National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2018-2019 State-Specific Tables of Model-Based Estimates (Totals and Percentages), SAMHSA, CBHSQ

201021

UNITED STATES

Table 1 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the United States, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	33,861	2,084	8,268	23,509	31,777
Past Year Marijuana Use	45,865	3,197	11,890	30,778	42,668
Past Month Marijuana Use	29,637	1,748	7,639	20,251	27,889
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	66,968	5,645	4,022	57,301	61,323
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3,524	1,269	1,502	752	2,254
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	9,094	591	2,056	6,447	8,503
Past Year Cocaine Use	5,499	104	1,878	3,517	5,394
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	193,724	13,453	21,225	159,045	180,271
Past Year Heroin Use	776	5	122	649	771
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	235,228	15,866	27,945	191,417	219,362
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1,933	42	274	1,616	1,891
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	9,836	631	1,806	7,399	9,205
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	139,783	2,289	18,540	118,953	137,493
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	66,453	1,190	11,718	53,545	65,263
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	123,048	10,734	12,882	99,432	112,314
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	7,096	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	4,272	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	58,423	1,000	8,498	48,926	57,424
Past Month Cigarette Use	46,420	622	6,216	39,582	45,798
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	196,304	16,225	22,655	157,424	180,080
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	8,204	788	2,556	4,859	7,416
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	1,530	95	222	1,213	1,435
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	14,661	407	3,278	10,976	14,254
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	20,331	1,017	4,944	14,369	19,314
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	7,420	745	2,401	4,275	6,676
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	13,977	400	3,163	10,415	13,578
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	18,898	968	4,685	13,245	17,930
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9,437	40,127	49,564
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	2,759	9,485	12,244
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	5,485	33,380	38,866
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	3,755	4,905	13,862	18,767
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	3,859	7,576	11,434
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	1,250	2,160	3,411
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	633	790	1,422
-- Not available. NOTE: Numbers in this table are based on national design-based estimates. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

UNITED STATES

Table 2 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the United States, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.34	8.37	24.40	10.90	12.73
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.71	12.84	35.09	14.27	17.10
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.80	7.02	22.54	9.39	11.17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	24.39	22.67	11.87	26.56	24.56
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.31	5.70	8.39	0.67	1.73
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.31	2.37	6.07	2.99	3.41
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.00	0.42	5.54	1.63	2.16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.59	54.03	62.64	73.73	72.22
Past Year Heroin Use	0.28	0.02	0.36	0.30	0.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.73	63.72	82.47	88.74	87.89
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.70	0.17	0.81	0.75	0.76
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.58	2.53	5.33	3.43	3.69
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.92	9.19	54.72	55.15	55.09
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.21	4.78	34.58	24.82	26.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.83	43.11	38.02	46.10	45.00
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.67	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.24	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	21.28	4.01	25.08	22.68	23.01
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.91	2.50	18.34	18.35	18.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.52	65.16	66.86	72.98	72.15
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.99	3.16	7.54	2.25	2.97
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.56	0.38	0.65	0.56	0.57
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.34	1.64	9.67	5.09	5.71
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.41	4.08	14.59	6.66	7.74
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.70	2.99	7.09	1.98	2.67
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.09	1.60	9.33	4.83	5.44
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.88	3.89	13.83	6.14	7.18
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27.85	18.60	19.86
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.14	4.40	4.91
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	16.19	15.48	15.57
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.08	14.48	6.43	7.51
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.39	3.51	4.58
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.69	1.00	1.36
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.87	0.37	0.57
-- Not available. NOTE: The percentages in this table are based on national design-based estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 3 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Northeast Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	6,143	340	1,546	4,257	5,803
Past Year Marijuana Use	8,458	529	2,275	5,654	7,929
Past Month Marijuana Use	5,455	293	1,447	3,715	5,162
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	11,370	903	674	9,794	10,467
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	619	210	279	130	409
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	1,499	84	364	1,051	1,415
Past Year Cocaine Use	1,056	15	370	672	1,041
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	32,681	2,160	3,448	27,073	30,521
Past Year Heroin Use	173	1	26	145	172
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	41,021	2,613	4,807	33,601	38,408
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	195	6	30	159	189
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	1,480	76	272	1,133	1,404
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	25,790	390	3,427	21,973	25,400
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	12,027	201	2,308	9,519	11,827
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	21,223	1,693	2,072	17,459	19,530
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,249	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	788	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	9,213	143	1,426	7,644	9,070
Past Month Cigarette Use	7,371	85	1,026	6,259	7,286
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	35,350	2,671	4,020	28,658	32,679
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	1,426	116	465	845	1,310
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	233	15	36	182	218
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	2,525	67	588	1,870	2,458
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	3,505	150	912	2,442	3,355
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	1,301	111	424	767	1,190
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	2,377	65	571	1,741	2,312
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	3,222	145	858	2,220	3,078
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	1,644	6,876	8,520
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	473	1,559	2,032
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	1,047	6,384	7,431
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	542	839	2,326	3,165
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	660	1,287	1,946
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	201	350	551
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	101	150	251
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 4 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Northeast Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.86	8.56	26.58	11.21	13.25
Past Year Marijuana Use	17.70	13.30	39.12	14.88	18.10
Past Month Marijuana Use	11.42	7.37	24.88	9.78	11.79
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.78	22.71	11.59	25.78	23.88
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.44	5.99	9.82	0.70	1.87
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.14	2.12	6.26	2.77	3.23
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.21	0.38	6.35	1.77	2.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.41	54.31	59.29	71.26	69.67
Past Year Heroin Use	0.36	0.02	0.45	0.38	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.88	65.69	82.66	88.44	87.67
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.41	0.16	0.52	0.42	0.43
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.10	1.90	4.67	2.98	3.21
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	53.97	9.80	58.93	57.84	57.98
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	25.17	5.04	39.69	25.05	27.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.41	42.56	35.62	45.95	44.58
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.33	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.83	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	19.28	3.59	24.53	20.12	20.71
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.43	2.14	17.65	16.48	16.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.98	67.15	69.14	75.43	74.59
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.98	2.92	8.00	2.22	2.99
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.49	0.38	0.62	0.48	0.50
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.28	1.68	10.12	4.92	5.61
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.34	3.78	15.69	6.43	7.66
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.72	2.78	7.29	2.02	2.72
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.98	1.64	9.81	4.58	5.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.74	3.64	14.75	5.84	7.03
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.27	18.10	19.45
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.14	4.10	4.64
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.01	16.80	16.96
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	13.62	14.43	6.12	7.22
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.34	3.39	4.44
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.45	0.92	1.26
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.74	0.40	0.57
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MIDWEST REGION

Table 5 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Midwest Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	6,797	430	1,755	4,612	6,367
Past Year Marijuana Use	9,324	658	2,554	6,112	8,666
Past Month Marijuana Use	5,884	351	1,619	3,915	5,534
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	11,951	1,123	705	10,123	10,828
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	766	266	345	155	501
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	1,896	125	445	1,327	1,771
Past Year Cocaine Use	1,037	23	365	650	1,015
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	39,851	2,780	4,398	32,673	37,071
Past Year Heroin Use	176	1	29	145	174
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	48,897	3,311	5,876	39,711	45,586
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	412	12	64	336	400
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	2,070	136	394	1,539	1,934
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	30,954	508	4,272	26,175	30,447
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	15,137	264	2,719	12,154	14,873
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	23,068	2,094	2,440	18,534	20,975
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,697	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,056	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	13,670	237	2,009	11,423	13,432
Past Month Cigarette Use	10,858	155	1,467	9,236	10,703
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	38,852	3,348	4,538	30,966	35,504
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	1,710	173	548	989	1,537
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	340	22	48	271	319
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	3,173	91	751	2,332	3,082
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	4,322	224	1,072	3,025	4,097
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	1,512	159	506	847	1,353
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	3,034	89	713	2,232	2,945
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	3,968	213	1,021	2,735	3,756
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	2,146	8,764	10,910
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	652	2,095	2,747
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	1,375	7,886	9,261
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	831	1,125	3,106	4,231
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	909	1,665	2,573
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	318	504	822
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	134	186	319
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The Midwest region includes the following states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MIDWEST REGION

Table 6 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Midwest Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.87	8.15	24.37	10.30	12.25
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.28	12.47	35.45	13.65	16.67
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.28	6.64	22.47	8.74	10.65
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.86	21.28	9.79	22.61	20.82
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.48	5.55	9.24	0.69	1.92
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.31	2.36	6.17	2.96	3.41
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.81	0.43	5.07	1.45	1.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.63	52.69	61.05	72.98	71.32
Past Year Heroin Use	0.31	0.03	0.40	0.32	0.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.44	62.75	81.56	88.70	87.71
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.72	0.23	0.89	0.75	0.77
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.62	2.58	5.47	3.44	3.72
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	54.07	9.62	59.29	58.47	58.58
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.44	5.01	37.74	27.15	28.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.29	39.68	33.88	41.40	40.35
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.87	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.99	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	23.88	4.50	27.89	25.51	25.84
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.96	2.94	20.37	20.63	20.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.87	63.45	62.99	69.17	68.31
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.99	3.28	7.61	2.21	2.96
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.59	0.41	0.66	0.60	0.61
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.54	1.72	10.42	5.21	5.93
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.55	4.25	14.88	6.76	7.88
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.64	3.01	7.03	1.89	2.60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.30	1.69	9.90	4.99	5.67
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.93	4.03	14.17	6.11	7.23
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29.79	19.58	20.99
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.05	4.68	5.29
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.08	17.61	17.82
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.74	15.62	6.94	8.14
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.62	3.72	4.95
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.42	1.13	1.58
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.85	0.41	0.61
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: The Midwest region includes the following states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

SOUTH REGION

Table 7 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the South Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10,766	712	2,654	7,400	10,054
Past Year Marijuana Use	14,557	1,080	3,842	9,634	13,476
Past Month Marijuana Use	9,235	592	2,415	6,228	8,643
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28,750	2,404	1,742	24,604	26,346
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1,196	456	511	229	740
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3,183	229	703	2,252	2,954
Past Year Cocaine Use	1,718	34	560	1,124	1,684
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	77,799	5,363	8,540	63,896	72,436
Past Year Heroin Use	243	2	42	199	241
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	90,766	6,236	10,664	73,867	84,530
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	653	15	96	542	638
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3,819	264	690	2,865	3,556
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50,016	859	6,508	42,649	49,157
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24,105	441	4,005	19,659	23,664
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48,765	4,383	5,122	39,260	44,382
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	2,557	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,484	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	24,342	428	3,406	20,508	23,914
Past Month Cigarette Use	19,185	270	2,447	16,469	18,916
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73,900	6,253	8,454	59,193	67,647
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2,728	275	851	1,602	2,453
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	576	36	85	455	539
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4,945	139	1,077	3,729	4,806
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6,870	357	1,655	4,858	6,513
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2,457	261	805	1,391	2,196
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4,732	138	1,042	3,553	4,594
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6,408	341	1,573	4,494	6,067
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	3,303	14,402	17,704
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	966	3,513	4,478
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	1,840	11,492	13,332
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	1,408	1,753	4,982	6,735
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	1,353	2,658	4,012
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	444	750	1,194
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	243	285	528
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The South region includes the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

SOUTH REGION

Table 8 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the South Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.34	7.38	20.84	9.05	10.64
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.98	11.19	30.17	11.79	14.27
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.87	6.13	18.97	7.62	9.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.60	24.91	13.68	30.10	27.87
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.92	5.08	6.99	0.52	1.40
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.06	2.37	5.52	2.75	3.13
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.65	0.36	4.39	1.38	1.78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	74.73	55.56	67.05	78.17	76.67
Past Year Heroin Use	0.23	0.02	0.33	0.24	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.20	64.60	83.73	90.37	89.47
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.63	0.16	0.75	0.66	0.68
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.67	2.73	5.42	3.51	3.76
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	48.03	8.89	51.11	52.18	52.03
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	23.15	4.57	31.45	24.05	25.05
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.83	45.41	40.22	48.03	46.98
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.35	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.07	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	23.38	4.44	26.75	25.09	25.31
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.43	2.79	19.21	20.15	20.02
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.98	64.77	66.39	72.42	71.60
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.62	2.85	6.68	1.96	2.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.55	0.38	0.67	0.56	0.57
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.75	1.44	8.45	4.56	5.09
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.60	3.70	12.99	5.94	6.89
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.36	2.70	6.32	1.70	2.32
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.54	1.43	8.18	4.35	4.86
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.15	3.53	12.35	5.50	6.42
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	25.94	17.62	18.74
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.58	4.30	4.74
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	14.45	14.06	14.11
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.59	13.77	6.10	7.12
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.63	3.25	4.24
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.49	0.92	1.26
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.91	0.35	0.56
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: The South region includes the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WEST REGION

Table 9 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the West Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10,154	602	2,312	7,241	9,553
Past Year Marijuana Use	13,526	929	3,220	9,377	12,597
Past Month Marijuana Use	9,063	512	2,157	6,393	8,550
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14,896	1,215	901	12,781	13,682
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	943	338	367	239	605
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2,516	153	545	1,818	2,362
Past Year Cocaine Use	1,687	32	584	1,071	1,655
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	43,393	3,150	4,839	35,403	40,243
Past Year Heroin Use	185	1	24	159	184
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	54,544	3,706	6,599	44,239	50,838
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	673	9	84	580	664
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	2,467	155	449	1,862	2,311
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	33,023	534	4,333	28,156	32,489
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	15,183	284	2,686	12,214	14,899
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	29,991	2,565	3,248	24,179	27,427
Past Month Alcohol Use6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,593	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	943	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	11,198	191	1,655	9,352	11,007
Past Month Cigarette Use	9,006	112	1,275	7,618	8,893
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	48,203	3,953	5,642	38,608	44,250
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2,339	223	692	1,424	2,116
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	381	22	53	305	359
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4,018	111	862	3,045	3,907
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	5,634	285	1,305	4,044	5,349
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2,151	214	666	1,271	1,937
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	3,833	107	837	2,889	3,727
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	5,299	270	1,233	3,796	5,030
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	2,345	10,084	12,429
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	668	2,318	2,986
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	1,223	7,619	8,842
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	975	1,188	3,447	4,635
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	937	1,966	2,903
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	287	556	843
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	155	168	324
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. NOTE: The West region includes the following states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WEST REGION

Table 10 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the West Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	15.54	10.03	28.44	14.14	16.10
Past Year Marijuana Use	20.70	15.50	39.60	18.31	21.23
Past Month Marijuana Use	13.87	8.54	26.53	12.49	14.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.79	20.27	11.08	24.96	23.05
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.78	6.65	9.12	0.91	2.08
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.85	2.56	6.70	3.55	3.98
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.58	0.54	7.18	2.09	2.79
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.44	52.56	59.53	69.15	67.82
Past Year Heroin Use	0.28	0.02	0.30	0.31	0.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.53	61.83	81.17	86.40	85.68
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.03	0.14	1.04	1.13	1.12
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.78	2.59	5.53	3.64	3.90
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.55	8.90	53.30	54.99	54.76
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	23.24	4.74	33.03	23.85	25.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.91	42.79	39.95	47.22	46.22
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.69	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.47	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	17.14	3.19	20.36	18.26	18.55
Past Month Cigarette Use	13.79	1.87	15.69	14.88	14.99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.80	65.96	69.40	75.40	74.58
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.58	3.72	8.52	2.78	3.57
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.58	0.37	0.66	0.60	0.60
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.15	1.85	10.60	5.95	6.59
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.62	4.76	16.06	7.90	9.02
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.29	3.57	8.19	2.48	3.26
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.87	1.78	10.30	5.64	6.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	8.11	4.50	15.17	7.41	8.48
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.84	19.70	20.95
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.21	4.53	5.03
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.04	14.88	14.90
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.26	14.61	6.73	7.81
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.52	3.84	4.89
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.53	1.09	1.42
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.91	0.33	0.54
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: The West region includes the following states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ALABAMA

Table 11 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alabama, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	434	26	104	304	408
Past Year Marijuana Use	605	36	152	417	569
Past Month Marijuana Use	356	22	93	242	334
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,158	103	71	984	1,055
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	44	16	19	9	28
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	137	9	28	100	128
Past Year Cocaine Use	73	1	21	51	72
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,135	207	348	2,579	2,928
Past Year Heroin Use	11	0	2	9	11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,600	240	425	2,935	3,360
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	47	1	5	41	46
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	187	15	32	139	171
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,798	31	232	1,536	1,768
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	976	16	141	818	960
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,877	167	199	1,512	1,711
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	91	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	57	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,186	20	155	1,012	1,166
Past Month Cigarette Use	932	13	111	808	919
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,794	233	319	2,242	2,561
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	125	9	39	77	116
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	31	2	4	25	29
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	219	6	46	167	213
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	306	12	68	227	294
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	109	8	36	64	101
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	209	5	43	161	203
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	278	11	69	198	267
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	142	652	794
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	43	168	210
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	72	511	583
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	54	67	236	304
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	62	119	180
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	21	34	55
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	11	9	20
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ALABAMA

Table 12 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alabama, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.59	7.02	20.58	9.44	10.94
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.74	9.72	30.01	12.93	15.24
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.67	5.80	18.34	7.49	8.96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.22	27.72	14.04	30.51	28.27
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.81	4.62	6.54	0.51	1.35
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.35	2.37	5.60	3.11	3.44
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.78	0.31	4.13	1.58	1.93
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	76.45	55.84	68.99	79.97	78.48
Past Year Heroin Use	0.27	0.03	0.35	0.29	0.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.79	64.68	84.09	90.99	90.06
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.14	0.22	1.06	1.26	1.23
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.55	4.08	6.42	4.31	4.59
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	43.85	8.22	45.83	47.64	47.39
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	23.79	4.32	27.97	25.37	25.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.77	44.91	39.36	46.88	45.86
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.53	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.77	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	28.92	5.31	30.64	31.36	31.27
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.72	3.58	21.91	25.05	24.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.13	62.74	63.16	69.52	68.66
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.05	2.55	7.71	2.38	3.10
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.75	0.41	0.77	0.78	0.78
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.33	1.50	9.16	5.18	5.71
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.46	3.19	13.38	7.03	7.89
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.66	2.24	7.22	1.99	2.70
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.09	1.47	8.43	4.98	5.45
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.78	3.09	13.59	6.14	7.15
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.13	20.22	21.29
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.42	5.20	5.64
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	14.28	15.84	15.63
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.51	13.33	7.32	8.13
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.25	3.67	4.83
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.16	1.05	1.47
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.28	0.27	0.54
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ALASKA

Table 13 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alaska, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	110	6	22	82	104
Past Year Marijuana Use	146	10	29	106	136
Past Month Marijuana Use	101	5	22	74	96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	92	10	6	77	82
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	9	4	3	2	5
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	20	1	4	15	19
Past Year Cocaine Use	12	0	4	8	12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	376	29	41	305	346
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	475	35	57	384	441
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	7	0	1	6	7
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	23	1	4	18	22
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	303	5	38	260	298
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	145	3	24	119	143
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	241	23	27	191	218
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	135	4	18	113	132
Past Month Cigarette Use	102	2	14	86	100
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	396	36	44	317	360
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	22	2	6	13	20
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	3	0	1	2	3
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	41	1	9	31	40
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	57	3	13	41	54
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	20	2	6	12	18
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	37	1	8	28	36
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	52	3	12	38	49
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	23	90	113
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8	23	31
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	12	78	90
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	10	12	33	45
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11	22	32
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4	5	9
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2	1	2
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ALASKA

