National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2015-2016 State-Specific Tables of Model-Based Estimates (Totals and Percentages), SAMHSA, CBHSQ

171013

UNITED STATES

Table 1 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the United States, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Numbers in this table are based on national design-based estimates. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	27,822	2,076	7,904	17,841	25,746
Past Year Marijuana Use	36,806	3,060	11,323	22,424	33,747
Past Month Marijuana Use	23,103	1,681	7,052	14,370	21,423
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	76,344	6,763	4,975	64,606	69,581
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3,002	1,169	1,392	440	1,833
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	9,195	675	2,542	5,978	8,520
Past Year Cocaine Use	4,950	144	1,897	2,908	4,806
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	193,040	14,076	22,606	156,358	178,963
Past Year Heroin Use	888	17	222	649	871
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	229,389	16,284	28,764	184,340	213,104
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	11,989	925	2,717	8,347	11,064
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	137,531	2,341	20,060	115,130	135,190
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	66,009	1,328	13,442	51,240	64,682
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	118,998	10,778	12,823	95,396	108,219
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	7,484	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	4,799	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	63,693	1,408	10,937	51,348	62,285
Past Month Cigarette Use	51,642	947	8,725	41,970	50,695
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	195,523	17,106	23,722	154,695	178,417
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	7,559	822	2,479	4,258	6,737
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	1,896	137	359	1,399	1,758
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	15,396	555	3,752	11,088	14,841
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	20,461	1,148	5,282	14,031	19,313
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	6,796	782	2,298	3,716	6,014
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	14,712	534	3,637	10,541	14,178
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	19,024	1,091	4,982	12,951	17,934
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	1,895	8,167	10,062
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	7,605	36,431	44,035
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	4,267	30,529	34,796
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	2,976	6,884	9,860
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	3,144	3,677	12,653	16,330

171013

UNITED STATES

Table 2 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the United States, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: The percentages in this table are based on national design-based estimates. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.36	8.34	22.75	8.54	10.57
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.71	12.29	32.60	10.73	13.85
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.60	6.75	20.30	6.88	8.79
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.41	27.17	14.32	30.92	28.54
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.96	5.25	7.74	0.39	1.40
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.42	2.71	7.32	2.86	3.50
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.84	0.58	5.46	1.39	1.97
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.89	56.54	65.07	74.84	73.44
Past Year Heroin Use	0.33	0.07	0.64	0.31	0.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.44	65.41	82.80	88.23	87.45
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.46	3.72	7.82	4.00	4.54
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	51.21	9.40	57.75	55.10	55.48
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	24.58	5.33	38.69	24.52	26.54
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.30	43.30	36.91	45.66	44.41
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.83	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.71	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	23.72	5.66	31.48	24.58	25.56
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.23	3.80	25.12	20.09	20.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.80	68.71	68.29	74.04	73.22
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.81	3.30	7.14	2.04	2.76
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.71	0.55	1.03	0.67	0.72
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.73	2.23	10.80	5.31	6.09
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.62	4.61	15.20	6.72	7.93
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.53	3.14	6.62	1.78	2.47
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.48	2.15	10.47	5.05	5.82
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.08	4.38	14.34	6.20	7.36
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.46	3.91	4.13
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.89	17.44	18.07
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.28	14.61	14.28
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.57	3.30	4.04
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.63	10.59	6.06	6.70

171013

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 3 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Northeast Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	5,351	347	1,578	3,426	5,004
Past Year Marijuana Use	7,094	509	2,279	4,306	6,585
Past Month Marijuana Use	4,539	294	1,438	2,807	4,245
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	12,649	1,104	764	10,782	11,546
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	543	197	261	85	346
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	1,654	93	471	1,091	1,561
Past Year Cocaine Use	1,080	24	406	650	1,056
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	33,040	2,319	3,757	26,963	30,720
Past Year Heroin Use	221	3	49	168	217
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	40,668	2,715	5,035	32,918	37,953
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	1,936	116	438	1,382	1,820
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	26,782	450	3,890	22,442	26,332
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	12,564	253	2,679	9,632	12,311
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	20,563	1,766	2,081	16,716	18,797
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,535	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,000	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	10,875	222	1,926	8,728	10,654
Past Month Cigarette Use	8,823	141	1,517	7,164	8,681
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	35,657	2,941	4,234	28,483	32,716
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	1,359	121	464	774	1,239
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	321	18	60	243	303
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	2,871	94	712	2,066	2,777
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	3,791	174	1,018	2,598	3,616
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	1,214	112	412	690	1,102
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	2,714	89	679	1,945	2,624
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	3,443	168	949	2,326	3,275
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	338	1,440	1,778
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	1,374	6,431	7,805
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	827	6,049	6,876
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	536	1,227	1,762
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	499	674	2,299	2,973

171013

NORTHEAST REGION

Table 4 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Northeast Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.20	8.45	25.93	9.11	11.45
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.84	12.39	37.45	11.45	15.07
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.50	7.15	23.64	7.46	9.72
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.44	26.85	12.56	28.67	26.40
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.07	5.34	8.85	0.44	1.54
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.46	2.25	7.73	2.90	3.57
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.26	0.58	6.67	1.73	2.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.12	56.41	61.75	71.69	70.30
Past Year Heroin Use	0.46	0.08	0.81	0.45	0.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.10	66.03	82.74	87.53	86.86
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.05	2.82	7.19	3.68	4.17
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	56.02	10.95	63.92	59.67	60.27
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	26.28	6.16	44.03	25.61	28.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.01	42.95	34.19	44.45	43.02
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23.98	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.62	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.75	5.39	31.65	23.21	24.38
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.46	3.44	24.93	19.05	19.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	74.59	71.53	69.57	75.74	74.88
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.84	2.94	7.63	2.06	2.83
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.67	0.44	0.98	0.65	0.69
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.01	2.28	11.69	5.49	6.36
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.93	4.24	16.73	6.91	8.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.54	2.72	6.77	1.83	2.52
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.68	2.17	11.16	5.17	6.01
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.20	4.09	15.59	6.19	7.50
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.56	3.83	4.07
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.58	17.10	17.86
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.59	16.08	15.74
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.81	3.26	4.03
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.13	11.08	6.11	6.80

171013

MIDWEST REGION

Table 5 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Midwest Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	5,541	442	1,602	3,497	5,099
Past Year Marijuana Use	7,405	676	2,342	4,386	6,729
Past Month Marijuana Use	4,697	357	1,425	2,916	4,340
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	14,502	1,412	924	12,166	13,090
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	648	251	311	86	397
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	1,795	146	513	1,136	1,649
Past Year Cocaine Use	854	29	326	499	825
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	40,926	2,968	4,800	33,157	37,958
Past Year Heroin Use	185	4	48	132	180
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	48,484	3,489	6,097	38,899	44,996
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	2,522	214	604	1,704	2,308
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	30,827	524	4,553	25,749	30,302
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	15,018	313	3,127	11,578	14,704
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	22,468	2,114	2,374	17,979	20,353
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,685	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,122	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	15,059	357	2,603	12,099	14,703
Past Month Cigarette Use	12,084	251	2,045	9,789	11,834
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	39,089	3,595	4,808	30,687	35,495
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	1,483	171	481	831	1,312
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	403	29	77	296	373
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	3,346	122	862	2,363	3,224
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	4,388	254	1,148	2,987	4,134
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	1,340	153	444	743	1,187
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	3,165	118	786	2,262	3,048
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	4,051	235	1,090	2,726	3,816
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	439	1,808	2,247
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	1,644	7,608	9,252
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	1,061	7,030	8,091
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	640	1,488	2,128
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	723	814	2,728	3,542

