691
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	2,506	110	381	2,016	2,397
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1,389	8	379	1,001	1,381
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	41,386	2,935	4,441	34,010	38,451
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	14	193	206
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	53,256	3,423	6,153	43,680	49,833
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2,671	108	761	1,801	2,563
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	837	7	38	791	830
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2,093	116	267	1,709	1,977
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2,108	117	284	1,707	1,992
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	31,629	424	3,958	27,247	31,205
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	14,166	218	2,342	11,606	13,948
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	30,442	2,616	3,290	24,536	27,827
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	1,366	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	716	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	3,921	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	9,999	129	1,205	8,664	9,869
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	8,008	100	813	7,095	7,908
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	46,899	3,861	5,158	37,880	43,039
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	12,119	592	2,363	9,164	11,527
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	7,547	222	1,397	5,928	7,325
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	543	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	6,731	497	1,582	4,651	6,233
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1,079	70	103	906	1,009
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1,229	68	108	1,053	1,161
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	2,999	11,547	14,546
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	1,013	2,677	3,690
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	1,322	1,738	3,839	5,576
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	850	1,179	2,040	3,219
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	400	422	468	890
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	240	204	198	403
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The West region includes the following states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WEST REGION

Table 9B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the West Region; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	2,794	263	389	2,142	2,531
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	13,465	703	2,570	10,192	12,762
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	10,757	433	2,201	8,122	10,324
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	1,749	2,077	10,522	12,599
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The West region includes the following states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WEST REGION

Table 10A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the West Region; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	18.41	8.25	30.71	17.72	19.46
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	24.13	12.50	41.86	22.76	25.32
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	16.83	7.17	28.83	16.12	17.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.85	18.56	11.16	22.63	21.09
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.84	4.81	9.53	1.31	2.47
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.77	1.77	4.71	3.86	3.97
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.09	0.14	4.69	1.92	2.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	62.23	47.41	54.93	65.11	63.74
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.17	0.37	0.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.11	55.28	76.11	83.62	82.61
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	4.02	1.75	9.42	3.45	4.25
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.26	0.11	0.48	1.51	1.38
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.15	1.87	3.31	3.27	3.28
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.17	1.88	3.52	3.27	3.30
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	47.55	6.85	48.96	52.16	51.73
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.30	3.52	28.97	22.22	23.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.76	42.25	40.69	46.97	46.12
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	14.73	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.72	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.27	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	15.03	2.09	14.91	16.59	16.36
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	12.04	1.62	10.06	13.58	13.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.51	62.36	63.81	72.51	71.35
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.22	9.57	29.23	17.54	19.11
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.35	3.58	17.28	11.35	12.14
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.86	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	10.12	8.03	19.57	8.90	10.33
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.62	1.12	1.27	1.74	1.67
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.85	1.10	1.33	2.02	1.92
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.11	22.10	24.12
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.53	5.13	6.12
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.36	21.50	7.35	9.25
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.73	14.59	3.90	5.34
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.46	5.22	0.90	1.48
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.87	2.53	0.38	0.67
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The West region includes the following states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WEST REGION

Table 10B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the West Region; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.19	4.28	4.73	4.09	4.18
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.18	11.45	31.22	19.47	21.07
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	79.34	61.92	84.91	79.11	80.29
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	28.48	25.24	20.10	20.80
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. NOTE: The West region includes the following states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ALABAMA

Table 11A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alabama; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	469	21	100	349	449
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	573	36	136	401	537
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	370	18	93	259	352
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,063	106	71	886	957
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	46	16	18	12	30
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	136	8	19	110	128
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	58	1	13	45	58
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,071	210	351	2,510	2,861
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	16	17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,564	235	415	2,913	3,328
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	79	5	26	49	74
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	60	0	3	56	59
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	180	8	18	154	172
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	186	7	17	162	179
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,696	23	214	1,460	1,673
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	799	12	128	658	787
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,837	157	205	1,474	1,679
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	86	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	48	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	248	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,086	13	89	985	1,073
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	826	5	59	762	821
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,734	232	314	2,188	2,502
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	618	31	117	470	587
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	382	12	75	295	370
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	35	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	372	25	80	267	347
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	113	4	8	101	109
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	129	4	8	117	125
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	161	770	931
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	60	176	236
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	76	82	224	306
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	52	71	139	210
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	28	25	28	53
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	16	14	15	29
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ALABAMA

Table 11B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alabama; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	224	23	27	173	200
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	764	46	134	583	717
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	541	31	111	399	510
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	108	109	747	856
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ALABAMA

Table 12A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alabama; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	11.02	5.23	18.94	10.45	11.61
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	13.46	9.21	25.93	11.99	13.89
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	8.69	4.62	17.61	7.76	9.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	24.96	26.96	13.47	26.54	24.75
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.75	4.23	5.18	0.64	1.33
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.19	1.93	3.54	3.28	3.31
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.37	0.18	2.49	1.33	1.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.11	53.38	66.70	75.15	74.00
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.14	0.49	0.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.70	59.78	78.86	87.23	86.08
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	1.86	1.28	4.85	1.46	1.92
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.40	0.12	0.57	1.68	1.53
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	4.22	1.95	3.50	4.60	4.45
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	4.38	1.90	3.24	4.85	4.63
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	39.80	5.72	40.59	43.70	43.27
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	18.75	3.10	24.40	19.70	20.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.11	39.92	38.93	44.15	43.43
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.81	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.65	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	39.75	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	25.50	3.24	16.84	29.48	27.76
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	19.40	1.31	11.14	22.83	21.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.17	58.84	59.58	65.52	64.71
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	14.51	7.82	22.27	14.07	15.19
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	8.97	3.13	14.20	8.83	9.56
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.69	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.74	6.32	15.23	8.00	8.98
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.65	1.11	1.46	3.02	2.81
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	3.03	1.12	1.55	3.49	3.23
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	30.66	23.06	24.09
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.37	5.27	6.10
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.41	15.63	6.70	7.91
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.23	13.53	4.17	5.44
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.09	4.74	0.84	1.38
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.17	2.58	0.45	0.74
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ALABAMA

Table 12B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alabama; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.23	5.97	4.99	5.18	5.15
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	17.85	11.85	24.56	17.46	18.46
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	71.05	56.41	80.84	70.12	72.15
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	27.58	20.02	22.36	22.03
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ALASKA

Table 13A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alaska; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	134	6	23	105	128
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	180	9	32	139	171
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	129	5	22	101	123
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	86	9	5	71	76
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	9	3	4	3	7
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	19	1	3	15	18
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	8	0	2	6	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	346	28	33	285	318
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	468	32	48	387	435
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	19	1	5	13	18
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	6	0	1	5	6
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	18	2	2	14	16
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	18	2	2	14	16
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	286	4	32	251	283
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	124	2	16	106	122
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	246	24	24	197	221
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	11	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	132	2	14	116	130
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	109	1	10	98	108
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	381	36	36	309	345
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	135	7	21	107	128
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	68	2	11	55	66
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	94	6	17	70	87
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	13	1	1	11	12
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	15	1	1	14	15
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	27	105	132
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10	25	36
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	13	15	39	55
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	9	11	18	29
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5	5	5	10
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3	2	2	4
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ALASKA

Table 13B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alaska; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	27	2	4	21	25
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	141	7	23	110	134
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	113	*	19	90	109
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	14	20	96	116
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ALASKA

Table 14A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alaska; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	22.81	9.97	34.07	22.84	24.25
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	30.68	15.00	48.24	30.18	32.45
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	21.93	9.03	33.33	21.96	23.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14.59	15.87	7.75	15.42	14.45
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.83	5.67	12.35	1.81	3.37
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.20	1.92	4.34	3.20	3.34
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.31	0.11	3.06	1.22	1.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	59.00	46.81	49.75	61.88	60.35
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.30	0.65	0.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	79.77	54.56	72.78	83.96	82.56
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.23	2.17	7.60	2.73	3.34
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.01	0.04	0.89	1.16	1.12
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.07	3.37	2.75	3.08	3.04
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.02	3.36	3.15	2.96	2.98
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	48.80	6.35	47.89	54.39	53.59
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.13	3.58	24.38	22.93	23.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.91	41.48	36.22	42.78	41.96
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.56	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.72	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	40.96	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	22.53	3.19	21.60	25.15	24.71
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	18.55	1.78	14.67	21.27	20.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.96	60.75	53.93	67.07	65.43
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	23.01	11.51	32.24	23.17	24.30
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.66	3.73	16.85	11.93	12.55
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.21	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	15.95	10.77	25.75	15.21	16.53
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.16	1.11	1.09	2.44	2.27
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.60	1.11	1.19	2.99	2.77
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	40.43	22.75	24.96
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	15.28	5.53	6.75
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.72	23.17	8.55	10.38
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.52	16.15	3.95	5.47
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	9.12	7.24	1.11	1.88
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	5.57	2.45	0.46	0.71
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ALASKA

Table 14B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Alaska; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.60	4.20	5.85	4.47	4.64
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	23.92	11.70	34.91	23.92	25.30
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	80.48	*	81.90	81.41	81.51
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	24.75	30.49	20.82	22.03
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ARIZONA

Table 15A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arizona; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,241	63	287	892	1,179
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,489	80	372	1,037	1,409
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,166	44	282	840	1,122
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,219	98	67	1,053	1,120
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	92	25	39	27	66
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	196	11	32	153	185
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	105	1	31	73	104
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,107	279	460	3,368	3,828
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	14	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	5,142	332	607	4,203	4,810
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	224	12	81	131	212
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	52	1	3	49	52
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	208	12	32	165	196
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	202	12	34	156	190
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,865	39	415	2,411	2,826
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,376	19	229	1,128	1,357
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,748	235	310	2,203	2,513
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	144	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	75	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	374	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,144	11	129	1,004	1,133
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	917	10	89	818	907
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,294	351	462	3,481	3,943
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,073	62	252	758	1,011
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	640	20	138	482	619
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	55	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	598	57	168	372	541
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	122	7	11	104	115
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	130	7	12	111	123
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	296	1,012	1,308
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	97	220	318
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	139	176	333	510
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	79	112	178	290
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	36	44	50	94
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	28	20	23	43
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ARIZONA

Table 15B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arizona; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	262	30	43	189	232
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,190	78	272	841	1,113
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	944	50	234	660	894
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	172	214	966	1,181
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ARIZONA

Table 16A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arizona; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	20.01	10.83	36.90	18.41	20.96
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	24.01	13.82	47.82	21.41	25.06
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	18.80	7.63	36.22	17.34	19.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.65	17.04	8.59	21.74	19.92
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.14	5.48	11.97	1.24	2.69
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.16	1.89	4.09	3.16	3.29
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.69	0.12	4.01	1.51	1.85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.24	48.32	59.15	69.50	68.07
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.17	0.29	0.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.96	57.51	78.04	86.73	85.53
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.62	2.12	10.38	2.71	3.77
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.84	0.09	0.40	1.00	0.92
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.36	2.07	4.06	3.40	3.49
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.26	2.07	4.31	3.23	3.38
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	46.19	6.72	53.39	49.75	50.25
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	22.19	3.35	29.41	23.28	24.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.32	40.70	39.87	45.47	44.69
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.29	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.46	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.47	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.45	1.87	16.64	20.72	20.15
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	14.79	1.67	11.41	16.89	16.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.24	60.76	59.42	71.83	70.11
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.29	10.68	32.45	15.65	17.97
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.32	3.54	17.69	9.94	11.01
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.20	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.63	9.79	21.66	7.69	9.62
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.97	1.20	1.47	2.14	2.05
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.10	1.24	1.52	2.30	2.19
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	38.06	20.89	23.26
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.53	4.54	5.65
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	23.96	22.69	6.87	9.06
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.61	14.37	3.67	5.15
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.28	5.67	1.03	1.68
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.80	2.61	0.47	0.77
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ARIZONA

Table 16B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arizona; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.19	5.19	5.43	3.87	4.09
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.06	13.49	34.13	17.25	19.62
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.52	63.01	84.12	78.11	79.59
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	29.96	26.96	19.81	20.81
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ARKANSAS

Table 17A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arkansas; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	319	15	68	236	304
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	429	28	96	306	401
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	284	15	65	204	269
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	627	67	39	521	560
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	30	9	12	8	20
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	90	4	13	73	85
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	32	0	8	24	32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,850	128	206	1,515	1,722
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	9	9
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,120	145	251	1,724	1,974
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	55	4	18	33	51
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	44	0	3	41	44
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	96	5	10	82	92
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	98	5	10	83	93
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,013	18	134	861	995
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	486	8	84	394	478
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,083	103	119	861	980
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	52	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	31	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	153	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	645	8	50	588	637
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	520	4	36	481	516
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,612	157	192	1,264	1,455
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	382	22	74	286	361
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	228	7	44	177	221
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	20	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	213	14	51	147	198
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	55	3	4	48	52
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	57	3	4	50	54
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	103	443	546
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35	108	143
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	47	55	133	187
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	35	43	76	120
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	17	17	17	34
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	10	8	12	19
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ARKANSAS

Table 17B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arkansas; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	149	13	20	116	137
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	493	29	83	381	464
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	343	18	72	253	324
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	75	75	412	487
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ARKANSAS

Table 18A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arkansas; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12.58	5.90	21.54	11.98	13.30
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	16.92	11.20	30.30	15.50	17.54
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	11.19	6.21	20.52	10.33	11.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	24.71	27.02	12.34	26.41	24.46
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.86	4.02	6.08	0.69	1.48
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.54	1.79	4.03	3.68	3.73
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.26	0.16	2.44	1.21	1.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.98	51.94	65.21	76.85	75.24
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.15	0.45	0.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.65	58.80	79.25	87.41	86.28
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.17	1.69	5.77	1.66	2.23
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.74	0.13	0.95	2.07	1.91
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.81	1.85	3.11	4.16	4.02
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.86	1.84	3.17	4.23	4.08
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	39.96	7.34	42.46	43.66	43.49
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	19.15	3.24	26.52	19.97	20.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.71	41.73	37.50	43.67	42.82
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.85	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.39	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	41.26	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	25.45	3.18	15.69	29.80	27.85
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	20.53	1.62	11.30	24.38	22.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	63.59	63.33	60.60	64.10	63.61
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	15.08	8.77	23.47	14.53	15.76
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.01	2.95	14.02	8.97	9.66
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.33	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.38	5.82	16.28	7.44	8.66
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.15	1.03	1.39	2.41	2.27
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.25	1.04	1.42	2.53	2.38
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	32.65	22.45	23.86
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.99	5.49	6.25
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18.97	17.24	6.74	8.19
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.03	13.68	3.88	5.23
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.82	5.29	0.87	1.48
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.09	2.42	0.59	0.84
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ARKANSAS

Table 18B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Arkansas; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.86	5.13	6.24	5.89	5.94
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.37	11.69	25.85	19.27	20.19
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	69.84	59.78	77.81	68.66	70.51
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.32	23.09	20.87	21.18
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

CALIFORNIA

Table 19A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in California; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	5,524	225	1,162	4,137	5,299
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	7,558	362	1,632	5,564	7,196
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	5,024	203	1,078	3,743	4,821
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	7,813	596	506	6,711	7,217
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	468	124	181	164	345
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	1,222	53	182	987	1,169
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	758	4	201	553	754
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	20,606	1,467	2,218	16,920	19,139
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	6	93	99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	26,390	1,704	3,061	21,626	24,686
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	1,320	38	343	940	1,282
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	448	4	15	429	444
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	988	55	131	802	933
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	1,023	56	138	829	967
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	15,642	206	1,917	13,518	15,435
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	6,977	109	1,198	5,670	6,868
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	15,878	1,342	1,761	12,775	14,536
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	642	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	326	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	2,013	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	4,020	50	450	3,521	3,970
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	3,332	42	303	2,987	3,290
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	23,910	1,932	2,730	19,248	21,978
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	5,670	253	1,105	4,312	5,418
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	3,723	102	694	2,926	3,620
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	243	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	3,079	218	717	2,144	2,861
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	493	36	51	405	457
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	578	35	54	490	543
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	1,385	5,281	6,665
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	487	1,212	1,699
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	616	813	1,760	2,574
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	411	550	941	1,491
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	181	204	220	423
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	99	100	85	185
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

CALIFORNIA

Table 19B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in California; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	1,141	108	160	872	1,032
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	6,303	310	1,196	4,796	5,993
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	5,163	200	1,038	3,926	4,963
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	793	881	4,439	5,320
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

CALIFORNIA

Table 20A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in California; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	16.68	7.31	28.81	15.91	17.64
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	22.83	11.77	40.49	21.40	23.96
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	15.17	6.60	26.74	14.40	16.05
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.59	19.35	12.56	25.81	24.02
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.63	4.52	8.74	1.26	2.29
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.69	1.71	4.51	3.80	3.89
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.29	0.13	4.98	2.13	2.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	62.24	47.64	55.03	65.07	63.72
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.15	0.36	0.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	79.74	55.32	75.92	83.17	82.19
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.99	1.23	8.50	3.61	4.27
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.35	0.13	0.37	1.65	1.48
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.98	1.79	3.26	3.08	3.11
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.09	1.81	3.43	3.19	3.22
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	47.24	6.69	47.56	51.99	51.39
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.07	3.55	29.72	21.81	22.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.95	43.57	43.69	49.13	48.40
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.97	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.10	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	43.84	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	12.14	1.61	11.16	13.54	13.22
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	10.06	1.36	7.52	11.49	10.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.21	62.74	67.73	74.02	73.18
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.12	8.21	27.42	16.58	18.04
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.24	3.32	17.22	11.25	12.05
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.29	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.30	7.10	17.77	8.25	9.52
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.49	1.18	1.28	1.56	1.52
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.75	1.13	1.33	1.88	1.81
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	34.35	20.31	22.19
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.08	4.66	5.66
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.01	20.17	6.77	8.57
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.34	13.64	3.62	4.97
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.88	5.05	0.84	1.41
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.20	2.49	0.33	0.62
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

CALIFORNIA

Table 20B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in California; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	3.44	3.56	3.91	3.36	3.43
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.03	10.17	29.28	18.45	19.92
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	81.87	64.61	86.58	81.81	82.77
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	26.00	21.56	17.08	17.69
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

COLORADO

Table 21A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Colorado; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,031	39	211	780	991
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,315	64	285	965	1,251
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	956	30	209	718	926
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	802	72	51	679	730
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	71	21	31	20	50
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	216	8	37	171	208
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	138	1	39	99	138
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,920	198	295	2,428	2,722
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	11	12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,965	237	451	3,277	3,728
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	247	12	65	170	235
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	40	0	3	37	40
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	158	8	17	133	149
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	154	8	18	128	146
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,716	37	333	2,345	2,678
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,218	20	191	1,007	1,198
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,144	180	223	1,741	1,964
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	114	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	67	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	274	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	905	13	123	769	892
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	653	10	79	564	643
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,384	264	349	2,771	3,120
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,090	50	193	847	1,040
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	697	21	110	566	676
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	49	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	576	37	135	404	539
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	79	5	6	69	75
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	84	4	6	73	79
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	226	960	1,186
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	75	237	312
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	103	137	323	460
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	63	90	177	266
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	32	26	38	64
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	20	14	19	33
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

COLORADO

Table 21B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Colorado; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	271	25	36	211	247
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,230	58	228	943	1,171
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	938	*	184	723	907
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	145	176	998	1,175
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