Table 14 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alaska, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	18.78	9.81	30.90	18.02	19.76
Past Year Marijuana Use	24.97	17.75	41.30	23.33	25.75
Past Month Marijuana Use	17.25	8.54	30.71	16.25	18.20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	15.73	16.84	8.06	16.80	15.61
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.58	7.78	10.11	1.28	2.62
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.42	2.47	5.59	3.20	3.52
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.05	0.47	5.09	1.78	2.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.28	51.30	58.18	66.84	65.67
Past Year Heroin Use	0.54	0.03	0.32	0.64	0.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.37	60.40	79.53	84.26	83.62
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.21	0.16	1.09	1.37	1.33
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.99	2.06	5.20	4.04	4.20
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	51.83	8.73	53.48	57.00	56.53
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.84	4.61	33.68	26.01	27.05
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.16	40.20	37.35	41.88	41.27
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.54	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.38	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	23.15	6.56	25.80	24.83	24.96
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.47	3.85	19.55	18.86	18.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.81	62.96	61.17	69.45	68.33
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.72	3.76	8.77	2.93	3.71
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.52	0.36	0.74	0.51	0.54
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	7.08	1.86	12.42	6.91	7.65
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	9.68	4.63	18.52	8.94	10.23
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.48	3.47	8.63	2.67	3.48
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	6.40	1.76	11.57	6.18	6.91
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	8.89	4.53	16.57	8.24	9.36
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	31.90	19.84	21.47
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	10.61	5.12	5.86
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17.05	17.09	17.09
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	17.93	16.31	7.30	8.51
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14.95	4.73	6.11
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	5.65	1.14	1.75
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.38	0.17	0.47
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ARIZONA

Table 15 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arizona, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	765	43	170	552	722
Past Year Marijuana Use	968	71	230	666	896
Past Month Marijuana Use	665	34	159	472	631
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,357	113	95	1,148	1,244
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	80	30	29	21	50
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	207	14	38	155	193
Past Year Cocaine Use	110	3	41	67	107
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,132	292	466	3,374	3,840
Past Year Heroin Use	22	0	3	18	22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	5,191	353	634	4,204	4,838
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	105	1	11	93	104
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	229	14	45	170	215
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,959	45	375	2,540	2,915
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,290	24	222	1,044	1,266
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,673	228	302	2,143	2,445
Past Month Alcohol Use6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	141	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,138	16	164	958	1,122
Past Month Cigarette Use	945	10	134	801	934
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,321	366	515	3,440	3,955
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	191	20	61	110	171
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	33	2	6	26	31
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	289	10	68	212	280
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	417	27	106	283	390
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	168	20	57	92	149
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	277	10	68	199	267
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	398	25	100	273	373
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	218	882	1,099
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	74	230	305
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	103	646	748
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	98	119	309	428
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	92	183	275
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	29	68	97
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	19	20	39
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ARIZONA

Table 16 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arizona, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.67	7.71	22.20	11.71	13.17
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.01	12.70	30.17	14.11	16.35
Past Month Marijuana Use	11.00	6.04	20.80	10.01	11.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.44	20.09	12.48	24.35	22.68
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.43	6.00	7.38	0.81	1.78
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.43	2.47	5.02	3.29	3.53
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.82	0.48	5.31	1.41	1.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.40	51.92	60.99	71.55	70.07
Past Year Heroin Use	0.36	0.01	0.44	0.39	0.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.94	62.81	82.99	89.14	88.28
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.74	0.17	1.40	1.98	1.90
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.80	2.49	5.93	3.61	3.93
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	48.97	7.91	49.04	53.86	53.19
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	21.35	4.25	29.08	22.14	23.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.23	40.49	39.52	45.44	44.61
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.53	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.61	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	18.84	2.93	21.49	20.31	20.47
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.63	1.81	17.49	16.98	17.05
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.51	65.02	67.42	72.94	72.17
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.16	3.56	7.92	2.34	3.12
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.55	0.38	0.72	0.55	0.57
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.79	1.71	8.85	4.49	5.10
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.90	4.83	13.89	6.01	7.11
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.79	3.48	7.49	1.94	2.71
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.58	1.71	8.89	4.23	4.88
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.58	4.38	13.09	5.79	6.81
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.50	18.70	20.06
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.72	4.89	5.56
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	13.46	13.69	13.66
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	17.41	15.58	6.56	7.81
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.11	3.87	5.01
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.82	1.44	1.77
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.44	0.43	0.71
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ARKANSAS

Table 17 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arkansas, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	236	15	54	167	221
Past Year Marijuana Use	338	27	82	230	312
Past Month Marijuana Use	211	14	49	148	198
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	654	57	40	557	597
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	29	11	12	5	18
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	73	5	15	52	67
Past Year Cocaine Use	28	1	10	17	27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,952	136	225	1,591	1,817
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	4	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,213	155	268	1,790	2,058
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	23	1	3	19	22
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	92	8	21	63	84
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,031	20	152	859	1,011
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	528	11	92	425	517
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,122	104	118	900	1,018
Past Month Alcohol Use6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	61	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	37	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	729	13	96	619	716
Past Month Cigarette Use	564	8	70	485	555
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,678	146	198	1,334	1,532
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	65	7	21	38	58
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	12	1	2	9	12
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	122	4	26	93	119
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	171	9	38	125	162
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	60	6	20	33	54
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	115	4	24	87	111
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	156	8	38	110	148
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	84	376	460
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29	97	125
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	49	329	378
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	39	45	134	179
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	38	69	107
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	11	26	37
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	6	10	16
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ARKANSAS

Table 18 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arkansas, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.45	6.52	17.14	8.58	9.76
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.53	11.20	26.25	11.78	13.78
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.46	5.82	15.80	7.60	8.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.15	24.07	12.72	28.58	26.37
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.97	5.02	7.27	0.51	1.46
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.91	2.25	4.94	2.67	2.98
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.11	0.36	3.05	0.89	1.19
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	78.14	57.22	72.07	81.64	80.31
Past Year Heroin Use	0.22	0.03	0.39	0.21	0.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.58	65.24	85.70	91.84	90.99
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.91	0.24	1.10	0.96	0.98
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.66	3.28	6.66	3.23	3.70
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	41.24	8.41	48.66	44.05	44.69
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	21.14	4.66	29.61	21.79	22.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.89	43.71	37.70	46.19	45.01
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.15	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.22	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	29.15	5.47	30.89	31.76	31.64
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.55	3.56	22.42	24.89	24.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.16	61.68	63.46	68.41	67.72
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.62	2.90	6.62	1.94	2.59
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.50	0.38	0.80	0.46	0.51
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.89	1.56	8.17	4.78	5.24
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.83	3.63	12.01	6.39	7.16
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.39	2.59	6.51	1.71	2.37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.58	1.54	7.74	4.45	4.90
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.24	3.43	12.01	5.66	6.54
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	26.86	19.29	20.34
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.14	4.95	5.53
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.56	16.90	16.71
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.27	14.33	6.87	7.90
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.07	3.54	4.71
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.38	1.34	1.62
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.06	0.51	0.73
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

CALIFORNIA

Table 19 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in California, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	5,034	314	1,204	3,516	4,720
Past Year Marijuana Use	6,641	477	1,687	4,476	6,163
Past Month Marijuana Use	4,459	267	1,106	3,086	4,192
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	8,543	637	509	7,397	7,906
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	482	176	187	119	306
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	1,329	77	292	960	1,253
Past Year Cocaine Use	909	16	322	572	894
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	22,248	1,598	2,531	18,119	20,651
Past Year Heroin Use	74	0	8	65	74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	27,657	1,861	3,430	22,366	25,796
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	315	3	34	278	312
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	1,193	81	224	889	1,113
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	16,475	268	2,275	13,932	16,207
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	7,739	143	1,420	6,176	7,596
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	16,136	1,349	1,764	13,023	14,787
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	800	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	471	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	4,669	77	711	3,880	4,591
Past Month Cigarette Use	3,786	37	553	3,196	3,748
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	25,257	2,024	3,024	20,210	23,234
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	1,204	110	356	737	1,093
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	192	11	25	157	181
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	2,079	54	439	1,586	2,025
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	2,915	137	673	2,105	2,778
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	1,132	107	347	678	1,025
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	2,008	52	425	1,531	1,957
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	2,769	132	637	2,000	2,637
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	1,112	4,752	5,864
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	297	1,067	1,364
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	540	3,397	3,937
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	459	547	1,612	2,160
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	430	939	1,370
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	118	249	367
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	63	83	146
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

CALIFORNIA

Table 20 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in California, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	15.20	10.41	28.83	13.57	15.68
Past Year Marijuana Use	20.06	15.82	40.40	17.27	20.48
Past Month Marijuana Use	13.47	8.85	26.48	11.91	13.93
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.79	21.09	12.20	28.54	26.26
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.66	6.83	8.93	0.84	1.94
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.02	2.54	7.01	3.71	4.16
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.75	0.52	7.71	2.21	2.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	67.21	52.94	60.63	69.91	68.62
Past Year Heroin Use	0.22	0.01	0.20	0.25	0.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.56	61.67	82.15	86.30	85.72
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.95	0.10	0.82	1.07	1.04
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.60	2.67	5.36	3.43	3.70
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	49.76	8.87	54.50	53.75	53.86
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	23.37	4.74	34.01	23.83	25.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.73	44.70	42.26	50.25	49.14
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.64	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.38	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	14.10	2.56	17.04	14.97	15.26
Past Month Cigarette Use	11.43	1.23	13.24	12.33	12.46
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	76.29	67.07	72.42	77.98	77.21
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.63	3.65	8.53	2.85	3.63
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.58	0.36	0.59	0.60	0.60
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.28	1.80	10.51	6.12	6.73
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.80	4.55	16.12	8.12	9.23
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.42	3.56	8.31	2.62	3.41
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	6.07	1.72	10.19	5.91	6.50
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	8.36	4.36	15.26	7.72	8.76
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	26.63	18.34	19.49
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.11	4.12	4.53
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	12.94	13.11	13.08
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.22	13.11	6.22	7.17
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.30	3.62	4.55
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	2.83	0.96	1.22
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.52	0.32	0.49
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

COLORADO

Table 21 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Colorado, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	924	50	210	664	874
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,265	76	286	903	1,189
Past Month Marijuana Use	836	42	203	591	794
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	852	83	45	724	769
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	69	26	29	13	42
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	226	13	50	162	213
Past Year Cocaine Use	198	3	65	130	195
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,993	226	320	2,447	2,767
Past Year Heroin Use	17	0	3	14	17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,995	271	478	3,246	3,724
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	43	1	8	34	42
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	190	9	34	146	180
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,885	46	368	2,470	2,838
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,389	24	237	1,128	1,366
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,110	180	216	1,713	1,930
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	143	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	86	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	992	18	155	819	974
Past Month Cigarette Use	784	13	114	658	771
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,482	281	386	2,816	3,201
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	240	20	69	151	220
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	29	2	5	23	27
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	392	9	82	302	383
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	537	24	124	390	514
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	219	19	67	133	200
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	358	8	76	274	350
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	505	23	117	366	482
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	202	812	1,014
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	57	185	242
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	118	700	818
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	65	102	269	370
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	83	159	242
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	21	49	70
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	13	12	25
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

COLORADO

Table 22 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Colorado, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	19.24	11.55	35.68	17.56	20.00
Past Year Marijuana Use	26.32	17.60	48.54	23.86	27.19
Past Month Marijuana Use	17.39	9.75	34.39	15.62	18.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.72	19.11	7.62	19.14	17.58
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.80	7.97	12.49	1.21	2.88
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.70	3.00	8.56	4.30	4.87
Past Year Cocaine Use	4.12	0.64	10.98	3.45	4.46
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	62.29	52.12	54.23	64.70	63.28
Past Year Heroin Use	0.35	0.01	0.53	0.36	0.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.16	62.40	81.11	85.83	85.19
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.90	0.17	1.36	0.91	0.97
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.94	2.17	5.80	3.86	4.12
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	60.03	10.69	62.49	65.30	64.92
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	28.91	5.48	40.26	29.83	31.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.90	41.44	36.73	45.30	44.14
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.22	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.41	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.64	4.15	26.24	21.66	22.28
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.32	3.01	19.28	17.38	17.64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.46	64.80	65.43	74.43	73.22
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	5.00	4.70	11.68	4.00	5.03
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.60	0.36	0.80	0.60	0.62
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	8.16	2.01	13.88	7.97	8.77
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	11.18	5.44	21.01	10.31	11.75
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	4.57	4.43	11.39	3.52	4.58
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	7.45	1.87	12.96	7.23	8.00
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	10.51	5.26	19.82	9.67	11.03
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	34.28	21.47	23.20
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.68	4.89	5.53
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	20.06	18.50	18.71
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.02	17.25	7.10	8.46
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14.16	4.20	5.54
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.63	1.29	1.61
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.12	0.33	0.57
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

CONNECTICUT

Table 23 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Connecticut, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	434	24	111	299	410
Past Year Marijuana Use	583	38	168	377	545
Past Month Marijuana Use	378	20	104	253	358
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	588	51	36	501	537
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	44	15	20	10	30
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	109	6	27	76	103
Past Year Cocaine Use	61	1	24	36	60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,134	148	231	1,755	1,986
Past Year Heroin Use	10	0	1	9	10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,696	182	331	2,183	2,515
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	11	0	2	9	11
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	101	6	19	77	96
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,837	30	251	1,555	1,807
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	859	15	182	662	844
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,367	116	134	1,117	1,251
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	121	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	574	8	92	474	566
Past Month Cigarette Use	426	4	61	361	421
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,345	183	278	1,883	2,161
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	83	7	31	46	76
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	15	1	2	11	14
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	189	5	46	138	184
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	245	10	72	163	235
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	81	7	28	46	74
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	172	5	43	123	167
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	221	9	66	146	212
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	110	416	526
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	33	93	126
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	70	418	488
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	39	58	139	197
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	47	77	125
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	12	19	31
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	6	5	11
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

CONNECTICUT

Table 24 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Connecticut, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	14.17	8.81	28.94	12.42	14.69
Past Year Marijuana Use	19.05	14.08	43.91	15.64	19.53
Past Month Marijuana Use	12.34	7.46	27.22	10.52	12.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.21	19.01	9.33	20.82	19.23
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.08	6.57	11.64	0.96	2.43
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.55	2.24	7.05	3.14	3.68
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.99	0.37	6.21	1.50	2.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.76	55.03	60.21	72.90	71.15
Past Year Heroin Use	0.33	0.01	0.38	0.36	0.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.14	67.64	86.41	90.67	90.08
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.36	0.14	0.43	0.38	0.39
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.31	2.12	4.85	3.20	3.43
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	60.03	11.24	65.61	64.59	64.73
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	28.07	5.42	47.60	27.49	30.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.67	43.34	34.90	46.38	44.80
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	27.31	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.50	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	18.76	3.04	24.08	19.66	20.27
Past Month Cigarette Use	13.90	1.53	15.82	14.98	15.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	76.62	68.25	72.63	78.18	77.42
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.72	2.64	8.00	1.90	2.73
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.48	0.38	0.60	0.47	0.49
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.18	1.83	12.05	5.74	6.60
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.01	3.74	18.72	6.79	8.43
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.65	2.59	7.40	1.90	2.65
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.60	1.72	11.34	5.13	5.98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.22	3.41	17.26	6.05	7.59
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.73	17.27	18.85
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.54	3.86	4.50
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.33	17.36	17.50
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.41	15.26	5.77	7.06
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.36	3.21	4.46
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.01	0.80	1.11
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.54	0.21	0.39
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

DELAWARE

Table 25 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Delaware, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	118	7	28	83	111
Past Year Marijuana Use	149	10	38	101	139
Past Month Marijuana Use	101	6	26	69	95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	179	15	9	155	164
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	10	4	4	2	6
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	33	2	6	25	31
Past Year Cocaine Use	18	0	6	12	18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	581	38	57	486	543
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	4	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	726	44	79	603	682
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	5	0	1	4	5
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	28	2	5	22	27
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	464	7	55	402	457
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	199	3	32	163	195
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	352	30	35	288	323
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	186	3	24	159	183
Past Month Cigarette Use	143	1	17	126	142
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	590	45	62	483	545
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	28	2	8	17	25
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	5	0	1	4	5
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	51	1	10	39	50
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	69	3	16	50	66
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	24	2	7	15	22
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	48	1	10	37	47
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	61	3	15	43	58
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28	129	157
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7	34	41
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15	113	128
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	11	14	50	64
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11	28	39
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3	8	12
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2	2	4
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