171013

MIDWEST REGION

Table 6 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the Midwest Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.77	8.28	21.68	7.95	9.93
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.06	12.67	31.69	9.97	13.10
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.28	6.69	19.28	6.63	8.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.56	26.44	12.50	27.67	25.46
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.04	5.25	8.16	0.38	1.47
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.17	2.73	6.94	2.58	3.21
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.51	0.55	4.40	1.14	1.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.18	55.60	64.94	75.40	73.89
Past Year Heroin Use	0.33	0.08	0.65	0.30	0.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.53	65.34	82.49	88.46	87.60
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.45	4.00	8.17	3.88	4.49
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	54.36	9.82	61.60	58.56	59.00
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	26.48	5.87	42.30	26.33	28.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.62	39.60	32.12	40.89	39.62
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.92	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.93	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	26.56	6.68	35.22	27.52	28.62
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.31	4.70	27.66	22.26	23.04
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.94	67.33	65.05	69.78	69.10
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.61	3.20	6.51	1.89	2.55
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.71	0.55	1.05	0.67	0.73
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.90	2.29	11.66	5.37	6.28
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.74	4.75	15.53	6.79	8.05
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.36	2.86	6.00	1.69	2.31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.58	2.20	10.64	5.14	5.93
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.14	4.40	14.75	6.20	7.43
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.94	4.11	4.37
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.25	17.30	18.01
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	14.36	15.99	15.75
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.66	3.38	4.14
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.53	11.01	6.20	6.89

171013

SOUTH REGION

Table 7 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the South Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8,936	744	2,612	5,580	8,192
Past Year Marijuana Use	11,860	1,070	3,824	6,967	10,791
Past Month Marijuana Use	7,099	583	2,287	4,229	6,516
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	32,338	2,828	2,151	27,359	29,510
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1,037	426	479	131	610
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3,323	274	896	2,153	3,048
Past Year Cocaine Use	1,612	43	612	957	1,569
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75,774	5,551	8,859	61,364	70,223
Past Year Heroin Use	282	7	74	201	275
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87,319	6,349	10,797	70,174	80,971
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4,460	375	981	3,104	4,086
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	47,824	828	7,035	39,960	46,996
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23,425	459	4,617	18,349	22,966
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46,498	4,324	5,057	37,117	42,174
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	2,623	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,639	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	25,607	562	4,174	20,871	25,045
Past Month Cigarette Use	20,716	369	3,346	17,001	20,347
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72,922	6,445	8,722	57,755	66,477
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2,665	292	878	1,494	2,373
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	732	56	135	542	677
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5,286	198	1,271	3,817	5,088
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7,053	400	1,830	4,823	6,653
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2,352	277	832	1,244	2,075
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5,041	195	1,246	3,599	4,846
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6,544	383	1,725	4,437	6,162
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	648	3,043	3,692
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	2,644	13,729	16,373
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	1,441	10,893	12,334
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	1,039	2,463	3,503
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	1,131	1,278	4,741	6,019

171013

SOUTH REGION

Table 8 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the South Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.87	7.82	20.26	7.13	8.98
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.78	11.25	29.66	8.90	11.83
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.05	6.13	17.74	5.40	7.14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	32.09	29.75	16.68	34.94	32.34
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.70	4.91	6.78	0.29	1.17
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.30	2.88	6.95	2.75	3.34
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.60	0.45	4.75	1.22	1.72
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.25	58.39	68.70	78.36	76.99
Past Year Heroin Use	0.28	0.07	0.58	0.26	0.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.73	66.78	83.73	89.61	88.78
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.43	3.94	7.61	3.96	4.48
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	47.48	8.71	54.56	51.03	51.53
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.26	4.83	35.80	23.43	25.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.17	45.48	39.22	47.40	46.24
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.39	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.49	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	25.43	5.91	32.37	26.65	27.46
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.57	3.88	25.95	21.71	22.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.41	67.79	67.64	73.75	72.88
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.65	3.07	6.81	1.91	2.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.73	0.59	1.04	0.69	0.74
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.25	2.08	9.86	4.87	5.58
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.00	4.21	14.19	6.16	7.29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.34	2.91	6.45	1.59	2.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.01	2.06	9.67	4.60	5.31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.50	4.03	13.38	5.67	6.76
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.03	3.89	4.05
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20.50	17.53	17.95
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	11.18	13.91	13.52
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.06	3.15	3.84
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.90	9.91	6.05	6.60

171013

WEST REGION

Table 9 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the West Region, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7,994	543	2,113	5,338	7,451
Past Year Marijuana Use	10,447	804	2,878	6,764	9,642
Past Month Marijuana Use	6,768	446	1,902	4,419	6,321
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	16,855	1,419	1,136	14,300	15,436
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	774	295	340	139	479
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2,424	163	663	1,599	2,261
Past Year Cocaine Use	1,404	48	554	802	1,356
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	43,301	3,238	5,190	34,873	40,063
Past Year Heroin Use	201	3	50	148	197
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	52,918	3,733	6,836	42,349	49,185
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	3,071	221	694	2,156	2,850
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	32,098	538	4,582	26,978	31,560
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	15,003	302	3,020	11,681	14,701
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	29,469	2,575	3,311	23,583	26,894
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,640	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	1,038	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	12,152	268	2,234	9,650	11,883
Past Month Cigarette Use	10,018	186	1,817	8,016	9,833
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	47,855	4,126	5,959	37,771	43,730
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2,053	238	656	1,158	1,814
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	439	34	88	318	406
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	3,892	141	908	2,843	3,751
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	5,230	321	1,286	3,624	4,909
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	1,890	240	611	1,039	1,650
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	3,792	132	925	2,735	3,660
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	4,986	305	1,218	3,463	4,681
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	470	1,875	2,345
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	1,942	8,663	10,605
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	938	6,557	7,495
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	761	1,706	2,467
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	791	911	2,885	3,796

171013

WEST REGION

Table 10 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the West Region, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.62	9.14	25.25	10.89	12.98
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.49	13.55	34.39	13.79	16.80
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.68	7.52	22.73	9.01	11.01
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.59	23.90	13.58	29.16	26.87
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.24	5.75	8.18	0.53	1.62
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.83	2.74	7.92	3.26	3.94
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.22	0.81	6.61	1.64	2.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.37	54.52	62.01	71.12	69.78
Past Year Heroin Use	0.32	0.05	0.59	0.30	0.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.57	62.86	81.68	86.36	85.68
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.85	3.72	8.29	4.40	4.97
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.67	9.06	54.76	55.01	54.98
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.68	5.09	36.08	23.82	25.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.52	43.36	39.56	48.09	46.84
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.18	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.50	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	19.18	4.52	26.69	19.68	20.70
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.82	3.13	21.72	16.35	17.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	75.55	69.47	71.20	77.03	76.17
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.24	4.01	7.84	2.36	3.16
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.69	0.57	1.05	0.65	0.71
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.14	2.38	10.85	5.80	6.53
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.26	5.40	15.36	7.39	8.55
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.98	4.05	7.30	2.12	2.87
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.99	2.23	11.06	5.58	6.38
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.87	5.13	14.56	7.06	8.15
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.62	3.82	4.09
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	23.21	17.67	18.48
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	11.21	13.37	13.06
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.09	3.48	4.30
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.32	10.89	5.88	6.61