COLORADO

Table 22A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Colorado; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	20.83	8.91	35.10	19.98	21.99
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	26.56	14.55	47.42	24.71	27.74
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	19.32	6.80	34.67	18.37	20.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	16.21	16.35	8.50	17.38	16.19
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.76	6.87	13.34	1.41	3.11
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	4.36	1.83	6.13	4.37	4.60
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.79	0.14	6.49	2.53	3.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	59.01	44.79	48.97	62.15	60.38
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.16	0.28	0.27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.14	53.62	74.91	83.89	82.69
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	4.98	2.62	10.85	4.35	5.21
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.81	0.09	0.50	0.94	0.88
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.18	1.89	2.75	3.40	3.31
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.12	1.92	2.94	3.28	3.24
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	54.86	8.44	55.37	60.03	59.41
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	24.61	4.51	31.83	25.77	26.58
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.31	40.74	37.06	44.56	43.56
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.96	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10.03	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	40.77	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.29	3.00	20.44	19.69	19.79
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	13.19	2.34	13.12	14.43	14.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.38	59.86	57.95	70.94	69.21
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	22.02	11.27	32.13	21.68	23.08
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	14.08	4.76	18.34	14.48	14.99
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.31	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	11.63	8.38	22.42	10.33	11.95
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.60	1.03	0.98	1.76	1.65
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.69	1.01	1.02	1.87	1.76
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.52	24.57	26.30
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.46	6.06	6.92
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	23.32	22.77	8.28	10.21
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.26	14.94	4.52	5.91
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.16	4.35	0.97	1.42
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.58	2.36	0.47	0.73
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

COLORADO

Table 22B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Colorado; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.45	5.60	5.84	5.38	5.44
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	24.72	13.35	37.05	24.05	25.82
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	77.22	*	82.77	77.30	78.36
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	33.27	28.64	25.46	25.89
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

CONNECTICUT

Table 23A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Connecticut; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	511	25	117	369	486
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	687	32	162	493	655
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	464	19	115	330	445
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	516	49	37	431	468
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	42	12	18	11	30
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	96	5	17	74	91
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	65	0	15	49	64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,071	128	222	1,721	1,943
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	10	11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,529	139	298	2,093	2,390
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	69	3	26	40	66
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	13	0	1	12	13
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	85	5	12	68	80
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	89	5	12	72	84
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,759	22	232	1,505	1,737
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	683	11	136	536	672
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,331	108	150	1,073	1,224
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	66	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	32	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	151	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	513	7	63	443	506
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	390	3	39	348	387
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,231	175	253	1,803	2,056
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	544	21	118	405	523
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	375	10	79	285	365
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	24	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	248	20	72	157	228
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	49	3	4	43	47
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	53	3	4	46	50
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	135	464	599
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	43	111	154
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	54	82	162	243
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	30	47	72	118
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	16	18	18	36
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	9	8	8	16
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

CONNECTICUT

Table 23B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Connecticut; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	136	10	18	108	126
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	632	30	142	460	601
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	497	19	114	364	478
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	83	128	501	629
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

CONNECTICUT

Table 24A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Connecticut; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	16.38	9.05	30.44	15.00	17.09
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	22.06	11.92	42.18	20.04	23.02
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.89	7.00	29.95	13.42	15.65
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	16.56	17.92	9.56	17.51	16.43
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.66	5.02	9.54	1.03	2.24
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.07	1.79	4.44	3.00	3.19
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.08	0.15	3.93	2.00	2.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.47	47.14	57.73	69.96	68.30
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.20	0.42	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.20	51.08	77.48	85.06	84.03
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.22	1.03	6.78	1.64	2.34
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.41	0.09	0.27	0.47	0.44
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.72	1.72	3.05	2.78	2.81
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.85	1.73	3.15	2.93	2.96
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	56.46	8.23	60.38	61.17	61.07
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.90	3.91	35.38	21.79	23.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.72	39.60	39.10	43.63	43.02
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	17.00	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.13	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.83	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	16.45	2.54	16.31	18.01	17.78
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	12.52	1.23	10.18	14.13	13.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.58	64.39	65.77	73.28	72.27
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.45	7.66	30.74	16.46	18.39
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	12.03	3.61	20.67	11.60	12.83
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.16	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	7.96	7.19	18.71	6.36	8.03
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.59	1.01	1.07	1.73	1.64
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.70	1.01	1.16	1.86	1.77
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35.07	18.86	21.05
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.23	4.50	5.41
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.83	21.28	6.57	8.56
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	11.00	12.11	2.91	4.16
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.91	4.69	0.71	1.25
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.44	2.10	0.34	0.58
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

CONNECTICUT

Table 24B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Connecticut; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.36	3.60	4.73	4.38	4.43
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.20	11.13	36.39	18.64	21.07
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.52	65.65	85.69	77.31	79.14
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.56	32.94	20.33	22.05
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

DELAWARE

Table 25A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Delaware; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	135	6	29	99	128
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	172	8	37	128	164
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	122	5	27	90	117
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	162	13	9	139	148
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	10	3	4	3	7
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	29	1	5	23	28
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	17	0	4	13	17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	576	35	57	485	541
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	5	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	715	40	75	600	675
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	23	1	10	12	22
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	6	0	0	6	6
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	27	1	4	22	26
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	29	1	4	24	27
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	444	5	51	387	439
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	183	2	30	150	180
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	373	31	36	306	342
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	17	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	45	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	163	1	15	146	162
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	135	1	11	124	134
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	611	45	64	502	566
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	155	7	29	119	148
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	99	2	18	79	97
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	78	7	18	54	72
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	15	1	1	13	14
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	18	1	2	16	17
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	34	131	165
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12	31	42
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	15	20	46	66
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	10	13	24	37
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5	5	7	12
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3	2	3	5
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

DELAWARE

Table 25B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Delaware; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	36	3	5	28	33
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	178	10	30	138	168
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	135	5	25	104	129
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	24	29	153	181
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

DELAWARE

Table 26A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Delaware; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	15.61	8.77	30.45	14.30	16.24
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	19.99	10.77	38.92	18.38	20.85
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.13	6.46	28.36	13.00	14.84
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.71	18.16	9.39	20.05	18.77
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.24	4.14	8.37	1.00	1.90
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.42	1.88	5.62	3.28	3.56
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.01	0.21	4.18	1.91	2.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.80	48.21	59.94	69.70	68.52
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.48	0.71	0.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.93	54.90	79.37	86.33	85.50
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.65	1.25	10.31	1.76	2.78
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.70	0.10	0.38	0.81	0.76
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.16	1.70	3.90	3.21	3.29
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.33	1.69	3.72	3.45	3.48
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	51.42	6.82	54.40	55.73	55.58
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.16	3.15	32.17	21.57	22.84
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.24	41.91	38.10	44.08	43.36
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.58	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.96	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	41.73	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.89	1.92	16.34	21.04	20.48
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	15.69	1.35	11.50	17.78	17.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.84	61.76	68.02	72.18	71.69
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.98	9.09	30.73	17.19	18.81
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.48	3.16	19.13	11.32	12.26
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.23	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.05	8.85	19.17	7.70	9.07
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.76	1.17	1.31	1.88	1.81
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.12	1.19	1.61	2.29	2.21
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36.14	18.87	20.93
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.45	4.39	5.35
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.55	21.02	6.68	8.39
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.06	14.14	3.47	4.75
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.40	5.63	1.03	1.58
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.91	2.32	0.43	0.65
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

DELAWARE

Table 26B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Delaware; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.15	4.20	4.70	4.06	4.14
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.47	14.22	31.01	19.68	21.05
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.49	62.33	84.53	78.16	79.32
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.92	29.84	21.77	22.75
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 27A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the District of Columbia; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	126	3	30	93	123
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	183	4	41	139	180
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	120	2	28	90	118
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	81	7	6	68	74
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	7	1	3	2	5
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	27	1	4	22	27
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	15	0	3	12	15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	310	17	40	253	293
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	449	19	60	369	429
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	30	0	7	22	29
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	2	0	0	2	2
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	16	1	3	13	15
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	19	1	2	16	18
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	359	3	53	303	356
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	186	1	36	149	185
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	243	15	28	199	227
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	10	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	91	1	17	73	90
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	73	0	9	63	72
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	429	21	54	354	408
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	134	4	28	102	130
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	99	1	16	81	98
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	3	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	71	3	18	51	68
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	9	0	1	7	8
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	11	0	1	10	11
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	30	113	143
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	8	27	34
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	5	14	42	57
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	4	10	18	28
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	3	3	5	8
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	1	2	2	4
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 27B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the District of Columbia; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	43	1	3	38	42
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	166	4	32	130	162
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	126	*	26	98	124
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	11	25	136	161
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 28A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the District of Columbia; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	22.10	8.66	38.82	20.27	22.96
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	32.09	10.76	52.76	30.16	33.44
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	20.90	5.88	35.49	19.55	21.86
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14.13	19.74	7.91	14.79	13.79
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.40	4.94	11.81	1.59	3.16
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	4.77	2.12	5.46	4.85	4.94
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.63	0.09	4.31	2.54	2.79
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	54.25	51.09	51.02	55.02	54.44
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.10	0.59	0.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	78.52	56.04	76.70	80.46	79.91
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	5.19	0.83	9.43	4.80	5.47
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.39	0.16	0.40	0.40	0.40
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.83	2.74	3.30	2.76	2.84
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.30	2.72	3.02	3.40	3.34
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	62.74	7.42	67.99	65.96	66.25
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	32.55	4.23	46.04	32.35	34.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.44	44.18	35.84	43.43	42.33
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	19.18	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10.07	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.74	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	15.97	2.88	21.88	15.95	16.81
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	12.74	1.46	11.57	13.79	13.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	75.01	60.90	68.90	77.09	75.89
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	23.40	10.34	35.72	22.27	24.22
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	17.32	3.37	20.92	17.74	18.20
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.75	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	12.40	7.76	22.66	11.00	12.70
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.50	1.02	1.01	1.61	1.53
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.93	1.01	1.00	2.16	1.99
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.96	24.70	26.63
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.01	5.79	6.41
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	16.02	17.96	9.25	10.52
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	10.68	12.62	4.00	5.25
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.67	3.62	1.03	1.41
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.31	2.77	0.40	0.74
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 28B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in the District of Columbia; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	7.44	3.14	4.18	8.33	7.72
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	28.94	12.46	39.72	28.31	30.00
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	74.84	*	88.81	72.18	75.02
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.53	31.83	29.62	29.94
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

FLORIDA

Table 29A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Florida; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	2,512	101	495	1,916	2,411
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	3,261	157	674	2,430	3,104
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	2,296	91	473	1,733	2,206
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	5,109	344	260	4,505	4,764
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	202	64	81	57	137
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	438	27	65	346	411
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	271	2	55	214	269
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	13,616	783	1,280	11,553	12,833
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	3	39	42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	16,227	875	1,568	13,784	15,352
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	333	22	110	200	310
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	100	1	4	94	98
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	503	29	65	409	474
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	508	29	66	413	480
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	9,379	98	933	8,348	9,281
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	3,829	43	515	3,271	3,786
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	9,004	676	833	7,495	8,327
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	334	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	164	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	1,051	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	3,211	27	273	2,911	3,184
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	2,622	12	164	2,446	2,610
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	13,710	964	1,309	11,437	12,746
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	2,790	124	514	2,151	2,665
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	1,752	48	278	1,427	1,704
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	129	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	1,447	109	335	1,003	1,338
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	333	19	24	290	314
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	343	19	25	299	324
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	701	2,862	3,563
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	269	719	987
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	325	426	945	1,371
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	203	285	551	836
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	88	104	155	259
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	57	55	57	112
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

FLORIDA

Table 29B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Florida; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	860	97	92	671	763
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	3,231	196	632	2,404	3,036
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	2,434	105	517	1,812	2,329
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	439	467	2,415	2,882
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

FLORIDA

Table 30A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Florida; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	13.27	6.63	24.83	12.41	13.85
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	17.23	10.35	33.83	15.74	17.83
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	12.13	5.99	23.71	11.23	12.67
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.95	22.67	13.02	29.19	27.33
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.70	4.42	6.89	0.62	1.32
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	2.31	1.76	3.27	2.24	2.36
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.43	0.14	2.76	1.38	1.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.87	51.56	64.21	74.86	73.62
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.13	0.26	0.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.69	57.62	78.70	89.31	88.09
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	1.76	1.48	5.54	1.29	1.79
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.53	0.09	0.20	0.61	0.56
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.66	1.88	3.26	2.65	2.72
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.68	1.89	3.32	2.68	2.75
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	49.52	6.47	46.81	54.09	53.27
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.21	2.81	25.86	21.19	21.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.53	44.55	41.78	48.56	47.78
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	14.17	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.95	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	44.59	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	16.94	1.78	13.69	18.86	18.27
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	13.83	0.79	8.21	15.85	14.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.38	63.50	65.67	74.11	73.14
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	14.73	8.19	25.80	13.94	15.30
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.25	3.14	13.92	9.25	9.78
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.46	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	7.64	7.16	16.82	6.50	7.68
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.75	1.23	1.22	1.88	1.80
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.81	1.23	1.25	1.94	1.86
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35.16	18.54	20.45
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.48	4.66	5.67
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.43	21.39	6.12	7.87
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.40	14.31	3.57	4.80
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.81	5.21	1.01	1.49
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.78	2.75	0.37	0.64
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

FLORIDA

Table 30B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Florida; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.49	6.37	4.49	4.30	4.33
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	16.86	12.86	30.67	15.43	17.21
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	74.59	52.98	84.93	73.81	75.97
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	28.85	22.69	15.50	16.34
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

GEORGIA

Table 31A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Georgia; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,187	64	254	870	1,124
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,595	94	367	1,135	1,501
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,094	54	253	788	1,041
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,975	222	143	1,610	1,753
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	111	34	47	29	77
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	285	18	42	225	267
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	132	1	35	96	131
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,438	463	726	5,249	5,975
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	35	36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,527	518	896	6,113	7,008
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	222	10	68	144	212
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	73	1	4	68	72
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	273	16	33	224	257
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	294	16	31	246	278
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	4,069	63	535	3,471	4,006
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,732	28	311	1,393	1,704
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,286	413	497	3,376	3,873
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	179	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	93	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	616	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,955	24	202	1,728	1,931
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,600	11	132	1,457	1,589
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	6,023	528	702	4,793	5,496
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,470	85	267	1,118	1,385
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	863	24	161	678	839
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	65	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	839	70	183	586	769
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	161	10	14	137	151
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	175	10	15	150	165
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	382	1,454	1,836
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	128	347	475
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	159	205	460	665
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	113	153	257	410
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	58	63	63	126
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	38	32	30	61
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

GEORGIA

Table 31B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Georgia; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	345	47	44	255	298
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,663	115	279	1,270	1,548
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,314	69	244	1,001	1,245
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	272	275	1,306	1,581
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

GEORGIA

Table 32A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Georgia; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	13.10	6.99	22.25	12.41	13.78
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	17.59	10.28	32.12	16.18	18.41
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	12.07	5.87	22.13	11.24	12.76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.79	24.30	12.56	22.96	21.50
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.16	4.08	7.73	0.80	1.79
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.15	1.97	3.70	3.21	3.28
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.46	0.13	3.03	1.37	1.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.05	50.79	63.59	74.87	73.29
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.13	0.49	0.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.09	56.86	78.43	87.19	85.96
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.45	1.12	5.93	2.05	2.59
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.81	0.13	0.37	0.97	0.88
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.01	1.77	2.89	3.19	3.15
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.24	1.78	2.74	3.51	3.40
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	44.89	6.91	46.87	49.51	49.14
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	19.11	3.04	27.24	19.87	20.90
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.28	45.29	43.52	48.15	47.50
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.22	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.84	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	45.42	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	21.57	2.65	17.73	24.65	23.69
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.66	1.24	11.58	20.78	19.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.45	57.88	61.49	68.37	67.41
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16.21	9.29	23.39	15.95	16.99
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.52	2.58	14.08	9.67	10.29
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4.77	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.26	7.66	16.04	8.36	9.43
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.78	1.12	1.25	1.95	1.85
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.93	1.14	1.28	2.15	2.02
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	33.42	20.75	22.52
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.20	4.95	5.82
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	17.39	17.94	6.56	8.15
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.34	13.38	3.66	5.02
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.39	5.53	0.90	1.55
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.12	2.76	0.42	0.75
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

GEORGIA

Table 32B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Georgia; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	3.78	5.12	3.75	3.61	3.63
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	18.23	12.65	23.92	18.01	18.84
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.79	58.28	84.46	79.42	80.36
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	29.93	23.58	18.52	19.24
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

HAWAII

Table 33A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Hawaii; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	173	8	31	133	165
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	217	11	42	164	206
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	142	9	28	105	134
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	272	18	14	240	254
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	14	4	5	5	10
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	38	2	6	30	36
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	22	0	6	16	22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	775	44	63	669	731
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	5	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	937	47	83	807	890
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	39	1	13	24	37
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	11	0	1	10	11
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	33	2	5	27	31
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	33	2	5	27	32
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	533	6	58	469	527
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	246	4	34	207	242
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	543	43	46	455	500
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	18	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	60	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	167	2	17	147	164
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	136	1	17	117	135
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	837	57	70	709	780
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	187	9	27	151	178
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	117	3	17	96	113
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	87	7	17	64	81
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	17	1	2	15	16
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	21	1	2	18	20
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	44	190	234
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13	49	62
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	17	20	58	78
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14	16	34	50
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5	4	7	11
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3	3	3	6
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

HAWAII

Table 33B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Hawaii; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	44	4	3	37	40
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	211	9	31	171	201
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	156	*	27	124	151
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	23	27	159	185
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

HAWAII

Table 34A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Hawaii; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	14.59	8.18	26.27	13.77	15.17
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	18.36	11.78	35.54	16.87	18.95
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	12.03	9.10	23.74	10.85	12.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.87	18.33	11.84	24.72	23.28
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.50	5.20	7.87	1.29	2.09
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.24	1.96	5.31	3.11	3.36
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.90	0.11	4.91	1.70	2.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.31	44.91	52.48	68.96	67.12
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.29	0.49	0.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	79.03	48.82	69.49	83.20	81.68
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.28	1.34	11.17	2.49	3.45
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.91	0.05	0.66	1.03	0.99
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.79	2.00	3.88	2.73	2.86
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.83	2.00	4.22	2.74	2.90
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	44.95	6.17	48.60	48.38	48.42
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.73	3.98	28.90	21.40	22.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.76	43.76	38.23	46.89	45.94
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.99	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.44	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	43.45	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	14.05	2.43	14.63	15.16	15.10
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	11.46	1.17	14.60	12.11	12.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.54	58.76	59.03	73.15	71.59
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	15.79	9.44	22.92	15.53	16.35
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.83	3.50	14.60	9.87	10.39
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.14	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	7.37	6.93	14.24	6.56	7.42
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.45	1.13	1.26	1.51	1.48
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.74	1.11	1.31	1.86	1.79
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36.56	19.59	21.47
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.95	5.09	5.74
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	17.15	16.76	6.03	7.21
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.04	13.84	3.49	4.64
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.60	3.33	0.77	1.05
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.47	2.15	0.31	0.51
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

HAWAII

Table 34B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Hawaii; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	3.68	3.94	2.15	3.84	3.65
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	17.74	9.79	25.30	17.59	18.45
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	77.47	*	90.09	76.38	78.52
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	23.79	21.98	16.36	16.99
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

