Substate Region Estimates Categorized into Seven Groups from Lowest to Highest Estimate, by Age Group: Annual Averages Based on 2016, 2017, and 2018 NSDUHs
Table Age Group Number of
Estimates
Suppressed1
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7
Table 1: Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month 12 to 17   33   5.86 or Lower 5.87 - 6.36 6.37 - 7.10 7.11 - 8.77   8.78 - 10.42 10.43 - 11.88 11.89 or Higher
18 to 25 164 15.17 or Lower 15.18 - 17.33 17.34 - 19.95 19.96 - 26.35 26.36 - 31.56 31.57 - 36.28 36.29 or Higher
26 or Older    1 5.69 or Lower 5.70 - 6.63 6.64 - 7.79 7.80 - 10.36 10.37 - 14.53 14.54 - 17.79 17.80 or Higher
18 or Older    0   7.07 or Lower 7.08 - 8.25 8.26 - 9.57   9.58 - 12.53 12.54 - 16.89 16.90 - 20.20 20.21 or Higher
Table 2: Marijuana Use in the Past Year 12 to 17   37   9.00 or Lower 9.01 - 9.77   9.78 - 11.28 11.29 - 13.78 13.79 - 15.37 15.38 - 17.85 17.86 or Higher
18 to 25 240 23.12 or Lower 23.13 - 25.77 25.78 - 29.55 29.56 - 37.90 37.91 - 44.45 44.46 - 49.58 49.59 or Higher
26 or Older    3   7.19 or Lower 7.20 - 8.48 8.49 - 9.88   9.89 - 13.53 13.54 - 18.20 18.21 - 22.01 22.02 or Higher
18 or Older    3   9.61 or Lower   9.62 - 10.94 10.95 - 12.67 12.68 - 16.89 16.90 - 21.72 21.73 - 25.21 25.22 or Higher
Table 3: Marijuana Use in the Past Month 12 to 17   34   4.57 or Lower 4.58 - 5.16 5.17 - 5.79 5.80 - 7.35 7.36 - 8.81   8.82 - 10.40 10.41 or Higher
18 to 25 150 13.56 or Lower 13.57 - 15.50 15.51 - 18.28 18.29 - 24.09 24.10 - 30.02 30.03 - 34.52 34.53 or Higher
26 or Older    3   4.44 or Lower 4.45 - 5.19 5.20 - 6.26 6.27 - 8.74   8.75 - 12.63 12.64 - 15.66 15.67 or Higher
18 or Older    0   5.81 or Lower 5.82 - 6.78 6.79 - 7.94   7.95 - 10.87 10.88 - 15.08 15.09 - 18.12 18.13 or Higher
Table 4: Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana
   Once a Month
12 to 17   40 16.60 or Lower 16.61 - 19.31 19.32 - 22.10 22.11 - 25.62 25.63 - 28.92 28.93 - 31.19 31.20 or Higher
18 to 25   68   6.88 or Lower 6.89 - 8.42   8.43 - 10.33 10.34 - 12.80 12.81 - 15.64 15.65 - 18.83 18.84 or Higher
26 or Older    3 16.73 or Lower 16.74 - 20.15 20.16 - 24.61 24.62 - 29.28 29.29 - 33.84 33.85 - 38.33 38.34 or Higher
18 or Older    1 15.76 or Lower 15.77 - 18.55 18.56 - 22.61 22.62 - 27.07 27.08 - 31.23 31.24 - 35.55 35.56 or Higher
Table 5: First Use of Marijuana 12 to 17   32   3.45 or Lower 3.46 - 4.03 4.04 - 4.81 4.82 - 6.15 6.16 - 7.30 7.31 - 8.47   8.48 or Higher
18 to 25   41   5.33 or Lower 5.34 - 5.93 5.94 - 7.10 7.11 - 9.21   9.22 - 11.40 11.41 - 13.90 13.91 or Higher
26 or Older 112   0.29 or Lower 0.30 - 0.33 0.34 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.54 0.55 - 0.84 0.85 - 1.13   1.14 or Higher
18 or Older    2   0.97 or Lower 0.98 - 1.14 1.15 - 1.34 1.35 - 1.76 1.77 - 2.31 2.32 - 2.88   2.89 or Higher
Table 6: Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past
   Month
12 to 17   69   1.86 or Lower 1.87 - 2.03 2.04 - 2.26 2.27 - 2.58 2.59 - 2.86 2.87 - 3.16   3.17 or Higher