171013

ALABAMA

Table 11 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alabama, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	289	26	88	174	262
Past Year Marijuana Use	386	38	135	212	348
Past Month Marijuana Use	213	20	74	119	193
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,413	130	92	1,191	1,283
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	41	15	21	5	26
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	136	8	43	85	128
Past Year Cocaine Use	49	1	15	32	48
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,186	227	383	2,576	2,959
Past Year Heroin Use	13	0	4	9	13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,579	256	448	2,875	3,323
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	209	19	53	137	190
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,656	31	265	1,361	1,626
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	861	17	175	669	844
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,891	168	209	1,514	1,723
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	103	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	65	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,169	29	190	951	1,140
Past Month Cigarette Use	920	18	144	758	901
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,854	257	334	2,262	2,597
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	121	10	40	71	111
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	38	2	8	28	36
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	169	6	47	115	163
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	258	15	72	171	243
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	107	10	37	60	98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	164	7	45	111	157
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	238	13	68	157	225
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	27	129	156
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	105	575	680
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	55	423	478
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	38	94	132
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	42	52	193	245

171013

ALABAMA

Table 12 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alabama, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7.10	6.99	16.91	5.50	7.12
Past Year Marijuana Use	9.50	10.11	25.90	6.72	9.44
Past Month Marijuana Use	5.25	5.20	14.25	3.77	5.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	34.79	34.45	17.52	37.71	34.82
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.53	4.19	6.39	0.27	1.12
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.35	2.10	8.14	2.70	3.47
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.21	0.33	2.96	1.02	1.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	78.48	60.04	73.25	81.54	80.35
Past Year Heroin Use	0.31	0.01	0.68	0.29	0.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.18	67.66	85.75	91.00	90.25
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	5.14	5.05	10.11	4.33	5.15
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	40.79	8.08	50.76	43.06	44.16
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	21.21	4.45	33.51	21.18	22.93
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.56	44.37	39.94	47.93	46.79
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.32	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.94	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	28.79	7.65	36.26	30.09	30.96
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.65	4.83	27.51	23.98	24.48
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.28	67.98	63.96	71.60	70.52
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.99	2.74	7.68	2.24	3.01
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.94	0.47	1.49	0.90	0.98
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.16	1.67	9.08	3.64	4.42
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.35	3.87	13.79	5.41	6.60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.64	2.52	7.15	1.91	2.66
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.03	1.79	8.70	3.52	4.26
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	5.86	3.42	13.08	4.96	6.11
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.07	4.09	4.23
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20.07	18.20	18.47
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	10.60	13.38	12.98
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.27	2.96	3.57
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.18	9.99	6.12	6.66

171013

ALASKA

Table 13 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alaska, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	103	8	24	71	95
Past Year Marijuana Use	134	11	34	89	123
Past Month Marijuana Use	93	6	22	65	87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	106	11	10	85	95
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	8	3	3	1	5
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	22	2	6	14	20
Past Year Cocaine Use	12	1	5	7	12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	391	32	50	309	359
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	1	3	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	482	37	65	380	446
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	29	2	7	19	26
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	307	6	47	254	301
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	145	3	31	111	142
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	243	23	28	192	220
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	173	6	30	137	167
Past Month Cigarette Use	136	4	24	107	132
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	411	36	53	321	375
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	25	3	7	15	22
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	4	0	1	3	4
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	40	2	8	30	38
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	56	5	13	38	51
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	20	3	7	11	17
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	38	1	8	29	37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	51	3	11	37	48
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6	18	24
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22	83	105
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	11	60	71
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9	18	27
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	9	10	28	39

171013

ALASKA

Table 14 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Alaska, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	17.62	13.22	29.81	15.97	18.11
Past Year Marijuana Use	23.00	18.86	41.88	20.09	23.46
Past Month Marijuana Use	16.03	10.43	27.65	14.65	16.66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.17	18.88	11.95	19.24	18.09
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.56	7.79	10.76	0.81	2.51
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.84	3.62	7.97	3.11	3.86
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.12	0.89	5.83	1.61	2.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.96	53.40	62.37	69.59	68.47
Past Year Heroin Use	0.75	0.09	1.33	0.73	0.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.71	62.05	81.64	85.62	85.00
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.95	4.04	9.19	4.30	5.05
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.72	10.23	58.93	57.24	57.50
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	24.96	5.59	38.37	25.08	27.14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.66	39.14	34.77	43.27	41.95
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.08	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.07	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	29.64	9.68	37.95	30.78	31.89
Past Month Cigarette Use	23.35	7.20	30.46	24.19	25.16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.37	60.68	66.46	72.37	71.45
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	4.32	4.80	8.81	3.44	4.27
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.76	0.62	1.10	0.72	0.78
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.82	2.59	10.45	6.72	7.30
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	9.58	8.33	15.85	8.60	9.72
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	3.45	4.42	8.30	2.43	3.34
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.54	2.28	10.06	6.47	7.02
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.78	5.83	13.59	8.30	9.12
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	7.17	4.04	4.53
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	27.17	18.70	20.01
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.38	13.57	13.54
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.76	3.94	5.15
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	15.22	12.85	6.40	7.39

171013

ARIZONA

Table 15 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arizona, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	568	48	157	363	520
Past Year Marijuana Use	696	65	214	417	631
Past Month Marijuana Use	422	37	133	252	385
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,638	149	109	1,380	1,489
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	64	25	27	12	39
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	223	15	57	151	208
Past Year Cocaine Use	118	4	46	67	113
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,977	305	474	3,198	3,673
Past Year Heroin Use	26	0	7	19	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,818	358	616	3,844	4,460
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	267	23	59	185	244
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,901	44	403	2,454	2,857
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,285	24	256	1,005	1,260
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,724	255	289	2,180	2,469
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	132	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,230	24	225	981	1,206
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,024	16	178	830	1,008
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,202	379	512	3,310	3,822
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	198	26	65	108	172
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	43	4	8	31	39
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	304	13	85	206	292
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	431	31	124	276	400
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	165	26	59	80	139
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	290	12	86	191	278
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	416	29	116	271	387
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	41	167	208
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	154	748	902
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	78	533	611
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	67	140	206
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	64	64	246	310

171013

ARIZONA

Table 16 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arizona, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.97	8.79	21.05	8.24	10.10
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.22	11.86	28.68	9.48	12.26
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.42	6.75	17.81	5.74	7.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.75	27.10	14.64	31.37	28.92
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.01	5.12	7.31	0.50	1.46
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.92	2.72	7.62	3.44	4.05
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.07	0.79	6.22	1.52	2.20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.86	55.56	63.55	72.70	71.37
Past Year Heroin Use	0.45	0.03	0.88	0.43	0.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.64	65.29	82.60	87.36	86.67
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.69	4.21	7.92	4.20	4.74
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.94	7.95	54.01	55.78	55.53
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	22.56	4.43	34.25	22.84	24.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.83	46.50	38.70	49.56	47.98
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.74	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.44	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	21.60	4.35	30.19	22.29	23.44
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.98	2.94	23.81	18.87	19.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.79	69.14	68.63	75.24	74.28
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.48	4.69	8.68	2.44	3.35
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.75	0.65	1.14	0.70	0.76
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.34	2.28	11.46	4.68	5.66
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.57	5.62	16.66	6.28	7.78
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.89	4.75	7.91	1.81	2.69
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.09	2.24	11.54	4.35	5.39
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.30	5.23	15.59	6.15	7.52
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.52	3.79	4.04
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20.65	16.99	17.52
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	10.44	12.12	11.87
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.92	3.18	4.01
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.68	8.61	5.60	6.03

171013

ARKANSAS

Table 17 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arkansas, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	219	18	57	144	201
Past Year Marijuana Use	274	25	83	166	249
Past Month Marijuana Use	172	13	49	110	159
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	774	74	54	646	700
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	25	10	12	3	15
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	81	8	21	53	74
Past Year Cocaine Use	30	1	10	19	29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,908	141	236	1,531	1,767
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	3	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,129	158	271	1,701	1,972
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	121	11	26	83	109
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	988	21	157	810	967
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	500	12	105	383	488
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,072	106	112	854	967
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	52	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	33	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	773	18	117	639	756
Past Month Cigarette Use	638	13	95	530	625
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,719	158	212	1,349	1,561
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	63	7	18	37	55
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	20	1	3	15	18
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	123	5	31	86	118
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	164	10	42	113	155
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	54	7	18	30	48
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	109	5	29	74	104
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	149	9	42	98	139
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	19	102	121
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	73	395	468
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	41	305	346
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	27	72	100
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	31	34	147	181