IDAHO

Table 35A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Idaho; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	202	12	48	142	190
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	281	20	70	191	261
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	184	10	44	129	174
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	309	37	20	253	273
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	21	6	9	6	15
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	56	3	7	46	53
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	25	0	8	17	25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,006	78	118	810	927
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	5	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,285	92	165	1,028	1,193
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	58	4	18	36	54
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	14	0	1	13	14
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	49	4	5	40	46
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	48	4	6	38	44
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	708	12	105	591	695
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	337	6	59	272	330
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	667	68	74	525	599
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	19	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	93	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	293	5	44	244	288
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	227	4	33	191	224
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,076	108	122	845	967
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	277	17	61	200	260
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	176	6	39	131	170
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	14	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	146	12	39	95	133
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	31	2	3	27	29
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	33	2	3	28	31
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	86	316	402
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	28	67	95
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	37	48	101	149
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	25	34	62	96
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	14	13	13	26
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	9	5	6	11
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

IDAHO

Table 35B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Idaho; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	89	8	14	67	81
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	319	22	66	231	297
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	238	13	55	170	225
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	58	66	337	403
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

IDAHO

Table 36A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Idaho; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12.60	7.21	23.25	11.57	13.24
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	17.53	11.79	33.83	15.60	18.21
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	11.48	6.13	21.57	10.54	12.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.30	21.57	9.71	20.59	19.03
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.55	4.25	9.02	0.94	2.18
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.47	1.80	3.35	3.72	3.66
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.58	0.17	3.89	1.39	1.75
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	62.78	46.11	57.29	65.98	64.73
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.37	0.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.24	54.38	80.03	83.80	83.25
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.63	2.50	8.83	2.91	3.76
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.86	0.05	0.57	1.02	0.95
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.07	2.13	2.57	3.28	3.18
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.97	2.12	2.92	3.09	3.07
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	44.16	7.30	50.91	48.15	48.54
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.02	3.77	28.50	22.16	23.07
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.63	40.00	36.02	42.80	41.82
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	14.58	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.20	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	39.20	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.31	2.87	21.60	19.89	20.14
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	14.20	2.29	15.85	15.56	15.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.12	63.70	59.41	68.88	67.52
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.29	9.86	29.54	16.27	18.17
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.98	3.41	18.88	10.71	11.88
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.92	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.09	7.22	18.84	7.72	9.32
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.94	1.04	1.25	2.18	2.05
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.05	1.02	1.39	2.30	2.17
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	41.65	25.74	28.02
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.45	5.50	6.64
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.50	23.21	8.23	10.38
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.89	16.64	5.01	6.68
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	8.11	6.37	1.04	1.81
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	5.07	2.47	0.51	0.79
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

IDAHO

Table 36B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Idaho; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.51	4.87	6.52	5.42	5.59
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.68	13.22	30.19	18.72	20.43
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.90	60.62	80.96	71.64	73.74
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	34.10	30.39	27.27	27.73
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ILLINOIS

Table 37A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Illinois; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,845	76	336	1,433	1,769
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	2,390	116	477	1,797	2,274
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,724	64	335	1,326	1,661
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,939	189	145	1,606	1,751
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	131	37	51	44	95
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	354	17	51	286	337
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	213	2	49	162	211
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,927	488	769	5,669	6,439
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	49	51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	8,709	553	1,012	7,144	8,156
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	288	12	87	188	275
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	100	1	8	91	99
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	315	20	37	258	295
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	351	19	37	295	332
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	5,449	86	680	4,684	5,363
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	2,483	47	408	2,028	2,436
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,540	401	495	3,645	4,139
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	249	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	142	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	597	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	2,061	31	201	1,829	2,031
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,640	16	138	1,486	1,624
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	7,311	624	872	5,814	6,687
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,826	93	316	1,416	1,733
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	1,090	35	180	876	1,056
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	79	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	952	74	205	673	878
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	193	9	14	170	183
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	202	10	15	178	192
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	421	1,714	2,136
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	127	367	494
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	202	210	547	756
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	132	171	340	511
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	68	55	62	117
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	38	30	29	59
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ILLINOIS

Table 37B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Illinois; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	357	48	61	248	309
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	2,112	112	368	1,632	2,000
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,686	62	293	1,331	1,624
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	292	335	1,831	2,166
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

ILLINOIS

Table 38A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Illinois; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	17.24	7.62	25.99	17.04	18.23
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	22.34	11.67	36.88	21.37	23.44
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	16.12	6.38	25.94	15.76	17.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.12	18.91	11.20	19.10	18.04
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.30	4.27	7.75	1.01	1.94
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.31	1.70	3.98	3.40	3.47
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.99	0.16	3.80	1.93	2.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.75	48.92	59.55	67.41	66.36
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.16	0.59	0.53
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.44	55.43	78.33	84.95	84.06
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.69	1.22	6.76	2.24	2.84
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.93	0.10	0.61	1.08	1.02
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.94	1.96	2.84	3.07	3.04
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.28	1.95	2.87	3.50	3.42
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	50.93	8.61	52.61	55.69	55.28
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.21	4.70	31.57	24.12	25.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.43	40.15	38.29	43.34	42.66
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.44	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9.39	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	39.47	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	19.27	3.07	15.57	21.75	20.93
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	15.33	1.64	10.68	17.67	16.74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.33	62.56	67.51	69.14	68.92
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.06	9.33	24.48	16.84	17.86
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.19	3.49	13.91	10.42	10.88
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.22	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.90	7.42	15.90	8.00	9.05
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.80	0.93	1.07	2.02	1.89
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.89	0.96	1.14	2.11	1.98
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	32.63	20.38	22.01
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	9.79	4.37	5.09
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.21	16.22	6.50	7.79
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.21	13.22	4.04	5.26
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.83	4.29	0.73	1.21
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.77	2.31	0.35	0.61
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

ILLINOIS

Table 38B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Illinois; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	3.34	4.89	4.65	2.96	3.19
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.76	11.34	28.12	19.45	20.62
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	82.42	55.82	82.56	84.28	83.99
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	29.63	25.61	21.82	22.33
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

INDIANA

Table 39A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Indiana; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	758	37	190	531	721
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,064	58	280	726	1,006
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	704	29	190	485	675
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,179	130	77	972	1,049
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	76	21	35	20	55
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	181	10	30	142	171
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	79	1	21	58	78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,930	279	453	3,199	3,652
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	22	23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,703	317	595	3,790	4,386
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	153	8	59	87	145
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	71	1	5	65	70
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	184	10	28	145	174
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	195	10	30	155	185
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,657	35	373	2,249	2,622
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,180	18	218	944	1,162
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,282	222	258	1,802	2,060
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	104	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	59	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	314	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,349	14	152	1,183	1,335
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,123	10	111	1,003	1,113
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,699	353	458	2,889	3,347
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,032	49	212	772	983
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	574	15	102	457	559
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	40	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	580	37	156	387	543
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	110	5	9	96	105
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	119	5	9	104	113
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	293	967	1,260
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	95	234	329
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	114	152	322	474
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	74	113	174	287
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	37	53	42	96
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	20	22	18	39
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

INDIANA

Table 39B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Indiana; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	308	28	43	236	280
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,063	66	215	782	997
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	726	38	173	515	688
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	180	235	1,045	1,280
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

INDIANA

Table 40A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Indiana; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	13.26	6.58	25.49	12.05	13.98
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	18.63	10.49	37.50	16.47	19.51
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	12.32	5.25	25.46	11.00	13.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.65	23.35	10.27	22.06	20.35
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.28	3.98	8.88	0.82	1.96
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.16	1.73	3.96	3.21	3.32
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.39	0.15	2.75	1.31	1.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.84	49.99	60.64	72.59	70.86
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.23	0.49	0.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.39	56.85	79.78	86.01	85.10
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.68	1.43	7.86	1.97	2.82
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.24	0.11	0.69	1.48	1.36
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.21	1.75	3.82	3.30	3.37
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.42	1.73	4.03	3.53	3.60
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	46.52	6.34	50.00	51.02	50.87
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.66	3.22	29.18	21.43	22.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.95	39.83	34.52	40.89	39.96
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.89	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.33	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	39.05	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	23.63	2.56	20.42	26.83	25.91
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	19.67	1.72	14.82	22.76	21.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.78	63.24	61.33	65.56	64.94
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.07	8.78	28.35	17.51	19.08
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.05	2.74	13.70	10.36	10.84
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4.92	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	10.16	6.63	20.90	8.79	10.54
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.92	0.94	1.22	2.17	2.03
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.08	0.97	1.26	2.36	2.20
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.27	21.93	24.44
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.78	5.31	6.39
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.44	20.38	7.30	9.19
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.34	15.09	3.95	5.56
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.71	7.16	0.96	1.86
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.59	2.90	0.40	0.77
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

INDIANA

Table 40B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Indiana; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.38	5.12	5.71	5.35	5.41
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	18.56	11.92	28.37	17.71	19.27
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	70.64	57.81	80.78	68.99	71.49
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	32.43	31.04	23.65	24.73
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

IOWA

Table 41A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Iowa; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	358	17	80	261	341
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	486	28	123	335	458
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	314	15	73	226	300
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	467	49	34	383	417
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	38	10	19	9	28
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	96	5	14	76	90
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	38	0	12	26	38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,728	117	201	1,411	1,611
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	7	7
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,133	137	269	1,727	1,996
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	81	5	28	49	77
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	34	0	4	30	34
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	71	4	9	58	67
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	79	4	9	65	75
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,447	26	211	1,210	1,422
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	636	12	119	505	624
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	975	95	112	769	881
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	80	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	45	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	138	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	575	8	63	504	567
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	461	5	47	410	456
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,722	166	216	1,340	1,556
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	498	28	108	361	469
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	294	10	63	221	284
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	28	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	273	19	63	191	254
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	59	2	3	53	57
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	57	2	4	51	55
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	130	519	649
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	42	129	171
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	54	73	170	244
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	36	49	85	134
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	18	20	18	38
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	9	8	9	17
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

IOWA

Table 41B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Iowa; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	141	11	23	107	130
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	516	25	109	382	490
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	371	*	91	265	356
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	77	123	532	655
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

IOWA

Table 42A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Iowa; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	13.32	6.69	22.30	12.60	14.03
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	18.09	10.90	34.27	16.20	18.86
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	11.68	5.63	20.45	10.93	12.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.37	19.07	9.45	18.53	17.19
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.31	4.21	8.57	0.76	1.97
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.56	2.06	3.99	3.68	3.72
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.41	0.16	3.27	1.25	1.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.34	45.07	55.86	68.19	66.37
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.20	0.33	0.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	79.43	52.99	75.01	83.45	82.20
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.02	1.77	7.77	2.36	3.16
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.27	0.10	1.13	1.44	1.40
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.66	1.71	2.49	2.81	2.76
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.94	1.69	2.63	3.16	3.08
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	53.86	9.98	58.88	58.49	58.54
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.68	4.61	33.16	24.42	25.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	36.29	36.57	31.16	37.15	36.26
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	19.82	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	11.05	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	34.22	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	21.41	3.26	17.52	24.35	23.34
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.15	1.78	12.99	19.79	18.79
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.09	64.27	60.06	64.77	64.07
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.51	10.95	30.10	17.46	19.32
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.95	3.91	17.63	10.67	11.70
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.90	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	10.15	7.39	17.58	9.21	10.45
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.19	0.85	0.93	2.58	2.34
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.12	0.85	0.98	2.47	2.25
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36.12	25.08	26.71
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.76	6.25	7.06
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.88	20.34	8.24	10.03
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.80	13.65	4.10	5.51
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.80	5.57	0.85	1.55
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.48	2.17	0.44	0.70
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

IOWA

Table 42B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Iowa; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.23	4.30	6.27	5.16	5.32
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.15	9.78	29.71	18.45	20.14
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.55	*	80.54	71.08	73.30
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.05	33.60	25.72	26.90
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

KANSAS

Table 43A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kansas; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	328	17	77	234	311
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	452	26	116	310	427
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	296	14	71	210	281
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	462	49	31	382	413
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	34	9	15	10	25
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	78	4	13	60	73
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	33	0	11	21	33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,620	120	183	1,317	1,500
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	5	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,958	136	248	1,573	1,822
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	70	5	26	40	66
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	21	0	2	19	21
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	79	5	11	63	74
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	77	5	11	61	72
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,237	21	184	1,033	1,216
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	568	10	110	448	558
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	967	95	111	761	872
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	59	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	37	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	136	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	535	7	58	471	528
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	428	5	39	384	423
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,577	155	194	1,228	1,422
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	408	22	95	291	386
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	257	7	60	189	249
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	222	16	56	149	205
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	56	3	4	49	53
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	53	3	4	47	51
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	118	414	532
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	38	105	143
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	50	66	142	208
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	32	42	74	116
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	17	16	19	35
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	9	7	9	16
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

KANSAS

Table 43B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kansas; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	134	13	21	100	121
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	459	30	102	327	429
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	316	17	84	214	299
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	76	101	508	608
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

KANSAS

Table 44A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kansas; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	13.52	7.05	23.57	12.63	14.25
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	18.62	10.37	35.77	16.72	19.55
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	12.17	5.81	21.88	11.33	12.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.04	19.77	9.59	20.60	18.96
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.46	3.77	8.58	1.01	2.19
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.20	1.80	4.07	3.23	3.35
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.36	0.16	3.45	1.15	1.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.76	48.47	56.37	70.98	68.81
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.17	0.25	0.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.70	55.22	76.25	84.81	83.54
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.90	1.89	8.01	2.14	3.02
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.88	0.11	0.74	1.01	0.97
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.23	1.90	3.31	3.40	3.39
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.17	1.89	3.43	3.29	3.31
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	50.94	8.34	56.44	55.67	55.77
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.39	3.92	33.80	24.16	25.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.83	38.38	34.16	41.02	40.00
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.40	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10.24	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	37.90	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	22.06	2.85	17.70	25.37	24.23
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.62	1.86	12.12	20.67	19.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.98	62.94	59.75	66.17	65.21
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16.79	8.81	29.31	15.66	17.69
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.58	3.01	18.46	10.20	11.43
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.80	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.13	6.54	17.27	8.05	9.42
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.30	1.08	1.12	2.67	2.44
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.20	1.08	1.19	2.53	2.33
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36.31	22.33	24.41
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.82	5.66	6.58
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.34	20.16	7.68	9.54
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.09	12.96	3.97	5.31
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.71	4.85	1.05	1.61
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.70	2.26	0.46	0.73
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

KANSAS

Table 44B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kansas; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.50	5.20	6.39	5.38	5.53
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	18.86	12.31	30.61	17.63	19.60
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	70.65	58.14	80.35	68.64	71.54
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.00	30.26	27.37	27.80
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

KENTUCKY

Table 45A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kentucky; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	469	23	95	351	446
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	611	32	145	434	579
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	394	16	90	288	378
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	842	86	53	702	755
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	45	13	20	12	32
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	136	7	20	110	129
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	60	1	12	48	60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,616	188	292	2,136	2,428
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	33	34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,168	209	377	2,582	2,958
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	99	5	33	61	94
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	63	0	5	58	63
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	136	6	17	113	130
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	152	6	17	130	146
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,469	21	202	1,247	1,448
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	722	11	126	585	711
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,482	126	152	1,204	1,356
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	66	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	39	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	183	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,070	11	97	962	1,059
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	861	6	76	778	855
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,343	221	259	1,863	2,122
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	625	30	118	478	596
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	339	11	64	264	329
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	27	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	398	24	83	292	375
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	135	3	7	125	131
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	145	3	7	135	142
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	146	667	813
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	50	192	242
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	69	88	244	332
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	46	53	132	185
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	25	26	35	61
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	13	11	14	25
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

KENTUCKY

Table 45B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kentucky; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	234	17	26	190	217
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	766	43	123	601	723
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	523	*	99	401	500
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	117	138	741	879
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

KENTUCKY

Table 46A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kentucky; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12.43	6.42	20.70	11.86	13.05
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	16.17	9.00	31.45	14.66	16.92
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	10.43	4.54	19.63	9.71	11.04
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.29	24.36	11.56	23.72	22.08
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.95	3.73	7.22	0.73	1.64
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.61	1.92	4.30	3.70	3.78
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.60	0.14	2.60	1.62	1.75
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.33	53.13	63.54	72.14	70.98
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.26	1.12	1.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.97	59.15	81.95	87.19	86.48
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.62	1.43	7.12	2.06	2.74
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.67	0.09	0.99	1.97	1.84
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.59	1.72	3.63	3.81	3.79
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	4.03	1.68	3.64	4.37	4.28
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	38.93	5.87	43.96	42.10	42.35
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	19.12	3.07	27.33	19.77	20.78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.27	35.66	33.04	40.67	39.64
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.78	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.58	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35.38	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	28.35	3.10	21.04	32.50	30.96
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	22.81	1.77	16.60	26.29	24.99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	62.09	62.51	56.46	62.91	62.04
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16.56	8.40	25.61	16.14	17.41
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	8.98	2.97	13.99	8.93	9.61
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.24	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	10.56	6.67	18.06	9.86	10.96
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	3.56	0.99	1.43	4.20	3.83
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	3.85	0.98	1.51	4.55	4.15
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	31.83	22.52	23.77
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.94	6.48	7.08
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.50	19.17	8.25	9.71
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.94	11.52	4.46	5.41
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.08	5.68	1.17	1.78
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.57	2.44	0.48	0.74
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

KENTUCKY

Table 46B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Kentucky; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	6.18	4.74	5.73	6.43	6.33
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.29	12.15	26.59	20.28	21.13
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	69.00	*	79.62	67.44	69.57
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	33.33	29.92	25.02	25.68
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

LOUISIANA

Table 47A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Louisiana; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	575	28	110	437	547
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	755	48	161	546	707
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	500	25	109	367	476
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	905	100	62	743	805
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	48	16	20	11	31
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	149	8	18	123	141
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	78	1	14	62	77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,690	205	303	2,182	2,485
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	25	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,189	220	367	2,602	2,969
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	119	5	34	80	114
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	62	1	2	59	61
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	154	7	19	128	147
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	164	7	18	139	157
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,743	26	222	1,496	1,718
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	932	14	133	785	918
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,744	163	184	1,397	1,581
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	87	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	52	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	242	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,023	10	74	938	1,013
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	825	5	57	764	820
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,549	230	311	2,008	2,319
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	760	50	120	591	710
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	411	14	69	328	397
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	34	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	473	37	86	350	436
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	125	5	7	113	120
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	141	5	7	129	136
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	145	693	838
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	47	168	215
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	74	68	195	263
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	49	58	132	190
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	25	25	34	58
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	15	11	16	27
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

LOUISIANA

Table 47B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Louisiana; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	198	22	26	150	176
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	865	55	128	682	810
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	646	31	102	513	615
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	115	113	668	781
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

LOUISIANA

Table 48A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Louisiana; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	15.07	7.48	23.88	14.66	15.89
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	19.80	13.01	34.79	18.32	20.54
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	13.11	6.59	23.53	12.31	13.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.73	26.96	13.46	24.93	23.38
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.19	5.09	7.35	0.70	1.66
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.90	2.04	3.93	4.13	4.10
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.03	0.18	3.11	2.10	2.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.53	55.16	65.47	73.21	72.16
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.19	0.86	0.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.65	59.31	79.25	87.32	86.23
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.12	1.30	7.45	2.67	3.31
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.62	0.15	0.49	1.98	1.78
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	4.04	1.96	4.03	4.30	4.26
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	4.30	1.93	3.79	4.68	4.56
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	45.70	6.94	48.00	50.18	49.89
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	24.44	3.77	28.83	26.34	26.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.72	43.97	39.78	46.87	45.91
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.68	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9.39	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	43.84	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	26.83	2.80	16.10	31.49	29.42
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	21.63	1.32	12.23	25.62	23.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.82	61.92	67.30	67.36	67.35
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	19.92	13.40	25.83	19.81	20.62
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.76	3.71	14.88	11.01	11.53
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.07	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	12.39	9.91	18.68	11.73	12.66
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	3.27	1.30	1.50	3.79	3.48
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	3.69	1.30	1.54	4.33	3.95
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	31.29	23.26	24.34
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.26	5.62	6.24
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.91	14.71	6.54	7.64
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.20	12.55	4.41	5.51
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.75	5.32	1.12	1.69
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.99	2.33	0.55	0.79
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