18 to 25   58   4.59 or Lower 4.60 - 5.19 5.20 - 5.96 5.97 - 7.24 7.25 - 8.65   8.66 - 10.01 10.02 or Higher
26 or Older    4   2.02 or Lower 2.03 - 2.30 2.31 - 2.60 2.61 - 3.05 3.06 - 3.48 3.49 - 3.92   3.93 or Higher
18 or Older    0   2.49 or Lower 2.50 - 2.77 2.78 - 3.06 3.07 - 3.58 3.59 - 4.13 4.14 - 4.78   4.79 or Higher
Table 7: Cocaine Use in the Past Year 12 to 17 276   0.27 or Lower 0.28 - 0.35 0.36 - 0.46 0.47 - 0.59 0.60 - 0.69 0.70 - 0.82   0.83 or Higher
18 to 25   88   2.96 or Lower 2.97 - 3.71 3.72 - 4.58 4.59 - 6.12 6.13 - 7.96   7.97 - 10.13 10.14 or Higher
26 or Older   18   0.81 or Lower 0.82 - 0.97 0.98 - 1.22 1.23 - 1.62 1.63 - 2.09 2.10 - 2.72   2.73 or Higher
18 or Older    0   1.23 or Lower 1.24 - 1.41 1.42 - 1.69 1.70 - 2.25 2.26 - 2.80 2.81 - 3.87   3.88 or Higher
Table 8: Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a
   Month
12 to 17   36 50.26 or Lower 50.27 - 52.18 52.19 - 53.92 53.93 - 56.13 56.14 - 57.84 57.85 - 59.30 59.31 or Higher
18 to 25   99 52.10 or Lower 52.11 - 56.27 56.28 - 61.02 61.03 - 66.08 66.09 - 69.38 69.39 - 72.37 72.38 or Higher
26 or Older    0 64.10 or Lower 64.11 - 69.03 69.04 - 72.70 72.71 - 76.79 76.80 - 79.95 79.96 - 82.77 82.78 or Higher
18 or Older    0 62.87 or Lower 62.88 - 67.27 67.28 - 71.17 71.18 - 75.12 75.13 - 78.31 78.32 - 81.28 81.29 or Higher
Table 9: Heroin Use in the Past Year 12 to 172 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
18 to 25 260   0.22 or Lower 0.23 - 0.33 0.34 - 0.48 0.49 - 0.75 0.76 - 1.04 1.05 - 1.29   1.30 or Higher
26 or Older 165   0.15 or Lower 0.16 - 0.19 0.20 - 0.27 0.28 - 0.36 0.37 - 0.51 0.52 - 0.65   0.66 or Higher
18 or Older   58   0.18 or Lower 0.19 - 0.22 0.23 - 0.30 0.31 - 0.41 0.42 - 0.57 0.58 - 0.71   0.72 or Higher
Table 10: Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or
   Twice
12 to 17   34 60.19 or Lower 60.20 - 62.04 62.05 - 64.15 64.16 - 66.33 66.34 - 68.40 68.41 - 70.08 70.09 or Higher
18 to 25   43 77.89 or Lower 77.90 - 79.58 79.59 - 81.48 81.49 - 83.69 83.70 - 85.04 85.05 - 86.44 86.45 or Higher
26 or Older    0 83.84 or Lower 83.85 - 86.07 86.08 - 88.16 88.17 - 90.41 90.42 - 91.67 91.68 - 92.37 92.38 or Higher
18 or Older    0 83.35 or Lower 83.36 - 85.24 85.25 - 87.18 87.19 - 89.35 89.36 - 90.73 90.74 - 91.51 91.52 or Higher
Table 11: Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year 12 to 17 388   0.09 or Lower 0.10 - 0.12 0.13 - 0.15 0.16 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.26 0.27 - 0.34   0.35 or Higher
18 to 25 208   0.18 or Lower 0.19 - 0.35 0.36 - 0.70 0.71 - 1.27 1.28 - 1.79 1.80 - 2.31   2.32 or Higher
26 or Older   84   0.22 or Lower 0.23 - 0.32 0.33 - 0.46 0.47 - 0.78 0.79 - 1.00 1.01 - 1.18   1.19 or Higher
18 or Older   29   0.23 or Lower 0.24 - 0.33 0.34 - 0.49 0.50 - 0.86 0.87 - 1.09 1.10 - 1.29   1.30 or Higher
Table 12: Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year 12 to 17   52   2.26 or Lower 2.27 - 2.56 2.57 - 2.97 2.98 - 3.39 3.40 - 3.69 3.70 - 4.25   4.26 or Higher