171013

ARKANSAS

Table 18 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Arkansas, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.90	7.60	17.97	7.55	9.04
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.14	10.69	26.24	8.68	11.18
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.98	5.59	15.49	5.74	7.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	31.41	31.12	16.91	33.88	31.44
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.72	4.56	6.71	0.31	1.23
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.30	3.22	6.47	2.78	3.31
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.23	0.47	3.15	1.01	1.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	77.49	59.64	74.13	80.24	79.36
Past Year Heroin Use	0.20	0.05	0.45	0.18	0.22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.48	66.62	85.07	89.14	88.56
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.89	4.67	8.28	4.36	4.92
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	40.14	8.93	49.43	42.45	43.45
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	20.29	4.99	32.92	20.08	21.91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.53	44.59	35.27	44.78	43.42
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.18	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.84	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	31.40	7.40	36.64	33.50	33.95
Past Month Cigarette Use	25.90	5.30	29.90	27.79	28.09
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.81	66.84	66.58	70.72	70.12
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.54	3.07	5.73	1.94	2.48
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.80	0.60	1.09	0.78	0.82
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.98	2.14	9.82	4.52	5.28
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.67	4.16	13.13	5.91	6.94
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.21	2.80	5.51	1.59	2.15
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.41	2.09	9.21	3.90	4.66
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.03	3.89	13.06	5.13	6.26
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.98	5.36	5.45
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.88	20.71	21.02
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.89	15.97	15.54
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.60	3.78	4.47
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.05	10.60	7.72	8.13

171013

CALIFORNIA

Table 19 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in California, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	4,097	270	1,133	2,694	3,827
Past Year Marijuana Use	5,296	402	1,495	3,399	4,894
Past Month Marijuana Use	3,429	223	1,016	2,190	3,206
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	9,592	723	630	8,239	8,869
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	385	150	169	66	235
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	1,302	81	361	859	1,220
Past Year Cocaine Use	790	23	315	452	767
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	22,481	1,662	2,747	18,072	20,819
Past Year Heroin Use	77	1	19	57	76
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	27,396	1,906	3,610	21,880	25,491
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	1,530	106	353	1,070	1,423
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	16,226	276	2,380	13,570	15,951
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	7,822	155	1,583	6,084	7,667
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	15,952	1,336	1,842	12,773	14,616
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	843	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	533	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	5,540	119	1,017	4,405	5,421
Past Month Cigarette Use	4,667	81	850	3,736	4,586
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	25,519	2,148	3,272	20,098	23,370
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	1,068	120	346	602	949
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	206	17	38	151	188
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	2,088	71	468	1,549	2,017
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	2,757	154	659	1,944	2,603
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	1,015	122	326	567	893
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	2,039	66	492	1,481	1,973
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	2,639	154	634	1,850	2,484
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	222	845	1,068
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	977	4,095	5,072
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	418	3,009	3,427
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	376	797	1,173
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	393	468	1,318	1,786

171013

CALIFORNIA

Table 20 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in California, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.56	8.89	25.75	10.70	12.94
Past Year Marijuana Use	16.23	13.23	33.98	13.50	16.54
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.51	7.33	23.09	8.70	10.84
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	29.38	23.78	14.32	32.71	29.96
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.08	5.68	7.57	0.48	1.48
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.99	2.67	8.21	3.41	4.12
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.42	0.75	7.16	1.80	2.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.92	54.68	62.42	71.76	70.37
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.04	0.43	0.23	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.00	62.70	82.06	86.88	86.16
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.69	3.50	8.03	4.25	4.81
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	49.74	9.08	54.10	53.88	53.91
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.97	5.10	35.97	24.16	25.91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.89	43.97	41.87	50.72	49.40
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.87	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.29	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	16.98	3.91	23.10	17.49	18.32
Past Month Cigarette Use	14.30	2.66	19.32	14.84	15.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	78.22	70.69	74.37	79.81	78.99
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.27	3.94	7.87	2.39	3.21
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.63	0.57	0.86	0.60	0.64
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.40	2.33	10.64	6.15	6.82
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.45	5.07	14.97	7.72	8.80
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	3.11	4.03	7.41	2.25	3.02
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.25	2.16	11.17	5.88	6.67
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.09	5.08	14.40	7.35	8.40
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.05	3.36	3.61
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.21	16.26	17.15
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	9.51	11.95	11.59
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.54	3.17	3.96
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.93	10.65	5.23	6.04

171013

COLORADO

Table 21 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Colorado, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	785	43	206	537	743
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,057	68	284	705	988
Past Month Marijuana Use	728	38	192	497	689
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	798	75	50	673	722
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	77	26	38	13	51
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	172	12	52	109	161
Past Year Cocaine Use	111	4	49	57	106
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,004	224	340	2,441	2,781
Past Year Heroin Use	16	0	4	12	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,771	258	476	3,037	3,513
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	238	18	57	162	219
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,628	43	380	2,205	2,586
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,212	24	261	926	1,187
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,907	172	192	1,543	1,734
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	142	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	90	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	967	20	196	751	947
Past Month Cigarette Use	766	14	153	599	752
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,377	289	400	2,688	3,088
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	138	16	47	75	122
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	36	2	9	25	33
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	293	11	69	213	282
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	388	28	100	260	360
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	131	17	44	71	114
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	296	10	69	217	286
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	378	23	98	257	355
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	40	152	191
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	153	679	832
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	86	572	658
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	57	146	203
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	62	76	241	316

171013

COLORADO

Table 22 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Colorado, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	17.18	10.14	34.49	15.11	17.90
Past Year Marijuana Use	23.12	16.21	47.54	19.85	23.82
Past Month Marijuana Use	15.92	9.08	32.20	14.00	16.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	17.44	17.87	8.33	18.94	17.39
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.84	7.74	15.97	0.83	2.99
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.77	2.74	8.77	3.06	3.88
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.42	1.01	8.18	1.62	2.56
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.76	53.03	57.01	68.72	67.03
Past Year Heroin Use	0.35	0.03	0.66	0.34	0.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.56	61.33	79.79	85.50	84.68
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	5.20	4.39	9.61	4.56	5.29
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	57.53	10.16	63.75	62.10	62.33
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	26.52	5.75	43.80	26.08	28.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.73	40.90	32.12	43.44	41.81
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.48	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.66	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	21.16	4.64	32.83	21.16	22.83
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.76	3.44	25.62	16.86	18.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.90	68.48	67.13	75.68	74.45
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.02	3.84	7.83	2.12	2.94
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.78	0.55	1.44	0.70	0.81
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.41	2.60	11.53	6.00	6.79
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.49	6.73	16.77	7.32	8.67
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.88	4.05	7.33	1.99	2.76
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.48	2.44	11.59	6.10	6.89
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.27	5.49	16.35	7.24	8.55
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.65	4.27	4.61
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	25.63	19.11	20.05
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	14.38	16.10	15.86
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.56	4.10	4.88
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	14.59	12.66	6.78	7.62