LOUISIANA

Table 48B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Louisiana; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.19	5.98	5.43	5.06	5.11
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	22.72	14.91	27.11	23.00	23.56
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	75.71	55.65	78.27	76.91	77.15
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.15	24.01	22.51	22.72
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MAINE

Table 49A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maine; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	265	7	43	215	258
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	314	11	58	245	303
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	253	7	41	204	246
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	168	15	7	147	154
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	15	4	6	5	11
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	39	2	5	32	38
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	25	0	5	19	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	781	45	68	668	736
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	8	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	992	49	97	845	942
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	37	2	11	24	35
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	13	0	1	12	13
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	27	1	3	23	26
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	34	1	3	29	32
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	602	7	70	525	595
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	236	3	40	193	233
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	456	34	40	381	421
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	12	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	49	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	246	2	28	216	244
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	214	1	20	193	212
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	808	62	75	671	745
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	217	8	39	170	209
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	127	3	22	102	124
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	124	7	28	90	117
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	22	1	1	20	21
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	27	1	1	24	26
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	44	225	268
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13	48	61
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18	23	75	98
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12	15	35	51
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6	6	9	15
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4	3	4	7
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MAINE

Table 49B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maine; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	72	4	6	62	69
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	242	10	45	187	232
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	171	*	39	126	165
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	30	45	256	300
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MAINE

Table 50A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maine; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	22.01	8.13	35.03	21.66	23.15
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	26.06	12.11	47.54	24.67	27.21
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	20.95	7.39	33.72	20.61	22.07
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	13.94	15.99	5.44	14.83	13.78
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.03	4.28	12.58	1.47	2.79
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.27	1.84	4.37	3.26	3.38
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.04	0.17	4.35	1.92	2.19
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.75	49.23	55.45	67.34	66.01
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.49	0.77	0.74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.23	53.72	79.04	85.21	84.53
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.06	1.91	9.31	2.38	3.15
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.05	0.08	0.88	1.17	1.13
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.24	1.55	2.19	2.32	2.30
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.80	1.56	2.65	2.94	2.91
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	49.89	7.10	56.88	52.96	53.41
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	19.53	3.22	32.18	19.47	20.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.76	37.59	32.26	38.46	37.77
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.55	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.96	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35.53	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	20.38	2.08	22.48	21.82	21.89
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.69	1.58	15.93	19.42	19.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.95	67.79	60.77	67.62	66.87
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.03	8.66	31.76	17.19	18.80
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.51	3.39	17.53	10.30	11.10
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.31	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	10.28	7.16	22.69	9.03	10.54
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.83	0.82	1.01	2.03	1.92
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.21	0.84	1.16	2.46	2.32
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35.42	22.66	24.07
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.68	4.84	5.48
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.93	18.71	7.56	8.79
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.34	12.48	3.57	4.56
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.06	4.84	0.88	1.31
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.88	2.61	0.40	0.64
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MAINE

Table 50B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maine; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.97	4.19	4.98	6.26	6.11
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.92	10.93	36.08	18.72	20.66
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	70.26	*	86.72	66.68	70.55
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	33.38	35.91	25.63	26.79
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MARYLAND

Table 51A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maryland; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	824	36	171	617	787
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,020	46	233	741	974
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	733	28	167	538	704
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,087	98	64	925	989
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	66	20	27	19	46
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	193	9	27	157	184
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	99	1	24	74	98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,403	227	347	2,829	3,176
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	37	38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,259	262	456	3,541	3,996
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	140	6	47	88	134
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	21	0	2	19	21
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	186	14	22	150	172
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	213	13	21	179	200
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,547	28	301	2,218	2,519
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,053	14	177	862	1,039
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,332	206	236	1,890	2,125
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	89	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	48	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	294	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	863	10	92	761	853
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	722	6	70	646	716
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,733	296	390	3,047	3,437
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	876	39	169	668	837
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	541	14	99	429	528
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	39	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	503	35	118	350	468
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	102	6	6	89	96
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	124	6	6	111	118
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	224	832	1,056
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	72	182	254
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	105	135	264	399
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	63	86	122	208
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	37	29	32	61
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	18	18	13	31
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MARYLAND

Table 51B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maryland; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	190	17	25	149	173
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	925	56	170	698	869
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	724	33	145	546	691
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	142	195	826	1,021
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MARYLAND

Table 52A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maryland; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	15.86	7.68	28.88	14.93	16.68
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	19.64	9.65	39.48	17.94	20.64
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.11	5.93	28.20	13.02	14.93
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.91	20.58	10.80	22.40	20.94
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.25	4.38	8.68	0.88	1.87
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.71	1.87	4.50	3.81	3.89
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.90	0.12	4.04	1.80	2.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.51	47.79	58.72	68.51	67.27
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.26	0.89	0.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.01	55.15	77.13	85.74	84.66
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.69	1.16	7.88	2.12	2.84
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.41	0.08	0.28	0.46	0.44
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.57	2.84	3.70	3.64	3.65
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	4.10	2.79	3.47	4.34	4.23
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	49.02	5.87	50.86	53.72	53.36
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.26	2.98	29.94	20.87	22.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.88	43.39	39.90	45.76	45.03
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.02	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.07	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.93	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	16.61	2.00	15.64	18.43	18.08
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	13.90	1.24	11.88	15.65	15.17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.86	62.35	66.07	73.78	72.82
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16.87	8.31	28.60	16.17	17.73
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.42	2.85	16.74	10.38	11.18
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.64	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.69	7.34	20.03	8.48	9.93
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.96	1.28	1.08	2.16	2.03
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.38	1.29	1.09	2.70	2.49
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.94	20.14	22.37
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.21	4.41	5.38
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	22.17	22.80	6.40	8.46
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.32	14.59	2.96	4.41
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.70	4.93	0.77	1.29
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.74	3.06	0.32	0.66
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MARYLAND

Table 52B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Maryland; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	3.65	3.49	4.13	3.60	3.66
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	17.77	11.78	28.65	16.89	18.37
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	79.26	65.98	85.75	78.61	80.01
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	29.87	32.81	19.96	21.58
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 53A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Massachusetts; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,259	49	274	936	1,210
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,721	63	378	1,280	1,658
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,195	37	261	897	1,158
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	889	81	61	747	808
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	101	20	44	37	81
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	227	9	43	175	218
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	147	1	39	107	146
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,751	236	418	3,097	3,515
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	44	46
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,908	273	609	4,026	4,635
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	179	5	63	111	174
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	31	0	3	27	31
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	165	8	21	137	157
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	197	8	22	167	189
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	3,238	39	482	2,717	3,199
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,403	20	291	1,092	1,383
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,478	166	286	2,027	2,313
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	194	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	96	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	285	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	946	16	109	821	930
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	737	7	74	656	730
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,403	323	533	3,547	4,080
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,108	39	234	834	1,068
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	700	16	139	544	684
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	56	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	580	42	152	386	538
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	96	4	7	85	92
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	125	4	7	114	121
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	275	1,018	1,292
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	96	233	330
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	93	141	335	476
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	59	99	144	243
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	31	33	33	66
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	14	16	15	31
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 53B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Massachusetts; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	321	13	36	271	308
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,232	45	265	922	1,187
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	906	33	218	655	873
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	150	238	1,115	1,353
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 54A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Massachusetts; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	20.77	10.02	35.15	19.52	21.71
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	28.40	12.97	48.37	26.71	29.74
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	19.71	7.59	33.44	18.71	20.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14.67	16.70	7.78	15.59	14.49
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.57	4.75	12.66	1.76	3.35
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.74	1.86	5.50	3.64	3.90
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.42	0.20	4.97	2.23	2.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	61.92	48.75	53.55	64.60	63.05
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.26	0.92	0.83
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.05	56.34	77.94	84.00	83.15
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.96	1.04	8.13	2.31	3.12
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.51	0.08	0.40	0.57	0.55
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.73	1.67	2.64	2.85	2.82
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.26	1.69	2.86	3.48	3.39
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	53.44	8.02	61.73	56.68	57.38
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.15	4.05	37.22	22.79	24.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.91	34.21	36.63	42.28	41.48
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	23.23	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	11.47	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	34.19	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	15.61	3.24	14.01	17.13	16.69
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	12.16	1.41	9.50	13.68	13.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.68	66.63	68.30	74.00	73.20
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.28	8.14	29.93	17.41	19.16
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.55	3.32	17.85	11.36	12.27
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.66	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.57	8.58	19.48	8.06	9.66
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.58	0.92	0.90	1.76	1.64
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.07	0.92	0.95	2.37	2.17
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35.16	21.23	23.18
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.35	4.87	5.92
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.18	18.00	6.99	8.54
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.24	12.72	3.00	4.36
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.34	4.22	0.70	1.19
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	2.89	2.01	0.32	0.55
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 54B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Massachusetts; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.28	2.71	4.62	5.65	5.50
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.31	9.48	33.71	19.20	21.24
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	73.81	72.10	86.06	70.56	73.87
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.31	30.27	23.22	24.21
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MICHIGAN

Table 55A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Michigan; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,660	62	329	1,269	1,598
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	2,196	97	465	1,634	2,099
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,589	54	319	1,216	1,535
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,265	127	84	1,053	1,138
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	120	32	53	36	89
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	253	13	40	199	240
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	127	1	29	97	126
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	5,641	383	636	4,622	5,258
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	21	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	6,935	429	811	5,695	6,506
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	261	12	87	163	249
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	53	1	5	47	52
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	226	12	29	185	214
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	242	12	30	199	230
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	4,319	53	566	3,700	4,266
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,870	26	322	1,521	1,844
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,535	303	386	2,846	3,232
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	174	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	94	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	435	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,762	18	176	1,568	1,744
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,406	10	121	1,276	1,397
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,753	493	685	4,575	5,260
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,502	62	304	1,135	1,440
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	860	22	164	674	838
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	61	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	837	50	203	584	787
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	165	6	14	145	158
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	176	6	14	155	170
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	379	1,410	1,789
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	136	321	457
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	142	210	443	653
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	90	146	278	424
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	40	57	65	122
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	23	27	28	55
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MICHIGAN

Table 55B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Michigan; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	447	34	62	352	414
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,765	77	325	1,363	1,688
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,298	48	260	991	1,251
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	227	320	1,612	1,932
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MICHIGAN

Table 56A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Michigan; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	19.35	8.17	31.12	18.77	20.44
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	25.60	12.74	44.02	24.17	26.86
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	18.52	7.05	30.13	18.00	19.64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14.74	16.68	7.99	15.58	14.55
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.01	4.73	10.85	1.26	2.67
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	2.94	1.70	3.81	2.95	3.07
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.48	0.15	2.79	1.43	1.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.77	50.21	60.17	68.39	67.27
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.32	0.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.88	56.25	76.70	84.26	83.23
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.05	1.55	8.20	2.41	3.19
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.62	0.07	0.51	0.70	0.67
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.64	1.57	2.79	2.73	2.74
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.82	1.58	2.86	2.95	2.94
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	50.35	6.96	53.57	54.74	54.58
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.80	3.42	30.47	22.51	23.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.20	39.69	36.51	42.11	41.35
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.50	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.40	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.80	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	20.54	2.38	16.62	23.20	22.31
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	16.39	1.26	11.43	18.87	17.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.07	64.65	64.81	67.69	67.30
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.50	8.12	28.78	16.80	18.42
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.02	2.85	15.54	9.97	10.72
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.42	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.76	6.60	19.18	8.64	10.07
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.92	0.83	1.28	2.14	2.03
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.05	0.84	1.36	2.30	2.17
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35.86	20.86	22.89
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.84	4.75	5.85
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18.65	19.90	6.55	8.36
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	11.85	13.81	4.11	5.42
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.29	5.40	0.96	1.56
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.04	2.54	0.41	0.70
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MICHIGAN

Table 56B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Michigan; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.22	4.44	5.80	5.21	5.29
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.57	10.20	30.40	20.17	21.57
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	74.24	59.31	80.45	73.65	74.98
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.12	29.92	23.86	24.68
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MINNESOTA

Table 57A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Minnesota; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	799	38	179	582	761
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,057	50	258	749	1,007
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	743	29	170	543	713
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	719	72	45	602	647
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	71	18	34	19	53
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	166	9	30	127	157
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	79	1	27	51	78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,816	203	288	2,325	2,613
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	17	18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,790	244	432	3,114	3,545
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	162	8	65	89	154
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	50	0	7	43	50
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	124	8	19	96	116
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	137	8	20	109	129
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,506	34	323	2,150	2,473
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,156	20	196	940	1,135
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,834	171	190	1,472	1,663
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	142	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	86	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	255	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	886	17	118	751	869
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	729	10	89	630	719
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,227	299	348	2,580	2,928
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	937	47	188	702	890
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	570	16	105	449	554
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	50	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	505	35	122	349	470
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	89	5	5	80	85
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	92	5	5	83	88
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	226	851	1,077
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	65	177	241
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	102	123	279	401
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	64	77	144	221
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	35	32	29	61
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	19	13	16	29
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MINNESOTA

Table 57B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Minnesota; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	220	17	36	167	203
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,052	52	208	791	999
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	787	*	168	589	757
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	146	199	939	1,139
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MINNESOTA

Table 58A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Minnesota; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	16.59	8.31	31.30	15.38	17.47
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	21.96	10.95	45.13	19.80	23.12
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	15.42	6.37	29.72	14.36	16.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14.92	15.57	7.80	15.93	14.85
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.89	4.21	11.81	1.15	2.62
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.45	2.03	5.24	3.35	3.60
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.64	0.15	4.79	1.34	1.80
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	58.49	44.14	50.37	61.45	59.99
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.44	0.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	78.75	53.06	75.48	82.32	81.42
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.36	1.63	11.36	2.36	3.54
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.04	0.09	1.19	1.13	1.14
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.57	1.74	3.40	2.54	2.65
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.85	1.74	3.54	2.88	2.97
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	52.06	7.38	56.49	56.82	56.78
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	24.00	4.42	34.26	24.84	26.07
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.09	37.18	33.31	38.92	38.18
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	19.88	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.01	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35.73	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.40	3.59	20.60	19.87	19.96
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	15.14	2.13	15.58	16.66	16.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.03	65.06	60.86	68.20	67.24
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	19.46	10.30	32.86	18.55	20.43
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.84	3.46	18.37	11.87	12.73
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.06	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	10.49	7.54	21.26	9.22	10.80
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.85	1.03	0.79	2.12	1.94
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.92	1.00	0.84	2.20	2.02
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.53	22.50	24.74
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.31	4.67	5.54
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	22.07	21.45	7.37	9.22
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.94	13.49	3.80	5.07
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.50	5.63	0.77	1.41
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.15	2.31	0.42	0.66
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MINNESOTA

Table 58B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Minnesota; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.56	3.70	6.23	4.41	4.65
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	21.80	11.45	35.94	20.88	22.88
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	77.68	*	81.27	77.59	78.40
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.99	34.37	24.80	26.07
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MISSISSIPPI

Table 59A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Mississippi; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	308	17	69	222	291
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	376	26	98	252	350
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	273	14	66	193	259
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	640	74	35	532	566
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	30	9	14	6	21
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	71	4	10	57	67
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	33	0	8	25	33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,822	139	205	1,478	1,683
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	11	11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,045	153	245	1,647	1,892
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	52	3	19	30	49
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	38	0	2	35	37
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	90	4	10	75	85
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	94	4	9	80	89
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	938	15	141	781	922
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	460	7	83	369	453
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,153	117	129	908	1,036
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	46	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	24	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	164	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	631	6	57	568	625
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	498	3	39	456	495
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,567	144	182	1,242	1,423
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	389	19	76	294	370
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	235	7	51	177	228
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	16	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	227	16	50	161	211
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	69	3	5	61	66
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	78	3	5	70	75
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	89	398	487
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	32	81	113
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	47	44	108	152
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	31	38	71	109
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	15	14	15	29
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	9	7	9	16
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MISSISSIPPI

Table 59B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Mississippi; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	127	11	14	103	116
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	444	23	79	341	420
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	316	*	67	232	299
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	62	56	360	417
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MISSISSIPPI

Table 60A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Mississippi; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12.60	6.83	22.35	11.76	13.25
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	15.37	10.47	31.46	13.37	15.92
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	11.14	5.63	21.26	10.20	11.76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.16	29.64	11.23	28.16	25.76
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.77	3.63	7.05	0.53	1.44
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	2.91	1.80	3.17	3.02	3.04
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.36	0.08	2.73	1.31	1.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	74.48	56.00	66.02	78.28	76.55
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.11	0.57	0.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.62	61.58	78.99	87.22	86.06
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.13	1.15	6.06	1.61	2.24
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.54	0.15	0.72	1.86	1.70
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.66	1.78	3.27	3.97	3.87
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.83	1.78	2.95	4.25	4.06
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	38.32	6.21	45.46	41.38	41.95
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	18.78	2.77	26.83	19.57	20.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.12	46.83	41.41	48.10	47.15
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.85	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.72	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	46.15	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	25.79	2.58	18.40	30.06	28.42
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	20.35	1.19	12.42	24.17	22.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.04	57.86	58.54	65.77	64.74
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	15.89	7.69	24.59	15.55	16.82
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.59	2.61	16.43	9.38	10.38
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4.44	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.27	6.24	16.14	8.54	9.61
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.80	1.05	1.69	3.21	3.00
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	3.18	1.08	1.71	3.70	3.42
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	28.62	21.10	22.16
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.38	4.29	5.15
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18.73	14.17	5.74	6.93
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.37	12.23	3.75	4.94
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.07	4.40	0.79	1.30
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.68	2.28	0.46	0.72
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MISSISSIPPI

Table 60B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Mississippi; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.21	4.59	4.25	5.46	5.28
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	18.14	9.42	24.91	18.15	19.12
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	70.96	*	83.14	68.92	71.62
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	25.31	17.71	19.16	18.95
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MISSOURI

Table 61A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Missouri; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	888	36	174	678	852
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,177	59	243	876	1,118
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	835	31	166	637	804
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	976	96	55	824	879
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	69	19	29	21	50
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	183	9	26	148	174
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	75	1	21	53	74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,408	233	379	2,796	3,175
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	19	20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,306	268	503	3,535	4,038
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	134	9	44	81	125
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	72	0	5	66	71
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	193	8	17	168	184
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	190	9	18	164	182
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,499	40	323	2,136	2,460
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,085	17	180	888	1,067
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,067	189	215	1,663	1,877
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	108	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	56	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	268	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,406	16	130	1,260	1,390
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,118	9	104	1,005	1,108
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,227	272	366	2,589	2,955
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	943	54	173	716	889
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	536	17	98	421	519
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	40	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	531	39	110	382	491
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	110	4	8	97	105
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	115	4	8	103	111
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	238	1,010	1,248
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	75	226	301
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	105	121	317	439
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	70	96	168	264
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	34	34	37	71
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	20	17	18	35
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MISSOURI