18 to 25   40   5.40 or Lower 5.41 - 5.88 5.89 - 6.45 6.46 - 7.16 7.17 - 7.70 7.71 - 8.37   8.38 or Higher
26 or Older    1   2.94 or Lower 2.95 - 3.25 3.26 - 3.51 3.52 - 3.96 3.97 - 4.28 4.29 - 4.66   4.67 or Higher
18 or Older    0   3.29 or Lower 3.30 - 3.66 3.67 - 3.98 3.99 - 4.39 4.40 - 4.70 4.71 - 5.06   5.07 or Higher
Table 13: Alcohol Use in the Past Month 12 to 17   32   6.85 or Lower 6.86 - 7.94 7.95 - 9.06   9.07 - 10.28 10.29 - 11.46 11.47 - 12.44 12.45 or Higher
18 to 25 216 42.21 or Lower 42.22 - 47.88 47.89 - 53.75 53.76 - 60.24 60.25 - 65.94 65.95 - 70.60 70.61 or Higher
26 or Older   26 38.09 or Lower 38.10 - 45.24 45.25 - 52.58 52.59 - 59.14 59.15 - 63.81 63.82 - 67.57 67.58 or Higher
18 or Older   13 38.60 or Lower 38.61 - 46.02 46.03 - 52.82 52.83 - 59.25 59.26 - 63.95 63.96 - 67.90 67.91 or Higher
Table 14: Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month 12 to 17   35   3.63 or Lower 3.64 - 4.22 4.23 - 4.74 4.75 - 5.58 5.59 - 6.17 6.18 - 6.80   6.81 or Higher
18 to 25 176 26.06 or Lower 26.07 - 30.08 30.09 - 34.32 34.33 - 40.31 40.32 - 45.66 45.67 - 49.76 49.77 or Higher
26 or Older    0 18.70 or Lower 18.71 - 21.42 21.43 - 23.56 23.57 - 26.37 26.38 - 28.66 28.67 - 32.05 32.06 or Higher
18 or Older    0 20.01 or Lower 20.02 - 22.81 22.82 - 25.13 25.14 - 28.13 28.14 - 30.90 30.91 - 34.52 34.53 or Higher
Table 15: Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More
   Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week
12 to 17   32 35.44 or Lower 35.45 - 36.93 36.94 - 39.82 39.83 - 44.02 44.03 - 47.06 47.07 - 49.34 49.35 or Higher
18 to 25   42 27.97 or Lower 27.98 - 29.59 29.60 - 32.86 32.87 - 38.19 38.20 - 42.58 42.59 - 45.48 45.49 or Higher
26 or Older    0 37.09 or Lower 37.10 - 39.12 39.13 - 41.63 41.64 - 46.23 46.24 - 49.69 49.70 - 52.36 52.37 or Higher
18 or Older    0 35.64 or Lower 35.65 - 37.84 37.85 - 40.48 40.49 - 45.19 45.20 - 48.41 48.42 - 51.34 51.35 or Higher
Table 16: Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month 12 to 17   42   2.76 or Lower 2.77 - 3.40 3.41 - 4.50 4.51 - 6.27 6.28 - 7.89 7.90 - 9.31   9.32 or Higher
18 to 25 173 18.34 or Lower 18.35 - 22.62 22.63 - 28.89 28.90 - 34.12 34.13 - 38.30 38.31 - 41.81 41.82 or Higher
26 or Older    0 15.27 or Lower 15.28 - 18.23 18.24 - 23.46 23.47 - 28.26 28.27 - 32.02 32.03 - 36.11 36.12 or Higher
18 or Older    0 15.60 or Lower 15.61 - 19.00 19.01 - 24.29 24.30 - 28.99 29.00 - 32.88 32.89 - 36.47 36.48 or Higher
Table 17: Cigarette Use in the Past Month 12 to 17   49   1.63 or Lower 1.64 - 2.05 2.06 - 2.92 2.93 - 4.24 4.25 - 5.51 5.52 - 6.60   6.61 or Higher
18 to 25 195 14.46 or Lower 14.47 - 17.63 17.64 - 21.80 21.81 - 26.02 26.03 - 29.57 29.58 - 32.80 32.81 or Higher
26 or Older    1 12.37 or Lower 12.38 - 14.83 14.84 - 18.74 18.75 - 22.71 22.72 - 26.05 26.06 - 29.53 29.54 or Higher
18 or Older    0 12.81 or Lower 12.82 - 15.20 15.21 - 19.32 19.33 - 23.00 23.01 - 26.40 26.41 - 29.84 29.85 or Higher
Table 18: Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More