171013

CONNECTICUT

Table 23 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Connecticut, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	335	27	112	196	308
Past Year Marijuana Use	461	39	169	252	421
Past Month Marijuana Use	286	22	105	159	264
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	726	69	44	613	657
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	36	14	17	6	22
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	112	7	36	69	105
Past Year Cocaine Use	76	2	35	39	74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,101	154	232	1,715	1,947
Past Year Heroin Use	22	0	5	17	21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,597	183	316	2,097	2,413
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	134	10	28	97	125
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,805	31	262	1,512	1,774
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	826	17	179	630	809
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,312	121	126	1,065	1,191
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	116	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	73	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	680	15	131	533	665
Past Month Cigarette Use	548	10	106	432	539
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,294	199	272	1,822	2,094
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	111	11	39	60	99
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	21	2	3	16	20
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	207	8	44	155	199
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	280	14	71	195	266
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	100	10	33	56	89
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	197	7	42	148	190
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	259	14	65	179	244
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21	78	100
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	91	408	500
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	59	414	473
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	33	71	104
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	35	46	144	190

171013

CONNECTICUT

Table 24 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Connecticut, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.95	9.48	28.86	8.21	11.10
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.08	14.11	43.54	10.57	15.18
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.36	7.95	26.94	6.66	9.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.76	24.73	11.29	25.69	23.66
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.31	5.78	9.91	0.49	1.68
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.68	2.65	9.27	2.89	3.78
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.48	0.62	9.07	1.62	2.66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.78	55.12	59.81	71.82	70.13
Past Year Heroin Use	0.71	0.07	1.21	0.70	0.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.01	65.55	81.40	87.85	86.94
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.39	3.44	7.18	4.05	4.49
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	59.09	11.21	67.37	63.34	63.91
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	27.03	6.09	46.05	26.39	29.14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.93	43.21	32.40	44.61	42.90
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	26.24	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.60	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.25	5.40	33.85	22.33	23.95
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.95	3.54	27.43	18.10	19.40
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	75.07	71.27	70.14	76.32	75.45
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.62	4.03	10.06	2.53	3.58
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.70	0.59	0.87	0.69	0.71
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.78	2.82	11.34	6.50	7.18
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	9.17	5.00	18.42	8.16	9.59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	3.26	3.70	8.55	2.35	3.21
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.45	2.62	10.72	6.20	6.83
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.47	5.17	16.77	7.51	8.81
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.44	3.28	3.59
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	23.48	17.11	18.00
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	15.28	17.33	17.05
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.56	2.98	3.76
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.52	11.73	6.05	6.84

171013

DELAWARE

Table 25 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Delaware, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	82	7	25	51	75
Past Year Marijuana Use	105	10	35	61	95
Past Month Marijuana Use	71	5	23	43	66
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	212	17	12	183	195
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	8	4	4	1	5
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	28	2	7	19	26
Past Year Cocaine Use	15	0	6	9	15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	573	37	64	472	536
Past Year Heroin Use	6	0	1	4	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	688	44	81	564	644
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	36	2	7	26	33
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	416	6	56	354	409
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	181	3	38	140	178
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	349	31	38	281	318
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	180	3	29	148	177
Past Month Cigarette Use	152	2	23	127	150
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	575	47	68	460	528
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	24	2	8	14	22
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	6	0	1	4	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	49	1	10	37	48
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	63	3	16	45	60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	21	2	7	12	18
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	46	1	10	34	44
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	58	3	14	40	55
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6	25	31
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21	108	129
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12	98	110
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9	23	32
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	8	10	38	48

171013

DELAWARE

Table 26 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Delaware, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.25	9.50	25.33	8.01	10.32
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.18	14.37	35.82	9.57	13.07
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.88	7.35	23.29	6.83	9.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.54	24.10	12.77	28.94	26.77
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.93	5.88	7.76	0.37	1.30
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.47	2.48	7.22	3.00	3.56
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.93	0.41	6.10	1.46	2.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.79	54.21	66.07	74.59	73.44
Past Year Heroin Use	0.73	0.09	1.49	0.68	0.79
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.20	63.66	82.93	89.14	88.31
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.45	3.07	7.34	4.16	4.58
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.04	9.05	57.10	55.96	56.11
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	22.63	4.61	38.98	22.09	24.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.71	44.38	38.74	44.40	43.64
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.03	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.28	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.55	4.68	29.86	23.37	24.24
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.03	3.22	23.53	20.07	20.53
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.98	68.02	70.32	72.66	72.35
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.05	3.22	8.01	2.27	3.04
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.74	0.49	1.08	0.71	0.76
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.13	2.08	10.54	5.89	6.51
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.92	4.32	16.03	7.06	8.26
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.58	3.26	6.85	1.85	2.51
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.73	1.96	10.68	5.38	6.09
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.22	4.29	14.83	6.37	7.50
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.91	3.97	4.23
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.60	17.11	17.71
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.18	15.50	15.06
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.13	3.62	4.35
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.94	10.34	5.94	6.52

171013

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 27 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the District of Columbia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	98	3	33	61	94
Past Year Marijuana Use	143	4	48	91	138
Past Month Marijuana Use	81	2	30	48	79
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	98	6	9	83	92
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	8	2	5	2	6
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	28	1	9	18	27
Past Year Cocaine Use	20	0	6	14	20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	354	17	52	285	337
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	0	2	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	482	20	75	387	462
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	26	1	6	19	25
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	397	3	69	325	394
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	219	2	50	167	217
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	243	14	32	196	228
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	130	1	26	102	128
Past Month Cigarette Use	106	1	20	85	105
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	444	19	68	357	425
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	18	1	6	11	17
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	3	0	1	2	3
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	49	1	12	36	49
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	60	2	17	41	58
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	17	1	6	10	16
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	46	1	13	32	46
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	57	1	16	39	55
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5	16	21
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20	83	103
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12	71	83
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7	16	23
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	3	11	29	40

171013

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table 28 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in the District of Columbia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	16.88	10.38	35.22	13.53	17.24
Past Year Marijuana Use	24.68	13.58	51.00	19.99	25.30
Past Month Marijuana Use	14.08	8.07	32.39	10.70	14.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	16.97	19.61	9.84	18.28	16.81
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.66	6.85	14.69	0.99	3.24
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.79	2.18	10.02	3.89	4.94
Past Year Cocaine Use	3.46	0.18	6.75	3.00	3.64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	61.35	54.72	55.51	62.99	61.71
Past Year Heroin Use	0.44	0.02	0.23	0.51	0.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.38	64.21	79.76	85.40	84.43
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.50	2.89	6.89	4.12	4.59
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	68.65	9.70	73.63	71.64	71.98
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	37.90	5.56	53.48	36.88	39.72
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.99	46.20	34.34	43.29	41.75
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	26.93	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.62	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.43	4.35	28.28	22.46	23.45
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.36	2.05	21.72	18.79	19.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	76.92	62.78	72.67	78.75	77.71
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.09	3.40	6.14	2.43	3.07
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.55	0.45	0.68	0.54	0.56
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	8.53	1.88	13.17	8.03	8.91
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	10.33	5.72	18.19	9.02	10.59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.92	3.08	5.97	2.28	2.91
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	8.03	1.78	14.29	7.16	8.38
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	9.80	4.61	17.45	8.57	10.09
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.38	3.61	3.92
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.11	18.35	18.82
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.90	15.65	15.18
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.93	3.46	4.22
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	9.91	11.88	6.34	7.28

171013

FLORIDA

Table 29 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Florida, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,696	121	431	1,145	1,575
Past Year Marijuana Use	2,275	179	664	1,432	2,096
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,331	99	391	842	1,232
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	5,664	374	328	4,961	5,290
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	171	70	75	26	101
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	595	40	125	430	555
Past Year Cocaine Use	283	6	105	171	277
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	13,128	834	1,359	10,935	12,294
Past Year Heroin Use	41	3	11	27	38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	15,256	956	1,661	12,639	14,300
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	706	48	126	532	658
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	9,301	129	1,134	8,038	9,172
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	4,410	69	735	3,606	4,341
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	8,206	633	801	6,772	7,573
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	443	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	263	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	3,583	62	520	3,000	3,520
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,892	41	401	2,450	2,851
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	13,442	1,003	1,414	11,025	12,439
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	427	47	136	244	381
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	117	8	20	88	108
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	980	31	196	753	949
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	1,237	60	291	885	1,176
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	394	46	126	222	348
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	910	30	188	691	880
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	1,168	60	274	834	1,108
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	100	470	570
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	406	2,363	2,769
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	199	1,840	2,039
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	160	375	535
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	180	205	774	979