DELAWARE

Table 26 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Delaware, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	14.32	9.94	29.73	12.62	14.73
Past Year Marijuana Use	18.18	14.43	41.57	15.29	18.53
Past Month Marijuana Use	12.26	8.26	27.58	10.53	12.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.76	21.60	9.51	23.51	21.77
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.60	7.12	9.35	0.79	1.84
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.00	2.44	6.67	3.79	4.14
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.21	0.31	6.63	1.79	2.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.72	54.99	61.82	73.61	72.15
Past Year Heroin Use	0.58	0.03	0.59	0.64	0.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.38	64.06	85.42	91.31	90.59
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.63	0.15	0.71	0.66	0.67
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.45	2.40	5.43	3.28	3.55
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	56.44	10.09	59.09	60.93	60.71
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.17	4.50	34.86	24.73	25.98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.85	42.58	37.57	43.62	42.87
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.59	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.03	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	22.60	4.04	25.59	24.12	24.31
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.46	1.93	17.84	19.03	18.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.81	64.68	67.31	73.19	72.46
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.35	3.60	8.50	2.61	3.33
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.58	0.39	0.66	0.59	0.60
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.16	1.53	10.87	5.98	6.58
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.41	4.31	17.01	7.64	8.79
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.92	3.42	7.60	2.20	2.87
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.79	1.47	10.51	5.59	6.19
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.45	4.19	16.11	6.58	7.75
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	30.47	19.58	20.92
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.85	5.10	5.44
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	16.70	17.10	17.05
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.48	15.09	7.58	8.50
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.01	4.23	5.18
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.73	1.23	1.54
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.29	0.32	0.56
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 27 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the District of Columbia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	114	3	29	82	111
Past Year Marijuana Use	164	6	43	115	158
Past Month Marijuana Use	98	3	27	69	95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	91	6	8	78	85
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	8	2	4	2	6
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	32	1	7	24	31
Past Year Cocaine Use	24	0	6	18	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	358	18	47	293	340
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	0	4	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	481	20	68	393	461
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	2	0	0	2	2
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	25	1	4	20	24
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	394	3	61	330	391
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	208	1	43	163	207
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	271	16	32	223	255
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	6	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	115	1	19	95	114
Past Month Cigarette Use	97	1	14	82	97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	451	21	61	369	430
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	30	1	8	21	28
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	6	0	0	5	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	54	0	10	43	53
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	71	2	15	54	70
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	25	1	7	17	24
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	49	0	10	39	49
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	63	2	14	47	61
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	24	105	129
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	6	22	28
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	13	81	94
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	4	12	35	47
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8	17	25
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	2	5	7
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1	2	3
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 28 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the District of Columbia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	19.06	10.56	33.35	17.06	19.54
Past Year Marijuana Use	27.42	18.01	49.84	24.01	27.95
Past Month Marijuana Use	16.39	8.99	30.73	14.30	16.80
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	15.20	17.45	8.84	16.21	15.07
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.96	9.50	11.37	1.50	3.22
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	5.29	1.80	7.71	5.08	5.48
Past Year Cocaine Use	3.95	0.21	6.45	3.75	4.16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	59.89	55.01	54.64	61.13	60.14
Past Year Heroin Use	0.65	0.01	0.32	0.75	0.69
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.42	62.70	78.65	81.88	81.38
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.39	0.07	0.34	0.41	0.40
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.16	2.50	4.36	4.24	4.26
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	65.97	9.26	70.56	68.93	69.17
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	34.80	4.32	50.26	34.05	36.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.34	49.15	37.10	46.57	45.12
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.98	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.36	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	19.22	3.69	21.51	19.84	20.09
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.28	1.70	16.60	17.19	17.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	75.38	64.45	70.81	76.93	75.99
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	4.99	4.64	8.92	4.31	5.01
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.97	0.44	0.51	1.09	1.00
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	9.00	1.24	11.86	9.00	9.44
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	11.94	5.57	17.51	11.36	12.30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	4.17	4.18	8.17	3.45	4.17
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	8.27	1.21	11.52	8.15	8.67
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	10.56	5.32	16.44	9.85	10.85
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.23	21.85	22.83
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	6.75	4.59	4.92
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.43	16.80	16.59
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	11.36	13.57	7.35	8.29
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.22	3.58	4.43
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	2.20	0.97	1.16
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.28	0.38	0.51
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

FLORIDA

Table 29 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Florida, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	2,093	114	454	1,525	1,979
Past Year Marijuana Use	2,705	174	641	1,890	2,531
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,848	93	420	1,335	1,755
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	5,356	339	270	4,746	5,016
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	191	71	85	35	120
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	559	40	108	411	519
Past Year Cocaine Use	315	5	99	211	310
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	13,712	789	1,295	11,628	12,923
Past Year Heroin Use	45	0	8	36	44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	16,125	918	1,638	13,569	15,207
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	76	2	11	63	74
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	675	34	99	542	640
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	9,298	131	970	8,198	9,167
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	4,086	60	586	3,439	4,025
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	8,814	663	830	7,321	8,150
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	428	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	235	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	3,568	48	399	3,120	3,519
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,830	30	276	2,524	2,800
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	13,788	969	1,377	11,442	12,819
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	459	45	133	281	414
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	137	5	15	116	131
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	721	18	139	564	703
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	1,062	56	241	766	1,007
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	423	44	124	256	379
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	696	19	136	542	677
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	1,007	55	224	728	952
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	493	2,410	2,903
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	144	588	732
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	262	1,774	2,036
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	191	271	826	1,096
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	211	470	682
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	65	119	184
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	40	43	83
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

FLORIDA

Table 30 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Florida, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.45	7.90	23.20	10.24	11.75
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.80	12.11	32.76	12.69	15.03
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.11	6.47	21.45	8.96	10.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	29.27	23.55	13.82	31.86	29.75
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.77	5.28	7.48	0.48	1.29
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.06	2.75	5.52	2.76	3.08
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.72	0.36	5.07	1.41	1.84
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	74.97	54.78	66.20	78.06	76.67
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.02	0.40	0.24	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.18	63.78	83.72	91.09	90.23
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.41	0.12	0.55	0.42	0.44
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.69	2.40	5.04	3.64	3.80
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.84	9.10	49.56	55.03	54.40
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	22.34	4.19	29.94	23.09	23.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.18	46.09	42.42	49.14	48.36
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.69	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.28	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	19.51	3.34	20.42	20.94	20.89
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.48	2.10	14.09	16.94	16.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	75.38	67.29	70.41	76.81	76.06
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.51	3.11	6.80	1.89	2.46
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.75	0.37	0.77	0.78	0.78
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	3.94	1.26	7.12	3.78	4.17
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	5.81	3.86	12.32	5.14	5.98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.31	3.05	6.32	1.72	2.25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	3.81	1.29	6.93	3.64	4.02
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	5.51	3.80	11.44	4.89	5.65
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	25.20	16.18	17.23
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.37	3.95	4.34
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	13.38	11.91	12.08
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	13.25	13.83	5.54	6.50
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.81	3.16	4.04
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.30	0.80	1.09
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.03	0.29	0.49
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

GEORGIA

Table 31 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Georgia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	899	59	232	608	840
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,310	97	340	873	1,212
Past Month Marijuana Use	804	52	217	535	751
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,365	243	160	1,963	2,122
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	106	39	45	22	67
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	244	17	48	179	227
Past Year Cocaine Use	125	2	38	85	123
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,604	505	758	5,342	6,099
Past Year Heroin Use	14	0	2	11	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,709	580	933	6,197	7,129
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	48	1	6	40	47
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	307	23	58	227	284
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	4,125	63	518	3,544	4,062
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,851	35	304	1,512	1,816
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,261	427	477	3,357	3,834
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	190	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	109	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,862	32	243	1,587	1,830
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,432	19	168	1,245	1,413
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	6,189	563	745	4,881	5,626
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	218	22	72	124	196
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	46	3	8	35	43
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	397	12	87	298	385
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	549	30	135	384	519
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	201	21	71	109	180
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	386	12	84	290	374
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	520	28	129	363	491
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	276	1,130	1,406
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	76	277	353
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	148	850	997
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	119	151	393	544
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	112	191	303
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	39	60	99
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	24	21	45
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

GEORGIA

Table 32 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Georgia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.29	6.80	20.97	9.00	10.68
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.00	11.22	30.67	12.92	15.42
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.20	6.04	19.56	7.91	9.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.07	27.94	14.41	29.05	26.97
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.98	4.93	6.75	0.53	1.46
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.79	1.91	4.34	2.66	2.89
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.43	0.25	3.41	1.26	1.56
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.64	58.10	68.42	79.06	77.56
Past Year Heroin Use	0.16	0.02	0.23	0.17	0.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.31	66.74	84.22	91.72	90.66
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.55	0.14	0.57	0.60	0.59
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.52	2.60	5.21	3.36	3.62
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	47.24	7.26	46.80	52.45	51.65
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	21.19	3.99	27.49	22.37	23.09
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.80	49.18	43.10	49.69	48.76
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.39	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	8.28	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	21.32	3.64	21.97	23.49	23.28
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.40	2.21	15.17	18.43	17.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.88	64.77	67.31	72.24	71.55
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.50	2.53	6.50	1.84	2.49
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.52	0.37	0.68	0.52	0.54
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.55	1.36	7.85	4.42	4.90
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.28	3.45	12.17	5.68	6.60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.30	2.47	6.39	1.61	2.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.42	1.38	7.55	4.29	4.75
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	5.95	3.28	11.61	5.37	6.25
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	24.92	16.73	17.88
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	6.87	4.11	4.49
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	13.34	12.58	12.68
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	13.75	13.63	5.81	6.91
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.09	2.83	3.85
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.53	0.88	1.25
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.14	0.31	0.57
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

HAWAII

Table 33 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Hawaii, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	136	7	25	104	130
Past Year Marijuana Use	182	11	36	135	171
Past Month Marijuana Use	117	6	23	88	111
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	265	20	13	232	245
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	11	4	4	2	6
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	39	2	8	29	37
Past Year Cocaine Use	28	0	7	20	27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	787	51	74	662	736
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	955	59	95	801	896
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	15	0	1	14	15
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	39	2	6	32	38
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	533	6	61	467	528
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	268	3	39	225	265
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	491	41	47	403	451
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	200	2	23	175	198
Past Month Cigarette Use	163	1	18	143	162
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	799	60	77	663	740
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	36	3	9	24	33
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	6	0	1	6	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	69	2	15	52	67
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	93	4	20	70	90
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	31	2	8	20	29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	66	2	15	49	64
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	85	4	18	63	81
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	33	152	185
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9	35	44
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	14	97	111
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	13	16	46	62
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14	36	50
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	5	8	13
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	3	2	5
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

HAWAII

Table 34 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Hawaii, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.81	7.09	20.89	11.11	12.24
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.77	11.92	29.57	14.38	16.12
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.12	6.29	18.77	9.38	10.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.87	20.51	10.61	24.71	23.08
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.06	5.70	6.53	0.74	1.48
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.41	2.09	7.03	3.08	3.53
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.41	0.43	6.12	2.13	2.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.08	53.96	60.95	70.43	69.33
Past Year Heroin Use	0.26	0.02	0.18	0.30	0.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.67	61.95	78.99	85.21	84.49
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.30	0.07	0.93	1.48	1.42
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.41	1.85	4.95	3.37	3.55
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	46.13	5.97	50.13	49.69	49.75
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	23.17	3.41	32.35	23.98	24.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.51	43.01	39.07	42.91	42.47
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.54	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.17	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	17.30	2.20	18.83	18.64	18.66
Past Month Cigarette Use	14.10	1.52	15.27	15.22	15.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.14	62.76	63.38	70.53	69.71
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.11	2.86	7.56	2.57	3.14
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.56	0.33	0.54	0.59	0.58
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.93	1.77	12.45	5.51	6.31
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.06	3.75	16.58	7.40	8.45
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.71	2.63	6.90	2.17	2.72
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.69	1.67	12.44	5.23	6.06
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.37	4.00	15.30	6.68	7.67
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	26.99	16.22	17.45
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.69	3.70	4.16
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	11.85	10.31	10.49
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.16	12.86	4.93	5.83
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.89	3.82	4.74
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.11	0.90	1.27
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.43	0.17	0.43
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

IDAHO

Table 35 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Idaho, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	148	12	37	100	136
Past Year Marijuana Use	205	19	53	133	186
Past Month Marijuana Use	125	9	33	82	116
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	333	37	21	275	297
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	17	8	7	3	10
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	39	3	10	26	35
Past Year Cocaine Use	20	1	7	12	19
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,016	80	112	824	935
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	1	4	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,228	95	148	984	1,133
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	12	0	2	9	11
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	60	4	10	46	55
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	677	12	91	574	664
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	324	7	57	260	316
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	620	62	66	492	558
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	33	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	287	6	43	238	281
Past Month Cigarette Use	228	4	32	191	223
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,002	99	116	787	903
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	39	5	12	22	34
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	9	1	1	7	8
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	79	3	19	58	76
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	107	7	25	75	100
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	34	5	12	17	30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	74	3	18	53	71
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	98	7	25	66	91
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	59	234	293
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	17	51	69
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	37	206	242
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	27	31	77	108
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	26	43	69
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	9	16	25
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	3	6	10
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

IDAHO

Table 36 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Idaho, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.15	7.50	20.04	8.90	10.47
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.03	12.04	28.99	11.85	14.27
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.57	5.90	18.21	7.36	8.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.84	23.69	11.71	24.57	22.74
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.25	5.43	6.90	0.60	1.59
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.65	2.24	5.20	2.28	2.70
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.36	0.57	4.01	1.04	1.46
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.69	51.91	60.84	73.59	71.79
Past Year Heroin Use	0.30	0.03	0.36	0.33	0.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.24	61.42	80.82	87.94	86.93
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.81	0.26	1.27	0.81	0.88
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.10	2.76	5.43	4.07	4.26
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	46.40	7.94	49.48	51.24	50.99
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	22.20	4.79	30.80	23.22	24.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.53	40.25	35.84	43.94	42.80
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.18	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	19.69	3.88	23.65	21.24	21.58
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.62	2.87	17.44	17.10	17.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.71	63.65	63.15	70.32	69.30
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.67	3.30	6.47	1.96	2.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.62	0.41	0.80	0.62	0.65
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.41	1.70	10.18	5.15	5.86
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.33	4.47	13.81	6.67	7.67
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.36	3.12	6.59	1.56	2.27
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.05	1.71	9.72	4.75	5.45
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.71	4.20	13.55	5.94	7.01
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32.09	20.91	22.48
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.54	4.58	5.28
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.91	18.40	18.61
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	17.44	16.71	6.87	8.25
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14.05	3.87	5.30
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.84	1.44	1.92
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.72	0.58	0.74
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ILLINOIS

Table 37 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Illinois, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,284	82	308	895	1,203
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,748	133	445	1,170	1,615
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,107	69	284	754	1,038
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,469	206	143	2,120	2,263
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	131	51	53	27	80
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	341	21	73	247	320
Past Year Cocaine Use	224	4	62	158	220
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	7,308	510	807	5,991	6,798
Past Year Heroin Use	26	0	4	22	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	9,105	618	1,060	7,427	8,487
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	41	1	4	36	40
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	304	21	60	222	282
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	5,907	84	734	5,089	5,822
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	2,869	43	452	2,374	2,826
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,488	405	485	3,598	4,083
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	266	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	163	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	2,150	34	285	1,831	2,116
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,736	18	212	1,506	1,717
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	7,729	637	884	6,209	7,092
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	326	34	103	189	292
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	47	4	7	36	43
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	590	15	129	445	575
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	819	42	193	584	777
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	287	32	92	164	255
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	563	15	124	424	548
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	744	40	179	525	704
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	374	1,484	1,858
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	113	324	437
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	243	1,341	1,584
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	149	195	495	690
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	148	240	388
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	58	62	120
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	18	15	33
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

ILLINOIS

Table 38 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Illinois, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.04	8.28	23.57	10.68	12.42
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.38	13.55	34.01	13.96	16.67
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.38	7.01	21.74	9.00	10.72
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.13	20.92	10.96	25.30	23.35
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.33	6.04	7.82	0.68	1.67
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.20	2.16	5.61	2.94	3.30
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.10	0.40	4.77	1.88	2.27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.50	51.82	61.64	71.51	70.17
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.01	0.31	0.26	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.35	62.76	81.01	88.65	87.61
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.38	0.14	0.30	0.43	0.41
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	2.84	2.16	4.57	2.66	2.91
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.35	8.55	56.07	60.74	60.11
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.88	4.34	34.55	28.33	29.17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.05	41.15	37.06	42.94	42.14
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.90	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.93	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.15	3.46	21.78	21.85	21.85
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.26	1.88	16.16	17.97	17.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.43	64.67	67.52	74.10	73.21
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.05	3.47	7.85	2.25	3.01
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.44	0.42	0.53	0.43	0.45
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.53	1.53	9.89	5.31	5.93
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.67	4.25	14.76	6.97	8.02
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.69	3.23	7.00	1.95	2.63
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.27	1.49	9.48	5.06	5.66
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.97	4.02	13.69	6.27	7.27
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.57	17.71	19.18
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.61	3.87	4.51
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.55	16.01	16.35
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.15	14.89	5.91	7.12
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.29	2.87	4.00
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.44	0.74	1.24
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.41	0.18	0.34
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

INDIANA

Table 39 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Indiana, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	700	46	198	456	654
Past Year Marijuana Use	928	67	259	603	861
Past Month Marijuana Use	646	40	189	416	605
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,236	107	73	1,057	1,130
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	70	25	31	14	46
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	183	15	49	118	167
Past Year Cocaine Use	88	3	34	51	85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,980	282	457	3,240	3,697
Past Year Heroin Use	18	0	4	14	18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,876	343	617	3,916	4,533
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	52	2	11	39	50
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	212	16	41	155	196
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,766	49	411	2,306	2,717
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,427	26	255	1,146	1,401
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,292	215	250	1,827	2,077
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	133	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	83	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,575	27	244	1,304	1,548
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,254	18	185	1,051	1,236
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,740	344	466	2,930	3,396
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	195	19	60	116	176
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	38	2	5	31	36
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	313	9	75	228	303
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	448	23	109	316	425
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	170	16	57	96	153
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	300	9	71	220	291
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	416	21	107	287	395
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	222	904	1,125
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	67	207	274
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	127	721	848
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	89	109	309	418
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	98	186	284
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	32	65	97
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	14	22	36
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

INDIANA

Table 40 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Indiana, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.53	8.60	26.93	10.57	12.95
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.61	12.42	35.14	13.97	17.06
Past Month Marijuana Use	11.56	7.52	25.63	9.66	11.98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.12	19.88	9.85	24.51	22.36
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.54	5.34	8.98	0.72	1.98
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.27	2.86	6.69	2.73	3.31
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.58	0.50	4.63	1.19	1.69
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.26	52.52	62.09	75.13	73.23
Past Year Heroin Use	0.32	0.03	0.50	0.33	0.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.31	63.74	83.73	90.82	89.78
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.93	0.31	1.43	0.92	0.99
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.80	3.06	5.57	3.58	3.87
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	49.51	9.16	55.79	53.47	53.80
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	25.54	4.93	34.56	26.57	27.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.03	40.04	33.91	42.37	41.13
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.78	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.55	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	28.18	4.94	33.10	30.24	30.66
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.45	3.38	25.12	24.37	24.48
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.95	64.05	63.20	67.95	67.26
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.49	3.52	8.14	2.69	3.49
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.68	0.46	0.69	0.71	0.71
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.59	1.76	10.25	5.28	6.00
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.02	4.20	14.83	7.33	8.42
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.04	3.06	7.79	2.22	3.03
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.38	1.75	9.58	5.11	5.76
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.45	3.99	14.59	6.66	7.82
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	30.10	20.96	22.29
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.05	4.80	5.42
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17.22	16.71	16.78
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.61	14.85	7.16	8.28
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	13.34	4.30	5.62
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.30	1.51	1.92
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.93	0.52	0.72
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

IOWA

Table 41 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Iowa, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	242	19	67	155	222
Past Year Marijuana Use	327	29	99	199	299
Past Month Marijuana Use	176	14	57	105	162
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	529	52	35	442	477
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	36	12	17	6	23
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	93	6	22	64	87
Past Year Cocaine Use	38	1	16	21	37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,812	123	206	1,483	1,689
Past Year Heroin Use	6	0	1	5	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,161	142	264	1,754	2,019
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	29	1	4	25	29
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	109	9	20	80	100
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,521	28	226	1,267	1,493
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	735	14	141	579	721
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	939	86	112	741	853
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	100	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	62	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	662	12	96	554	650
Past Month Cigarette Use	542	10	72	461	533
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,676	152	208	1,317	1,524
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	76	8	24	44	67
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	16	1	2	13	15
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	152	5	42	105	146
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	205	12	54	139	192
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	68	7	22	38	60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	144	5	41	98	139
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	183	12	52	119	171
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	95	347	441
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32	97	129
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	69	393	462
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	41	50	137	187
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	44	74	118
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	18	26	44
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	7	9	16
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