   Packs of Cigarettes per Day
12 to 17   32 58.86 or Lower 58.87 - 61.80 61.81 - 63.68 63.69 - 67.46 67.47 - 70.09 70.10 - 72.64 72.65 or Higher
18 to 25   44 58.09 or Lower 58.10 - 60.21 60.22 - 63.02 63.03 - 67.64 67.65 - 71.25 71.26 - 74.17 74.18 or Higher
26 or Older    0 65.37 or Lower 65.38 - 67.04 67.05 - 69.27 69.28 - 73.73 73.74 - 77.14 77.15 - 79.20 79.21 or Higher
18 or Older    0 64.52 or Lower 64.53 - 66.19 66.20 - 68.52 68.53 - 72.90 72.91 - 75.98 75.99 - 78.35 78.36 or Higher
Table 19: Illicit Drug Use Disorder in the Past Year 12 to 17   55   2.31 or Lower 2.32 - 2.52 2.53 - 2.84 2.85 - 3.33 3.34 - 3.85 3.86 - 4.29   4.30 or Higher
18 to 25   46   5.55 or Lower 5.56 - 6.14 6.15 - 6.66 6.67 - 7.82 7.83 - 8.85   8.86 - 10.05 10.06 or Higher
26 or Older    9   1.54 or Lower 1.55 - 1.76 1.77 - 1.94 1.95 - 2.25 2.26 - 2.59 2.60 - 3.05   3.06 or Higher
18 or Older    0   2.18 or Lower 2.19 - 2.38 2.39 - 2.63 2.64 - 3.02 3.03 - 3.50 3.51 - 4.07   4.08 or Higher
Table 20: Pain Reliever Use Disorder in the Past Year 12 to 17 287   0.36 or Lower 0.37 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.44 0.45 - 0.49 0.50 - 0.54 0.55 - 0.61   0.62 or Higher
18 to 25 205   0.55 or Lower 0.56 - 0.66 0.67 - 0.85 0.86 - 1.01 1.02 - 1.14 1.15 - 1.25   1.26 or Higher
26 or Older   63   0.44 or Lower 0.45 - 0.51 0.52 - 0.59 0.60 - 0.68 0.69 - 0.79 0.80 - 0.89   0.90 or Higher
18 or Older   18   0.47 or Lower 0.48 - 0.54 0.55 - 0.63 0.64 - 0.73 0.74 - 0.83 0.84 - 0.92   0.93 or Higher
Table 21: Alcohol Use Disorder in the Past Year 12 to 17 108   1.32 or Lower 1.33 - 1.48 1.49 - 1.70 1.71 - 2.07 2.08 - 2.38 2.39 - 2.77   2.78 or Higher
18 to 25   52   7.42 or Lower 7.43 - 8.43 8.44 - 9.36   9.37 - 11.32 11.33 - 13.04 13.05 - 14.87 14.88 or Higher
26 or Older    0   3.85 or Lower 3.86 - 4.29 4.30 - 4.71 4.72 - 5.51 5.52 - 6.23 6.24 - 7.33   7.34 or Higher
18 or Older    0   4.41 or Lower 4.42 - 4.91 4.92 - 5.43 5.44 - 6.29 6.30 - 7.23 7.24 - 8.32   8.33 or Higher
Table 22: Substance Use Disorder in the Past Year 12 to 17   42   3.12 or Lower 3.13 - 3.37 3.38 - 3.82 3.83 - 4.44 4.45 - 5.09 5.10 - 5.70   5.71 or Higher
18 to 25 129 11.24 or Lower 11.25 - 12.45 12.46 - 13.82 13.83 - 16.26 16.27 - 18.38 18.39 - 20.74 20.75 or Higher
26 or Older    0   5.18 or Lower 5.19 - 5.63 5.64 - 6.11 6.12 - 7.06 7.07 - 7.96 7.97 - 9.14   9.15 or Higher
18 or Older    0   6.09 or Lower 6.10 - 6.65 6.66 - 7.19 7.20 - 8.36 8.37 - 9.31   9.32 - 10.48 10.49 or Higher
Table 23: Needing But Not Receiving Treatment at a Specialty
   Facility for Illicit Drug Use in the Past Year
12 to 17   60   2.08 or Lower 2.09 - 2.27 2.28 - 2.57 2.58 - 3.06 3.07 - 3.56 3.57 - 4.00   4.01 or Higher
18 to 25   52   5.12 or Lower 5.13 - 5.59 5.60 - 6.13 6.14 - 7.22 7.23 - 8.24 8.25 - 9.57   9.58 or Higher
26 or Older   10   1.32 or Lower 1.33 - 1.45 1.46 - 1.64 1.65 - 1.91 1.92 - 2.25 2.26 - 2.66   2.67 or Higher
18 or Older    0   1.87 or Lower 1.88 - 2.07 2.08 - 2.27 2.28 - 2.64 2.65 - 3.05 3.06 - 3.66   3.67 or Higher