171013

FLORIDA

Table 30 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Florida, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.75	8.58	21.84	8.16	9.85
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.07	12.72	33.66	10.21	13.10
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.65	7.03	19.82	6.00	7.70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	32.52	26.58	16.66	35.37	33.04
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.66	5.62	7.31	0.32	1.12
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.42	2.86	6.35	3.06	3.47
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.63	0.45	5.35	1.22	1.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.42	59.31	68.92	77.95	76.82
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.22	0.58	0.19	0.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.67	67.97	84.27	90.09	89.37
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.06	3.42	6.40	3.79	4.11
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	53.43	9.15	57.50	57.30	57.33
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	25.34	4.93	37.28	25.70	27.14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.14	45.02	40.64	48.27	47.33
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.64	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.26	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	20.59	4.44	26.37	21.39	22.00
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.62	2.93	20.36	17.46	17.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	77.23	71.33	71.73	78.59	77.74
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.45	3.31	6.90	1.74	2.38
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.67	0.60	1.04	0.62	0.68
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.63	2.20	9.94	5.36	5.93
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.11	4.30	14.76	6.31	7.35
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.27	3.29	6.40	1.58	2.17
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.23	2.14	9.56	4.93	5.50
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.71	4.29	13.90	5.94	6.93
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.06	3.35	3.56
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20.57	16.84	17.30
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	10.09	13.12	12.75
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.12	2.67	3.34
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.84	10.40	5.52	6.12

171013

GEORGIA

Table 31 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Georgia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	791	67	230	493	724
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,048	93	338	617	955
Past Month Marijuana Use	607	55	201	351	552
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,608	269	169	2,170	2,340
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	91	36	43	12	55
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	297	22	77	198	275
Past Year Cocaine Use	160	3	51	106	157
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,404	510	797	5,096	5,893
Past Year Heroin Use	14	0	4	10	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,330	599	945	5,787	6,732
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	345	30	78	237	315
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,859	59	599	3,201	3,800
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,812	33	376	1,404	1,779
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,881	425	463	2,993	3,457
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	195	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	119	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	2,083	50	351	1,682	2,033
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,659	32	280	1,347	1,627
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	6,084	588	744	4,752	5,496
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	213	22	64	126	191
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	61	5	10	46	56
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	377	15	97	265	362
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	526	32	137	356	494
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	196	22	64	109	174
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	364	15	98	250	348
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	499	30	128	341	470
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	50	265	315
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	210	1,131	1,341
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	105	804	909
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	78	220	298
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	87	104	404	508

171013

GEORGIA

Table 32 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Georgia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.40	7.88	20.71	7.66	9.58
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.46	10.90	30.40	9.57	12.64
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.22	6.40	18.12	5.45	7.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	30.99	31.44	15.24	33.68	30.94
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.76	4.62	7.07	0.29	1.25
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.53	2.55	6.93	3.07	3.64
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.90	0.36	4.61	1.64	2.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	76.15	59.66	71.67	79.09	77.99
Past Year Heroin Use	0.17	0.03	0.35	0.15	0.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.18	69.98	84.97	89.81	89.09
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.10	3.49	6.98	3.68	4.17
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	45.88	6.90	53.90	49.67	50.30
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	21.54	3.83	33.79	21.78	23.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.14	49.66	41.67	46.45	45.74
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.73	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.61	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	24.76	5.82	31.56	26.10	26.90
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.72	3.73	25.15	20.91	21.53
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.33	68.70	66.87	73.75	72.74
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.54	2.62	5.80	1.96	2.53
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.72	0.58	0.87	0.71	0.74
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.48	1.73	8.76	4.11	4.79
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.25	3.74	12.36	5.53	6.54
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.32	2.57	5.76	1.70	2.30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.33	1.81	8.81	3.89	4.61
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	5.93	3.45	11.53	5.30	6.22
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4.49	4.11	4.17
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	18.88	17.55	17.74
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	9.43	12.48	12.03
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.02	3.41	3.94
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10.14	9.39	6.26	6.72

171013

HAWAII

Table 33 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Hawaii, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	119	8	28	83	111
Past Year Marijuana Use	151	13	38	100	138
Past Month Marijuana Use	95	6	25	63	88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	342	25	20	297	317
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	12	5	5	2	7
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	37	3	10	24	34
Past Year Cocaine Use	23	1	7	15	22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	790	54	87	649	737
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	1	2	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	953	61	111	781	892
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	45	3	10	32	42
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	509	9	70	430	501
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	239	5	46	188	234
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	556	45	55	455	511
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	27	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	212	4	35	173	208
Past Month Cigarette Use	172	3	31	138	169
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	840	64	91	685	776
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	31	3	10	18	28
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	6	0	1	5	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	58	2	13	42	56
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	81	4	20	56	77
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	27	3	9	15	24
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	56	2	15	39	54
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	75	4	19	52	71
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6	27	34
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	29	137	165
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12	84	96
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12	28	40
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11	13	44	57

171013

HAWAII

Table 34 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Hawaii, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.29	8.40	20.93	8.92	10.46
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.05	13.38	28.07	10.82	13.02
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.18	6.63	18.66	6.81	8.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	29.55	26.16	14.69	32.09	29.85
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.96	6.56	8.25	0.42	1.31
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.21	3.11	7.38	2.61	3.22
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.98	0.84	5.01	1.65	2.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.25	55.60	64.47	70.11	69.38
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.01	0.72	0.20	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	82.32	63.33	82.05	84.31	84.02
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	3.87	3.16	7.01	3.48	3.93
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	43.98	9.10	52.01	46.44	47.15
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	20.61	4.89	33.73	20.32	22.04
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.02	47.04	40.79	49.18	48.11
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.19	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	18.32	4.04	25.73	18.72	19.61
Past Month Cigarette Use	14.86	2.98	22.86	14.92	15.93
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.51	65.84	66.99	74.01	73.11
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.67	3.25	7.54	1.89	2.61
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.53	0.43	0.84	0.50	0.54
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.01	2.35	9.86	4.58	5.25
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.99	4.28	14.98	6.10	7.23
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.37	3.39	6.95	1.59	2.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.85	2.12	10.86	4.26	5.10
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.51	4.47	14.15	5.60	6.70
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4.70	2.96	3.18
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.10	14.74	15.55
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	8.91	9.04	9.03
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.99	3.03	3.79
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10.99	9.43	4.78	5.37

171013

IDAHO

Table 35 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Idaho, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	123	12	31	80	111
Past Year Marijuana Use	158	17	44	97	141
Past Month Marijuana Use	94	8	26	60	86
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	380	45	28	307	335
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	15	6	7	2	9
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	45	4	12	28	41
Past Year Cocaine Use	17	1	7	9	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	963	82	114	766	880
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	1	3	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,139	96	138	904	1,042
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	69	6	17	46	63
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	607	13	84	510	594
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	284	7	56	221	277
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	594	63	67	464	531
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	36	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	286	8	55	223	278
Past Month Cigarette Use	234	7	43	184	227
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	978	99	117	762	878
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	38	5	12	21	33
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	12	1	3	8	11
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	75	4	19	53	72
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	104	8	25	71	96
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	35	5	12	18	30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	71	4	17	51	67
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	96	7	24	65	89
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	12	49	60
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	44	218	262
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	29	173	202
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	16	42	59
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	23	20	73	92