Table 61B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Missouri; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	301	26	36	239	275
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,150	65	196	889	1,085
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	803	*	162	604	766
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	163	217	1,138	1,355
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MISSOURI

Table 62A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Missouri; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	17.11	7.51	27.40	16.65	18.09
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	22.67	12.21	38.31	21.49	23.75
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	16.08	6.50	26.22	15.64	17.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.78	19.92	8.66	20.23	18.67
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.94	4.60	10.24	1.24	2.58
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.52	1.87	4.13	3.63	3.69
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.45	0.19	3.39	1.29	1.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.64	48.13	59.86	68.60	67.42
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.20	0.47	0.43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.96	55.36	79.46	86.73	85.75
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.57	1.82	6.87	1.99	2.65
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.38	0.10	0.72	1.63	1.51
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.71	1.74	2.66	4.11	3.92
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.67	1.76	2.79	4.03	3.86
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	48.13	8.22	51.03	52.42	52.24
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.88	3.53	28.34	21.79	22.67
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.80	39.09	33.91	40.79	39.87
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.43	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.02	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.27	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	27.08	3.26	20.52	30.93	29.53
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	21.52	1.91	16.35	24.66	23.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	62.14	56.20	57.70	63.54	62.75
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.17	11.15	27.32	17.58	18.89
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.33	3.53	15.48	10.33	11.03
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.68	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	10.22	8.14	17.30	9.36	10.43
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.11	0.92	1.21	2.39	2.23
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.22	0.91	1.27	2.52	2.35
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.55	24.78	26.50
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.85	5.55	6.40
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.59	19.14	7.79	9.31
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.43	15.12	4.13	5.61
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.06	5.30	0.92	1.51
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.07	2.65	0.45	0.74
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MISSOURI

Table 62B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Missouri; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.78	5.33	5.60	5.86	5.83
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	22.11	13.54	30.39	21.80	22.98
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.18	*	81.32	71.15	73.11
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	33.88	33.67	27.90	28.69
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MONTANA

Table 63A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Montana; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	186	7	39	140	179
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	243	10	55	177	232
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	175	6	38	131	169
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	149	13	9	127	136
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	13	3	6	5	10
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	34	2	5	27	32
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	14	0	5	10	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	601	40	61	501	562
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	777	46	88	643	731
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	31	2	10	19	30
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	14	0	2	13	14
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	25	1	3	21	24
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	26	1	3	21	25
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	518	8	71	439	510
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	243	4	45	195	239
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	356	30	36	291	326
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	15	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	43	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	205	3	29	173	202
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	150	2	20	128	148
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	633	54	63	516	579
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	191	9	39	143	181
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	110	3	23	84	107
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	108	6	26	76	102
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	17	1	1	16	17
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	19	1	1	17	18
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	50	184	234
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	14	39	53
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18	27	63	89
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12	17	35	52
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7	6	8	14
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4	3	4	6
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MONTANA

Table 63B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Montana; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	59	4	9	47	56
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	211	10	43	158	201
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	155	*	36	113	149
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	29	37	204	241
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

MONTANA

Table 64A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Montana; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	19.65	8.31	34.28	18.68	20.75
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	25.61	12.54	48.27	23.59	26.87
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	18.48	7.78	33.08	17.43	19.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	15.67	15.54	7.74	16.90	15.68
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.00	3.77	11.51	1.42	2.84
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.55	1.81	4.53	3.60	3.72
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.52	0.20	4.14	1.27	1.65
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	63.41	47.79	53.17	66.70	64.90
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.27	0.36	0.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.95	55.34	76.95	85.62	84.47
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.33	2.25	8.96	2.59	3.43
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.52	0.08	1.50	1.68	1.66
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.64	1.68	2.56	2.76	2.73
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.74	1.70	2.83	2.84	2.84
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	54.59	9.36	62.56	58.41	58.96
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	25.65	4.81	39.08	25.91	27.66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.59	36.50	31.22	38.69	37.69
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	18.91	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.02	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35.39	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	21.63	3.94	25.75	22.97	23.34
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	15.80	2.08	17.54	17.07	17.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.78	65.05	55.10	68.76	66.94
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	20.11	10.93	33.85	19.03	21.00
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.64	3.97	20.62	11.12	12.38
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.02	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	11.42	7.73	22.63	10.12	11.78
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.84	0.91	1.06	2.06	1.93
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.99	0.90	1.15	2.24	2.10
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	44.31	24.48	27.12
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.21	5.25	6.18
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.89	23.29	8.34	10.32
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.64	14.69	4.69	6.02
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	8.03	5.41	1.04	1.62
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.37	2.59	0.47	0.75
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

MONTANA

Table 64B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Montana; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	6.20	4.50	7.39	6.20	6.36
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	22.04	12.42	36.44	20.87	22.96
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.43	*	80.68	70.87	73.01
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	35.44	31.58	26.99	27.61
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEBRASKA

Table 65A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nebraska; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	192	10	44	138	181
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	258	18	68	172	240
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	166	9	40	117	158
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	343	36	23	284	306
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	23	7	11	6	17
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	51	3	9	39	48
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	25	0	8	16	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,034	72	114	847	962
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	5	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,294	85	157	1,052	1,209
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	35	2	11	21	33
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	17	0	2	16	17
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	42	3	6	34	39
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	47	3	6	38	44
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	842	14	122	705	828
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	409	9	77	323	401
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	633	61	72	501	573
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	44	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	28	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	90	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	305	4	34	268	302
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	242	3	20	219	239
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,028	100	117	812	928
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	272	15	59	198	257
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	178	5	39	134	173
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	14	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	144	11	35	98	133
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	35	2	2	31	33
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	34	2	2	30	32
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	85	291	376
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	27	83	110
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	35	49	104	153
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	24	29	61	90
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	10	10	13	22
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	5	5	6	11
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEBRASKA

Table 65B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nebraska; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	79	8	13	58	71
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	308	18	65	225	290
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	223	*	53	160	213
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	54	68	281	349
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEBRASKA

Table 66A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nebraska; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	11.78	6.24	20.36	11.05	12.41
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	15.86	10.81	31.70	13.81	16.43
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	10.21	5.21	18.72	9.42	10.78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.06	21.88	10.50	22.77	20.96
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.30	4.30	8.42	0.76	1.92
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.12	1.91	4.10	3.12	3.26
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.51	0.13	3.70	1.32	1.67
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	63.57	43.18	53.10	68.07	65.87
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.19	0.42	0.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	79.58	50.99	72.97	84.47	82.78
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.14	1.31	5.32	1.71	2.24
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.07	0.08	0.81	1.25	1.18
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.59	1.67	2.70	2.70	2.70
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.87	1.67	2.86	3.03	3.00
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	51.73	8.31	56.85	56.66	56.68
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	25.17	5.36	35.97	25.96	27.43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.94	36.53	33.37	40.23	39.21
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	17.58	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	11.28	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35.99	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.77	2.14	15.83	21.49	20.66
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	14.85	1.57	9.09	17.62	16.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	63.20	59.88	54.25	65.19	63.57
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16.69	8.86	27.39	15.89	17.58
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.96	3.12	18.14	10.77	11.86
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.75	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.83	6.38	16.46	7.84	9.11
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.13	1.01	0.90	2.50	2.26
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.07	1.03	0.97	2.39	2.18
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.40	23.35	25.71
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.50	6.66	7.52
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.12	22.61	8.35	10.45
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.18	13.55	4.87	6.15
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.73	4.55	1.02	1.54
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.15	2.23	0.46	0.72
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEBRASKA

Table 66B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nebraska; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.83	4.74	6.14	4.62	4.84
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	18.91	11.09	29.95	18.03	19.80
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	73.98	*	79.69	73.83	75.19
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	32.45	31.30	22.55	23.84
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEVADA

Table 67A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nevada; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	597	22	99	476	575
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	757	39	127	592	718
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	544	23	94	427	521
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	523	37	31	455	486
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	38	11	14	13	27
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	114	4	13	96	110
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	47	0	10	37	47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,714	115	169	1,431	1,600
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	8	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,217	140	218	1,859	2,077
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	118	6	30	82	112
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	60	0	2	57	59
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	113	5	12	97	109
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	107	5	12	91	103
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,275	20	148	1,107	1,256
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	627	10	77	539	616
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,289	110	128	1,051	1,179
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	58	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	31	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	163	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	538	5	49	484	533
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	447	4	34	410	444
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,792	148	175	1,469	1,644
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	560	35	92	433	525
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	316	11	46	259	305
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	341	28	65	247	312
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	47	3	4	40	44
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	53	3	4	46	50
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	108	491	600
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36	129	165
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	58	68	174	242
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	34	45	95	140
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	15	17	19	36
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	11	9	8	17
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEVADA

Table 67B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nevada; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	135	14	12	109	121
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	631	34	96	500	596
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	492	22	82	388	470
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	65	62	428	490
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEVADA

Table 68A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nevada; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	22.32	9.05	34.07	22.23	23.66
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	28.29	15.94	43.45	27.63	29.54
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	20.32	9.34	32.16	19.96	21.43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.53	15.19	10.79	21.24	19.97
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.42	6.30	11.00	1.60	2.84
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	4.27	1.76	4.62	4.51	4.52
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.77	0.11	3.53	1.72	1.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.01	46.55	57.98	66.84	65.76
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.16	0.36	0.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.80	56.84	74.78	86.83	85.38
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	4.41	2.60	10.16	3.83	4.59
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	2.23	0.16	0.80	2.66	2.44
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	4.24	1.99	4.02	4.52	4.46
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	4.01	1.99	4.05	4.24	4.22
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	47.62	8.01	50.90	51.71	51.62
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.40	4.20	26.54	25.18	25.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.11	44.52	43.91	49.09	48.47
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.99	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.64	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	44.96	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	20.08	1.93	16.80	22.61	21.92
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	16.69	1.43	11.68	19.14	18.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.92	60.25	60.19	68.60	67.59
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	20.91	14.09	31.61	20.23	21.60
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.80	4.54	15.65	12.11	12.53
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.49	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	12.73	11.58	22.43	11.54	12.85
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.74	1.21	1.39	1.85	1.79
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.98	1.24	1.44	2.14	2.06
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.17	22.94	24.65
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.33	6.01	6.77
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	23.51	23.29	8.13	9.95
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.80	15.53	4.42	5.75
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.99	5.82	0.90	1.49
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.62	3.11	0.37	0.70
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEVADA

Table 68B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Nevada; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.00	5.57	4.18	5.04	4.94
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	23.37	13.94	32.17	23.22	24.31
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.21	60.05	86.58	77.93	79.33
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	26.43	20.88	19.84	19.98
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 69A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Hampshire; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	197	6	45	146	191
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	241	9	56	175	232
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	175	6	39	131	170
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	176	16	10	151	160
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	14	4	6	4	11
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	48	2	9	38	47
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	15	0	6	9	15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	738	43	70	625	695
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	4	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	995	53	107	835	942
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	37	2	15	20	35
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	8	0	1	7	8
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	31	2	4	25	29
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	33	2	4	28	32
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	715	7	85	623	708
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	286	4	51	231	282
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	464	35	45	384	429
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	27	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	15	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	48	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	201	2	28	170	199
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	165	1	21	143	164
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	847	63	85	699	784
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	202	7	42	153	195
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	141	3	26	112	138
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	91	4	25	61	86
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	17	1	1	15	16
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	20	1	1	18	20
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	57	203	259
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	17	49	66
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20	29	70	98
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13	20	35	55
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6	7	9	16
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4	3	3	6
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 69B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Hampshire; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	57	3	7	47	54
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	239	10	48	182	229
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	181	6	40	135	175
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	35	51	249	300
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 70A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Hampshire; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	16.21	6.37	33.09	14.80	17.04
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	19.78	9.58	41.10	17.78	20.64
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.41	5.90	28.21	13.30	15.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14.44	16.58	7.22	15.26	14.27
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.53	4.31	10.20	1.06	2.22
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.98	1.77	6.48	3.84	4.17
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.27	0.16	4.59	0.92	1.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	60.56	45.55	50.69	63.38	61.82
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.27	0.39	0.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.72	55.98	77.91	84.67	83.84
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.07	2.08	10.93	2.07	3.16
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.64	0.08	0.50	0.72	0.69
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.52	1.65	2.63	2.58	2.59
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.74	1.66	2.87	2.82	2.83
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	58.73	7.92	62.13	63.12	63.01
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.48	4.15	37.09	23.44	25.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.07	36.83	32.53	38.95	38.17
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	19.27	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10.49	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	34.87	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	16.48	2.12	20.74	17.27	17.69
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	13.56	1.55	15.10	14.51	14.58
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.57	66.84	62.00	70.88	69.79
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16.57	7.13	30.73	15.51	17.37
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.56	3.28	18.87	11.33	12.25
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.51	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	7.46	4.71	18.39	6.20	7.69
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.41	0.98	1.03	1.51	1.45
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.68	0.99	1.07	1.83	1.74
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	41.19	20.54	23.06
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.18	4.99	5.87
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.63	21.00	7.05	8.76
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.58	14.43	3.54	4.87
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.70	5.03	0.91	1.42
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.23	2.17	0.32	0.55
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 70B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Hampshire; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.67	3.51	4.85	4.75	4.76
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.56	10.43	34.90	18.32	20.32
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	76.09	64.65	85.90	74.11	76.54
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	37.57	37.33	25.08	26.57
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW JERSEY

Table 71A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Jersey; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,110	53	254	803	1,057
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,529	80	354	1,095	1,449
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,044	43	246	755	1,001
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,831	179	109	1,543	1,653
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	108	28	45	35	79
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	242	12	36	194	230
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	122	1	33	88	120
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	5,168	352	502	4,313	4,816
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	38	40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	6,518	408	705	5,405	6,110
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	166	6	55	106	160
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	58	1	3	54	57
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	223	13	30	181	211
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	240	13	30	197	227
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	4,021	55	470	3,496	3,967
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,781	34	289	1,458	1,747
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,583	308	356	2,919	3,275
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	178	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	98	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	443	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,065	14	120	930	1,051
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	850	7	79	764	843
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,806	470	614	4,721	5,335
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,222	52	223	947	1,171
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	817	22	126	668	794
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	60	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	582	43	146	394	539
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	117	7	12	98	111
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	145	7	13	125	138
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	329	1,060	1,389
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	114	252	366
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	141	175	335	510
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	91	130	183	313
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	44	43	44	87
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	21	17	20	37
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW JERSEY

Table 71B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Jersey; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	356	22	33	302	335
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,372	73	249	1,050	1,299
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,049	*	221	787	1,008
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	216	256	1,224	1,480
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW JERSEY

Table 72A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Jersey; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	14.10	7.42	28.69	12.79	14.76
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	19.40	11.17	39.94	17.44	20.23
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	13.25	5.96	27.76	12.03	13.98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.23	25.04	12.33	24.57	23.05
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.27	4.28	9.11	0.96	1.93
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.08	1.74	4.06	3.09	3.21
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.54	0.14	3.71	1.40	1.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.58	49.29	56.69	68.68	67.18
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.22	0.61	0.56
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.76	57.20	79.54	86.06	85.25
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.11	0.86	6.16	1.68	2.24
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.74	0.13	0.31	0.87	0.80
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.83	1.77	3.36	2.88	2.94
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.05	1.79	3.40	3.14	3.17
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	51.04	7.66	53.09	55.67	55.36
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	22.60	4.71	32.65	23.21	24.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.47	43.16	40.18	46.48	45.70
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.60	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9.13	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	41.25	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	13.51	1.92	13.60	14.81	14.66
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	10.78	0.95	8.90	12.17	11.76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.67	65.84	69.33	75.17	74.45
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	15.51	7.25	25.23	15.08	16.34
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.36	3.15	14.21	10.64	11.08
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.57	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	7.39	5.98	16.43	6.27	7.53
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.49	0.95	1.39	1.57	1.54
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.84	0.98	1.43	1.99	1.92
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.10	16.88	19.38
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.90	4.01	5.11
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.70	19.74	5.34	7.12
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.71	14.66	2.91	4.37
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.14	4.88	0.70	1.21
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	2.96	1.91	0.31	0.51
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW JERSEY

Table 72B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Jersey; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.52	3.05	3.67	4.80	4.66
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	17.39	10.37	27.72	16.70	18.08
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	74.48	*	87.64	71.99	74.91
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.52	28.42	19.48	20.60
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW MEXICO

Table 73A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Mexico; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	420	24	76	321	397
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	479	33	99	347	446
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	381	21	74	286	360
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	354	29	21	304	325
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	25	8	10	7	17
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	70	3	11	56	67
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	32	0	8	25	32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,152	84	123	946	1,068
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	6	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,464	102	168	1,194	1,362
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	62	5	21	36	57
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	28	0	1	26	28
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	66	4	9	54	62
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	69	4	9	56	65
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	813	12	103	697	801
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	409	6	63	340	403
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	889	77	93	718	812
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	34	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	113	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	397	5	48	345	392
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	319	4	39	276	315
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,182	98	118	966	1,084
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	408	27	81	299	380
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	205	8	40	158	198
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	16	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	247	23	57	168	225
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	46	2	3	40	43
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	42	2	4	36	40
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	87	327	414
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	28	73	101
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	40	48	107	155
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	22	35	54	90
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	12	13	13	26
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	9	7	6	13
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW MEXICO

Table 73B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Mexico; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	112	15	15	82	97
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	392	28	83	282	365
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	293	*	67	210	278
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	48	54	261	315
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW MEXICO

Table 74A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Mexico; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	23.55	13.70	34.77	22.99	24.59
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	26.82	19.24	45.07	24.89	27.63
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	21.33	12.40	33.57	20.51	22.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.83	16.83	9.77	21.79	20.15
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	3.38	7.24	13.00	1.18	2.64
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.90	1.77	4.95	4.00	4.13
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.82	0.12	3.43	1.77	2.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.54	48.90	55.83	67.82	66.18
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.14	0.44	0.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.02	59.26	76.67	85.61	84.39
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.47	3.17	9.36	2.58	3.50
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.56	0.11	0.56	1.90	1.72
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.70	2.06	3.96	3.86	3.87
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.86	2.06	4.27	4.01	4.05
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	45.55	7.27	47.11	50.01	49.62
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	22.92	3.52	28.91	24.37	24.99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	49.77	45.00	42.41	51.52	50.28
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.58	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.33	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	45.29	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	22.26	2.89	21.66	24.73	24.31
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.84	2.15	17.81	19.77	19.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.19	57.07	53.59	69.29	67.15
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	22.83	16.01	36.83	21.46	23.55
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.51	4.57	18.17	11.31	12.24
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.49	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	13.86	13.19	25.77	12.07	13.93
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.55	1.30	1.53	2.87	2.68
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.36	1.30	1.60	2.61	2.47
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.69	23.46	25.67
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.88	5.25	6.29
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	23.23	21.81	7.69	9.61
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.95	16.02	3.90	5.55
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.19	5.91	0.94	1.62
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	5.44	3.02	0.47	0.81
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW MEXICO

Table 74B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New Mexico; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	6.24	8.63	6.75	5.86	5.98
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	21.91	16.27	36.85	20.20	22.50
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.43	*	81.78	72.04	74.15
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	28.29	24.17	18.70	19.46
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW YORK

