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200416
Table 4.1D – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 103 130 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.25 0.26
AGE GROUP                
12-25 83 86 0.14 0.15 0.20 0.22 0.55 0.54
12-17 56 58 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.26 1.45 1.37
12-13 14 16 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.20 * 5.06
14-15 39 36 0.45 0.41 0.48 0.45 2.71 2.42
16-17 41 45 0.45 0.50 0.57 0.63 1.65 1.72
18 or Older 90 116 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.22 0.25
18-25 64 65 0.19 0.19 0.35 0.37 0.54 0.52
18-20 54 56 0.37 0.37 0.60 0.58 1.02 1.03
21-25 39 40 0.18 0.19 0.39 0.42 0.53 0.51
26 or Older 61 94 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.21 0.28
GENDER                
Male 69 84 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.28 0.31
Female 75 92 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.40 0.43
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 35 38 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.33 1.94 1.84
Female 12-17 42 42 0.34 0.35 0.38 0.38 1.99 2.01
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.1P – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL da   0.0112   0.0050   0.6215  
AGE GROUP                
12-25 da   0.5636   0.5209   0.9761  
12-17 da   0.8868   0.8192   0.3362  
12-13 da   0.0895   0.0848   *  
14-15 da   0.3948   0.4332   0.0888  
16-17 da   0.4724   0.3634   0.7388  
18 or Older da   0.0051   0.0027   0.1507  
18-25 da   0.5456   0.5139   0.7304  
18-20 da   0.8977   0.6555   0.6655  
21-25 da   0.3271   0.2054   0.6206  
26 or Older da   0.0014   0.0010   0.0145  
GENDER                
Male da   0.0854   0.0685   0.6705  
Female da   0.0599   0.0289   0.7783  
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 da   0.5711   0.5513   0.7743  
Female 12-17 da   0.7608   0.8351   0.3000  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.2D – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 89 79 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.15 0.15
AGE GROUP                
12-25 79 71 0.13 0.12 0.18 0.16 0.67 0.68
12-17 38 38 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 2.12 2.24
12-13 10 13 0.13 0.16 0.13 0.16 * *
14-15 23 21 0.27 0.24 0.29 0.26 3.84 4.24
16-17 29 30 0.33 0.35 0.38 0.39 2.63 2.85
18 or Older 77 67 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.14 0.12
18-25 65 56 0.19 0.17 0.33 0.28 0.65 0.64
18-20 56 51 0.40 0.34 0.56 0.46 1.46 1.49
21-25 36 31 0.17 0.15 0.34 0.30 0.54 0.51
26 or Older 29 25 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.05
GENDER                
Male 63 56 0.05 0.04 0.12 0.10 0.20 0.19
Female 57 51 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.20
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 25 28 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.24 2.86 3.21
Female 12-17 28 24 0.23 0.20 0.24 0.21 3.00 2.94
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.2P – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL da   0.0401   0.0230   0.1416  
AGE GROUP                
12-25 da   0.0558   0.0290   0.3969  
12-17 da   0.5648   0.5292   0.6792  
12-13 da   0.1526   0.1526   *  
14-15 da   0.1684   0.1633   0.4449  
16-17 da   0.9621   0.9167   0.8277  
18 or Older da   0.0364   0.0212   0.1034  
18-25 da   0.0494   0.0190   0.2797  
18-20 da   0.0871   0.0338   0.7381  
21-25 da   0.1820   0.1412   0.3064  
26 or Older da   0.5364   0.5098   0.5909  
GENDER                
Male da   0.6229   0.4416   0.9729  
Female da   0.0090   0.0078   0.0269  
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 da   0.7840   0.7903   0.9188  
Female 12-17 da   0.2751   0.2455   0.5123  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.3D – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 129 136 0.05 0.05 0.23 0.24 0.07 0.08
AGE GROUP                
12-25 119 120 0.20 0.20 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40
12-17 76 73 0.30 0.29 0.36 0.35 1.12 1.10
12-13 23 23 0.29 0.28 0.31 0.30 3.79 3.57
14-15 50 49 0.56 0.53 0.64 0.61 1.92 1.89
16-17 56 54 0.60 0.60 0.81 0.85 1.38 1.38
18 or Older 94 105 0.04 0.04 0.26 0.28 0.05 0.06
18-25 86 88 0.25 0.26 0.81 0.85 0.35 0.35
18-20 68 77 0.46 0.50 0.96 1.00 0.78 0.86
21-25 60 62 0.28 0.29 1.48 1.54 0.34 0.35
26 or Older 16 40 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.14 0.01 0.03
GENDER                
Male 83 89 0.06 0.07 0.33 0.35 0.09 0.10
Female 89 95 0.06 0.07 0.28 0.29 0.10 0.11