IOWA

Table 42 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Iowa, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.17	7.83	18.95	7.64	9.31
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.43	11.61	28.10	9.80	12.51
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.70	5.71	16.16	5.18	6.80
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.07	21.07	9.85	21.75	19.97
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.12	5.06	7.55	0.54	1.63
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.55	2.62	6.35	3.17	3.64
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.45	0.47	4.51	1.03	1.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.87	50.11	58.19	72.97	70.78
Past Year Heroin Use	0.25	0.03	0.38	0.25	0.27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.14	57.83	74.78	86.32	84.61
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.11	0.29	1.07	1.22	1.20
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.14	3.56	5.69	3.94	4.20
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	57.80	11.38	63.95	62.35	62.58
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	27.92	5.73	39.99	28.51	30.21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	35.67	34.93	31.54	36.48	35.74
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	24.82	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.37	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	25.16	4.95	27.16	27.26	27.24
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.61	3.87	20.38	22.68	22.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	63.70	61.77	58.72	64.79	63.89
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.88	3.37	6.65	2.16	2.83
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.61	0.42	0.67	0.63	0.63
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.76	2.19	11.75	5.15	6.13
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.78	5.07	15.13	6.83	8.05
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.57	3.01	6.35	1.86	2.52
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.48	2.15	11.47	4.85	5.83
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.95	4.72	14.83	5.85	7.18
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	26.76	17.06	18.50
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.12	4.75	5.40
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.48	19.34	19.36
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.69	14.11	6.74	7.82
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.36	3.66	4.94
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.97	1.29	1.84
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.97	0.45	0.67
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

KANSAS

Table 43 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kansas, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	240	16	60	163	224
Past Year Marijuana Use	349	28	96	226	322
Past Month Marijuana Use	178	12	49	117	167
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	552	52	39	461	500
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	31	11	14	7	21
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	98	5	22	71	92
Past Year Cocaine Use	49	1	16	31	48
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,658	124	200	1,334	1,534
Past Year Heroin Use	12	0	1	10	12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,964	139	255	1,569	1,824
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	31	1	4	26	30
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	90	6	20	63	83
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,250	24	188	1,038	1,226
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	631	14	121	495	617
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	983	96	112	775	887
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	83	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	54	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	585	8	82	495	577
Past Month Cigarette Use	436	5	54	376	430
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,582	148	198	1,236	1,435
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	61	7	22	33	54
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	14	1	3	11	13
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	124	5	33	86	119
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	166	10	45	111	157
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	53	6	20	27	47
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	121	4	32	84	117
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	153	9	42	101	144
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	89	352	442
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32	91	123
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	57	313	370
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	39	47	123	169
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	39	67	107
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	15	24	39
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	7	8	15
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

KANSAS

Table 44 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kansas, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.05	6.84	18.83	8.93	10.40
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.64	11.61	29.96	12.35	14.98
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.48	5.00	15.39	6.42	7.75
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.13	21.99	12.16	25.22	23.26
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.40	4.96	7.79	0.73	1.89
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.11	2.30	6.74	3.88	4.31
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.05	0.54	5.11	1.71	2.21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.57	52.45	62.40	73.02	71.43
Past Year Heroin Use	0.49	0.02	0.45	0.55	0.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.40	58.84	79.70	85.89	84.96
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.28	0.26	1.32	1.41	1.39
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.75	2.55	6.30	3.46	3.89
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.43	10.30	58.66	56.81	57.08
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.44	5.86	37.93	27.10	28.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.21	40.32	35.09	42.40	41.31
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.03	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.29	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	24.52	3.48	25.55	27.08	26.85
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.27	2.32	16.92	20.59	20.04
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.36	62.28	61.96	67.66	66.81
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.56	2.80	6.75	1.79	2.53
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.59	0.37	0.86	0.58	0.62
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.18	1.90	10.39	4.69	5.54
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.96	4.02	14.15	6.09	7.29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.24	2.60	6.18	1.50	2.20
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.08	1.87	10.09	4.62	5.43
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.40	3.87	13.22	5.54	6.68
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27.90	19.28	20.56
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.93	5.00	5.74
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17.71	17.15	17.23
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.53	14.55	6.73	7.89
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.31	3.68	4.96
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.83	1.31	1.83
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.07	0.45	0.69
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

KENTUCKY

Table 45 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kentucky, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	425	24	91	311	401
Past Year Marijuana Use	553	39	137	378	515
Past Month Marijuana Use	363	21	88	254	342
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	876	75	51	751	801
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	45	16	20	10	29
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	116	7	21	88	109
Past Year Cocaine Use	72	2	21	50	71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,814	192	310	2,312	2,622
Past Year Heroin Use	15	0	2	12	15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,308	225	397	2,685	3,083
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	45	1	7	37	44
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	154	9	24	121	145
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,610	33	223	1,355	1,577
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	803	18	147	638	785
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,618	143	167	1,307	1,474
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	97	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	63	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,160	24	162	974	1,136
Past Month Cigarette Use	933	16	120	797	917
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,395	212	279	1,904	2,183
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	117	11	31	75	106
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	30	2	3	25	29
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	190	6	42	142	184
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	280	14	59	207	266
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	95	9	27	59	86
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	182	6	40	137	177
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	249	14	58	178	236
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	125	637	762
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	39	156	195
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	83	560	643
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	51	65	222	287
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	51	107	158
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	17	37	54
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	9	13	22
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

KENTUCKY

Table 46 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kentucky, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.43	6.99	19.66	10.64	11.87
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.87	11.33	29.67	12.94	15.22
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.75	6.18	18.96	8.71	10.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.54	21.95	11.00	25.73	23.70
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.18	5.03	8.14	0.62	1.68
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.11	1.96	4.58	3.01	3.23
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.95	0.45	4.61	1.70	2.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.68	56.49	67.20	79.23	77.59
Past Year Heroin Use	0.40	0.04	0.52	0.42	0.43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.97	66.31	86.02	92.03	91.21
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.21	0.31	1.61	1.26	1.30
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.14	2.73	5.19	4.14	4.28
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	43.28	9.62	48.20	46.42	46.66
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	21.59	5.22	31.89	21.86	23.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.49	42.23	36.25	44.78	43.62
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.14	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.79	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	31.19	7.14	35.11	33.37	33.61
Past Month Cigarette Use	25.08	4.67	25.93	27.31	27.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.39	62.47	60.34	65.25	64.58
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.15	3.31	6.70	2.57	3.14
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.81	0.48	0.73	0.86	0.85
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.10	1.69	9.13	4.87	5.45
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.52	4.10	12.77	7.09	7.87
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.57	2.74	5.78	2.04	2.55
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.90	1.67	8.58	4.70	5.23
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.70	3.98	12.50	6.10	6.97
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27.03	21.83	22.54
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.39	5.34	5.76
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17.93	19.21	19.03
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.15	14.15	7.60	8.49
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.10	3.67	4.68
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.66	1.27	1.59
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.01	0.44	0.66
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

LOUISIANA

Table 47 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Louisiana, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	360	23	98	238	337
Past Year Marijuana Use	464	31	129	304	433
Past Month Marijuana Use	296	18	86	191	278
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,090	91	65	934	999
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	44	16	19	9	28
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	125	9	27	88	116
Past Year Cocaine Use	69	1	22	46	68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,950	203	330	2,417	2,747
Past Year Heroin Use	11	0	1	9	11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,355	232	397	2,725	3,122
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	30	1	3	27	30
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	147	9	23	115	138
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,835	36	246	1,553	1,799
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	990	18	153	819	972
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,718	159	192	1,367	1,558
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	111	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	60	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,091	21	141	929	1,071
Past Month Cigarette Use	843	12	103	728	831
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,646	227	316	2,103	2,419
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	109	9	30	70	100
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	26	1	3	21	24
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	214	5	41	168	209
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	291	12	58	221	279
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	97	8	28	62	90
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	202	5	37	160	196
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	262	11	55	195	251
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	127	607	734
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	39	145	183
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	71	449	521
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	51	66	204	271
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	57	106	163
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	19	29	48
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	11	12	23
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

LOUISIANA

Table 48 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Louisiana, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.41	6.33	21.03	7.96	9.73
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.15	8.56	27.57	10.17	12.53
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.74	4.99	18.47	6.39	8.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.51	25.19	13.86	31.22	28.86
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.74	4.33	6.79	0.45	1.31
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.26	2.44	5.84	2.95	3.34
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.81	0.26	4.77	1.53	1.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	77.22	56.25	70.51	80.78	79.38
Past Year Heroin Use	0.28	0.02	0.30	0.31	0.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.83	64.50	84.81	91.07	90.22
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.79	0.17	0.61	0.89	0.85
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.85	2.52	4.97	3.83	3.98
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	48.03	9.93	52.53	51.92	52.00
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	25.91	4.89	32.72	27.37	28.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.96	44.23	40.94	45.67	45.03
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.89	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.86	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	28.57	5.80	30.14	31.06	30.94
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.07	3.35	22.05	24.32	24.01
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.27	63.10	67.37	70.30	69.91
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.84	2.45	6.45	2.33	2.88
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.67	0.39	0.67	0.71	0.70
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.60	1.40	8.67	5.63	6.04
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.61	3.29	12.48	7.37	8.06
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.55	2.16	5.96	2.06	2.59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.28	1.41	7.88	5.33	5.68
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.86	3.14	11.79	6.53	7.24
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27.07	20.29	21.21
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.23	4.84	5.30
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.26	15.02	15.05
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.14	14.16	6.82	7.81
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.25	3.54	4.72
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.12	0.97	1.39
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.36	0.39	0.66
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MAINE

Table 49 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maine, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	220	11	44	165	209
Past Year Marijuana Use	289	16	59	214	273
Past Month Marijuana Use	205	10	43	153	195
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	182	14	7	161	168
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	17	6	7	5	12
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	37	2	8	27	35
Past Year Cocaine Use	23	1	9	14	22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	793	48	70	675	745
Past Year Heroin Use	7	0	1	6	7
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	999	58	98	843	942
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	6	0	1	5	6
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	38	2	7	30	36
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	650	9	73	568	641
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	257	5	44	208	252
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	477	34	38	405	443
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	32	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	240	5	33	202	235
Past Month Cigarette Use	201	4	26	172	197
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	825	60	81	684	765
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	42	3	12	27	39
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	8	0	1	7	8
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	66	2	13	51	64
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	100	4	21	74	96
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	35	3	11	21	32
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	63	2	13	49	61
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	92	4	21	67	88
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	39	199	238
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	14	51	65
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	28	193	221
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14	20	69	88
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	17	42	59
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	6	11	17
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	3	4	7
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MAINE

Table 50 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maine, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	18.88	12.28	36.54	17.25	19.42
Past Year Marijuana Use	24.77	17.53	48.63	22.42	25.37
Past Month Marijuana Use	17.58	10.93	35.12	15.97	18.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	15.61	15.28	5.80	16.89	15.64
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.38	7.71	14.39	1.09	2.61
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.21	2.32	6.77	2.84	3.28
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.96	0.56	7.25	1.42	2.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.04	54.07	57.67	70.64	69.18
Past Year Heroin Use	0.56	0.03	0.81	0.58	0.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.72	64.58	81.28	88.21	87.43
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.52	0.28	1.07	0.47	0.54
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.27	2.02	5.47	3.10	3.37
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.77	10.36	60.07	59.44	59.52
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	22.03	5.31	36.37	21.76	23.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.91	38.35	30.97	42.40	41.12
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.44	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.54	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.56	5.18	27.35	21.13	21.83
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.24	3.99	21.06	17.99	18.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.77	66.88	67.02	71.59	71.08
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.62	3.80	9.75	2.83	3.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.70	0.40	0.83	0.71	0.73
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.66	2.14	10.88	5.33	5.95
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.57	4.67	17.61	7.79	8.89
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.03	3.30	9.04	2.25	3.01
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.43	2.12	10.33	5.11	5.70
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.93	4.56	17.27	7.05	8.20
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32.25	20.81	22.10
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	11.35	5.36	6.03
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	22.87	20.17	20.48
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.60	16.30	7.18	8.19
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14.00	4.37	5.44
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	5.32	1.11	1.58
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.28	0.42	0.63
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MARYLAND

Table 51 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maryland, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	644	37	166	441	607
Past Year Marijuana Use	813	55	237	521	758
Past Month Marijuana Use	556	32	156	368	524
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,279	97	76	1,106	1,182
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	56	22	23	11	33
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	167	9	34	124	158
Past Year Cocaine Use	88	1	26	60	86
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,621	242	374	3,004	3,379
Past Year Heroin Use	12	0	2	10	12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,334	283	491	3,561	4,052
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	16	0	2	13	15
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	174	10	29	136	164
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,794	41	339	2,414	2,753
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,297	19	216	1,062	1,278
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,292	201	235	1,856	2,091
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	104	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	58	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	996	16	144	837	981
Past Month Cigarette Use	751	8	95	648	743
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,713	299	401	3,013	3,414
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	138	14	47	77	124
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	22	2	3	17	20
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	246	6	51	189	240
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	340	17	87	236	323
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	128	14	46	68	114
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	230	6	51	173	224
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	310	16	79	215	294
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	167	643	810
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	52	155	207
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	92	543	636
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	67	87	227	314
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	75	125	200
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	25	31	56
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	10	12	22
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MARYLAND

Table 52 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maryland, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.73	8.26	28.03	10.98	13.17
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.07	12.27	40.05	12.97	16.45
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.99	7.07	26.37	9.16	11.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.27	21.56	12.85	27.53	25.63
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.18	5.46	8.06	0.64	1.60
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.31	2.09	5.73	3.09	3.43
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.73	0.27	4.41	1.50	1.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.58	53.66	63.36	74.78	73.31
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.02	0.30	0.25	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.70	62.72	83.05	88.63	87.91
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.31	0.11	0.35	0.33	0.33
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.45	2.18	4.88	3.38	3.57
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.22	9.06	57.44	60.07	59.74
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	25.64	4.21	36.62	26.43	27.74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.30	44.70	39.73	46.19	45.36
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.43	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.19	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	19.69	3.46	24.30	20.83	21.28
Past Month Cigarette Use	14.85	1.86	16.07	16.12	16.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.39	66.28	67.92	74.99	74.08
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.72	3.02	8.01	1.91	2.69
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.43	0.43	0.50	0.42	0.43
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.87	1.38	8.62	4.71	5.21
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.72	3.70	14.75	5.87	7.01
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.53	3.06	7.82	1.69	2.48
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.54	1.35	8.58	4.30	4.85
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.13	3.58	13.39	5.34	6.38
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.18	16.01	17.57
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.74	3.85	4.48
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.57	13.53	13.79
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.93	14.72	5.66	6.81
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.70	3.11	4.34
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.24	0.78	1.22
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.66	0.29	0.47
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 53 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Massachusetts, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,008	53	265	690	955
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,318	77	367	874	1,241
Past Month Marijuana Use	887	46	245	596	840
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	988	80	66	842	908
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	101	29	51	21	72
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	222	10	57	155	212
Past Year Cocaine Use	134	2	55	76	132
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,830	250	429	3,151	3,580
Past Year Heroin Use	23	0	3	19	23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	5,082	312	637	4,134	4,770
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	20	1	3	17	20
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	192	9	34	150	184
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,594	52	505	3,037	3,542
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,692	24	343	1,325	1,668
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,505	194	269	2,042	2,311
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	182	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	112	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,068	19	175	875	1,050
Past Month Cigarette Use	861	11	132	718	850
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,409	328	539	3,542	4,081
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	201	16	69	116	185
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	36	2	5	29	34
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	363	8	93	261	355
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	503	20	139	344	483
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	179	14	59	105	165
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	335	8	89	238	327
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	450	19	129	302	432
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	233	924	1,157
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	70	212	282
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	172	977	1,149
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	75	123	320	442
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	95	167	261
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	28	38	65
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	12	8	20
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 54 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Massachusetts, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	16.94	11.03	33.58	14.74	17.46
Past Year Marijuana Use	22.16	16.03	46.57	18.67	22.69
Past Month Marijuana Use	14.91	9.72	31.01	12.73	15.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	16.60	16.74	8.35	18.00	16.59
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.79	7.25	15.27	1.13	3.17
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.73	2.12	7.19	3.32	3.87
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.24	0.42	6.98	1.63	2.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.41	52.31	54.37	67.32	65.45
Past Year Heroin Use	0.38	0.02	0.44	0.41	0.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.48	65.24	80.70	88.31	87.21
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.34	0.15	0.36	0.36	0.36
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.24	1.88	4.27	3.20	3.36
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	60.42	10.83	64.06	64.88	64.76
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	28.44	4.98	43.47	28.31	30.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.12	40.61	34.07	43.63	42.25
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	24.11	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.85	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	17.97	3.92	22.20	18.68	19.19
Past Month Cigarette Use	14.47	2.22	16.70	15.35	15.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	74.14	68.67	68.27	75.68	74.61
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.37	3.30	8.72	2.48	3.38
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.60	0.38	0.61	0.62	0.62
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.10	1.75	11.81	5.58	6.48
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.45	4.10	17.68	7.34	8.83
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.01	3.02	7.54	2.24	3.01
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.63	1.68	11.31	5.08	5.98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.57	3.90	16.39	6.46	7.89
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29.55	19.73	21.15
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.88	4.54	5.16
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	21.80	20.87	21.01
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.61	15.53	6.83	8.08
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.00	3.56	4.77
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.50	0.80	1.19
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.56	0.16	0.36
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MICHIGAN

Table 55 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Michigan, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,312	67	343	902	1,245
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,765	101	475	1,189	1,664
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,172	56	316	800	1,116
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,549	153	94	1,302	1,396
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	135	42	62	32	94
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	309	18	80	211	292
Past Year Cocaine Use	154	3	64	88	151
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	5,967	394	657	4,916	5,573
Past Year Heroin Use	27	0	4	23	27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,239	467	883	5,889	6,772
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	32	1	6	24	31
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	319	20	65	234	299
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	4,547	69	658	3,821	4,479
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	2,236	35	423	1,777	2,201
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,508	309	363	2,835	3,199
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	260	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	154	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	2,037	34	310	1,693	2,003
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,616	20	212	1,384	1,596
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,739	484	676	4,580	5,256
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	234	23	85	127	211
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	37	3	7	27	34
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	486	12	112	362	473
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	615	30	162	424	585
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	213	22	82	109	191
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	461	12	104	345	449
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	578	28	153	397	550
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	306	1,265	1,571
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	86	300	387
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	199	1,114	1,313
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	125	165	472	637
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	123	233	357
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	39	65	104
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	21	29	50
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MICHIGAN