Table 75A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New York; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	2,913	123	556	2,234	2,790
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	3,749	165	760	2,824	3,583
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	2,714	95	530	2,089	2,619
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	3,442	269	196	2,977	3,173
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	215	56	92	67	159
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	572	23	110	439	549
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	366	2	80	284	364
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	10,704	671	1,145	8,887	10,032
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	4	56	60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	13,678	766	1,539	11,373	12,912
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	484	12	156	316	472
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	84	1	12	71	83
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	509	26	55	428	483
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	554	26	56	472	528
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	8,360	94	1,075	7,191	8,266
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	3,998	56	648	3,294	3,942
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	7,555	590	792	6,173	6,965
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	371	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	205	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	883	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	2,869	40	265	2,564	2,829
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	2,397	18	196	2,183	2,379
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	11,982	866	1,315	9,801	11,116
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	2,895	132	506	2,256	2,762
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	1,867	47	297	1,523	1,819
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	128	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	1,361	101	319	941	1,260
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	237	13	22	202	224
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	295	12	24	259	282
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	613	2,660	3,273
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	174	609	783
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	272	337	835	1,173
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	170	206	459	665
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	88	81	87	168
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	39	44	52	97
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW YORK

Table 75B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New York; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	921	42	80	799	879
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	3,249	135	565	2,550	3,115
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	2,415	84	488	1,843	2,331
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	417	581	2,622	3,203
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NEW YORK

Table 76A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New York; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	17.24	8.87	27.69	16.55	18.00
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	22.19	11.88	37.84	20.92	23.11
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	16.06	6.83	26.39	15.48	16.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.36	19.35	9.77	22.06	20.46
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.33	4.39	8.48	1.00	2.01
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.39	1.65	5.47	3.25	3.54
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.17	0.16	4.00	2.10	2.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	63.36	48.29	57.02	65.84	64.69
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.18	0.42	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.99	55.07	76.63	84.26	83.27
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.86	0.86	7.76	2.34	3.04
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.50	0.09	0.57	0.53	0.53
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.01	1.90	2.75	3.17	3.11
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.28	1.89	2.77	3.50	3.40
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	49.48	6.76	53.53	53.27	53.31
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.66	4.05	32.29	24.40	25.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.71	42.40	39.45	45.73	44.91
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	17.10	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9.48	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	40.76	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	16.97	2.85	13.21	18.99	18.24
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	14.18	1.28	9.74	16.17	15.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.92	62.30	65.49	72.61	71.68
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.13	9.53	25.22	16.71	17.81
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.05	3.42	14.77	11.28	11.73
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.88	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.06	7.28	15.90	6.97	8.13
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.40	0.91	1.12	1.50	1.45
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.75	0.90	1.19	1.92	1.82
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	30.50	19.71	21.11
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	8.66	4.51	5.05
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.58	16.80	6.19	7.56
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.25	10.24	3.40	4.29
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.31	4.05	0.64	1.09
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	2.78	2.21	0.39	0.62
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NEW YORK

Table 76B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in New York; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.46	3.07	3.90	5.94	5.67
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.25	9.81	27.69	18.94	20.09
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.40	67.22	86.27	69.66	72.59
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.35	28.46	19.48	20.66
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 77A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Carolina; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,071	52	217	802	1,019
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,415	73	315	1,027	1,341
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	930	43	210	677	888
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,915	180	111	1,624	1,736
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	114	34	49	31	80
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	269	16	35	218	253
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	151	1	30	120	150
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,083	406	654	5,023	5,677
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	45	47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,412	474	860	6,078	6,938
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	154	9	50	95	145
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	62	1	4	57	61
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	259	16	30	213	243
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	301	16	29	256	285
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	3,926	48	504	3,374	3,878
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,715	22	269	1,424	1,693
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,961	349	435	3,177	3,612
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	146	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	81	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	500	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,901	20	183	1,698	1,881
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,565	10	125	1,430	1,555
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	6,024	506	681	4,838	5,519
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,338	61	253	1,024	1,277
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	870	24	162	684	846
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	58	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	709	50	162	497	659
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	178	7	13	158	171
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	209	8	14	187	201
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	357	1,448	1,804
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	128	343	471
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	160	201	490	690
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	105	135	247	382
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	49	49	62	112
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	30	23	34	58
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 77B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Carolina; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	358	37	42	279	320
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,562	88	279	1,196	1,475
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,276	59	249	968	1,217
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	231	282	1,602	1,884
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 78A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Carolina; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	11.97	6.35	20.00	11.39	12.54
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	15.81	8.92	28.97	14.58	16.50
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	10.40	5.19	19.37	9.62	10.92
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.40	21.88	10.26	23.06	21.35
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.24	4.31	7.83	0.86	1.87
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.01	1.97	3.22	3.10	3.11
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.69	0.11	2.74	1.71	1.85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	67.98	49.48	60.27	71.31	69.83
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.20	0.63	0.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.86	57.73	79.24	86.30	85.35
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	1.72	1.06	4.59	1.35	1.78
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.69	0.09	0.36	0.81	0.75
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.90	1.97	2.77	3.02	2.99
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.37	1.98	2.69	3.63	3.51
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	43.86	5.83	46.39	47.91	47.71
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	19.16	2.68	24.79	20.21	20.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.25	42.46	40.09	45.10	44.43
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.29	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.85	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.15	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	21.24	2.47	16.84	24.11	23.13
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.49	1.23	11.53	20.30	19.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.31	61.58	62.70	68.69	67.89
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	14.95	7.42	23.34	14.54	15.71
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.72	2.86	14.97	9.71	10.41
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4.90	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	7.92	6.03	14.93	7.06	8.11
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.99	0.90	1.22	2.24	2.10
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.33	0.94	1.29	2.65	2.47
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	32.85	20.55	22.19
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.77	4.87	5.79
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.46	18.50	6.95	8.49
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.79	12.43	3.50	4.70
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.00	4.55	0.88	1.37
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.63	2.15	0.49	0.71
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 78B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Carolina; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	3.97	4.55	3.77	3.93	3.91
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	17.32	10.69	25.09	16.87	17.99
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.57	62.38	86.53	77.94	79.56
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	28.21	25.36	22.60	22.97
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 79A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Dakota; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	77	4	19	54	73
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	113	6	34	74	107
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	72	3	19	50	69
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	113	12	8	93	101
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	10	2	5	2	8
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	21	1	4	16	20
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	9	0	3	6	9
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	414	28	50	336	386
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	2	2
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	516	32	70	413	484
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	18	1	6	11	17
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	8	0	1	6	7
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	19	1	2	15	18
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	20	1	3	16	19
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	354	5	60	289	349
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	170	3	38	130	167
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	243	24	29	190	219
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	19	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	13	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	35	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	153	2	21	130	151
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	115	1	13	100	114
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	400	37	52	311	363
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	125	5	29	91	120
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	86	2	19	65	84
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	54	3	15	37	51
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	11	1	1	10	10
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	12	1	1	11	12
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37	113	150
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12	25	37
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	13	22	38	60
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	8	13	20	33
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5	4	5	10
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	2	2	2	4
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 79B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Dakota; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	31	3	4	24	28
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	128	7	29	92	121
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	98	*	27	67	94
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	18	30	117	147
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 80A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Dakota; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12.07	6.73	20.87	11.08	12.63
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	17.70	9.58	35.97	15.23	18.55
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	11.30	4.93	20.28	10.40	11.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.80	20.64	8.73	19.18	17.51
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.53	3.52	10.25	0.87	2.34
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.30	1.75	4.03	3.36	3.46
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.45	0.12	3.15	1.30	1.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.00	46.46	53.78	69.44	66.93
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.46	0.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.01	52.74	75.56	85.54	83.93
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.82	1.62	6.67	2.24	2.94
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.18	0.10	1.09	1.34	1.30
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.94	1.61	2.56	3.18	3.08
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.14	1.63	2.75	3.41	3.30
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	55.56	8.49	64.02	59.87	60.52
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	26.72	5.01	40.43	26.81	29.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.14	40.39	31.08	39.22	37.90
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	20.65	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	14.02	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	37.81	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	24.02	3.10	22.71	26.89	26.22
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	18.09	2.14	14.45	20.79	19.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	62.90	61.85	55.72	64.41	63.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	19.68	8.97	31.02	18.86	20.80
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	13.50	3.71	20.46	13.39	14.53
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.21	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.51	5.07	15.75	7.56	8.87
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.70	0.86	0.83	1.97	1.79
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.90	0.86	0.84	2.24	2.01
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.89	23.28	25.95
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.36	5.17	6.48
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.56	23.45	7.83	10.34
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.63	13.89	4.11	5.68
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.63	4.65	1.12	1.69
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.12	2.19	0.49	0.76
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 80B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in North Dakota; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.78	4.40	4.57	4.87	4.82
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.03	11.27	30.17	19.11	20.94
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	76.74	*	86.28	74.53	77.62
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.86	31.33	24.13	25.32
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

OHIO

Table 81A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Ohio; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,614	76	321	1,217	1,538
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	2,137	114	461	1,563	2,023
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,476	64	308	1,104	1,412
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,803	175	102	1,525	1,627
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	128	40	56	33	88
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	368	16	61	291	352
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	215	2	52	161	213
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,770	455	709	5,607	6,315
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	3	32	35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	8,358	528	960	6,870	7,830
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	267	12	100	154	254
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	111	1	8	101	110
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	330	16	40	274	315
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	360	15	40	304	344
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	4,865	69	639	4,156	4,795
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	2,423	42	388	1,994	2,382
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,986	358	414	3,214	3,628
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	248	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	155	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	511	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	2,528	28	259	2,241	2,500
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	2,099	17	203	1,879	2,082
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	6,257	541	686	5,030	5,716
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,819	86	336	1,397	1,733
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	1,072	30	198	844	1,042
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	92	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	1,095	74	232	789	1,021
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	236	9	14	213	227
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	253	9	15	228	244
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	423	1,791	2,214
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	144	431	575
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	190	229	629	858
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	130	167	303	470
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	62	68	86	154
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	33	27	40	67
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

OHIO

Table 81B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Ohio; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	576	54	80	442	522
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	2,200	119	372	1,708	2,081
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,604	62	291	1,251	1,542
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	325	395	1,983	2,378
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

OHIO

Table 82A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Ohio; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	16.24	8.32	26.96	15.53	17.04
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	21.50	12.45	38.65	19.94	22.41
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.85	6.96	25.84	14.09	15.64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.13	19.21	8.56	19.46	18.02
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.54	4.96	9.16	0.92	2.08
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.70	1.74	5.12	3.72	3.90
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.16	0.18	4.40	2.05	2.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.11	49.78	59.50	71.54	69.95
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.25	0.41	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.12	57.80	80.56	87.67	86.72
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.68	1.36	8.39	1.97	2.82
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.11	0.10	0.69	1.29	1.22
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.32	1.73	3.38	3.50	3.49
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.62	1.70	3.36	3.88	3.81
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	48.94	7.60	53.66	53.03	53.12
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	24.38	4.55	32.58	25.44	26.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.09	39.20	34.76	41.01	40.18
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	18.18	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	11.39	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	37.43	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	25.43	3.09	21.76	28.59	27.69
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	21.11	1.82	17.03	23.98	23.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	62.95	59.29	57.55	64.19	63.31
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.30	9.41	28.22	17.82	19.19
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.78	3.28	16.62	10.76	11.54
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.72	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	11.01	8.05	19.47	10.07	11.31
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.37	0.96	1.19	2.72	2.52
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.54	0.96	1.30	2.91	2.70
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	35.52	22.85	24.52
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.12	5.50	6.37
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.79	19.21	8.02	9.50
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.25	13.99	3.87	5.21
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.81	5.70	1.10	1.70
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.63	2.30	0.51	0.75
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

OHIO

Table 82B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Ohio; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.79	5.98	6.68	5.64	5.77
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	22.13	13.17	31.02	21.80	23.03
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	73.37	52.51	78.33	73.75	74.57
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	35.87	32.92	25.31	26.32
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

OKLAHOMA

Table 83A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oklahoma; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	617	29	121	467	588
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	823	41	169	612	781
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	594	31	118	445	563
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	616	55	38	522	561
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	53	12	19	22	41
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	109	6	14	89	103
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	52	1	14	38	52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,243	171	265	1,807	2,073
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	10	11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,678	195	327	2,155	2,482
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	79	7	27	46	73
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	47	0	3	43	46
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	126	6	14	106	120
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	127	6	15	105	121
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,350	24	205	1,121	1,326
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	667	12	110	545	655
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,438	139	160	1,139	1,299
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	66	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	36	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	188	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	852	10	99	743	842
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	693	6	68	619	687
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,117	207	252	1,658	1,911
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	622	38	124	460	584
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	337	16	62	260	322
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	28	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	405	31	89	286	374
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	97	4	6	87	93
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	99	4	7	88	95
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	158	611	768
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	56	139	195
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	63	85	208	293
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	46	59	104	162
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	24	24	26	50
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	15	11	14	25
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

OKLAHOMA

Table 83B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oklahoma; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	181	19	25	137	162
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	699	37	131	531	662
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	502	24	115	364	479
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	92	116	530	646
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

OKLAHOMA

Table 84A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oklahoma; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	18.66	8.62	28.05	18.39	19.79
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	24.89	12.41	39.15	24.12	26.30
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	17.96	9.17	27.31	17.54	18.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.65	16.56	8.89	20.58	18.88
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.96	4.00	9.05	1.63	2.74
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.30	1.83	3.31	3.50	3.47
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.59	0.15	3.23	1.50	1.75
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	67.93	51.11	61.38	71.23	69.80
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.20	0.40	0.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.10	58.34	75.76	84.94	83.60
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.40	1.99	6.14	1.82	2.45
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.41	0.09	0.71	1.71	1.56
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.82	1.82	3.28	4.18	4.05
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.83	1.81	3.52	4.15	4.06
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	40.86	7.15	47.43	44.19	44.65
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.20	3.67	25.56	21.47	22.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.52	41.55	37.07	44.89	43.75
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	14.27	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.90	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	40.77	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	25.80	2.98	22.86	29.30	28.36
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	20.99	1.79	15.79	24.40	23.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.09	61.87	58.39	65.36	64.34
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	18.83	11.49	28.60	18.14	19.66
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.21	4.66	14.39	10.23	10.83
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.13	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	12.27	9.26	20.53	11.25	12.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.94	1.18	1.43	3.43	3.14
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.99	1.18	1.53	3.47	3.19
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36.46	24.08	25.88
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.05	5.46	6.57
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18.76	19.67	8.19	9.86
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.71	13.57	4.09	5.47
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.03	5.60	1.03	1.69
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.42	2.54	0.57	0.85
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

OKLAHOMA

Table 84B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oklahoma; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.46	5.81	5.72	5.37	5.43
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	21.07	11.21	29.51	20.89	22.17
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	73.20	54.61	81.88	72.29	74.44
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	27.69	26.06	20.85	21.62
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

OREGON

Table 85A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oregon; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	880	29	160	691	851
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,144	43	212	889	1,101
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	800	27	146	627	773
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	523	38	32	454	485
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	55	12	22	21	43
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	161	6	24	132	156
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	74	0	20	54	74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,060	141	209	1,710	1,919
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	12	13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,864	163	309	2,392	2,700
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	206	8	60	138	198
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	43	0	2	41	43
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	140	6	18	116	134
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	134	6	19	109	129
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	1,981	26	229	1,726	1,955
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	818	12	136	670	807
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,485	113	141	1,231	1,373
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	84	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	44	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	175	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	667	10	91	566	657
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	527	6	67	454	520
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,518	187	236	2,095	2,331
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	800	38	148	614	762
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	448	13	73	362	435
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	32	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	424	28	104	292	396
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	57	3	5	49	54
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	67	3	6	59	65
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	184	738	922
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	58	178	236
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	76	107	266	373
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	46	72	116	188
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	22	22	29	52
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	14	10	12	23
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

OREGON

Table 85B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oregon; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	192	14	27	151	178
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	863	41	166	656	822
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	713	*	135	556	691
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	103	143	794	937
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

OREGON

Table 86A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oregon; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	24.03	9.46	38.61	23.49	25.37
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	31.22	13.96	51.12	30.20	32.80
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	21.84	8.93	35.24	21.29	23.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14.26	12.33	7.63	15.41	14.43
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	4.11	4.81	14.07	2.25	3.95
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	4.41	1.86	5.73	4.49	4.64
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.03	0.14	4.90	1.82	2.20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	56.23	46.30	50.43	58.09	57.13
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.40	0.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	78.19	53.43	74.52	81.24	80.41
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	5.62	2.50	14.51	4.69	5.91
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.18	0.08	0.48	1.39	1.28
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.82	1.87	4.42	3.93	3.99
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.67	1.87	4.69	3.71	3.83
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	54.05	8.50	55.25	58.63	58.22
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	22.33	3.78	32.93	22.77	24.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.54	36.86	34.11	41.83	40.87
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	17.90	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	9.25	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	37.08	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.18	3.12	21.93	19.23	19.56
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	14.36	2.03	16.07	15.41	15.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.72	61.06	56.95	71.18	69.42
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	21.85	12.52	35.69	20.87	22.71
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	12.23	4.37	17.64	12.29	12.95
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.90	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	11.58	9.24	25.05	9.92	11.80
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.55	0.94	1.28	1.65	1.60
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.84	0.94	1.34	2.00	1.92
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	44.49	25.07	27.48
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.99	6.04	7.03
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	24.96	25.77	9.04	11.11
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	15.00	17.34	3.95	5.61
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.15	5.38	1.00	1.54
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.48	2.48	0.42	0.68
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

OREGON

Table 86B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Oregon; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.25	4.77	6.38	5.13	5.29
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	23.54	13.52	39.46	22.28	24.45
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	79.09	*	83.05	79.16	79.91
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	33.88	33.89	26.96	27.84
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 87A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Pennsylvania; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,754	71	336	1,346	1,682
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	2,131	100	452	1,578	2,031
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,500	56	311	1,133	1,444
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,331	204	148	1,979	2,127
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	138	37	58	43	101
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	407	18	59	331	389
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	215	1	45	169	214
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	7,317	472	762	6,084	6,846
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	3	36	39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	9,122	539	1,047	7,536	8,583
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	271	14	86	172	258
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	69	1	6	62	68
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	328	17	39	272	311
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	360	17	40	303	343
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	5,630	68	707	4,854	5,561
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	2,298	34	416	1,847	2,263
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,462	379	459	3,624	4,083
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	224	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	122	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	546	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	2,306	24	218	2,064	2,282
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,691	13	146	1,532	1,678
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	7,551	599	838	6,114	6,952
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,907	80	356	1,471	1,827
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	1,165	32	226	907	1,132
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	83	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	983	64	212	707	919
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	246	10	14	222	236
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	256	9	16	231	247
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	487	1,864	2,352
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	164	428	591
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	193	283	626	909
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	127	178	303	481
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	58	60	73	133
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	36	27	33	60
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 87B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Pennsylvania; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	598	43	56	499	554
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	2,182	98	395	1,690	2,085
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,565	60	323	1,182	1,505
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	310	402	2,091	2,494
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 88A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Pennsylvania; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	15.82	7.58	25.82	15.22	16.59
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	19.23	10.65	34.71	17.86	20.03
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	13.54	5.96	23.86	12.82	14.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.02	21.71	11.35	22.39	20.96
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.17	4.06	8.01	0.88	1.86
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.67	1.87	4.49	3.74	3.84
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.94	0.12	3.45	1.91	2.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.02	50.08	58.49	68.82	67.48
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.25	0.41	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.33	57.29	80.32	85.25	84.61
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.45	1.44	6.57	1.94	2.54
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.62	0.09	0.45	0.71	0.67
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.96	1.84	2.97	3.08	3.06
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.25	1.81	3.09	3.42	3.38
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	50.79	7.26	54.27	54.91	54.83
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.73	3.66	31.96	20.89	22.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.25	40.22	35.25	40.99	40.25
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.80	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.64	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.50	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	20.80	2.57	16.70	23.35	22.49
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	15.25	1.38	11.19	17.33	16.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.12	63.61	64.32	69.16	68.54
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.21	8.55	27.28	16.64	18.01
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.51	3.44	17.32	10.26	11.16
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.85	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.87	6.76	16.30	8.00	9.06
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.22	1.01	1.10	2.51	2.33
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.31	0.99	1.19	2.61	2.43
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.39	21.09	23.18
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.56	4.84	5.83
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.50	21.71	7.08	8.96
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.46	13.69	3.42	4.74
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.18	4.62	0.83	1.31
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.83	2.10	0.37	0.59
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 88B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Pennsylvania; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.38	4.61	4.17	5.64	5.45
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.64	10.46	29.51	19.11	20.48
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.23	58.73	85.10	70.20	72.90
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	33.19	30.05	23.66	24.50
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