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 47 49 0.37 0.38 0.44 0.46 1.53 1.60
Female 12-17 55 51 0.45 0.42 0.53 0.50 1.51 1.45
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.3P – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL da   0.8877   0.4312   0.9818  
AGE GROUP                
12-25 da   0.4699   0.3842   0.7004  
12-17 da   0.2345   0.3308   0.0533  
12-13 da   0.3333   0.3042   0.7389  
14-15 da   0.2618   0.2714   0.6291  
16-17 da   0.4815   0.9375   0.0357  
18 or Older da   0.4345   0.9448   0.3609  
18-25 da   0.9967   0.5635   0.7590  
18-20 da   0.4625   0.2698   0.7562  
21-25 da   0.5575   0.6628   0.5075  
26 or Older da   0.0009   0.0014   0.0009  
GENDER                
Male da   0.7517   0.7184   0.5818  
Female da   0.6193   0.4141   0.6235  
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 da   0.5392   0.5581   0.7424  
Female 12-17 da   0.2693   0.4201   0.0154  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.4D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 103 130 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.25 0.26
Cocaine 67 56 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 1.15 0.99
Crack 26 27 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.31 3.41
Heroin 24 18 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.01 2.37
Hallucinogens 72 82 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 1.19 1.21
LSD 60 70 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 2.19 2.28
PCP 6 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 * *
Ecstasy 58 56 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.04 1.88
Inhalants 45 54 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.19 2.28
Methamphetamine 31 33 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.58 1.63
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 121 113 0.04 0.04 nr nr 1.10 1.06
Stimulants 64 63 0.02 0.02 nr nr 1.12 1.16
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 88 78 0.03 0.03 nr nr 1.43 1.41
Sedatives 38 49 0.01 0.02 nr nr 3.25 3.97
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 89 79 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.15 0.15
Daily Cigarette Use 43 51 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 66 68 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.59 0.59
CIGARS 101 100 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.43 0.45
ALCOHOL 129 136 0.05 0.05 0.23 0.24 0.07 0.08
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.4P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.0112   0.0050   0.6215  
Cocaine da   0.0184   0.0205   0.0252  
Crack da   0.8059   0.8071   0.7517  
Heroin da   0.0239   0.0242   0.0417  
Hallucinogens da   0.3689   0.3582   0.8345  
LSD da   0.2660   0.2668   0.4778  
PCP da   0.1439   0.1449   *  
Ecstasy da   0.8234   0.8230   0.8288  
Inhalants da   0.0296   0.0296   0.0924  
Methamphetamine da   0.6433   0.6558   0.4523  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.0607   nr   0.0813  
Stimulants da   0.2374   nr   0.4115  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.0231   nr   0.1530  
Sedatives da   0.8267   nr   0.7879  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.0401   0.0230   0.1416  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.8832   0.8748   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.2370   0.2426   0.4395  
CIGARS da   0.2150   0.1909   0.5189  
ALCOHOL da   0.8877   0.4312   0.9818  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.5D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 56 58 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.26 1.45 1.37
Cocaine 15 14 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 * *
Crack 3 7 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 * *
Heroin 4 * 0.02 * 0.02 * * *
Hallucinogens 23 26 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.11 3.83 3.80
LSD 18 23 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.09 5.05 4.47
PCP 3 7 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 * *
Ecstasy 18 19 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 * *
Inhalants 29 28 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 2.88 2.88
Methamphetamine 8 7 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 * *
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 28 26 0.11 0.10 nr nr 3.14 3.38
Stimulants 19 26 0.08 0.11 nr nr 3.94 4.18
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 23 22 0.09 0.09 nr nr 3.74 4.39