Table 56 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Michigan, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	15.45	8.87	31.86	13.54	16.09
Past Year Marijuana Use	20.80	13.38	44.14	17.86	21.52
Past Month Marijuana Use	13.80	7.42	29.30	12.02	14.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.23	20.28	8.72	19.56	18.03
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.18	6.30	12.69	0.93	2.59
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.64	2.33	7.46	3.18	3.77
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.82	0.37	5.93	1.31	1.96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.31	52.22	61.03	73.84	72.05
Past Year Heroin Use	0.32	0.03	0.37	0.35	0.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.31	61.98	81.98	88.45	87.55
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.38	0.18	0.57	0.37	0.39
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.76	2.60	6.05	3.52	3.87
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	53.57	9.11	61.04	57.39	57.90
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.34	4.67	39.31	26.70	28.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.33	41.05	33.73	42.59	41.35
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.95	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.03	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	24.00	4.50	28.75	25.44	25.90
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.04	2.68	19.69	20.79	20.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.62	64.19	62.74	68.79	67.95
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.76	3.02	7.89	1.90	2.73
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.44	0.41	0.63	0.41	0.44
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.72	1.64	10.39	5.43	6.12
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.25	3.98	15.00	6.36	7.56
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.51	2.87	7.63	1.64	2.47
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.43	1.60	9.67	5.18	5.80
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.81	3.74	14.23	5.96	7.11
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.42	19.00	20.32
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.02	4.51	5.00
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.50	16.73	16.97
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.55	15.33	7.09	8.23
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.44	3.51	4.61
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.61	0.97	1.34
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.93	0.44	0.64
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MINNESOTA

Table 57 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Minnesota, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	534	36	138	360	498
Past Year Marijuana Use	781	55	220	506	726
Past Month Marijuana Use	469	29	128	312	440
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	805	83	48	675	723
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	63	21	27	15	41
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	150	10	36	103	139
Past Year Cocaine Use	101	2	34	65	99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,038	222	312	2,505	2,816
Past Year Heroin Use	14	0	2	11	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,820	261	436	3,123	3,559
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	37	1	5	31	36
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	169	10	32	128	159
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,823	48	371	2,404	2,775
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,267	22	234	1,011	1,245
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,784	169	179	1,436	1,615
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	154	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	91	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	986	20	150	816	966
Past Month Cigarette Use	766	13	111	642	753
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,205	279	363	2,563	2,926
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	131	15	41	74	116
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	19	2	3	14	17
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	266	7	65	193	258
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	346	20	87	238	325
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	126	14	39	73	112
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	257	7	65	185	250
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	330	19	85	226	311
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	182	694	876
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	52	157	209
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	118	693	811
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	70	96	245	341
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	75	128	202
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	26	36	62
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	11	8	19
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MINNESOTA

Table 58 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Minnesota, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.34	8.18	24.24	9.73	11.67
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.60	12.59	38.75	13.67	17.02
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.96	6.53	22.47	8.44	10.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.10	18.86	8.35	18.25	16.92
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.49	5.13	9.58	0.78	1.98
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.19	2.38	6.39	2.79	3.27
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.14	0.43	5.94	1.76	2.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.59	50.69	54.80	67.72	65.99
Past Year Heroin Use	0.29	0.02	0.43	0.30	0.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.21	59.60	76.65	84.43	83.39
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.78	0.22	0.83	0.83	0.83
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.60	2.28	5.56	3.45	3.73
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	59.99	11.03	65.24	64.99	65.02
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.93	5.07	41.11	27.34	29.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.91	38.56	31.50	38.82	37.85
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23.63	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.96	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.96	4.48	26.41	22.07	22.65
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.29	2.99	19.55	17.36	17.65
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.12	63.79	63.74	69.29	68.55
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.78	3.42	7.25	2.01	2.71
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.40	0.38	0.59	0.37	0.40
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.65	1.69	11.50	5.22	6.06
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.34	4.62	15.28	6.45	7.62
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.68	3.25	6.84	1.97	2.62
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.46	1.67	11.38	5.00	5.85
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.01	4.26	14.97	6.11	7.29
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32.08	18.75	20.53
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.09	4.24	4.89
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	20.71	18.73	19.00
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.94	16.80	6.63	7.98
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	13.13	3.45	4.74
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.54	0.98	1.45
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.96	0.23	0.46
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MISSISSIPPI

Table 59 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Mississippi, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	225	16	61	148	209
Past Year Marijuana Use	297	24	78	195	273
Past Month Marijuana Use	193	14	54	126	180
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	773	68	54	651	705
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	27	11	12	4	16
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	73	5	16	52	68
Past Year Cocaine Use	37	1	11	26	37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,942	136	230	1,577	1,807
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	4	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,152	155	268	1,730	1,997
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	23	0	2	20	23
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	96	8	18	70	88
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	950	19	132	799	931
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	503	11	82	410	492
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,191	113	140	938	1,078
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	62	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	37	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	750	17	102	631	733
Past Month Cigarette Use	593	10	71	511	582
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,650	146	204	1,299	1,503
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	65	6	19	40	59
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	12	1	2	9	11
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	117	3	25	89	114
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	166	8	37	121	158
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	57	5	18	34	52
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	110	3	23	84	107
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	152	8	35	109	144
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	78	368	446
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	22	94	116
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	39	263	302
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	31	35	126	161
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	39	78	118
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	13	24	37
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	7	7	14
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MISSISSIPPI

Table 60 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Mississippi, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.17	6.66	19.17	7.83	9.45
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.09	9.90	24.62	10.28	12.33
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.88	5.68	16.99	6.65	8.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	31.51	28.08	17.12	34.36	31.88
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.67	4.55	5.83	0.37	1.19
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.99	2.16	5.07	2.76	3.09
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.52	0.25	3.45	1.36	1.66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	79.21	56.15	72.75	83.20	81.70
Past Year Heroin Use	0.22	0.02	0.31	0.23	0.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.77	63.98	84.68	91.28	90.34
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.95	0.19	0.79	1.07	1.03
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.93	3.26	5.69	3.72	4.00
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	38.75	8.05	41.68	42.18	42.10
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	20.49	4.55	25.81	21.64	22.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.58	46.90	44.32	49.50	48.76
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.00	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.47	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	30.57	7.08	32.11	33.32	33.14
Past Month Cigarette Use	24.16	4.19	22.46	26.99	26.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.27	60.61	64.63	68.55	67.99
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.65	2.56	5.92	2.11	2.66
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.48	0.37	0.67	0.46	0.49
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.77	1.37	7.83	4.70	5.15
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.77	3.32	11.67	6.39	7.15
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.34	2.23	5.79	1.78	2.35
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.49	1.36	7.27	4.43	4.83
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.19	3.18	10.99	5.77	6.52
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	24.62	19.41	20.16
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	6.89	4.95	5.23
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	12.49	13.86	13.67
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	12.64	11.17	6.64	7.28
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.43	4.13	5.31
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.06	1.27	1.67
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.10	0.38	0.63
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MISSOURI

Table 61 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Missouri, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	543	35	143	365	508
Past Year Marijuana Use	763	53	204	506	710
Past Month Marijuana Use	460	27	130	302	433
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,052	111	68	873	941
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	65	22	32	11	43
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	151	11	34	105	140
Past Year Cocaine Use	68	2	26	40	66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,696	270	400	3,026	3,426
Past Year Heroin Use	14	0	3	11	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,385	308	504	3,572	4,077
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	46	1	7	37	45
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	189	13	37	139	177
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,533	43	338	2,151	2,490
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,231	23	215	993	1,208
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,039	186	212	1,641	1,853
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	154	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	100	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,237	24	173	1,041	1,214
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,009	16	138	855	993
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,368	292	384	2,693	3,076
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	146	15	46	85	131
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	25	2	4	19	23
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	267	8	59	199	258
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	377	19	88	271	358
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	130	13	41	75	117
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	256	8	56	192	248
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	348	18	85	246	331
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	195	861	1,056
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	57	201	258
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	118	709	827
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	72	97	310	408
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	83	152	235
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	25	49	74
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	13	21	34
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MISSOURI

Table 62 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Missouri, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.61	7.52	22.72	9.08	10.92
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.91	11.35	32.52	12.58	15.27
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.99	5.88	20.73	7.52	9.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.55	23.81	10.80	21.70	20.22
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.25	5.05	8.93	0.57	1.76
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.96	2.46	5.49	2.62	3.01
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.33	0.38	4.12	1.00	1.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.26	57.97	63.73	75.22	73.67
Past Year Heroin Use	0.28	0.03	0.43	0.28	0.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.74	66.04	80.41	88.81	87.67
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.90	0.27	1.19	0.93	0.96
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.70	2.74	5.95	3.46	3.80
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	49.51	9.19	53.95	53.48	53.55
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.06	5.02	34.22	24.68	25.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.86	39.95	33.84	40.78	39.85
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.46	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.33	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	24.19	5.09	27.52	25.88	26.10
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.72	3.41	21.94	21.26	21.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	65.85	62.74	61.15	66.94	66.16
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.85	3.23	7.33	2.11	2.82
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.49	0.43	0.63	0.48	0.50
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.21	1.80	9.46	4.95	5.56
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.38	4.04	14.01	6.73	7.71
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.53	2.82	6.57	1.87	2.51
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.01	1.73	8.89	4.78	5.34
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.81	3.77	13.53	6.11	7.11
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	31.06	21.40	22.71
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.09	5.00	5.56
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.86	17.62	17.79
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.54	15.50	7.71	8.76
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	13.27	3.77	5.05
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.05	1.22	1.60
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.02	0.53	0.73
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MONTANA

Table 63 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Montana, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	147	9	34	103	138
Past Year Marijuana Use	180	12	44	124	168
Past Month Marijuana Use	134	7	33	94	127
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	164	14	9	141	150
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	12	5	5	2	8
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	33	2	9	22	31
Past Year Cocaine Use	19	0	8	11	19
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	594	39	60	495	555
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	1	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	739	46	85	608	693
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	13	0	2	10	13
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	38	2	7	29	36
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	518	9	69	440	509
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	246	5	46	196	242
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	342	28	36	278	314
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	28	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	254	6	44	205	249
Past Month Cigarette Use	187	4	32	151	183
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	627	48	70	508	578
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	31	3	9	19	28
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	6	0	1	5	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	67	2	15	50	65
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	87	4	18	64	83
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	27	3	8	16	25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	64	2	14	49	63
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	83	4	18	61	79
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	31	140	171
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	10	33	43
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19	125	144
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	12	16	49	65
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	13	25	38
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4	8	12
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2	2	5
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

MONTANA

Table 64 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Montana, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	16.32	11.58	31.39	14.51	16.77
Past Year Marijuana Use	20.06	15.98	40.46	17.36	20.44
Past Month Marijuana Use	14.92	9.77	29.85	13.18	15.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.21	17.91	8.48	19.75	18.24
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.33	7.46	11.70	0.98	2.52
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.72	3.02	8.36	3.09	3.79
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.11	0.61	6.92	1.53	2.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.16	50.97	55.03	69.47	67.54
Past Year Heroin Use	0.36	0.04	0.47	0.38	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.28	60.74	77.15	85.34	84.25
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.43	0.32	2.03	1.46	1.53
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.27	2.69	6.49	4.09	4.41
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	57.64	11.64	62.94	61.76	61.92
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	27.43	5.99	41.88	27.50	29.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.04	36.22	33.16	38.98	38.20
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23.97	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.50	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	28.32	7.59	39.79	28.78	30.25
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.83	5.58	28.79	21.24	22.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.77	63.26	64.22	71.32	70.37
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.46	4.08	7.87	2.71	3.40
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.68	0.39	0.82	0.69	0.71
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	7.46	2.51	13.65	7.04	7.92
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	9.67	5.68	16.69	9.02	10.04
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.03	3.57	7.35	2.31	2.98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	7.17	2.43	12.50	6.86	7.61
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	9.21	5.11	16.64	8.51	9.59
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.07	19.69	20.81
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.83	4.63	5.19
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17.63	17.55	17.56
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.11	14.57	6.91	7.93
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.80	3.53	4.63
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.88	1.06	1.44
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.20	0.31	0.56
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEBRASKA

Table 65 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nebraska, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	149	13	48	88	137
Past Year Marijuana Use	227	22	73	133	206
Past Month Marijuana Use	134	11	45	78	123
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	360	36	22	302	324
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	22	9	10	4	13
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	42	4	13	26	39
Past Year Cocaine Use	27	1	13	14	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,110	81	128	901	1,029
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	1	3	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,339	99	170	1,070	1,240
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	9	0	2	7	9
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	52	5	12	36	48
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	878	16	129	733	862
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	462	8	87	367	454
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	603	59	68	476	544
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	56	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	36	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	364	6	61	297	358
Past Month Cigarette Use	285	4	43	237	281
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,049	96	127	826	953
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	40	4	15	21	36
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	8	1	1	5	7
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	90	3	24	64	87
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	116	6	31	79	110
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	40	4	15	21	36
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	88	3	23	62	85
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	107	6	31	70	101
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	65	225	290
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	19	51	70
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	40	220	260
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	24	33	75	108
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	26	44	70
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	11	17	27
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	4	6	10
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEBRASKA

Table 66 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nebraska, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.41	8.04	22.80	7.27	9.56
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.35	13.87	34.47	10.92	14.41
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.43	6.75	21.24	6.43	8.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.69	22.64	10.41	24.85	22.70
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.39	6.29	8.29	0.56	1.70
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.66	2.32	5.98	2.13	2.70
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.70	0.50	5.93	1.13	1.84
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.11	51.57	60.42	74.17	72.13
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.03	0.37	0.25	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.57	62.72	80.52	88.06	86.94
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.60	0.22	1.04	0.57	0.64
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.31	2.93	5.65	2.95	3.35
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.40	9.97	60.76	60.36	60.41
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	29.19	5.20	41.20	30.22	31.84
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.05	37.49	31.95	39.19	38.12
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.61	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.49	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	22.98	4.04	28.70	24.43	25.06
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.99	2.82	20.47	19.53	19.67
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.21	60.91	60.03	67.97	66.79
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.55	2.74	6.97	1.76	2.53
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.48	0.38	0.71	0.45	0.49
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.69	1.85	11.23	5.23	6.12
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.34	3.94	14.80	6.48	7.71
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.51	2.69	6.92	1.72	2.49
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.54	1.81	10.94	5.08	5.95
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.74	3.76	14.53	5.77	7.07
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	30.55	18.51	20.30
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.86	4.24	4.92
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.07	18.09	18.24
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.50	15.64	6.20	7.59
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.27	3.60	4.88
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	5.12	1.36	1.92
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.89	0.48	0.69
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEVADA

Table 67 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nevada, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	450	24	94	332	426
Past Year Marijuana Use	613	39	123	451	574
Past Month Marijuana Use	412	22	89	301	390
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	565	42	28	495	523
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	36	13	13	10	23
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	95	6	17	72	89
Past Year Cocaine Use	70	1	21	48	69
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,743	120	174	1,449	1,623
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	5	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,175	145	233	1,798	2,030
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	31	0	4	26	31
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	99	7	18	75	92
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,334	22	152	1,161	1,313
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	636	10	92	534	626
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,144	97	117	931	1,047
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	61	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	33	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	536	8	65	463	528
Past Month Cigarette Use	434	5	46	383	430
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,847	153	190	1,504	1,694
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	112	11	28	73	101
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	15	1	2	12	14
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	155	4	29	121	150
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	230	13	48	169	217
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	97	10	28	60	87
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	143	4	28	111	139
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	213	12	44	156	201
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	81	431	512
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	25	106	131
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	37	291	328
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	42	45	147	192
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	34	81	115
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	12	19	32
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	8	7	15
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEVADA

Table 68 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nevada, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	17.59	10.55	33.06	16.24	18.29
Past Year Marijuana Use	23.94	16.76	43.50	22.04	24.65
Past Month Marijuana Use	16.10	9.67	31.49	14.69	16.74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.06	18.31	9.87	24.19	22.44
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.97	7.38	10.66	1.01	2.15
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.70	2.50	6.11	3.50	3.81
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.74	0.53	7.41	2.35	2.96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.07	51.66	61.49	70.82	69.68
Past Year Heroin Use	0.21	0.01	0.30	0.22	0.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.95	62.39	82.14	87.85	87.15
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.21	0.14	1.56	1.29	1.32
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.87	2.90	6.28	3.64	3.96
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.10	9.28	53.71	56.73	56.37
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.84	4.46	32.45	26.09	26.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.67	41.75	41.14	45.48	44.96
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.59	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.52	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.94	3.47	22.84	22.65	22.68
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.96	2.03	16.41	18.72	18.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.10	65.95	66.90	73.51	72.70
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	4.37	4.69	9.96	3.56	4.34
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.58	0.42	0.79	0.57	0.60
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.04	1.84	10.31	5.93	6.46
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.98	5.59	16.98	8.26	9.32
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.80	4.23	9.81	2.91	3.75
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.59	1.76	9.89	5.43	5.97
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	8.31	5.17	15.68	7.64	8.62
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.66	21.04	21.97
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.73	5.20	5.63
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	13.15	14.22	14.09
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	17.93	15.84	7.17	8.22
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.10	3.96	4.94
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.33	0.94	1.35
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.77	0.36	0.65
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 69 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Hampshire, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	185	10	46	130	175
Past Year Marijuana Use	253	15	64	173	238
Past Month Marijuana Use	166	8	42	116	158
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	177	16	8	153	162
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	15	6	7	3	9
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	39	2	11	25	37
Past Year Cocaine Use	31	1	13	18	31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	761	48	72	642	714
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	1	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,040	62	119	859	979
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	5	0	1	4	5
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	40	2	7	31	38
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	738	10	97	631	728
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	329	5	64	260	324
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	439	34	41	364	405
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	32	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	235	4	42	190	232
Past Month Cigarette Use	173	3	29	141	170
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	848	62	91	694	786
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	34	3	11	20	31
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	7	0	1	5	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	76	2	20	54	74
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	100	4	28	68	96
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	29	3	10	16	26
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	74	2	20	52	72
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	93	4	26	63	89
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	47	196	243
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	13	40	53
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	31	182	213
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15	23	66	90
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	18	33	51
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	6	8	14
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	3	4	7
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 70 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Hampshire, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	15.68	10.10	32.53	13.73	16.16
Past Year Marijuana Use	21.43	16.17	45.92	18.31	21.88
Past Month Marijuana Use	14.05	8.18	30.16	12.25	14.56
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	15.00	16.46	6.03	16.19	14.87
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.50	7.68	13.81	1.01	2.68
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.29	2.34	8.09	2.67	3.37
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.63	0.61	9.23	1.86	2.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.54	50.39	51.12	67.92	65.74
Past Year Heroin Use	0.30	0.03	0.52	0.29	0.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.19	65.41	85.22	90.86	90.13
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.44	0.26	1.01	0.38	0.46
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.38	1.94	4.77	3.31	3.50
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	62.54	10.86	68.89	66.75	67.03
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	27.92	5.73	45.35	27.55	29.85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.22	36.11	29.49	38.48	37.32
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23.15	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.75	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	19.95	3.97	29.79	20.08	21.34
Past Month Cigarette Use	14.64	2.84	20.78	14.90	15.66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.89	66.20	65.22	73.43	72.37
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.91	3.32	8.15	2.09	2.87
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.57	0.39	0.76	0.55	0.58
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.47	2.10	14.39	5.74	6.85
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.50	4.57	19.73	7.22	8.84
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.46	3.00	7.43	1.67	2.41
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	6.28	2.08	14.06	5.54	6.64
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.89	4.27	18.81	6.64	8.21
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	33.17	20.77	22.37
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.14	4.22	4.85
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	22.14	19.28	19.65
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.85	16.71	7.02	8.27
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.89	3.47	4.68
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.37	0.83	1.29
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.15	0.42	0.64
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW JERSEY