Table 24: Needing But Not Receiving Treatment at a Specialty
   Facility for Alcohol Use in the Past Year
12 to 17 112   1.30 or Lower 1.31 - 1.43 1.44 - 1.64 1.65 - 1.95 1.96 - 2.24 2.25 - 2.55   2.56 or Higher
18 to 25   43   7.19 or Lower 7.20 - 7.97 7.98 - 9.01   9.02 - 11.00 11.01 - 12.61 12.62 - 13.85 13.86 or Higher
26 or Older    0   3.69 or Lower 3.70 - 4.09 4.10 - 4.53 4.54 - 5.33 5.34 - 5.96 5.97 - 6.82   6.83 or Higher
18 or Older    0   4.25 or Lower 4.26 - 4.63 4.64 - 5.22 5.23 - 6.10 6.11 - 6.90 6.91 - 7.70   7.71 or Higher
Table 25: Needing But Not Receiving Treatment at a Specialty
   Facility for Substance Use in the Past Year
12 to 17   44   2.92 or Lower 2.93 - 3.18 3.19 - 3.59 3.60 - 4.20 4.21 - 4.72 4.73 - 5.26   5.27 or Higher
18 to 25 156 10.33 or Lower 10.34 - 11.67 11.68 - 13.14 13.15 - 15.40 15.41 - 17.25 17.26 - 19.68 19.69 or Higher
26 or Older    0   4.78 or Lower 4.79 - 5.15 5.16 - 5.58 5.59 - 6.43 6.44 - 7.21 7.22 - 8.24   8.25 or Higher
18 or Older    0   5.59 or Lower 5.60 - 6.11 6.12 - 6.64 6.65 - 7.67 7.68 - 8.59 8.60 - 9.81   9.82 or Higher
Table 26: Serious Mental Illness in the Past Year 18 to 25   40   5.58 or Lower 5.59 - 6.07 6.08 - 6.92 6.93 - 7.79 7.80 - 8.54 8.55 - 9.18   9.19 or Higher
26 or Older    0   3.08 or Lower 3.09 - 3.52 3.53 - 3.97 3.98 - 4.63 4.64 - 5.07 5.08 - 5.46   5.47 or Higher
18 or Older3    0   3.49 or Lower 3.50 - 3.90 3.91 - 4.43 4.44 - 5.05 5.06 - 5.45 5.46 - 5.93   5.94 or Higher
Table 27: Any Mental Illness in the Past Year 18 to 25   41 19.94 or Lower 19.95 - 22.13 22.14 - 24.08 24.09 - 26.48 26.49 - 28.45 28.46 - 29.98 29.99 or Higher
26 or Older    0 14.90 or Lower 14.91 - 16.28 16.29 - 17.48 17.49 - 19.14 19.15 - 21.12 21.13 - 23.16 23.17 or Higher
18 or Older3    0 15.82 or Lower 15.83 - 17.16 17.17 - 18.52 18.53 - 20.05 20.06 - 21.82 21.83 - 23.69 23.70 or Higher
Table 28: Received Mental Health Services in the Past Year 18 to 25   40   9.84 or Lower   9.85 - 11.40 11.41 - 13.63 13.64 - 17.13 17.14 - 19.04 19.05 - 20.62 20.63 or Higher
26 or Older    0 11.00 or Lower 11.01 - 12.57 12.58 - 14.35 14.36 - 17.05 17.06 - 18.56 18.57 - 20.42 20.43 or Higher
18 or Older3    0 10.85 or Lower 10.86 - 12.50 12.51 - 14.35 14.36 - 17.03 17.04 - 18.53 18.54 - 20.45 20.46 or Higher
Table 29: Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in the Past Year 18 to 25   40   8.62 or Lower 8.63 - 9.20 9.21 - 9.86   9.87 - 10.83 10.84 - 11.55 11.56 - 12.51 12.52 or Higher
26 or Older    0   2.53 or Lower 2.54 - 2.84 2.85 - 3.24 3.25 - 3.71 3.72 - 4.17 4.18 - 4.50   4.51 or Higher
18 or Older3    0   3.42 or Lower 3.43 - 3.73 3.74 - 4.18 4.19 - 4.65 4.66 - 5.20 5.21 - 5.66   5.67 or Higher
Table 30: Major Depressive Episode in the Past Year 12 to 17   35 11.11 or Lower 11.12 - 12.26 12.27 - 13.17 13.18 - 14.46 14.47 - 15.43 15.44 - 16.17 16.18 or Higher
18 to 25   40   9.94 or Lower   9.95 - 10.79 10.80 - 12.18 12.19 - 13.66 13.67 - 14.85 14.86 - 16.06 16.07 or Higher