Sedatives 10 7 0.04 0.03 nr nr * *
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 38 38 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 2.12 2.24
Daily Cigarette Use 11 12 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 25 29 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.12 2.75 3.20
CIGARS 31 34 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.14 2.45 2.77
ALCOHOL 76 73 0.30 0.29 0.36 0.35 1.12 1.10
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.5P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.8868   0.8192   0.3362  
Cocaine da   0.4527   0.4523   *  
Crack da   0.2703   0.2704   *  
Heroin da   *   *   *  
Hallucinogens da   0.1792   0.1787   0.7284  
LSD da   0.0288   0.0288   0.5400  
PCP da   0.1881   0.1881   *  
Ecstasy da   0.6903   0.6895   *  
Inhalants da   0.0735   0.0734   0.2464  
Methamphetamine da   0.6067   0.6075   *  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.0909   nr   0.7629  
Stimulants da   0.0809   nr   0.2699  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.3331   nr   0.5032  
Sedatives da   0.2939   nr   *  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.5648   0.5292   0.6792  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.4971   0.5037   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.4496   0.4727   0.2214  
CIGARS da   0.2591   0.2553   0.3060  
ALCOHOL da   0.2345   0.3308   0.0533  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.6D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 or Older, Persons Aged 18 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 90 116 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.22 0.25
Cocaine 66 53 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.16 0.97
Crack 26 27 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.30 3.36
Heroin 24 18 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.99 2.37
Hallucinogens 68 77 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 1.20 1.27
LSD 58 65 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 2.31 2.46
PCP * 6 * 0.00 * 0.00 * *
Ecstasy 55 55 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.03 1.95
Inhalants 33 44 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 2.49 2.88
Methamphetamine 29 33 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.53 1.63
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 115 109 0.05 0.04 nr nr 1.13 1.09
Stimulants 60 57 0.02 0.02 nr nr 1.15 1.17
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 86 75 0.03 0.03 nr nr 1.49 1.46
Sedatives 36 49 0.01 0.02 nr nr 3.31 4.24
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 77 67 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.14 0.12
Daily Cigarette Use 42 50 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 60 62 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.57 0.56
CIGARS 95 93 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.42 0.44
ALCOHOL 94 105 0.04 0.04 0.26 0.28 0.05 0.06
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.6P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 or Older, Persons Aged 18 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.0051   0.0027   0.1507  
Cocaine da   0.0246   0.0275   0.0324  
Crack da   0.6458   0.6469   0.6084  
Heroin da   0.0407   0.0413   0.0620  
Hallucinogens da   0.6105   0.5968   0.9837  
LSD da   0.6552   0.6569   0.7903  
PCP da   *   *   *  
Ecstasy da   0.9173   0.9171   0.8883  
Inhalants da   0.1630   0.1627   0.1983  
Methamphetamine da   0.7225   0.7350   0.5345  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.1240   nr   0.1267  
Stimulants da   0.0534   nr   0.1219  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.0350   nr   0.1681  
Sedatives da   0.9831   nr   0.9853  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.0364   0.0212   0.1034  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.7481   0.7409   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.3188   0.3229   0.5020  
CIGARS da   0.3584   0.3237   0.6803  
ALCOHOL da   0.4345   0.9448   0.3609  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.7D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 64 65 0.19 0.19 0.35 0.37 0.54 0.52
Cocaine 50 42 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.14 2.10 2.12
Crack 10 6 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 * *
Heroin 10 8 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 * *
Hallucinogens 51 54 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.19 1.76 1.93