171013

IDAHO

Table 36 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Idaho, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.02	7.94	17.63	7.72	9.15
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.62	11.73	25.36	9.30	11.61
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.93	5.77	14.70	5.79	7.07
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.92	30.91	15.74	29.58	27.56
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.80	4.20	6.28	0.39	1.31
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.31	2.95	7.11	2.72	3.35
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.26	0.83	3.84	0.88	1.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.78	56.18	64.93	73.82	72.53
Past Year Heroin Use	0.33	0.09	0.64	0.31	0.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.74	65.62	79.03	87.07	85.90
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	5.09	4.08	9.77	4.45	5.21
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	44.62	8.93	47.92	49.13	48.95
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	20.87	4.95	31.87	21.28	22.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.68	42.91	38.21	44.72	43.77
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.74	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.65	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	21.04	5.70	31.23	21.50	22.90
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.17	4.49	24.66	17.71	18.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.86	67.70	66.60	73.34	72.37
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.81	3.46	6.79	2.05	2.73
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.85	0.57	1.45	0.79	0.88
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.54	2.56	10.70	5.09	5.90
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.63	5.39	14.23	6.83	7.90
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.56	3.49	6.73	1.73	2.45
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.21	2.47	9.48	4.88	5.55
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.06	4.79	13.81	6.25	7.34
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.70	4.69	4.98
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	25.08	21.03	21.62
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	16.47	16.67	16.64
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.36	4.08	4.84
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	15.93	11.17	7.02	7.62

171013

ILLINOIS

Table 37 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Illinois, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	997	82	321	595	916
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,320	121	447	753	1,199
Past Month Marijuana Use	847	68	287	492	779
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	3,071	279	194	2,599	2,793
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	114	45	56	14	69
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	348	26	118	205	323
Past Year Cocaine Use	186	5	68	113	181
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	7,716	560	882	6,275	7,156
Past Year Heroin Use	27	0	7	20	27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	9,207	642	1,134	7,431	8,565
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	435	41	113	282	395
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	5,726	98	834	4,794	5,628
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	2,814	60	591	2,163	2,754
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,688	417	472	3,799	4,271
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	318	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	213	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	2,439	61	433	1,945	2,378
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,009	40	363	1,606	1,969
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	7,823	697	946	6,180	7,126
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	277	33	88	156	245
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	68	7	11	50	61
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	601	23	150	428	578
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	810	53	203	554	757
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	259	29	80	150	230
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	583	22	145	416	561
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	759	46	191	522	713
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	71	291	363
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	267	1,260	1,526
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	171	1,153	1,324
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	116	261	377
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	126	131	414	545

171013

ILLINOIS

Table 38 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Illinois, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.30	8.05	23.37	7.14	9.43
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.31	11.87	32.55	9.03	12.36
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.90	6.71	20.87	5.91	8.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.63	27.44	14.11	31.20	28.76
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.84	5.04	7.90	0.31	1.30
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.25	2.54	8.57	2.46	3.32
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.74	0.53	4.92	1.36	1.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.99	55.13	64.22	75.31	73.73
Past Year Heroin Use	0.25	0.04	0.49	0.24	0.27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.91	63.19	82.62	89.19	88.26
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.06	3.99	8.22	3.38	4.07
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	53.41	9.66	60.76	57.53	57.99
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	26.25	5.92	43.08	25.96	28.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.73	41.10	34.37	45.60	44.01
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.56	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.75	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.76	6.04	31.53	23.35	24.51
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.74	3.93	26.46	19.28	20.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.98	68.62	68.93	74.17	73.43
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.59	3.21	6.44	1.87	2.52
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.63	0.66	0.83	0.60	0.63
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.60	2.25	10.91	5.14	5.96
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.55	5.21	14.78	6.65	7.80
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.42	2.88	5.85	1.80	2.37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.44	2.18	10.60	4.99	5.78
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.08	4.53	13.90	6.27	7.35
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.20	3.49	3.74
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	19.43	15.12	15.73
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.44	13.84	13.64
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.45	3.14	3.89
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.46	9.54	4.97	5.62

171013

INDIANA

Table 39 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Indiana, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	549	46	162	341	503
Past Year Marijuana Use	733	73	226	435	661
Past Month Marijuana Use	481	39	146	296	442
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,396	145	94	1,157	1,251
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	66	26	31	9	40
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	184	16	54	114	168
Past Year Cocaine Use	73	3	29	40	70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,011	305	497	3,209	3,706
Past Year Heroin Use	24	0	6	17	23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,712	355	619	3,738	4,357
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	270	25	73	172	246
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,774	50	442	2,282	2,724
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,287	30	282	975	1,257
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,307	222	249	1,836	2,085
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	175	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	116	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,578	42	278	1,259	1,537
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,254	30	210	1,013	1,224
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,770	356	471	2,943	3,414
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	136	17	44	75	119
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	42	3	9	30	39
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	294	11	85	198	283
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	391	23	110	258	368
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	124	16	40	68	108
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	275	11	75	188	264
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	361	22	104	235	339
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	48	196	244
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	185	804	988
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	104	658	761
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	68	159	227
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	79	92	289	381

171013

INDIANA

Table 40 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Indiana, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.00	8.56	21.86	8.09	10.15
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.35	13.47	30.41	10.32	13.33
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.75	7.23	19.60	7.03	8.91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.39	26.86	12.60	27.48	25.23
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.15	5.55	7.88	0.40	1.52
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.35	2.90	7.30	2.71	3.40
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.32	0.53	3.94	0.96	1.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	73.01	56.55	66.88	76.18	74.78
Past Year Heroin Use	0.43	0.07	0.86	0.40	0.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.78	65.74	83.26	88.75	87.93
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.92	4.57	9.86	4.09	4.96
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.48	9.32	59.42	54.18	54.97
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.43	5.62	37.97	23.14	25.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.98	41.13	33.51	43.59	42.07
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.89	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.86	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	28.72	7.73	37.35	29.89	31.01
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.82	5.60	28.32	24.06	24.70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.61	65.98	63.33	69.88	68.89
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.47	3.13	5.89	1.78	2.40
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.77	0.57	1.17	0.72	0.79
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.36	2.07	11.44	4.71	5.72
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.12	4.23	14.81	6.13	7.43
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.26	2.91	5.38	1.62	2.19
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.00	2.09	10.11	4.47	5.32
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.56	4.06	13.96	5.58	6.83
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.49	4.66	4.93
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	24.86	19.08	19.95
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.97	15.61	15.36
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.12	3.78	4.58
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	14.70	12.37	6.87	7.69

171013

IOWA

Table 41 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Iowa, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	176	16	57	102	160
Past Year Marijuana Use	254	25	96	133	228
Past Month Marijuana Use	142	13	48	82	129
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	709	72	55	582	637
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	30	11	16	4	19
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	72	7	21	44	65
Past Year Cocaine Use	31	1	13	16	30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,862	139	228	1,496	1,723
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	2	3	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,167	158	286	1,723	2,009
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	105	10	26	70	96
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,494	23	234	1,237	1,471
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	758	15	168	575	743
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	915	92	100	723	823
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	67	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	48	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	722	16	136	570	706
Past Month Cigarette Use	560	11	107	443	549
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,711	160	220	1,331	1,551
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	59	7	21	31	51
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	17	1	3	13	16
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	167	6	43	118	161
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	201	12	52	138	190
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	55	6	19	30	49
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	164	6	40	118	158
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	189	11	51	127	178
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20	73	93
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	77	341	418
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	54	341	395
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	31	62	93
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	34	39	119	158