26 or Older    0   4.85 or Lower 4.86 - 5.38 5.39 - 5.99 6.00 - 6.82 6.83 - 7.43 7.44 - 8.06   8.07 or Higher
18 or Older3    0   5.64 or Lower 5.65 - 6.32 6.33 - 6.90 6.91 - 7.71 7.72 - 8.36 8.37 - 8.99   9.00 or Higher
-- Not available.
NOTE: These scales are a companion piece to the 2016-2018 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Substate Age Group Tables at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
NOTE: All 406 substate regions were used to create these groups instead of the 395 substate regions that were used to create the national maps representing the 12 or older age group. Estimates for these 406 substate regions have been ranked from lowest to highest for each measure and age group and divided into seven categories. The three lowest groups (shown in shades of blue) represent the lowest third of the estimates, with the lowest group having 18 substate regions, the next lowest group having 37 substate regions, and the next lowest group having 80 substate regions (except in cases of ties where the numbers may vary a little). The three highest groups (shown in shades of yellow) were created similarly. The middle group (group 4 shown in white) represents the 136 substate regions that fall into the middle third. The only exceptions to the colors were the five perception-of-risk outcomes in the rows for Table 4 (marijuana), Table 8 (cocaine), Table 10 (heroin), Table 15 (alcohol), and Table 18 (cigarettes), which have the highest estimates represented in blue and the lowest estimates represented in yellow to reflect the inverse relationship between substance use and perception of risk of using that substance. In some cases, a group (or category) could have more or fewer substate regions because two or more substate regions had the same estimate when rounded to two decimal places. When such ties occurred at the "boundary" between two groups, all substate regions that had the same estimate were assigned to the lower group. The upper and lower limits of each of the seven categories define a continuum and are not necessarily the actual values of the particular area (i.e., the lower limit of group 2 is defined by adding 0.01 to the upper limit of group 1).
1 For details on the suppression criteria, see the 2016-2018 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Substate Age Group Tables at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/.
2 The past year heroin use estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 were low and had an abbreviated range; therefore, no substate region grouping was made for this age group.
3 Note that substate maps are produced for adults aged 18 or older for these outcomes using 395 substate areas (a combination of substate and aggregate regions). Because the ranges of estimates for each group shown here are based on all 406 substate regions, they may differ from the ranges shown in the national maps.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2016, 2017, and 2018.

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