RHODE ISLAND

Table 89A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Rhode Island; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	188	8	42	138	181
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	242	9	58	175	234
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	171	5	38	128	166
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	168	14	11	144	154
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	14	3	6	4	11
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	39	2	7	30	37
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	23	0	5	18	23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	607	35	74	498	571
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	5	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	777	40	98	639	737
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	39	1	12	26	38
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	7	0	0	6	7
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	32	2	4	27	31
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	35	1	4	30	34
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	510	5	70	434	504
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	244	3	49	192	241
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	412	29	48	335	382
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	25	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	15	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	45	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	193	2	26	165	191
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	158	1	19	138	157
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	664	48	81	535	616
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	206	8	41	157	198
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	116	3	22	92	114
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	114	7	27	80	107
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	17	1	1	15	16
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	20	1	1	18	19
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	48	168	216
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	14	41	55
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	16	25	60	86
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	10	16	26	41
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	4	6	7	13
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3	3	3	6
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

RHODE ISLAND

Table 89B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Rhode Island; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	51	3	8	40	48
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	236	9	46	180	227
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	195	*	39	151	190
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	25	42	166	208
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

RHODE ISLAND

Table 90A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Rhode Island; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	19.88	10.31	34.30	18.45	20.68
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	25.57	11.60	47.22	23.39	26.74
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	18.08	6.68	31.14	17.07	19.04
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.71	18.37	8.58	19.15	17.66
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.89	4.83	11.78	1.20	2.58
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	4.07	2.18	5.96	3.94	4.23
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.48	0.17	4.00	2.45	2.67
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.04	48.10	59.52	66.33	65.37
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.22	0.71	0.64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.04	53.87	79.46	85.16	84.36
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	4.06	1.27	9.40	3.46	4.30
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.70	0.09	0.36	0.82	0.76
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.39	2.07	3.02	3.57	3.50
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.73	2.02	3.17	3.99	3.87
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	53.81	7.20	56.84	57.88	57.73
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	25.73	4.21	39.58	25.57	27.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.47	39.93	38.59	44.61	43.76
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	21.06	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.20	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	37.82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	20.37	2.83	21.29	21.93	21.84
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	16.66	1.62	15.09	18.39	17.92
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.10	64.57	65.84	71.34	70.56
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	21.72	11.03	33.09	20.90	22.61
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	12.27	3.63	17.48	12.26	13.00
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.47	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	11.99	9.39	22.04	10.60	12.21
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.81	0.97	1.04	2.01	1.88
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.09	0.96	1.15	2.35	2.19
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	38.77	22.35	24.67
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.41	5.48	6.31
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	22.15	20.34	8.05	9.78
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.98	12.59	3.45	4.74
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.98	4.98	0.98	1.54
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.78	2.06	0.43	0.66
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

RHODE ISLAND

Table 90B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Rhode Island; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.39	3.85	6.41	5.37	5.52
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	24.87	12.13	37.33	24.05	25.92
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.80	*	83.03	78.38	79.32
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	34.07	33.67	22.11	23.74
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 91A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Carolina; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	538	28	126	384	510
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	730	45	172	513	685
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	478	24	115	340	454
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	944	98	60	786	846
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	52	16	23	13	36
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	140	8	22	110	132
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	74	1	17	57	74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,125	222	331	2,572	2,903
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	24	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,729	247	416	3,066	3,482
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	96	5	33	58	91
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	48	0	2	45	47
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	146	7	20	119	139
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	148	7	18	122	140
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,107	26	259	1,822	2,081
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	935	12	142	781	923
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,935	171	203	1,561	1,764
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	81	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	41	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	243	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	988	10	95	883	978
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	798	5	68	725	793
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,018	246	327	2,445	2,772
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	652	30	130	492	622
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	402	10	71	320	391
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	26	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	371	24	87	260	347
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	97	4	7	85	92
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	106	4	7	94	102
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	163	739	902
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	54	162	216
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	72	80	240	319
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	50	61	127	188
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	25	25	32	57
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	15	12	15	27
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 91B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Carolina; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	213	20	30	163	193
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	834	47	157	629	786
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	614	29	123	462	585
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	120	139	759	898
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 92A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Carolina; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	12.13	6.90	24.36	10.92	12.65
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	16.47	11.20	33.19	14.60	16.99
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	10.79	5.98	22.12	9.66	11.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.28	24.43	11.61	22.36	20.97
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.99	4.23	7.67	0.69	1.61
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.15	1.88	4.23	3.14	3.28
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.68	0.14	3.27	1.62	1.83
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.49	55.50	63.79	73.17	71.95
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.20	0.70	0.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.14	61.66	80.24	87.22	86.32
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.17	1.36	6.38	1.64	2.25
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.07	0.10	0.43	1.28	1.17
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.29	1.82	3.79	3.38	3.43
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.33	1.80	3.54	3.47	3.48
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	47.52	6.44	50.01	51.83	51.60
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.09	2.96	27.44	22.21	22.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.64	42.76	39.11	44.41	43.73
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.98	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.16	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.15	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	22.28	2.40	18.34	25.12	24.25
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.99	1.25	13.10	20.62	19.66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.07	61.50	63.08	69.54	68.71
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	14.70	7.44	25.06	13.99	15.42
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.06	2.60	13.76	9.10	9.70
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4.57	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.36	6.01	16.70	7.40	8.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.18	1.11	1.41	2.42	2.29
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.39	1.09	1.44	2.68	2.52
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	31.41	21.01	22.35
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.43	4.62	5.37
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	17.88	15.40	6.81	7.92
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.55	11.77	3.62	4.67
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.28	4.87	0.90	1.41
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.81	2.23	0.44	0.67
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 92B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Carolina; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.76	5.03	5.55	4.61	4.73
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	18.62	11.78	29.43	17.76	19.29
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	74.74	60.20	80.63	74.42	75.64
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	29.88	26.00	21.42	22.03
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 93A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Dakota; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	87	5	18	64	82
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	122	7	30	85	115
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	80	4	18	58	76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	137	14	8	115	123
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	9	2	4	3	7
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	26	1	4	21	24
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	9	0	3	6	9
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	482	35	51	395	446
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	595	43	70	482	552
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	19	1	6	12	18
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	8	0	1	7	8
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	20	1	2	16	19
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	21	1	2	17	20
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	379	6	54	319	373
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	171	3	31	137	168
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	288	30	30	228	258
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	18	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	11	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	41	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	164	2	18	143	161
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	133	1	12	119	132
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	466	46	50	369	420
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	128	6	27	94	121
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	83	2	18	63	81
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	67	4	16	47	63
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	15	1	1	13	14
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	15	1	1	14	14
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37	129	166
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13	30	43
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	14	19	43	63
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	11	13	25	37
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5	5	5	10
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3	2	3	5
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 93B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Dakota; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	41	3	5	32	38
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	150	8	31	111	143
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	105	*	27	73	100
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	23	32	135	167
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 94A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Dakota; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	11.77	6.48	19.29	11.25	12.37
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	16.45	9.38	31.84	14.88	17.24
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	10.79	5.31	19.14	10.16	11.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.52	19.38	8.65	20.01	18.42
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.92	2.72	6.79	0.86	1.76
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.49	1.93	4.00	3.61	3.66
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.26	0.11	3.48	1.05	1.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.02	47.00	55.10	68.97	67.03
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.48	0.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.36	57.12	74.88	84.24	82.93
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.54	1.59	6.46	2.03	2.65
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.05	0.08	1.07	1.17	1.16
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.67	1.73	2.26	2.87	2.78
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.82	1.73	2.53	3.01	2.94
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	51.09	7.59	57.47	55.76	56.00
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	23.02	4.09	32.88	23.90	25.16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.86	39.55	32.47	39.81	38.78
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.31	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10.55	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.28	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	22.09	2.88	19.66	25.00	24.25
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.95	1.92	12.98	20.85	19.75
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	62.88	61.67	54.03	64.47	63.01
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.22	8.23	29.26	16.45	18.24
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.24	3.17	19.64	10.94	12.15
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.92	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.02	5.41	17.17	8.17	9.42
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.00	0.88	0.97	2.31	2.12
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.04	0.89	0.98	2.36	2.17
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.27	22.56	24.89
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.81	5.31	6.50
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.21	20.65	7.57	9.40
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.33	13.49	4.31	5.59
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.05	5.48	0.88	1.52
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.88	2.53	0.45	0.74
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 94B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in South Dakota; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.49	4.27	5.64	5.62	5.62
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.09	10.15	33.09	19.23	21.19
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.18	*	83.54	69.62	72.88
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.17	33.42	23.35	24.77
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

TENNESSEE

Table 95A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Tennessee; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	704	32	151	521	672
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,044	58	230	757	986
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	601	27	140	435	575
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,223	118	68	1,037	1,105
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	78	23	34	21	55
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	223	10	33	180	213
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	92	1	24	67	91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,155	284	447	3,424	3,871
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	2	35	36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,912	308	547	4,057	4,604
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	201	9	61	132	193
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	84	1	5	78	83
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	227	9	29	188	217
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	247	9	29	210	238
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,618	36	323	2,259	2,582
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,189	18	191	980	1,171
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,562	230	272	2,060	2,332
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	112	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	63	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	339	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,495	15	135	1,344	1,480
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	1,193	8	100	1,084	1,185
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,775	316	406	3,053	3,459
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	938	51	176	710	887
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	564	18	100	447	547
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	45	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	571	37	126	409	534
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	120	5	10	105	115
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	143	5	10	128	138
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	269	1,101	1,370
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	88	280	369
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	111	145	338	483
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	77	100	174	275
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	37	40	45	85
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	22	17	23	40
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

TENNESSEE

Table 95B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Tennessee; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	335	27	36	273	309
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,138	70	191	877	1,068
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	806	41	163	602	765
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	166	208	1,013	1,221
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

TENNESSEE

Table 96A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Tennessee; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	11.90	5.86	21.49	11.15	12.50
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	17.65	10.69	32.62	16.19	18.35
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	10.16	4.90	19.85	9.31	10.69
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.66	21.81	9.68	22.19	20.54
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.34	4.86	8.35	0.82	1.89
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.77	1.87	4.68	3.85	3.96
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.55	0.13	3.35	1.44	1.69
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.21	52.40	63.44	73.28	71.99
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.24	0.74	0.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.04	56.94	77.61	86.83	85.62
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.40	1.60	8.62	2.82	3.58
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.41	0.10	0.77	1.66	1.54
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.83	1.74	4.16	4.02	4.04
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	4.18	1.71	4.06	4.48	4.43
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	44.23	6.58	45.84	48.34	48.02
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	20.08	3.30	27.15	20.96	21.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.29	42.47	38.65	44.08	43.37
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.79	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.68	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	41.62	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	25.25	2.71	19.22	28.77	27.52
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	20.16	1.56	14.26	23.20	22.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	63.79	58.42	57.60	65.34	64.32
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	15.85	9.47	25.05	15.20	16.49
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	9.54	3.25	14.19	9.56	10.17
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.57	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.65	6.78	17.83	8.74	9.93
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.03	0.98	1.39	2.25	2.14
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.42	1.00	1.47	2.73	2.57
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	38.16	23.56	25.47
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.52	6.00	6.85
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.50	20.54	7.23	8.97
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.16	14.24	3.73	5.11
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.76	5.69	0.97	1.58
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.13	2.45	0.49	0.75
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

TENNESSEE

Table 96B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Tennessee; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.63	4.90	5.04	5.80	5.70
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.10	12.92	26.53	18.67	19.72
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	70.79	60.95	82.55	68.93	71.39
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.76	28.90	21.56	22.53
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

TEXAS

Table 97A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Texas; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	2,520	140	625	1,754	2,380
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	3,613	229	957	2,427	3,384
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	2,213	119	606	1,488	2,094
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	6,202	668	395	5,138	5,534
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	302	95	129	78	207
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	610	41	106	463	568
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	322	4	89	229	318
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	16,762	1,316	1,991	13,455	15,447
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	3	48	51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	20,180	1,522	2,592	16,066	18,658
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	532	32	175	325	500
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	200	3	10	187	196
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	771	51	102	619	720
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	801	51	100	650	751
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	10,870	173	1,500	9,196	10,696
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	5,358	92	849	4,417	5,266
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	11,066	1,107	1,318	8,641	9,959
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	537	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	287	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	1,684	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	4,643	51	495	4,096	4,592
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	3,627	35	299	3,293	3,592
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	16,880	1,604	2,117	13,159	15,276
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	3,585	204	758	2,622	3,380
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	2,512	90	492	1,930	2,422
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	214	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	1,762	142	446	1,173	1,620
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	451	28	41	382	423
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	461	28	43	390	433
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	1,084	3,713	4,797
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	356	829	1,185
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	483	614	1,212	1,826
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	316	421	669	1,090
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	143	160	174	334
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	87	90	67	157
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

TEXAS

Table 97B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Texas; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	976	130	147	699	846
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	4,238	302	819	3,117	3,936
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	3,278	179	677	2,422	3,099
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	714	647	3,252	3,899
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

TEXAS

Table 98A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Texas; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	10.28	5.34	19.25	9.42	10.87
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	14.74	8.73	29.45	13.04	15.46
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	9.03	4.53	18.67	7.99	9.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.33	25.45	12.17	27.60	25.31
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.91	3.70	6.47	0.70	1.57
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	2.49	1.57	3.26	2.48	2.60
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.31	0.14	2.73	1.23	1.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.47	50.09	61.31	72.27	70.65
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.10	0.26	0.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.45	57.93	79.81	86.30	85.33
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.17	1.23	5.40	1.74	2.28
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.82	0.12	0.29	1.00	0.90
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.15	1.92	3.13	3.32	3.29
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.27	1.93	3.09	3.49	3.43
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	44.37	6.61	46.19	49.39	48.91
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.88	3.51	26.13	23.73	24.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.18	42.16	40.58	46.41	45.54
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.65	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.29	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	42.77	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	18.96	1.95	15.25	22.00	21.00
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	14.82	1.35	9.21	17.69	16.43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.92	61.07	65.17	70.69	69.86
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	14.63	7.79	23.34	14.09	15.45
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.25	3.41	15.14	10.37	11.08
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.44	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	7.19	5.43	13.74	6.30	7.41
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.84	1.06	1.26	2.05	1.94
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.88	1.07	1.31	2.10	1.98
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	33.37	19.94	21.94
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10.97	4.45	5.42
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18.40	18.90	6.51	8.35
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	12.05	12.97	3.59	4.98
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.45	4.94	0.93	1.53
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.33	2.76	0.36	0.72
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

TEXAS

Table 98B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Texas; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	3.95	4.96	4.38	3.72	3.82
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	17.13	11.49	24.50	16.60	17.79
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	77.13	59.02	82.03	77.60	78.54
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	27.16	19.35	17.32	17.62
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

UTAH

Table 99A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Utah; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	311	18	84	208	293
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	387	23	112	252	364
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	259	12	75	172	247
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	609	101	60	448	508
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	39	10	19	10	29
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	105	5	19	81	99
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	37	1	13	23	36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,806	164	260	1,382	1,642
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	9	10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,172	193	349	1,629	1,979
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	89	6	32	51	83
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	32	0	3	29	31
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	91	5	13	73	86
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	90	5	15	70	85
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	794	10	147	637	784
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	374	6	75	293	368
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,243	162	163	918	1,081
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	49	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	25	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	225	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	342	6	61	276	337
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	258	5	34	219	253
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,947	230	304	1,413	1,718
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	358	18	89	251	340
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	221	7	53	161	214
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	24	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	219	18	61	141	202
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	47	3	6	38	43
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	52	3	6	43	49
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	174	526	700
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	55	137	192
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	62	93	170	263
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	44	69	102	171
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	21	21	19	40
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	14	10	8	18
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

UTAH

Table 99B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Utah; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	123	14	23	86	110
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	429	32	103	294	397
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	319	19	89	211	300
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	102	140	527	667
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

UTAH

Table 100A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Utah; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	11.32	5.31	19.10	10.65	12.17
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	14.14	6.96	25.32	12.89	15.15
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	9.45	3.65	17.06	8.76	10.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.28	30.09	13.61	22.88	21.18
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	1.64	2.15	5.12	0.66	1.54
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.82	1.58	4.28	4.11	4.14
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.33	0.17	2.89	1.18	1.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.06	48.67	58.76	70.63	68.46
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.22	0.47	0.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	79.46	57.46	79.05	83.26	82.48
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.24	1.77	7.24	2.59	3.44
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.16	0.10	0.57	1.47	1.30
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.34	1.56	3.01	3.72	3.59
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.29	1.55	3.30	3.59	3.54
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	28.98	2.93	33.31	32.53	32.64
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	13.69	1.91	16.95	14.98	15.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.43	48.21	36.85	46.90	45.04
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	9.63	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4.90	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	44.31	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	12.54	1.68	13.76	14.11	14.05
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	9.44	1.44	7.74	11.18	10.56
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.17	68.22	68.87	72.22	71.59
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	13.08	5.43	20.19	12.81	14.15
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	8.07	1.99	11.97	8.24	8.92
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4.66	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.01	5.23	13.77	7.19	8.40
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.71	1.01	1.26	1.93	1.81
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.90	1.02	1.33	2.18	2.03
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.42	26.88	29.19
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.50	7.00	8.02
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	18.33	21.10	8.67	10.96
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.04	15.64	5.20	7.12
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.24	4.65	1.00	1.67
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.07	2.23	0.42	0.75
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

UTAH

Table 100B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Utah; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.47	4.07	5.15	4.38	4.52
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	15.51	9.39	22.56	14.92	16.35
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	72.67	59.75	80.91	70.98	73.67
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	30.42	30.76	26.72	27.47
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

VERMONT

Table 101A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Vermont; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	149	4	29	116	145
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	187	6	39	141	181
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	137	4	28	106	134
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	68	6	4	58	62
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	8	2	4	2	6
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	20	1	4	15	19
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	16	0	4	12	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	326	20	36	271	307
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	3	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	454	23	55	376	431
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	24	1	9	14	23
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	3	0	0	2	3
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	16	1	2	13	15
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	18	1	2	15	17
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	325	4	46	275	321
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	152	2	31	119	150
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	216	13	24	179	203
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	15	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	120	1	15	104	119
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	98	1	11	86	97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	388	29	45	315	360
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	124	4	25	95	120
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	67	2	13	52	66
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	71	4	18	50	68
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	9	0	1	8	9
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	13	0	1	11	12
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	28	112	141
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	10	25	35
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	8	16	38	54
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	6	10	18	28
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	2	3	5	7
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	2	2	2	3
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