LSD 42 46 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.15 2.73 3.01
PCP 5 6 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 * *
Ecstasy 45 41 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.13 2.89 2.84
Inhalants 27 30 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 4.33 3.87
Methamphetamine 14 14 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 4.57 4.44
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 36 34 0.11 0.10 nr nr 1.67 1.66
Stimulants 40 37 0.12 0.11 nr nr 1.57 1.58
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 38 38 0.11 0.11 nr nr 1.99 2.42
Sedatives 16 11 0.05 0.03 nr nr * *
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 65 56 0.19 0.17 0.33 0.28 0.65 0.64
Daily Cigarette Use 35 25 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.09 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 38 37 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 1.40 1.36
CIGARS 64 64 0.19 0.19 0.26 0.26 0.97 1.04
ALCOHOL 86 88 0.25 0.26 0.81 0.85 0.35 0.35
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200515
Table 4.7P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.5456   0.5139   0.7304  
Cocaine da   0.0381   0.0404   0.1267  
Crack da   0.1270   0.1273   *  
Heroin da   0.1877   0.1867   *  
Hallucinogens da   0.4578   0.4576   0.7135  
LSD da   0.9493   0.9619   0.7736  
PCP da   0.3639   0.3632   *  
Ecstasy da   0.9002   0.8911   0.5997  
Inhalants da   0.2910   0.2880   0.8825  
Methamphetamine da   0.8255   0.8295   0.7537  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.2581   nr   0.4076  
Stimulants da   0.0065   nr   0.0408  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.0521   nr   0.4006  
Sedatives da   0.0898   nr   *  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.0494   0.0190   0.2797  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.0078   0.0079   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.8129   0.8198   0.6703  
CIGARS da   0.3698   0.2458   0.7674  
ALCOHOL da   0.9967   0.5635   0.7590  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.8D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 61 94 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.21 0.28
Cocaine 34 32 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.98 0.88
Crack 23 26 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.37 *
Heroin 22 16 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.36 2.40
Hallucinogens 43 47 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 1.48 1.43
LSD 35 44 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 3.48 3.90
PCP * * * * * * * *
Ecstasy 33 36 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.41 2.53
Inhalants 19 30 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 2.19 3.54
Methamphetamine 25 29 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.58 1.69
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 109 105 0.05 0.05 nr nr 1.34 1.31
Stimulants 46 45 0.02 0.02 nr nr 1.70 1.68
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 76 64 0.04 0.03 nr nr 1.90 1.73
Sedatives 33 47 0.02 0.02 nr nr 3.69 4.92
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 29 25 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.05
Daily Cigarette Use 24 43 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 46 50 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.57 0.59
CIGARS 62 69 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.38 0.43
ALCOHOL 16 40 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.14 0.01 0.03
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200416
Table 4.8P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2019 Versus 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons at
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.0014   0.0010   0.0145  
Cocaine da   0.2858   0.2951   0.2457  
Crack da   0.9724   0.9716   *  
Heroin da   0.1017   0.1028   0.0939  
Hallucinogens da   0.9177   0.9096   0.8380  
LSD da   0.3881   0.3898   0.4452  
PCP da   *   *   *  
Ecstasy da   0.6539   0.6533   0.5776  
Inhalants da   0.2853   0.2855   0.2298  
Methamphetamine da   0.7851   0.7946   0.6348  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.2216   nr   0.1999  
Stimulants da   0.9327   nr   0.9228  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.1920   nr   0.3191  
Sedatives da   0.5823   nr   0.5603  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.5364   0.5098   0.5909  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.0380   0.0387   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.2543   0.2559   0.2998  