Table 71 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Jersey, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	765	52	209	503	712
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,033	78	304	651	955
Past Month Marijuana Use	676	45	194	437	631
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,293	184	134	1,975	2,109
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	89	33	40	15	56
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	188	12	46	131	177
Past Year Cocaine Use	119	2	41	76	117
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	5,529	382	562	4,585	5,147
Past Year Heroin Use	31	0	3	27	30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	6,583	451	740	5,392	6,132
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	28	1	3	24	27
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	225	13	38	174	212
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,976	64	505	3,407	3,912
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,906	36	350	1,521	1,870
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,606	308	331	2,967	3,298
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	199	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	127	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,207	20	184	1,003	1,187
Past Month Cigarette Use	991	11	128	852	981
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,806	466	616	4,724	5,340
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	200	17	67	116	183
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	35	3	4	28	32
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	326	10	72	244	316
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	482	22	126	333	459
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	183	17	64	102	166
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	317	10	75	231	307
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	454	23	119	312	431
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	217	905	1,122
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	64	216	279
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	123	797	920
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	86	116	308	424
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	91	169	260
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	27	38	64
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	13	20	33
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW JERSEY

Table 72 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Jersey, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.17	7.75	24.30	8.40	10.41
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.73	11.48	35.36	10.87	13.95
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.99	6.69	22.50	7.30	9.22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	30.46	27.30	15.60	32.97	30.77
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.90	5.22	8.59	0.48	1.39
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.50	1.77	5.32	2.18	2.58
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.59	0.32	4.77	1.27	1.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	73.48	56.54	65.25	76.55	75.12
Past Year Heroin Use	0.41	0.02	0.40	0.45	0.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.51	66.82	85.91	90.03	89.51
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.37	0.13	0.38	0.40	0.40
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	2.99	1.89	4.41	2.90	3.09
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.83	9.40	58.64	56.89	57.11
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	25.33	5.26	40.63	25.39	27.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.92	45.64	38.49	49.53	48.14
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.85	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.63	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	16.03	2.96	21.38	16.74	17.32
Past Month Cigarette Use	13.17	1.56	14.90	14.23	14.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	77.16	68.98	71.58	78.88	77.96
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.66	2.51	7.79	1.94	2.68
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.46	0.38	0.51	0.46	0.47
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.33	1.49	8.42	4.07	4.61
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.40	3.33	14.66	5.56	6.71
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.43	2.54	7.46	1.70	2.42
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.21	1.50	8.76	3.86	4.48
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.03	3.33	13.79	5.21	6.29
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	25.16	15.11	16.37
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.39	3.60	4.08
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	14.25	13.31	13.43
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	12.71	13.48	5.14	6.19
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.58	2.82	3.79
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.10	0.63	0.94
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.49	0.34	0.48
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW MEXICO

Table 73 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Mexico, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	243	19	55	169	223
Past Year Marijuana Use	358	31	77	250	327
Past Month Marijuana Use	217	16	51	150	201
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	394	31	24	339	363
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	25	11	9	5	14
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	51	5	11	34	46
Past Year Cocaine Use	33	1	11	21	32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,194	85	138	971	1,109
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	4	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,467	106	178	1,183	1,362
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	14	0	3	11	14
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	65	5	12	47	60
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	787	14	104	669	773
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	370	7	64	299	363
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	870	74	96	700	796
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	41	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	24	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	416	8	68	340	408
Past Month Cigarette Use	337	5	52	281	332
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,249	105	146	999	1,145
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	51	7	16	28	44
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	9	1	2	7	8
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	93	3	23	68	91
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	131	9	34	88	122
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	47	7	16	24	40
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	86	3	22	62	84
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	122	8	34	80	114
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	59	279	338
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	18	66	84
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	32	213	245
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	31	33	94	128
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	25	51	76
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	9	12	21
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	5	4	10
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW MEXICO

Table 74 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Mexico, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	13.89	11.56	25.27	12.36	14.13
Past Year Marijuana Use	20.48	18.66	35.38	18.34	20.67
Past Month Marijuana Use	12.43	9.83	23.48	10.99	12.70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.55	18.72	11.12	24.84	22.95
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.10	8.75	9.39	0.88	2.06
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.89	2.92	5.19	2.52	2.89
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.87	0.65	4.98	1.53	2.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.37	51.49	63.73	71.13	70.12
Past Year Heroin Use	0.30	0.01	0.34	0.32	0.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.03	63.83	82.37	86.70	86.10
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.81	0.10	1.30	0.82	0.88
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.71	2.94	5.74	3.48	3.79
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	45.04	8.26	48.25	48.99	48.89
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	21.18	4.18	29.49	21.92	22.96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	49.81	44.56	44.44	51.30	50.36
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.17	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.48	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	23.83	5.08	31.36	24.91	25.79
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.30	2.89	23.87	20.56	21.01
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.52	63.12	67.54	73.16	72.39
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.95	4.28	7.43	2.07	2.81
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.51	0.36	0.70	0.50	0.52
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.35	1.68	10.51	4.98	5.73
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.49	5.43	15.67	6.44	7.70
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.70	4.22	7.24	1.79	2.54
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.95	1.65	10.19	4.52	5.29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.99	5.06	15.52	5.87	7.19
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27.36	20.44	21.39
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.36	4.82	5.31
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	14.58	15.63	15.48
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	18.60	15.28	6.92	8.06
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.43	3.76	4.81
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.22	0.87	1.32
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.33	0.33	0.60
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW YORK

Table 75 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New York, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	2,062	112	533	1,417	1,950
Past Year Marijuana Use	2,871	177	782	1,913	2,695
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,827	97	497	1,233	1,730
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	4,423	335	268	3,820	4,088
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	202	67	88	47	134
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	537	30	126	381	507
Past Year Cocaine Use	417	4	131	282	413
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	11,168	735	1,199	9,234	10,433
Past Year Heroin Use	49	0	6	42	49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	13,952	887	1,647	11,419	13,065
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	40	2	6	32	38
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	489	25	94	371	464
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	8,435	128	1,139	7,168	8,307
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	3,853	66	762	3,025	3,787
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	7,709	597	753	6,360	7,113
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	388	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	241	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	2,973	43	461	2,469	2,930
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,403	24	326	2,053	2,380
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	12,616	924	1,464	10,228	11,693
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	498	39	157	301	459
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	69	5	10	53	63
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	855	22	188	645	834
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	1,184	52	295	836	1,131
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	473	38	146	289	435
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	804	21	182	600	782
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	1,106	50	281	774	1,056
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	555	2,417	2,972
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	151	512	663
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	322	2,064	2,387
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	179	270	769	1,040
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	206	436	642
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	57	129	186
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	31	62	92
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NEW YORK

Table 76 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New York, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.45	8.31	26.22	10.74	12.81
Past Year Marijuana Use	17.33	13.09	38.49	14.50	17.70
Past Month Marijuana Use	11.02	7.20	24.45	9.35	11.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.68	24.83	13.19	28.96	26.84
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.15	5.59	8.60	0.63	1.64
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.24	2.24	6.19	2.89	3.33
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.52	0.32	6.44	2.14	2.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	67.41	54.50	59.04	69.99	68.53
Past Year Heroin Use	0.30	0.02	0.32	0.32	0.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.23	65.77	81.06	86.56	85.82
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.24	0.12	0.28	0.24	0.25
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	2.95	1.85	4.61	2.81	3.05
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.90	9.50	56.07	54.34	54.57
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	23.25	4.91	37.50	22.93	24.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.52	44.27	37.05	48.21	46.72
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.74	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.64	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	17.94	3.18	22.68	18.72	19.25
Past Month Cigarette Use	14.51	1.75	16.07	15.57	15.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	76.14	68.51	72.09	77.54	76.81
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.01	2.91	7.75	2.28	3.01
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.41	0.38	0.50	0.40	0.42
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.16	1.61	9.28	4.89	5.48
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.14	3.87	14.53	6.34	7.43
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.86	2.81	7.18	2.19	2.86
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.85	1.59	8.97	4.55	5.14
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.67	3.72	13.85	5.87	6.94
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27.33	18.32	19.52
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.41	3.88	4.35
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.88	15.65	15.68
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	13.29	13.30	5.83	6.82
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.14	3.30	4.21
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	2.81	0.98	1.22
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.50	0.47	0.60
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 77 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Carolina, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	927	65	231	632	862
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,316	101	329	885	1,215
Past Month Marijuana Use	799	54	207	538	745
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,113	189	121	1,803	1,924
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	94	42	35	17	51
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	271	20	68	183	251
Past Year Cocaine Use	169	3	55	111	166
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,321	432	677	5,212	5,889
Past Year Heroin Use	24	0	4	20	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,498	495	870	6,133	7,003
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	49	1	7	41	48
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	311	21	57	233	289
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	4,303	73	586	3,644	4,230
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	2,081	42	370	1,670	2,040
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,048	360	417	3,270	3,688
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	211	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	134	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	2,159	38	300	1,821	2,121
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,731	23	205	1,502	1,707
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,963	508	674	4,781	5,455
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	250	25	81	145	226
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	48	3	8	37	44
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	445	12	93	341	433
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	607	31	146	430	576
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	233	24	78	131	209
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	420	12	89	319	408
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	574	30	141	403	544
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	286	1,246	1,532
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	75	302	376
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	166	1,222	1,388
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	132	146	457	603
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	102	205	307
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	35	65	100
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	19	21	40
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 78 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Carolina, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.63	8.18	21.63	9.20	10.87
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.08	12.78	30.87	12.89	15.31
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.16	6.87	19.41	7.83	9.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	24.20	23.79	11.34	26.26	24.24
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.10	6.14	6.46	0.59	1.41
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.10	2.54	6.38	2.66	3.16
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.93	0.33	5.17	1.62	2.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.46	54.43	63.46	75.92	74.24
Past Year Heroin Use	0.28	0.02	0.37	0.29	0.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.95	62.32	81.57	89.32	88.28
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.56	0.15	0.61	0.60	0.60
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.56	2.66	5.30	3.39	3.65
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	49.31	9.19	54.94	53.07	53.33
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	23.85	5.23	34.64	24.32	25.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.39	45.40	39.12	47.63	46.48
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.71	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.20	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	24.74	4.85	28.09	26.52	26.73
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.83	2.93	19.26	21.87	21.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.34	63.94	63.18	69.64	68.77
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.87	3.12	7.60	2.11	2.85
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.55	0.41	0.71	0.54	0.56
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.10	1.47	8.69	4.96	5.46
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.95	3.91	13.68	6.26	7.26
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.67	3.05	7.30	1.91	2.64
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.81	1.47	8.38	4.64	5.14
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.58	3.77	13.22	5.87	6.86
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	26.78	18.15	19.31
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.01	4.39	4.75
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.56	17.80	17.50
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.68	13.71	6.65	7.60
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.58	2.99	3.87
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.25	0.95	1.26
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.81	0.30	0.51
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 79 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Dakota, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	56	3	17	36	53
Past Year Marijuana Use	78	5	26	47	73
Past Month Marijuana Use	48	3	16	29	45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	136	13	9	113	122
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	9	3	5	2	6
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	19	1	5	13	18
Past Year Cocaine Use	9	0	4	5	9
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	434	28	54	351	405
Past Year Heroin Use	2	0	0	2	2
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	517	32	72	412	485
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	7	0	1	5	7
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	23	1	5	17	22
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	349	5	62	282	344
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	189	3	43	143	186
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	244	21	30	192	222
Past Month Alcohol Use6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	158	3	28	127	155
Past Month Cigarette Use	121	2	20	99	118
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	398	33	54	311	364
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	19	2	7	10	17
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	5	0	1	4	4
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	40	1	12	27	39
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	53	3	15	35	50
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	16	1	6	9	15
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	39	1	11	26	37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	49	3	15	32	47
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27	89	116
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8	20	29
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17	81	98
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	8	14	34	48
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12	18	30
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4	6	10
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2	3	4
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 80 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Dakota, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.09	6.25	18.08	7.69	9.36
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.64	9.44	28.72	9.90	12.95
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.67	4.76	17.10	6.19	7.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	21.88	24.52	10.21	23.86	21.63
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.14	4.03	8.75	0.56	1.85
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.11	2.02	5.38	2.79	3.21
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.44	0.48	4.41	0.98	1.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.03	51.88	58.87	74.25	71.76
Past Year Heroin Use	0.31	0.03	0.41	0.32	0.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.52	59.55	78.81	87.16	85.80
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.15	0.32	1.63	1.15	1.23
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.71	2.20	5.13	3.62	3.86
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	56.40	9.42	67.76	59.62	60.93
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	30.56	5.44	46.91	30.29	32.98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.33	39.43	32.32	40.67	39.31
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	25.79	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.51	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	25.50	5.44	30.87	26.77	27.44
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.46	4.01	21.64	20.83	20.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.21	60.99	58.63	65.66	64.51
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.00	3.02	7.09	2.20	2.99
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.75	0.38	0.80	0.78	0.78
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.44	2.36	12.71	5.69	6.83
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.55	5.08	16.27	7.46	8.88
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.66	2.74	6.47	1.91	2.65
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	6.23	2.28	12.38	5.49	6.61
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.97	4.64	16.11	6.78	8.29
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29.07	18.83	20.50
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.84	4.31	5.04
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.51	17.18	17.40
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.07	15.29	7.21	8.52
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	13.29	3.73	5.28
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.52	1.21	1.75
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.01	0.55	0.78
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

OHIO

Table 81 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Ohio, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,146	71	280	795	1,075
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,556	106	430	1,021	1,451
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,004	57	264	682	947
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,176	208	109	1,858	1,967
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	131	44	62	24	86
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	309	19	66	224	290
Past Year Cocaine Use	171	3	59	109	168
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	7,018	482	754	5,782	6,536
Past Year Heroin Use	34	0	5	29	34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	8,697	591	1,040	7,066	8,106
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	83	2	12	69	81
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	388	22	66	300	366
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	5,042	86	691	4,264	4,956
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	2,433	47	443	1,943	2,386
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,052	357	405	3,289	3,694
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	290	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	185	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	2,652	49	397	2,207	2,604
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,079	33	283	1,763	2,046
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	6,623	556	745	5,322	6,067
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	339	31	99	209	308
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	103	4	10	90	100
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	505	14	114	377	490
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	747	38	178	531	709
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	278	28	90	160	250
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	476	14	106	356	462
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	661	36	165	459	625
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	385	1,728	2,112
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	123	438	562
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	242	1,480	1,723
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	131	204	586	790
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	177	367	545
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	58	106	165
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	24	39	62
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

OHIO

Table 82 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Ohio, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.67	8.01	23.31	10.28	12.03
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.84	11.88	35.81	13.20	16.24
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.22	6.45	22.02	8.82	10.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.13	23.42	9.12	24.02	22.00
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.44	5.39	10.08	0.63	1.91
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.14	2.14	5.48	2.89	3.24
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.74	0.37	4.89	1.41	1.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.44	54.15	62.85	74.75	73.14
Past Year Heroin Use	0.35	0.04	0.42	0.38	0.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.55	66.44	86.64	91.35	90.71
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.84	0.26	0.97	0.89	0.90
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.95	2.51	5.53	3.87	4.10
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	51.31	9.63	57.61	55.13	55.46
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.76	5.24	36.90	25.12	26.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.24	40.17	33.78	42.52	41.34
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.23	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.53	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	27.00	5.50	33.06	28.53	29.14
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.16	3.76	23.56	22.79	22.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.42	62.48	62.06	68.81	67.90
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.45	3.49	8.23	2.71	3.45
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	1.05	0.40	0.79	1.17	1.12
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.14	1.61	9.47	4.87	5.49
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.60	4.23	14.85	6.87	7.94
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.83	3.14	7.46	2.07	2.80
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.85	1.62	8.82	4.60	5.17
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.73	4.10	13.77	5.94	6.99
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32.06	22.33	23.64
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	10.27	5.67	6.29
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	20.17	19.14	19.28
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.73	17.02	7.57	8.84
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14.76	4.75	6.09
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.86	1.37	1.84
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.97	0.50	0.70
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

OKLAHOMA

Table 83 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oklahoma, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	392	24	87	280	367
Past Year Marijuana Use	497	36	134	328	462
Past Month Marijuana Use	326	19	80	227	307
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	730	64	46	621	667
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	41	14	17	9	26
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	109	8	26	75	101
Past Year Cocaine Use	53	1	18	34	51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,346	169	278	1,899	2,177
Past Year Heroin Use	9	0	2	7	9
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,751	199	341	2,211	2,552
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	39	1	6	32	38
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	126	9	29	88	117
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,438	26	216	1,196	1,412
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	692	16	134	542	676
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,390	129	153	1,108	1,261
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	84	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	50	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	959	17	148	794	942
Past Month Cigarette Use	766	14	113	639	753
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,102	200	249	1,653	1,903
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	92	10	28	54	82
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	18	1	3	13	16
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	177	5	42	130	172
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	248	14	59	175	234
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	79	9	25	44	69
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	167	5	40	123	162
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	229	13	57	159	216
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	131	526	657
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	36	123	158
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	72	389	461
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	54	68	180	249
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	47	87	134
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	20	23	43
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	9	11	19
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

OKLAHOMA

Table 84 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oklahoma, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.11	7.67	20.90	11.21	12.60
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.37	11.17	31.95	13.14	15.83
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.07	5.84	19.22	9.09	10.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.56	19.98	10.95	24.85	22.84
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.26	4.70	8.19	0.71	1.80
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.36	2.41	6.15	3.01	3.46
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.63	0.41	4.24	1.34	1.76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.56	53.18	66.57	76.01	74.65
Past Year Heroin Use	0.27	0.03	0.37	0.28	0.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.10	62.67	81.64	88.50	87.51
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.19	0.20	1.53	1.26	1.30
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.89	2.87	6.87	3.52	4.00
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	44.48	8.23	51.80	47.87	48.43
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	21.39	4.97	32.14	21.69	23.19
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.98	40.66	36.61	44.35	43.24
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.80	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.64	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	29.65	5.35	35.42	31.79	32.31
Past Month Cigarette Use	23.68	4.27	27.10	25.59	25.80
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	65.01	62.78	59.66	66.18	65.25
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.84	3.18	6.77	2.15	2.81
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.54	0.38	0.72	0.54	0.56
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.47	1.64	10.03	5.19	5.88
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.65	4.36	14.10	6.99	8.01
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.43	2.95	6.00	1.77	2.37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.18	1.66	9.48	4.91	5.56
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.08	4.10	13.67	6.36	7.40
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	31.28	21.08	22.54
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.52	4.92	5.43
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17.25	15.58	15.82
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	17.01	16.30	7.22	8.52
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.21	3.48	4.58
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.72	0.92	1.47
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.11	0.42	0.66
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