VERMONT

Table 101B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Vermont; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	32	2	5	25	30
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	127	4	27	95	123
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	94	*	22	70	92
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	14	30	141	170
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

VERMONT

Table 102A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Vermont; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	26.16	9.36	39.62	25.59	27.53
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	32.90	14.77	53.77	31.26	34.37
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	24.18	8.58	38.76	23.31	25.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	11.93	13.51	5.28	12.86	11.81
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	4.32	6.19	15.92	1.67	3.93
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.52	2.04	5.60	3.33	3.65
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	2.78	0.16	4.96	2.67	2.99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	57.43	45.66	49.47	59.81	58.37
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.29	0.73	0.67
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	79.93	53.66	75.52	83.06	82.02
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	4.30	2.27	12.38	3.19	4.47
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.52	0.06	0.61	0.54	0.55
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.83	1.61	2.66	2.97	2.93
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.12	1.61	2.85	3.31	3.24
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	57.24	8.90	63.71	60.76	61.16
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	26.82	5.26	42.43	26.35	28.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.04	31.55	32.63	39.51	38.56
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	22.29	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	15.23	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	30.58	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	21.13	3.11	20.58	22.92	22.60
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	17.24	1.79	15.22	19.02	18.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.34	66.87	61.64	69.56	68.46
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	21.84	10.10	34.45	20.92	22.79
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.81	3.80	18.42	11.50	12.46
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.84	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	12.55	8.28	24.04	11.10	12.90
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.67	0.90	0.89	1.86	1.73
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.21	0.90	1.00	2.53	2.32
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	38.98	24.84	26.80
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.38	5.60	6.68
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.25	21.50	8.48	10.29
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.07	13.51	4.04	5.35
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.33	3.98	1.00	1.41
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.28	2.14	0.39	0.63
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

VERMONT

Table 102B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Vermont; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	5.54	3.87	6.55	5.54	5.68
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	22.26	10.27	37.79	20.91	23.23
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	75.22	*	83.04	73.61	75.70
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	32.99	40.74	30.93	32.28
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

VIRGINIA

Table 103A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Virginia; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,071	51	232	787	1,020
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,409	72	322	1,015	1,336
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	957	42	215	699	914
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,527	132	83	1,312	1,395
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	94	27	40	27	67
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	234	13	42	179	221
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	135	1	34	100	134
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,864	323	515	4,026	4,541
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	24	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	6,013	361	686	4,966	5,652
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	174	7	64	103	167
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	30	1	3	27	30
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	194	11	24	160	183
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	204	11	23	170	193
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	3,670	46	484	3,140	3,624
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,551	20	278	1,252	1,530
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,120	275	328	2,517	2,845
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	165	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	87	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	403	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,301	13	159	1,129	1,288
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	991	8	95	888	983
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,028	423	543	4,062	4,605
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,224	50	233	941	1,173
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	794	20	152	622	774
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	60	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	607	37	142	428	570
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	124	6	9	108	118
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	140	6	9	124	133
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	304	1,166	1,470
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	102	268	370
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	133	177	346	523
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	88	111	203	314
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	39	37	49	86
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	24	19	17	36
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

VIRGINIA

Table 103B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Virginia; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	313	22	41	250	291
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,414	71	267	1,076	1,343
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,054	49	221	785	1,006
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	188	256	1,326	1,582
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

VIRGINIA

Table 104A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Virginia; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	14.76	7.80	26.34	13.78	15.46
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	19.42	10.99	36.44	17.76	20.26
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	13.19	6.45	24.38	12.23	13.86
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.05	20.17	9.37	22.96	21.14
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.32	4.70	8.51	0.89	1.91
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.23	2.01	4.73	3.13	3.35
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.86	0.18	3.86	1.74	2.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	67.07	49.14	58.38	70.45	68.83
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.17	0.42	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.94	54.98	77.70	86.91	85.67
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.40	1.13	7.21	1.80	2.52
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.42	0.09	0.37	0.47	0.45
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.68	1.63	2.68	2.80	2.78
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.81	1.66	2.62	2.97	2.93
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	50.59	6.95	54.86	54.95	54.94
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.38	3.12	31.55	21.91	23.20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.02	41.87	37.14	44.06	43.13
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.68	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.83	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	40.72	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	17.94	1.98	17.99	19.76	19.53
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	13.66	1.17	10.71	15.55	14.90
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.32	64.43	61.53	71.09	69.81
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	16.87	7.69	26.36	16.46	17.79
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	10.95	3.00	17.25	10.89	11.74
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.08	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.37	5.70	16.06	7.49	8.63
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.71	0.93	1.04	1.90	1.78
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.92	0.93	1.05	2.17	2.02
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	34.48	20.40	22.28
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.58	4.69	5.61
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	20.22	20.07	6.06	7.94
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.37	12.60	3.55	4.76
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	5.93	4.13	0.86	1.30
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.65	2.14	0.31	0.55
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

VIRGINIA

Table 104B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Virginia; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.30	3.42	4.59	4.36	4.39
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.42	10.82	29.82	18.78	20.27
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	76.94	67.51	83.55	75.89	77.45
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	28.71	28.58	23.16	23.89
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WASHINGTON

Table 105A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Washington; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	1,493	55	251	1,187	1,438
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	1,915	73	328	1,514	1,842
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	1,385	50	230	1,105	1,335
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,125	91	80	954	1,034
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	93	24	33	36	68
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	259	11	40	208	248
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	122	1	35	86	121
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,977	274	400	3,302	3,703
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	23	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	5,184	307	563	4,314	4,877
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	244	11	80	153	233
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	82	0	5	77	82
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	186	10	20	156	176
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	187	10	22	155	177
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	3,264	41	367	2,857	3,223
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,309	17	199	1,093	1,292
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,755	213	272	2,269	2,541
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	147	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	70	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	329	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	1,069	17	133	919	1,052
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	844	11	79	753	833
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,631	366	463	3,802	4,264
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	1,277	63	238	976	1,214
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	769	23	141	605	746
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	62	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	768	54	167	548	714
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	102	6	9	87	96
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	126	6	10	110	120
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	310	1,318	1,629
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	103	285	388
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	135	173	408	581
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	85	120	211	331
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	46	45	42	87
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	24	20	20	41
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WASHINGTON

Table 105B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Washington; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	306	23	38	245	283
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,445	67	244	1,133	1,377
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	1,158	42	218	898	1,116
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	181	235	1,207	1,442
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WASHINGTON

Table 106A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Washington; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	22.72	9.60	33.72	22.59	23.97
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	29.13	12.74	44.16	28.80	30.70
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	21.07	8.61	30.93	21.03	22.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.10	15.75	10.75	18.15	17.23
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.98	4.84	9.38	1.58	2.63
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.94	1.93	5.38	3.95	4.13
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.85	0.14	4.73	1.63	2.01
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	60.49	47.67	53.86	62.82	61.70
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.18	0.44	0.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	78.89	53.35	75.72	82.07	81.28
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.71	1.91	10.79	2.91	3.88
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.25	0.08	0.62	1.47	1.36
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.83	1.78	2.67	2.97	2.93
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.85	1.78	2.94	2.95	2.95
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	49.65	7.04	49.33	54.34	53.73
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	19.91	2.91	26.82	20.79	21.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.90	37.05	36.59	43.17	42.36
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	16.47	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.90	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	36.82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	16.26	2.95	17.96	17.48	17.53
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	12.83	1.87	10.66	14.33	13.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.44	63.67	62.24	72.32	71.08
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	19.42	10.96	31.98	18.57	20.23
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.69	3.92	19.03	11.50	12.43
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.94	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	11.68	9.39	22.44	10.42	11.90
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.54	1.00	1.23	1.65	1.60
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.92	1.01	1.32	2.10	2.00
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	41.76	25.08	27.14
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.87	5.41	6.46
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	23.39	23.22	7.77	9.68
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.79	16.14	4.01	5.51
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	8.07	6.00	0.80	1.44
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.16	2.72	0.39	0.68
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WASHINGTON

Table 106B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Washington; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.62	4.00	5.05	4.63	4.68
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	21.85	11.79	32.26	21.46	22.81
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	78.89	64.67	85.06	78.27	79.53
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.71	31.07	22.85	23.88
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 107A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in West Virginia; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	242	9	48	185	233
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	283	14	60	208	268
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	217	8	42	167	209
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	304	28	14	263	277
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	16	5	7	5	11
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	61	2	8	50	58
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	24	0	5	19	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,082	67	109	906	1,015
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	13	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,285	78	139	1,067	1,207
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	33	2	13	18	31
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	33	0	2	32	33
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	55	2	5	47	53
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	60	2	6	52	58
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	506	7	81	419	500
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	253	3	46	203	249
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	658	52	63	543	606
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	14	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	74	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	496	4	45	447	492
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	397	3	37	357	394
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	909	78	92	739	831
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	272	11	46	214	261
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	121	4	21	95	116
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	10	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	192	10	37	146	183
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	45	1	2	42	44
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	54	1	3	51	53
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	63	304	367
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	23	68	90
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	25	33	104	137
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	18	26	54	80
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	8	10	11	21
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	5	4	5	9
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 107B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in West Virginia; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	116	6	12	98	110
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	325	13	58	254	312
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	232	*	45	179	224
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	40	48	322	371
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 108A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in West Virginia; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	15.88	6.82	27.35	15.16	16.70
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	18.58	11.33	34.41	17.05	19.24
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	14.24	6.41	24.20	13.62	14.96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.95	21.72	7.75	21.53	19.79
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.04	4.63	7.31	0.76	1.62
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.99	1.90	4.52	4.13	4.18
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.61	0.16	2.86	1.57	1.74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.96	52.40	62.55	74.11	72.64
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.37	1.10	1.01
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.29	61.00	79.76	87.33	86.37
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.20	1.70	7.33	1.50	2.24
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	2.20	0.09	0.97	2.59	2.39
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.61	1.75	3.08	3.87	3.78
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.95	1.76	3.28	4.28	4.15
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	33.24	5.38	46.19	34.27	35.78
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	16.58	2.65	26.50	16.61	17.85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.16	40.91	36.17	44.41	43.37
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	12.00	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	7.51	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.85	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	32.54	3.24	25.65	36.60	35.22
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	26.02	2.32	21.41	29.17	28.19
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	59.65	61.41	52.90	60.43	59.48
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.87	8.96	26.58	17.54	18.68
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	7.91	3.25	12.29	7.77	8.34
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.30	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	12.63	7.72	21.09	11.93	13.08
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.96	0.91	1.37	3.40	3.14
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	3.57	0.93	1.55	4.14	3.81
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	36.27	24.84	26.28
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	12.91	5.54	6.47
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.85	19.11	8.49	9.83
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.90	14.80	4.40	5.71
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.27	5.76	0.92	1.53
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	3.87	2.47	0.41	0.67
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 108B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in West Virginia; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	7.63	4.91	6.65	8.06	7.88
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	21.41	10.07	32.75	20.91	22.44
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	66.89	*	79.94	64.60	67.24
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.43	27.25	26.49	26.59
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WISCONSIN

Table 109A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wisconsin; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	695	34	173	488	661
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	946	55	248	643	891
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	610	26	159	425	584
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,007	100	60	847	907
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	70	22	30	18	48
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	162	8	27	126	154
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	86	1	23	62	86
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,271	223	354	2,695	3,048
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	1	12	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,091	254	484	3,354	3,838
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	153	7	62	84	146
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	36	0	4	32	35
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	122	7	14	101	115
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	136	7	15	114	129
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	2,933	47	383	2,503	2,886
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	1,444	27	254	1,163	1,417
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,962	175	210	1,578	1,788
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	149	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	95	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	250	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	972	10	122	840	962
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	764	8	86	670	756
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,273	273	382	2,618	3,000
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	891	47	188	656	844
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	568	18	105	445	551
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	48	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	465	36	120	309	429
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	104	5	6	93	99
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	105	5	6	94	101
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	246	836	1,082
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	69	200	269
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	89	124	288	412
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	63	83	153	236
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	32	35	39	74
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	19	15	16	31
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WISCONSIN

Table 109B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wisconsin; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	236	23	35	177	212
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	989	57	211	720	932
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	756	34	169	553	723
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	142	198	978	1,176
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WISCONSIN

Table 110A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wisconsin; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	13.82	7.50	27.77	12.35	14.45
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	18.80	12.02	39.90	16.27	19.48
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	12.12	5.73	25.55	10.75	12.76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.01	21.91	9.64	21.43	19.82
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.53	5.87	9.53	0.82	1.96
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.22	1.80	4.39	3.20	3.36
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.71	0.13	3.71	1.58	1.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.03	48.76	56.83	68.18	66.63
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.20	0.31	0.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.36	55.50	77.73	84.87	83.89
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	3.04	1.57	10.01	2.12	3.19
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	0.71	0.07	0.59	0.80	0.77
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	2.43	1.58	2.20	2.56	2.51
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	2.70	1.59	2.39	2.88	2.82
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	58.28	10.24	61.56	63.33	63.08
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	28.70	5.97	40.75	29.43	30.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.00	38.21	33.75	39.92	39.08
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	21.54	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	13.78	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	36.12	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	19.31	2.20	19.59	21.25	21.02
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	15.19	1.70	13.85	16.96	16.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	65.05	59.71	61.37	66.24	65.58
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	17.70	10.28	30.23	16.59	18.44
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.30	3.88	16.91	11.27	12.04
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6.95	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	9.25	7.93	19.32	7.81	9.38
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	2.07	1.02	0.95	2.36	2.17
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	2.09	1.01	1.01	2.38	2.20
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	39.58	21.15	23.66
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	11.11	5.07	5.89
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	19.41	19.90	7.29	9.01
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	13.69	13.32	3.88	5.16
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	7.05	5.58	0.99	1.61
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.22	2.42	0.39	0.67
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WISCONSIN

Table 110B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wisconsin; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	4.67	5.11	5.58	4.48	4.63
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	19.62	12.65	33.51	18.20	20.30
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	76.57	58.75	82.97	76.17	77.65
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.34	31.41	24.69	25.62
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WYOMING

Table 111A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wyoming; by Age Group, Annual Average Numbers (in Thousands), 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	55	3	12	40	52
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	80	5	18	57	75
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	49	2	11	36	47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	92	10	5	76	82
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	6	1	3	2	4
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	18	1	2	15	17
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	6	0	2	4	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	316	24	33	259	292
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0	2	2
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	393	27	45	321	366
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	14	1	4	9	13
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	7	0	0	6	7
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	16	2	2	13	14
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	16	2	2	12	14
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	235	3	32	200	232
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	107	2	18	87	105
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	200	19	20	161	181
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	9	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	6	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	25	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	118	1	16	101	117
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	91	1	9	80	89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	315	29	31	255	286
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	93	5	17	72	89
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	57	2	11	45	56
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	4	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	43	3	10	31	41
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	9	0	1	8	8
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	9	0	1	8	9
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	22	99	121
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	8	25	33
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	10	13	35	48
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	7	8	17	26
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	3	3	4	7
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	2	1	2	3
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WYOMING

Table 111B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wyoming; by Age Group, Numbers (in Thousands), 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	32	3	5	25	30
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	101	6	21	74	95
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	74	*	17	53	71
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁶	--	15	22	105	127
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-estimated-totals-state. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.

231006

WYOMING

Table 112A – Substance Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Substance Use Disorder, and Mental Health Measures: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wyoming; by Age Group, Annual Average Percentages, 2021 and 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month^1,2	11.18	6.06	20.64	10.38	11.75
Marijuana Use in the Past Year³	16.45	10.02	31.60	14.94	17.15
Marijuana Use in the Past Month³	10.10	4.03	19.46	9.43	10.76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.74	20.69	9.34	19.93	18.52
First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year among Those at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use^3,4,5	2.26	3.56	7.88	0.87	1.98
Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month^1,2	3.61	1.88	3.61	3.82	3.80
Cocaine Use in the Past Year	1.17	0.13	2.97	1.03	1.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.77	49.53	57.63	67.77	66.42
Heroin Use in the Past Year⁶	--	--	0.21	0.42	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.46	56.23	76.94	84.01	83.06
Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year	2.81	2.18	6.47	2.32	2.87
Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year	1.43	0.14	0.85	1.68	1.57
Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year²	3.26	3.48	2.80	3.30	3.23
Opioid Misuse in the Past Year^2,7	3.20	3.44	3.09	3.19	3.17
ALCOHOL
Alcohol Use in the Past Month	48.18	6.70	55.05	52.38	52.73
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁸	21.82	3.53	31.51	22.65	23.83
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.93	39.36	34.04	42.18	41.10
Alcohol Use in the Past Month⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	14.01	--	--	--	--
Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month^8,9 (People Aged 12 to 20)	8.99	--	--	--	--
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week⁹ (People Aged 12 to 20)	38.25	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month¹⁰	24.22	2.91	27.26	26.45	26.56
Cigarette Use in the Past Month	18.56	2.65	16.08	20.95	20.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.55	61.40	52.98	66.72	64.89
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN THE PAST YEAR
Substance Use Disorder^11,12	19.15	9.43	28.49	18.94	20.21
Alcohol Use Disorder¹¹	11.74	3.29	19.28	11.65	12.66
Alcohol Use Disorder^9,11 (People Aged 12 to 20)	5.64	--	--	--	--
Drug Use Disorder^11,12	8.88	5.24	17.75	7.99	9.28
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^11,13	1.81	1.01	1.05	2.02	1.90
Opioid Use Disorder^11,13,14	1.90	1.02	1.14	2.13	2.00
MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES IN THE PAST YEAR
Any Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	37.90	25.84	27.44
Serious Mental Illness^5,15	--	--	13.42	6.56	7.47
Major Depressive Episode^5,16	--	21.70	22.53	9.14	10.92
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide^5,17	--	14.34	14.47	4.52	5.84
Made Any Suicide Plans^5,17	--	6.57	5.12	1.03	1.57
Attempted Suicide^5,17	--	4.57	2.29	0.45	0.69
-- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ⁴ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁵ For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because past year heroin use was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2021 and 2022 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. These estimates of opioid misuse do not include illegally made fentanyl. ⁸ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁹ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ¹⁰ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ¹¹ Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. The estimates in these rows include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ¹² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ¹³ Pain relievers are a type of prescription drug. ¹⁴ Opioid Use Disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliver use disorder. ¹⁵ Mental Illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹⁶ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM-5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹⁷ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021 and 2022.

231006

WYOMING

Table 112B – Substance Use Treatment and Mental Health Treatment: Among People Aged 12 or Older in Wyoming; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR
Received Substance Use Treatment^1,2,3	6.59	5.30	7.72	6.58	6.74
Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5	20.63	12.73	35.28	19.31	21.49
Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among those Classified as Needing Substance Use Treatment^2,3,4,5,6	69.40	*	80.50	67.30	70.11
RECEIVED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT IN THE PAST YEAR⁷	--	31.75	36.64	27.51	28.76
* = low precision; no estimate reported; -- = not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 37 in 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-state-prevalence-estimates. ¹ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime. These estimates include data from respondents who reported that they received any substance use treatment but did not report the substance for which they received treatment. ² Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ³ Because of the proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for treatment, the estimates in this table have added uncertainty. For details, see Section B of 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-2022-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ⁴ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication-assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁵ Substance use disorder estimates are based on DSM-5 criteria. Beginning with the 2021 NSDUH, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs. These estimates include prescription drug use disorder data from all past year users of prescription drugs. ⁶ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁+ X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are simultaneously modeled using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. ⁷ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, estimates for people aged 12 or older were not produced. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022.