CIGARS da   0.8168   0.8026   0.9621  
ALCOHOL da   0.0009   0.0014   0.0009  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 4.9C – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to Age 18, Prior to Age 21, and at Age 21 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Substance Persons Who Initiated Use
Prior to Age 18		 Persons Who Initiated Use
Prior to Age 21		 Persons Who Initiated Use
at Age 21 or Older
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 61 68 78 87 69 104
Cocaine 17 17 37 38 51 42
Crack 3 7 7 8 25 26
Heroin 6 * 9 4 22 17
Hallucinogens 28 27 46 52 53 58
LSD 22 24 36 41 47 54
PCP 4 7 4 8 * *
Ecstasy 19 20 38 35 42 44
Inhalants 31 29 35 35 27 40
Methamphetamine 10 7 14 13 27 30
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 30 28 40 39 114 108
Stimulants 24 28 40 42 51 49
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 28 24 37 36 81 67
Sedatives * * * * 35 48
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 45 42 72 69 45 38
Daily Cigarette Use 15 13 30 23 31 46
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 26 31 41 43 50 55
CIGARS 35 39 66 73 72 74
ALCOHOL 89 88 111 118 61 69
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 4.10D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons 12 to 49 and Mean Age at First Substance Use among Past Year Initiates Aged 12 to 49, by Gender: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Averages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Mean Age among Past Year
Initiates		 Mean Age among Past Year
Male Initiates		 Mean Age among Past Year
Female Initiates
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 101 115 0.27 0.38 0.38 0.63 0.39 0.44
Cocaine 66 56 0.37 0.61 0.57 0.84 0.52 0.85
Crack 26 18 1.84 2.00 3.05 2.56 2.48 3.08
Heroin 24 11 1.85 2.53 2.31 * 3.02 *
Hallucinogens 69 77 0.46 0.50 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.82
LSD 60 67 0.48 0.47 0.70 0.65 0.58 0.56
PCP 6 9 * 0.70 * 0.81 * *
Ecstasy 58 53 0.51 0.50 0.84 0.59 0.61 0.86
Inhalants 45 54 0.50 0.57 0.55 0.83 0.87 0.78
Methamphetamine 31 23 1.32 1.39 2.24 2.10 1.49 1.72
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 84 77 0.64 0.75 1.00 1.15 0.84 0.86
Stimulants 63 60 0.59 0.64 0.66 0.76 0.91 1.10
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 62 61 0.62 0.77 1.04 1.32 0.75 0.92
Sedatives 29 22 1.37 2.47 2.00 2.99 1.30 3.52
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 87 76 0.18 0.26 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.47
Daily Cigarette Use 40 41 0.48 1.07 0.61 0.89 0.80 1.84
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 56 59 0.60 0.54 0.54 0.59 1.36 1.01
CIGARS 95 92 0.33 0.39 0.41 0.45 0.55 0.70
ALCOHOL 128 129 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.20
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 4.10P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons 12 to 49 and Mean Age at First Substance Use among Past Year Initiates Aged 12 to 49, by Gender: P Values from Tests of Differences of Averages, 2019 Versus 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Mean Age among Past Year
Initiates		 Mean Age among Past Year
Male Initiates		 Mean Age among Past Year
Female Initiates
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.0125   0.0614   0.0667  
Cocaine da   0.4335   0.1809   0.7907  
Crack da   0.8675   0.9714   0.8986  
Heroin da   0.6216   *   *  
Hallucinogens da   0.7866   0.6950   0.3500  
LSD da   0.6618   0.8876   0.4569  
PCP da   *   *   *  
Ecstasy da   0.9644   0.8234   0.9532  
Inhalants da   0.6770   0.3877   0.9909  
Methamphetamine da   0.8943   0.7964   0.5661  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.3603   0.2880   0.8888  
Stimulants da   0.8765   0.6416   0.8564  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.5764   0.2825   0.8055  
Sedatives da   0.3805   0.9668   0.1301  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr
CIGARETTES da   0.7548   0.4330   0.8003  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.0075   0.1351   0.0217  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.7290   0.4297   0.7186  
CIGARS da   0.8925   0.8064   0.7981  
ALCOHOL da   0.0604   0.2778   0.1171  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3 of the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions).
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

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