OREGON

Table 85 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oregon, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	712	34	140	538	678
Past Year Marijuana Use	969	55	196	718	914
Past Month Marijuana Use	671	32	136	504	639
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	575	42	28	505	533
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	56	17	21	18	39
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	155	8	35	112	147
Past Year Cocaine Use	104	2	35	67	102
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,228	152	229	1,847	2,076
Past Year Heroin Use	17	0	2	15	17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,960	184	325	2,451	2,776
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	45	1	6	39	45
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	164	9	27	128	154
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,064	32	242	1,790	2,032
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	874	16	147	710	858
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,416	107	137	1,172	1,309
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	95	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	57	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	744	13	110	621	730
Past Month Cigarette Use	572	9	86	477	563
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,633	195	289	2,148	2,437
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	129	13	36	80	116
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	22	1	3	18	21
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	250	7	51	192	243
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	339	17	73	250	322
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	108	12	32	64	96
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	237	7	49	181	230
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	310	16	69	226	294
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	135	647	783
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	41	148	189
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	80	543	623
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	55	72	242	313
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	59	128	187
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	20	37	57
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	10	9	20
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

OREGON

Table 86 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oregon, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	19.84	11.48	33.73	18.69	20.58
Past Year Marijuana Use	26.99	18.56	47.28	24.93	27.74
Past Month Marijuana Use	18.69	10.74	32.64	17.49	19.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	16.01	14.14	6.85	17.53	16.17
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.36	7.16	11.66	1.26	2.64
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.32	2.76	8.52	3.88	4.46
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.89	0.66	8.41	2.32	3.09
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	62.07	51.52	55.20	64.11	62.99
Past Year Heroin Use	0.48	0.03	0.46	0.52	0.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.46	62.36	78.22	85.08	84.22
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.26	0.25	1.38	1.35	1.35
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.56	3.08	6.39	4.44	4.69
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	57.48	10.70	58.34	62.13	61.66
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.34	5.56	35.44	24.66	26.02
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.43	36.15	33.03	40.68	39.72
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.76	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.54	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.71	4.49	26.43	21.55	22.16
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.93	3.00	20.69	16.56	17.09
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.32	66.22	69.61	74.57	73.95
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.60	4.40	8.69	2.79	3.53
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.62	0.41	0.71	0.63	0.64
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.95	2.35	12.28	6.65	7.36
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	9.45	5.77	17.49	8.67	9.78
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.00	4.10	7.59	2.22	2.90
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	6.59	2.31	11.85	6.27	6.97
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	8.64	5.40	16.50	7.84	8.93
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32.60	22.48	23.75
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.87	5.12	5.72
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.23	18.84	18.89
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	18.62	17.24	8.39	9.50
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14.13	4.44	5.65
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.82	1.27	1.72
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.52	0.32	0.60
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 87 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Pennsylvania, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,196	66	269	862	1,130
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,752	109	436	1,207	1,642
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,069	56	256	758	1,014
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,463	204	138	2,122	2,260
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	128	47	56	25	81
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	310	19	74	217	291
Past Year Cocaine Use	234	4	82	148	230
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	7,503	489	775	6,240	7,015
Past Year Heroin Use	44	0	9	35	44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	9,421	589	1,073	7,759	8,832
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	77	2	12	63	75
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	345	17	65	263	328
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	5,695	84	726	4,885	5,611
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	2,741	44	478	2,219	2,697
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,516	363	441	3,712	4,153
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	238	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	150	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	2,608	40	385	2,184	2,568
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,072	27	284	1,761	2,046
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	7,444	573	818	6,052	6,871
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	317	26	100	191	291
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	56	3	11	42	52
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	552	15	131	406	537
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	760	32	195	533	728
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	276	24	89	163	252
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	524	15	125	384	508
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	689	31	180	478	658
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	385	1,579	1,963
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	112	381	493
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	261	1,511	1,772
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	117	197	570	767
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	162	320	482
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	57	96	153
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	30	46	76
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 88 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Pennsylvania, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.00	7.24	20.80	9.93	11.34
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.10	12.01	33.69	13.91	16.48
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.83	6.11	19.80	8.73	10.17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.63	22.38	10.68	24.45	22.66
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.24	5.81	8.30	0.63	1.66
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.85	2.10	5.74	2.50	2.92
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.15	0.43	6.35	1.71	2.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.99	53.68	59.94	71.92	70.36
Past Year Heroin Use	0.41	0.02	0.70	0.40	0.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.64	64.76	83.00	89.44	88.60
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.71	0.22	0.95	0.72	0.75
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.17	1.91	4.99	3.03	3.29
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.35	9.18	56.15	56.31	56.30
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	25.20	4.80	36.96	25.58	27.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.51	39.90	34.12	42.78	41.66
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.04	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.71	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	23.98	4.36	29.77	25.17	25.77
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.05	2.93	21.98	20.30	20.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.43	62.96	63.30	69.77	68.93
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.92	2.88	7.76	2.20	2.92
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.51	0.36	0.82	0.48	0.52
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.08	1.69	10.10	4.68	5.39
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.99	3.52	15.08	6.15	7.31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.54	2.66	6.86	1.88	2.53
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.81	1.66	9.64	4.42	5.10
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.33	3.41	13.93	5.51	6.60
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29.77	18.20	19.70
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.64	4.39	4.94
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	20.17	17.42	17.77
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	12.88	15.23	6.57	7.69
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.50	3.69	4.83
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.40	1.11	1.54
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.32	0.53	0.76
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

RHODE ISLAND

Table 89 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Rhode Island, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	158	7	40	111	151
Past Year Marijuana Use	212	12	55	145	200
Past Month Marijuana Use	140	6	38	96	134
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	172	14	11	148	159
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	14	4	6	3	9
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	35	2	9	25	34
Past Year Cocaine Use	20	0	8	12	20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	605	39	70	496	566
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	779	46	101	632	733
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	4	0	1	3	4
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	30	1	6	23	29
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	533	8	81	445	526
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	248	3	52	192	245
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	397	31	43	323	366
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	33	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	185	2	31	152	183
Past Month Cigarette Use	148	1	22	125	147
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	665	48	83	535	618
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	28	2	10	15	25
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	5	0	1	4	5
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	59	1	15	43	58
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	78	3	22	53	75
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	26	2	9	14	24
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	54	1	15	38	53
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	70	3	22	45	67
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	36	152	187
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	11	32	42
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	24	146	170
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	11	20	53	73
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14	24	38
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	5	7	12
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	3	1	4
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

RHODE ISLAND

Table 90 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Rhode Island, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	17.35	10.06	32.70	15.46	17.98
Past Year Marijuana Use	23.31	16.21	45.03	20.30	23.92
Past Month Marijuana Use	15.37	8.30	31.00	13.40	15.98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.94	18.67	9.10	20.67	18.96
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.34	6.78	11.82	1.09	2.72
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.89	2.12	7.00	3.53	4.04
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.24	0.43	6.66	1.67	2.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.52	53.76	57.31	69.37	67.60
Past Year Heroin Use	0.35	0.04	0.36	0.38	0.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.64	64.07	82.46	88.33	87.47
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.48	0.17	0.62	0.49	0.51
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.33	1.87	4.91	3.21	3.46
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	58.58	10.42	66.17	62.17	62.75
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	27.26	4.80	42.59	26.90	29.20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.63	42.62	35.08	45.20	43.71
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	27.14	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.26	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.37	3.28	25.32	21.25	21.85
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.30	1.99	18.20	17.43	17.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.09	65.80	67.33	74.81	73.71
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.04	3.40	8.32	2.09	3.00
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.54	0.38	0.70	0.53	0.56
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.51	1.78	12.33	5.99	6.92
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.60	4.58	18.06	7.39	8.95
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.88	3.36	7.64	2.02	2.84
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.93	1.73	12.00	5.32	6.30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.69	4.29	17.57	6.34	7.99
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29.21	21.20	22.38
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.64	4.43	5.05
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.42	20.42	20.27
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.64	16.13	7.45	8.72
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.71	3.37	4.59
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.28	0.99	1.47
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.06	0.18	0.46
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 91 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Carolina, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	450	31	102	317	419
Past Year Marijuana Use	620	43	139	439	578
Past Month Marijuana Use	393	25	93	276	368
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,118	90	62	966	1,028
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	45	18	19	8	27
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	140	10	29	100	130
Past Year Cocaine Use	63	1	21	41	62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,263	211	340	2,712	3,052
Past Year Heroin Use	8	0	2	6	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,814	250	430	3,135	3,564
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	24	1	4	20	24
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	158	13	30	115	145
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,077	34	250	1,792	2,043
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,129	16	165	948	1,113
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,850	161	187	1,501	1,688
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	100	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	64	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,144	22	155	968	1,122
Past Month Cigarette Use	912	14	111	786	897
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,894	237	318	2,339	2,657
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	101	11	31	58	89
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	20	2	3	15	18
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	221	5	46	169	215
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	278	15	63	200	263
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	90	11	29	51	79
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	207	5	43	159	202
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	260	14	63	183	246
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	122	639	760
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	37	154	191
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	78	545	624
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	52	65	220	285
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	57	134	191
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	18	46	63
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	9	13	22
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 92 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Carolina, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.49	8.25	20.19	9.29	10.70
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.46	11.27	27.52	12.88	14.77
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.17	6.56	18.34	8.09	9.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.05	23.72	12.29	28.36	26.28
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.75	5.07	6.11	0.46	1.23
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.26	2.75	5.79	2.94	3.31
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.46	0.28	4.06	1.21	1.58
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	76.08	55.80	67.32	79.60	78.01
Past Year Heroin Use	0.19	0.03	0.31	0.19	0.21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.96	66.22	85.14	92.00	91.11
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.57	0.17	0.77	0.58	0.61
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.68	3.38	5.85	3.39	3.70
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	48.42	9.01	49.57	52.61	52.22
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.33	4.32	32.67	27.82	28.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.13	42.76	37.14	44.06	43.16
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.84	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.79	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	26.67	5.72	30.62	28.40	28.69
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.26	3.78	22.03	23.08	22.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.47	62.78	63.06	68.64	67.92
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.35	2.96	6.19	1.71	2.29
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.46	0.40	0.63	0.44	0.47
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.14	1.43	9.21	4.95	5.50
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.49	3.95	12.49	5.88	6.73
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.10	2.85	5.71	1.49	2.03
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.83	1.41	8.44	4.67	5.16
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.07	3.76	12.54	5.36	6.29
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	24.10	18.74	19.43
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.25	4.53	4.89
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	15.51	16.01	15.95
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	13.82	12.89	6.44	7.27
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.29	3.95	4.89
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.55	1.34	1.62
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.87	0.37	0.56
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 93 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Dakota, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	54	5	15	35	49
Past Year Marijuana Use	80	7	24	48	73
Past Month Marijuana Use	46	4	14	29	42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	175	18	11	146	157
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	9	3	4	2	6
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	18	2	5	11	16
Past Year Cocaine Use	8	0	3	4	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	503	37	56	411	466
Past Year Heroin Use	2	0	0	1	2
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	591	41	70	480	550
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	5	0	1	3	5
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	24	2	5	17	22
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	391	6	55	329	384
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	190	4	38	148	186
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	281	27	30	224	254
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	173	4	27	141	169
Past Month Cigarette Use	134	3	19	112	131
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	466	44	55	367	422
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	17	2	6	9	15
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	3	0	1	2	3
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	43	1	11	30	41
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	53	3	13	37	50
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	16	2	6	8	14
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	41	1	10	29	40
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	48	3	13	32	45
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	27	92	118
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9	26	35
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18	85	103
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	11	14	34	48
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12	18	30
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	5	6	11
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2	3	5
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 94 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Dakota, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7.52	6.83	15.90	6.23	7.60
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.13	10.24	26.69	8.67	11.22
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.35	5.10	14.74	5.13	6.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	24.37	26.45	11.60	26.24	24.14
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.91	4.45	7.84	0.50	1.49
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.45	2.25	5.13	2.03	2.47
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.10	0.44	3.57	0.77	1.17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.03	52.95	60.81	73.66	71.83
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.03	0.33	0.25	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.25	59.23	76.10	86.08	84.66
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.66	0.25	1.17	0.63	0.70
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.32	2.68	5.24	3.08	3.39
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	54.38	9.24	59.82	59.09	59.19
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.40	5.47	41.53	26.51	28.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.12	39.18	32.72	40.17	39.11
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.70	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.87	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	24.05	5.90	29.85	25.35	25.99
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.61	4.07	20.65	20.08	20.16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.94	63.65	59.83	65.94	65.07
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.38	3.16	6.33	1.63	2.30
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.48	0.42	0.72	0.45	0.48
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.93	1.97	11.86	5.45	6.36
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.40	4.60	14.61	6.55	7.69
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.19	2.91	6.03	1.47	2.12
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.72	1.88	11.29	5.27	6.13
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.66	4.42	14.10	5.71	6.90
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29.14	16.46	18.26
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.47	4.65	5.34
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.73	15.23	15.87
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.41	15.06	6.11	7.37
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.95	3.25	4.62
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	5.10	1.14	1.70
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.36	0.50	0.76
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

TENNESSEE

Table 95 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Tennessee, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	578	35	135	408	543
Past Year Marijuana Use	780	55	203	523	725
Past Month Marijuana Use	499	29	125	344	469
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,444	124	79	1,240	1,320
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	64	24	28	11	39
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	176	11	35	129	164
Past Year Cocaine Use	87	2	25	61	85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,315	287	460	3,568	4,028
Past Year Heroin Use	17	0	4	13	17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,950	335	573	4,042	4,615
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	58	1	7	49	57
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	202	12	36	154	190
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,504	47	354	2,102	2,457
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,194	26	204	964	1,168
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,501	220	245	2,036	2,281
Past Month Alcohol Use6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	132	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	81	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,531	29	228	1,274	1,502
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,180	20	165	995	1,160
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,928	332	445	3,152	3,596
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	160	16	45	99	144
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	39	2	6	31	37
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	276	8	63	205	268
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	395	21	90	284	375
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	133	14	38	82	119
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	263	8	61	195	255
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	356	20	84	253	337
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	194	812	1,006
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	62	219	281
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	121	666	787
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	70	105	297	403
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	79	164	243
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	27	51	78
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	16	20	37
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

TENNESSEE

Table 96 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Tennessee, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.15	6.87	19.61	9.07	10.47
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.68	10.65	29.45	11.62	13.98
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.75	5.70	18.22	7.65	9.05
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.33	24.20	11.53	27.58	25.44
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.87	4.94	7.04	0.48	1.38
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.08	2.23	5.11	2.87	3.17
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.53	0.36	3.57	1.35	1.64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.73	55.92	66.80	79.33	77.67
Past Year Heroin Use	0.30	0.02	0.52	0.30	0.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.89	65.29	83.33	89.85	88.99
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.02	0.26	1.07	1.09	1.09
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.54	2.35	5.20	3.42	3.66
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	43.94	9.12	51.53	46.74	47.38
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	20.96	5.07	29.71	21.43	22.53
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.89	42.92	35.61	45.27	43.99
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.11	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.50	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	26.88	5.66	33.18	28.33	28.97
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.72	3.94	24.06	22.12	22.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.94	64.66	64.63	70.07	69.35
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.81	3.06	6.53	2.21	2.78
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.68	0.37	0.81	0.69	0.71
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.85	1.63	9.15	4.56	5.17
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.93	4.00	13.10	6.32	7.22
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.34	2.68	5.46	1.82	2.30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.62	1.62	8.81	4.33	4.92
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.25	3.81	12.15	5.63	6.49
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.22	18.06	19.40
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.97	4.87	5.42
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	17.60	14.80	15.17
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	13.72	15.33	6.61	7.76
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.51	3.64	4.68
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.87	1.14	1.50
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.36	0.45	0.71
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

TEXAS

Table 97 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Texas, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	2,054	177	550	1,327	1,877
Past Year Marijuana Use	2,862	271	817	1,774	2,591
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,688	148	484	1,057	1,541
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	7,492	676	524	6,293	6,817
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	297	113	127	57	184
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	687	60	171	457	628
Past Year Cocaine Use	346	11	128	207	335
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	17,693	1,384	2,151	14,158	16,309
Past Year Heroin Use	34	0	7	27	34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	20,364	1,627	2,623	16,115	18,738
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	119	3	22	94	116
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	850	73	167	611	777
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	11,179	226	1,583	9,370	10,953
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	5,665	114	966	4,585	5,551
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	11,579	1,156	1,307	9,117	10,423
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	646	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	355	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	4,860	89	756	4,015	4,771
Past Month Cigarette Use	3,913	55	568	3,291	3,858
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	16,929	1,609	2,108	13,212	15,320
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	519	63	173	283	456
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	85	8	17	59	76
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	1,074	36	259	779	1,038
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	1,447	87	389	971	1,360
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	486	60	171	255	426
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	1,039	35	258	746	1,004
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	1,376	80	368	928	1,296
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	724	2,878	3,602
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	219	688	907
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	384	2,146	2,530
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	363	407	941	1,348
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	281	531	812
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	90	130	220
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	48	66	114
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

TEXAS

Table 98 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Texas, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.75	7.12	17.65	7.43	8.94
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.19	10.92	26.22	9.93	12.35
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.19	5.94	15.51	5.92	7.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	31.91	27.17	16.80	35.23	32.48
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.87	4.86	6.47	0.48	1.35
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.93	2.40	5.48	2.56	2.99
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.47	0.44	4.12	1.16	1.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.42	55.67	69.01	79.26	77.74
Past Year Heroin Use	0.15	0.01	0.22	0.15	0.16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.82	65.43	84.16	90.22	89.31
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.51	0.11	0.71	0.53	0.55
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.62	2.92	5.34	3.42	3.70
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	47.64	9.10	50.79	52.45	52.20
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.14	4.58	31.00	25.67	26.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	49.34	46.49	41.92	51.04	49.68
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.17	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.43	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	20.71	3.59	24.25	22.48	22.74
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.67	2.19	18.22	18.42	18.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.15	64.74	67.63	73.96	73.02
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.21	2.52	5.54	1.58	2.17
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.36	0.34	0.54	0.33	0.36
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.57	1.43	8.31	4.36	4.95
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.16	3.49	12.48	5.44	6.48
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.07	2.43	5.49	1.43	2.03
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.43	1.39	8.26	4.18	4.78
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	5.86	3.22	11.79	5.20	6.17
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	23.24	16.11	17.17
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.04	3.85	4.32
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	12.33	12.01	12.06
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	14.60	13.06	5.27	6.42
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.01	2.97	3.86
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	2.89	0.73	1.05
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.55	0.37	0.54
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

UTAH

Table 99 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Utah, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	208	19	67	121	189
Past Year Marijuana Use	314	32	104	178	282
Past Month Marijuana Use	164	14	59	90	149
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	643	82	56	505	561
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	35	12	16	7	23
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	77	8	23	46	69
Past Year Cocaine Use	32	2	15	16	31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,802	174	259	1,370	1,628
Past Year Heroin Use	7	0	1	6	7
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,099	196	319	1,584	1,903
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	22	1	5	16	21
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	94	6	21	67	87
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	742	18	132	592	724
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	413	13	95	305	400
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,171	141	158	873	1,030
Past Month Alcohol Use6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	44	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	33	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	361	8	70	282	352
Past Month Cigarette Use	291	6	54	232	286
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,834	204	281	1,349	1,630
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	73	8	27	38	65
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	15	1	3	11	14
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	106	5	31	70	101
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	158	12	47	99	146
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	67	8	26	33	59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	103	5	32	66	98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	146	11	45	90	135
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	138	461	599
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	39	102	141
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	83	352	436
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	56	63	156	219
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	53	85	138
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	18	26	45
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	11	10	21
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

UTAH

Table 100 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Utah, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.14	6.03	16.58	6.66	8.44
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.36	10.23	25.71	9.77	12.66
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.42	4.58	14.50	4.96	6.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.29	26.29	13.73	27.71	25.15
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.84	3.68	5.48	0.50	1.45
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.02	2.55	5.72	2.50	3.09
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.27	0.52	3.65	0.88	1.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.96	55.60	63.71	75.17	73.10
Past Year Heroin Use	0.26	0.02	0.28	0.30	0.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.65	62.66	78.68	86.94	85.43
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.87	0.26	1.25	0.89	0.96
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.68	2.05	5.07	3.66	3.91
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	29.16	5.67	32.49	32.49	32.47
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	16.23	4.06	23.46	16.74	17.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.09	45.05	38.79	47.90	46.24
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.94	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	7.42	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	14.19	2.71	17.28	15.49	15.81
Past Month Cigarette Use	11.45	1.82	13.28	12.72	12.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.20	65.42	69.13	74.04	73.15
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.89	2.70	6.75	2.06	2.91
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.59	0.38	0.69	0.61	0.62
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.16	1.57	7.67	3.83	4.52
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.21	3.77	11.68	5.43	6.56
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.65	2.66	6.46	1.81	2.65
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.03	1.60	7.77	3.62	4.37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	5.74	3.47	11.08	4.95	6.06
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	33.94	25.29	26.86
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.49	5.60	6.31
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	20.54	19.33	19.55
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	17.77	15.58	8.55	9.82
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	13.03	4.67	6.19
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.50	1.45	2.01
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.64	0.54	0.92
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

VERMONT

Table 101 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Vermont, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	115	6	29	80	110
Past Year Marijuana Use	148	9	38	100	139
Past Month Marijuana Use	108	5	29	74	102
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	83	6	5	71	76
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	8	3	4	1	5
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	22	1	6	14	20
Past Year Cocaine Use	17	0	7	10	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	358	22	40	295	336
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	0	3	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	466	26	60	380	440
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	4	0	1	3	4
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	19	1	4	14	18
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	332	6	50	277	327
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	142	3	33	106	139
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	206	15	22	169	191
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	123	3	23	97	120
Past Month Cigarette Use	96	2	18	76	94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	391	27	49	315	364
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	22	2	7	13	20
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	4	0	1	3	4
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	37	1	9	27	36
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	53	2	14	37	51
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	18	2	6	10	16
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	35	1	9	25	34
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	47	2	13	32	45
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	22	90	112
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8	22	29
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	16	95	112
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	7	12	32	44
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9	19	29
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3	5	8
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1	1	2
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

VERMONT

Table 102 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Vermont, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	21.13	14.14	39.70	18.62	21.70
Past Year Marijuana Use	27.04	21.13	52.18	23.31	27.52
Past Month Marijuana Use	19.74	12.84	38.99	17.11	20.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	15.17	15.75	6.75	16.56	15.12
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	4.19	9.31	15.54	1.14	3.25
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.95	2.64	8.56	3.29	4.06
Past Year Cocaine Use	3.06	0.68	9.09	2.25	3.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.64	54.59	54.81	68.51	66.51
Past Year Heroin Use	0.54	0.05	0.56	0.59	0.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.54	63.80	81.70	88.22	87.27
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.68	0.28	1.05	0.66	0.72
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.52	2.35	5.44	3.30	3.61
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	60.89	13.58	67.67	64.25	64.74
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.06	7.51	45.24	24.56	27.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.74	36.25	29.96	39.21	37.86
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	31.66	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	22.50	6.75	31.64	22.44	23.78
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.55	4.56	24.68	17.57	18.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.64	65.78	66.53	73.06	72.11
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	4.00	4.57	9.95	2.93	3.95
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.75	0.46	0.80	0.77	0.78
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.84	2.56	12.28	6.31	7.18
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	9.75	5.50	18.34	8.69	10.10
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	3.31	3.93	8.49	2.37	3.26
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	6.43	2.42	11.80	5.89	6.75
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	8.59	4.92	17.59	7.41	8.89
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	30.31	20.87	22.25
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	10.19	5.08	5.83
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	22.24	22.14	22.16
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.36	16.30	7.46	8.75
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12.79	4.44	5.66
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.55	1.07	1.58
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.76	0.20	0.42
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

VIRGINIA

Table 103 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Virginia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	654	44	196	415	610
Past Year Marijuana Use	866	61	287	518	805
Past Month Marijuana Use	559	34	176	349	525
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,672	144	93	1,435	1,528
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	78	29	34	16	50
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	200	14	53	133	187
Past Year Cocaine Use	127	2	45	80	125
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	5,028	346	543	4,139	4,682
Past Year Heroin Use	18	0	3	15	18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	6,022	395	714	4,914	5,627
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	28	1	5	22	27
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	240	15	52	174	225
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,621	57	507	3,057	3,564
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,614	29	314	1,271	1,585
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,230	282	331	2,617	2,948
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	170	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	102	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,528	28	266	1,234	1,500
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,169	18	185	966	1,152
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,234	430	597	4,208	4,805
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	211	20	72	119	191
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	33	2	5	25	31
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	358	10	82	267	349
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	496	23	131	342	473
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	180	19	68	93	161
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	349	9	81	258	340
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	470	23	124	324	448
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	247	951	1,199
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	66	226	292
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	141	817	958
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	98	118	332	450
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	99	174	272
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	32	45	77
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	16	18	34
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

VIRGINIA

Table 104 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Virginia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.24	6.99	22.50	7.43	9.46
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.23	9.65	32.96	9.29	12.48
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.89	5.41	20.26	6.25	8.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.60	22.84	10.65	25.71	23.67
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.89	4.87	7.53	0.53	1.42
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.83	2.17	6.15	2.39	2.90
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.80	0.31	5.20	1.43	1.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.02	54.97	62.43	74.15	72.57
Past Year Heroin Use	0.26	0.02	0.33	0.28	0.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.08	62.71	82.10	88.03	87.23
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.40	0.14	0.58	0.40	0.42
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.39	2.30	5.94	3.11	3.49
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	51.14	9.07	58.33	54.77	55.25
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	22.79	4.64	36.08	22.77	24.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.62	44.86	38.04	46.88	45.69
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.44	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.05	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	21.59	4.51	30.55	22.12	23.25
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.51	2.79	21.32	17.31	17.85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.93	68.23	68.65	75.39	74.48
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.98	3.14	8.30	2.13	2.96
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.47	0.38	0.61	0.45	0.47
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.06	1.52	9.40	4.78	5.41
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.01	3.71	15.02	6.13	7.33
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.55	3.02	7.87	1.67	2.50
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	4.93	1.49	9.35	4.63	5.26
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.64	3.62	14.21	5.81	6.94
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	28.47	17.04	18.58
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	7.60	4.05	4.53
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	16.23	14.64	14.85
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.57	13.56	5.96	6.98
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.33	3.12	4.22
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3.68	0.81	1.19
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.79	0.33	0.53
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WASHINGTON

Table 105 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Washington, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,235	61	244	931	1,174
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,624	89	336	1,199	1,535
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,127	54	235	838	1,073
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,014	96	60	859	918
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	105	29	41	34	75
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	233	13	42	178	221
Past Year Cocaine Use	144	3	46	95	141
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,955	280	403	3,272	3,675
Past Year Heroin Use	23	0	3	19	22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	5,201	329	572	4,300	4,872
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	47	1	6	40	46
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	256	14	38	204	242
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,497	54	393	3,050	3,443
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,370	27	220	1,123	1,343
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,592	219	263	2,111	2,373
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	161	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	89	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,333	20	163	1,150	1,313
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,081	13	125	942	1,067
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,435	355	472	3,609	4,080
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	199	19	59	121	181
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	38	2	5	31	36
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	368	11	75	282	357
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	527	26	115	385	500
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	189	17	55	116	171
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	352	11	76	266	341
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	487	24	106	356	463
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	236	1,124	1,360
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	67	254	321
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	136	909	1,045
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	99	124	388	512
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	88	198	286
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	33	54	87
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	15	9	25
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WASHINGTON

Table 106 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Washington, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	19.46	11.19	32.99	18.37	20.24
Past Year Marijuana Use	25.58	16.38	45.50	23.67	26.45
Past Month Marijuana Use	17.75	9.92	31.80	16.54	18.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	15.96	17.54	8.10	16.95	15.81
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.51	6.35	11.45	1.41	2.93
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.68	2.35	5.72	3.52	3.80
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.26	0.53	6.22	1.87	2.43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	62.31	51.33	54.56	64.60	63.32
Past Year Heroin Use	0.36	0.03	0.40	0.38	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.94	60.26	77.48	84.88	83.94
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.74	0.16	0.85	0.78	0.79
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	4.03	2.50	5.15	4.03	4.18
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.08	9.96	53.19	60.21	59.32
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	21.58	4.88	29.87	22.17	23.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.82	40.11	35.58	41.66	40.89
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.97	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.48	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	21.00	3.75	22.05	22.70	22.62
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.02	2.43	16.96	18.60	18.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.85	65.01	63.90	71.23	70.30
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	3.14	3.39	8.06	2.40	3.12
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.60	0.37	0.68	0.61	0.62
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	5.79	2.01	10.18	5.56	6.15
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	8.30	4.84	15.58	7.61	8.62
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.97	3.18	7.48	2.29	2.95
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.54	1.95	10.23	5.25	5.88
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.67	4.47	14.42	7.03	7.97
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	31.98	22.18	23.43
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.09	5.01	5.53
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.41	17.95	18.01
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	18.22	16.76	7.66	8.81
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.91	3.90	4.92
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.52	1.06	1.50
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.06	0.19	0.42
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 107 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in West Virginia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	164	11	38	115	153
Past Year Marijuana Use	217	15	58	144	201
Past Month Marijuana Use	145	9	36	100	137
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	362	26	15	320	336
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	18	7	8	3	11
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	42	3	9	29	39
Past Year Cocaine Use	25	1	8	16	24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,164	70	115	979	1,095
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	4	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,365	83	150	1,132	1,282
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	21	0	3	17	21
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	49	3	9	37	46
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	594	12	84	498	582
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	290	7	54	230	283
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	651	50	57	544	601
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	36	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	518	10	70	438	508
Past Month Cigarette Use	397	7	54	336	390
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	955	77	100	779	878
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	42	4	13	25	38
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	9	0	2	7	9
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	64	2	15	46	61
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	94	6	24	65	89
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	34	4	11	19	31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	61	2	15	45	59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	85	5	23	57	80
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	55	292	347
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	16	66	82
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	33	233	266
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	21	30	102	132
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	24	53	77
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	8	17	25
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	4	7	11
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 108 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in West Virginia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.66	8.63	21.96	9.27	10.84
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.11	12.20	33.09	11.63	14.28
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.48	7.05	20.88	8.12	9.69
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.57	20.79	8.77	25.94	23.81
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.14	5.97	8.43	0.57	1.55
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.71	2.28	5.28	2.39	2.74
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.60	0.51	4.76	1.27	1.70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.92	55.91	66.23	79.27	77.66
Past Year Heroin Use	0.35	0.03	0.52	0.36	0.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	89.02	66.90	86.01	91.62	90.93
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	1.37	0.38	1.84	1.41	1.46
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.22	2.41	5.42	2.99	3.29
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	38.72	9.61	48.35	40.29	41.29
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	18.90	5.29	30.81	18.59	20.10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.41	39.84	32.81	44.01	42.63
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.61	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.70	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	33.77	8.14	40.01	35.47	36.03
Past Month Cigarette Use	25.86	5.48	30.72	27.22	27.66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	62.26	61.65	57.28	63.02	62.31
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.75	3.35	7.61	2.00	2.69
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.61	0.38	0.93	0.58	0.63
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	4.14	1.74	8.76	3.73	4.35
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	6.14	4.44	13.57	5.26	6.29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.22	2.82	6.58	1.55	2.17
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	3.99	1.78	8.34	3.60	4.19
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	5.53	4.24	13.04	4.60	5.65
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	31.71	23.62	24.62
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	9.44	5.34	5.84
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	18.92	18.84	18.85
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	16.62	17.27	8.25	9.35
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	13.85	4.27	5.44
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.82	1.35	1.78
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.43	0.56	0.79
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WISCONSIN

Table 109 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wisconsin, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	537	37	138	361	500
Past Year Marijuana Use	720	53	201	466	667
Past Month Marijuana Use	445	29	127	289	416
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	913	84	55	774	829
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	64	23	29	12	41
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	182	11	39	132	171
Past Year Cocaine Use	100	2	34	64	98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,328	226	368	2,734	3,101
Past Year Heroin Use	17	0	3	14	17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,204	269	503	3,432	3,935
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	40	1	7	32	39
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	191	11	31	148	179
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,948	49	409	2,490	2,899
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	1,467	25	266	1,176	1,442
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,857	162	194	1,500	1,695
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	157	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	98	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	1,090	17	157	917	1,073
Past Month Cigarette Use	880	11	119	750	869
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,276	283	380	2,613	2,993
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	127	13	42	72	114
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	24	2	4	18	23
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	300	8	74	217	292
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	377	19	97	261	358
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	116	12	37	66	104
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	288	8	70	210	280
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	351	18	93	240	333
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	180	724	904
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	55	181	236
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	127	736	863
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	71	101	286	387
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	71	138	209
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	27	41	68
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	11	23	34
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WISCONSIN

Table 110 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wisconsin, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.90	8.33	22.48	9.36	11.16
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.62	12.01	32.63	12.06	14.88
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.05	6.58	20.67	7.48	9.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.54	18.91	8.92	20.05	18.51
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.35	5.38	8.35	0.65	1.81
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.71	2.57	6.28	3.43	3.82
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.04	0.55	5.54	1.65	2.19
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	67.66	51.16	59.67	70.80	69.27
Past Year Heroin Use	0.34	0.03	0.49	0.35	0.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.49	60.86	81.67	88.87	87.88
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.82	0.25	1.11	0.84	0.88
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.87	2.57	5.08	3.83	4.00
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	59.93	11.11	66.35	64.49	64.75
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	29.82	5.57	43.23	30.46	32.21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.74	36.68	31.52	38.86	37.85
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23.20	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.40	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	22.16	3.81	25.46	23.74	23.97
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.89	2.55	19.26	19.42	19.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.59	63.87	61.72	67.66	66.85
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.57	2.91	6.83	1.86	2.54
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.49	0.40	0.68	0.48	0.50
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.10	1.87	12.08	5.63	6.51
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.66	4.34	15.73	6.75	7.98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.35	2.78	6.03	1.72	2.31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.86	1.86	11.41	5.43	6.25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	7.13	4.14	15.05	6.22	7.43
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	29.19	18.76	20.19
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	8.89	4.68	5.26
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	20.54	19.06	19.26
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	15.99	16.38	7.40	8.63
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.59	3.56	4.66
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.45	1.06	1.53
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1.80	0.58	0.75
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WYOMING

Table 111 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wyoming, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	42	4	11	27	38
Past Year Marijuana Use	61	6	18	38	56
Past Month Marijuana Use	35	3	10	23	33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	100	10	6	84	90
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	6	2	2	2	4
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	11	1	3	7	10
Past Year Cocaine Use	8	0	3	4	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	324	23	33	268	301
Past Year Heroin Use	1	0	0	1	1
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	401	27	45	329	374
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	3	0	1	2	3
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	16	1	4	11	15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	249	4	33	212	245
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	119	2	22	95	117
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	186	17	19	150	169
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	8	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	132	3	22	107	129
Past Month Cigarette Use	96	2	16	78	94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	321	28	35	258	293
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	11	1	4	6	9
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	3	0	0	2	2
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	31	1	7	22	30
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	36	2	8	26	34
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	10	1	3	5	8
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	28	1	7	20	27
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	32	2	8	22	30
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	18	80	98
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	6	18	24
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	11	62	74
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	8	10	25	35
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8	16	25
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	3	5	8
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	1	1	3
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

201021

WYOMING

Table 112 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wyoming, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2018-2019 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.68	8.03	18.99	7.19	8.75
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.77	12.44	30.85	10.07	12.81
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.38	5.88	17.73	5.98	7.53
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.79	21.63	10.16	22.32	20.70
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.22	5.49	7.78	0.68	1.64
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.34	2.44	5.17	1.90	2.33
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.66	0.62	5.83	1.16	1.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	67.61	51.91	56.87	71.09	69.21
Past Year Heroin Use	0.28	0.04	0.45	0.28	0.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.66	59.66	78.44	87.27	86.10
Past Year Methamphetamine Use	0.62	0.31	1.24	0.57	0.66
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers²	3.44	2.99	6.54	3.02	3.49
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	51.99	9.68	57.92	56.13	56.37
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.82	5.22	38.16	25.13	26.85
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.85	37.95	33.07	39.84	38.95
Past Month Alcohol Use⁶ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.36	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^5,6 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.10	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁷	27.49	7.19	38.14	28.29	29.59
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.00	5.02	28.03	20.56	21.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.92	61.65	60.25	68.55	67.46
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,8	2.27	3.22	6.54	1.51	2.17
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,8	0.56	0.42	0.77	0.55	0.58
Alcohol Use Disorder⁸	6.39	2.37	12.48	5.94	6.81
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,8	7.59	5.22	14.69	6.80	7.84
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,9	2.04	3.11	5.93	1.32	1.93
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use⁹	5.84	2.17	11.41	5.43	6.22
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,9	6.63	4.65	13.60	5.80	6.83
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Any Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	32.22	21.09	22.56
Serious Mental Illness^4,10	--	--	10.99	4.67	5.51
Received Mental Health Services¹¹	--	--	19.74	16.57	16.99
Major Depressive Episode^4,12	--	17.59	16.68	6.64	7.96
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	14.76	4.37	5.74
Made Any Suicide Plans¹⁴	--	--	4.83	1.40	1.85
Attempted Suicide¹⁴	--	--	2.08	0.39	0.61
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2018-2019 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ⁶ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁷ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁸ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met the criteria for illicit drug or alcohol use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). Needing But Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment refers to respondents who are classified as needing illicit drug or alcohol treatment, but who did not receive illicit drug or alcohol treatment at a specialty facility. ¹⁰ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. ¹¹ Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.