171013

IOWA

Table 42 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Iowa, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	6.76	6.75	16.01	5.11	6.77
Past Year Marijuana Use	9.75	10.48	26.60	6.65	9.68
Past Month Marijuana Use	5.47	5.38	13.25	4.09	5.48
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.22	29.42	15.37	29.10	26.99
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.83	4.45	7.77	0.31	1.40
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.77	2.78	5.90	2.21	2.77
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.19	0.58	3.75	0.80	1.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.58	57.10	63.34	74.80	73.05
Past Year Heroin Use	0.20	0.06	0.51	0.16	0.21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.31	65.07	79.54	86.16	85.15
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.05	3.97	7.27	3.48	4.06
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	57.42	9.42	65.17	61.86	62.36
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	29.14	6.15	46.79	28.77	31.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	35.16	37.66	27.88	36.16	34.90
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.07	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.63	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	27.73	6.54	37.94	28.48	29.92
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.54	4.60	29.66	22.14	23.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	65.76	65.75	61.23	66.58	65.76
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.25	2.99	5.72	1.54	2.17
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.67	0.52	0.96	0.64	0.69
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.42	2.46	11.95	5.91	6.83
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.73	4.78	14.35	6.90	8.03
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.12	2.56	5.34	1.49	2.08
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.28	2.31	11.06	5.91	6.69
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.26	4.34	14.26	6.36	7.56
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.59	3.63	3.93
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.52	17.04	17.72
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	14.91	17.07	16.75
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.74	3.08	3.94
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	14.09	10.82	5.96	6.69

171013

KANSAS

Table 43 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kansas, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	191	19	57	115	172
Past Year Marijuana Use	265	30	88	147	235
Past Month Marijuana Use	164	15	52	98	149
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	620	67	46	507	553
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	28	11	12	5	17
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	67	7	18	43	60
Past Year Cocaine Use	29	2	13	15	28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,731	134	226	1,370	1,596
Past Year Heroin Use	6	0	2	4	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,011	152	271	1,588	1,859
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	110	10	26	74	100
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,314	24	192	1,097	1,289
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	610	15	131	464	595
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	884	89	105	691	795
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	79	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	54	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	583	14	106	464	569
Past Month Cigarette Use	446	9	78	359	437
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,586	164	211	1,211	1,422
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	56	7	19	30	49
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	17	1	4	12	16
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	120	6	39	76	115
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	162	12	49	101	150
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	47	6	17	24	41
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	117	6	38	73	112
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	146	10	47	89	135
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	19	74	93
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	70	317	387
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	46	257	303
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	31	70	101
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	30	36	118	154

171013

KANSAS

Table 44 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kansas, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.08	8.08	17.43	6.39	8.08
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.17	12.42	26.92	8.15	11.03
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.91	6.15	15.73	5.41	7.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.17	28.32	14.09	28.10	25.93
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.89	4.74	6.48	0.48	1.39
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.83	2.88	5.38	2.36	2.82
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.24	0.63	3.83	0.84	1.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	73.08	56.50	69.10	75.98	74.92
Past Year Heroin Use	0.27	0.08	0.55	0.24	0.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.95	64.05	82.72	88.08	87.25
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.65	4.19	7.97	4.11	4.71
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.46	10.27	58.72	60.83	60.50
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	25.75	6.36	39.90	25.74	27.91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.33	37.43	31.99	38.30	37.32
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.78	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.33	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	24.62	5.86	32.22	25.71	26.71
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.83	3.91	23.75	19.90	20.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.96	69.13	64.46	67.13	66.72
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.37	2.99	5.76	1.67	2.30
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.73	0.52	1.13	0.68	0.75
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.08	2.36	11.96	4.19	5.38
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.82	4.88	15.06	5.59	7.04
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.00	2.67	5.26	1.32	1.93
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.96	2.39	11.74	4.07	5.25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.15	4.31	14.29	4.91	6.35
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.91	4.09	4.37
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.42	17.58	18.17
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.92	14.25	14.20
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.34	3.88	4.72
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.53	10.91	6.54	7.21

171013

KENTUCKY

Table 45 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kentucky, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	320	27	85	207	293
Past Year Marijuana Use	470	42	139	290	428
Past Month Marijuana Use	258	21	74	163	237
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,020	99	64	858	921
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	39	16	18	5	23
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	118	8	30	80	110
Past Year Cocaine Use	60	2	24	35	59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,753	200	318	2,236	2,554
Past Year Heroin Use	17	0	4	13	17
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,198	227	398	2,572	2,971
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	176	13	39	123	162
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,505	32	239	1,234	1,473
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	812	19	165	628	793
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,557	143	167	1,246	1,413
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	97	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	65	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,260	33	205	1,023	1,228
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,039	22	168	849	1,017
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,375	216	283	1,876	2,159
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	109	11	35	63	98
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	33	2	6	26	31
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	198	7	47	143	191
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	284	14	68	202	270
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	92	10	30	52	82
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	177	7	41	128	170
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	246	14	65	168	232
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	28	147	175
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	100	637	737
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	73	526	599
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	44	125	170
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	40	52	200	252

171013

KENTUCKY

Table 46 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Kentucky, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.71	8.04	18.15	7.24	8.78
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.79	12.30	29.45	10.11	12.84
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.02	6.13	15.79	5.69	7.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.73	29.05	13.54	29.94	27.60
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.83	5.04	7.17	0.31	1.28
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.21	2.41	6.34	2.78	3.29
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.65	0.59	5.09	1.21	1.75
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	74.91	58.70	67.45	78.05	76.54
Past Year Heroin Use	0.47	0.04	0.86	0.45	0.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.02	66.83	84.58	89.79	89.05
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.78	3.90	8.31	4.30	4.87
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	40.94	9.35	50.84	43.06	44.16
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	22.10	5.61	35.05	21.93	23.78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.34	42.20	35.41	43.50	42.35
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.57	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.16	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	34.28	9.61	43.43	35.71	36.80
Past Month Cigarette Use	28.27	6.51	35.74	29.63	30.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	64.61	63.55	60.10	65.47	64.71
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.97	3.31	7.51	2.18	2.94
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.90	0.49	1.21	0.89	0.94
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.38	2.08	10.04	5.00	5.71
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.73	4.10	14.40	7.06	8.10
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.50	2.83	6.46	1.81	2.46
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.80	2.06	8.81	4.47	5.08
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.69	4.09	13.69	5.85	6.96
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.89	5.14	5.25
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.20	22.23	22.08
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	15.45	18.35	17.94
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.36	4.38	5.08
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.72	11.05	6.97	7.55

171013

LOUISIANA

Table 47 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Louisiana, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	341	27	108	206	314
Past Year Marijuana Use	429	37	142	250	392
Past Month Marijuana Use	261	21	88	152	240
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,217	117	89	1,010	1,100
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	39	16	18	5	23
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	147	11	43	92	135
Past Year Cocaine Use	65	1	22	41	64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,874	209	344	2,322	2,665
Past Year Heroin Use	8	0	2	6	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,305	238	416	2,651	3,067
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	175	14	38	122	160
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,927	39	280	1,608	1,888
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,007	21	186	800	986
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,702	168	199	1,334	1,533
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	128	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	76	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,170	29	180	961	1,141
Past Month Cigarette Use	988	21	150	818	968
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,627	243	336	2,048	2,384
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	105	10	33	63	96
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	32	2	5	25	30
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	249	10	50	189	240
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	309	16	69	225	293
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	91	8	31	51	82
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	229	9	45	175	220
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	289	16	66	207	273
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	25	132	157
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	85	513	599
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	54	408	462
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	39	108	147
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	37	39	185	225

171013

LOUISIANA

Table 48 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Louisiana, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.92	7.29	21.50	6.98	9.09
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.22	10.20	28.25	8.45	11.33
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.82	5.70	17.46	5.15	6.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	31.80	31.97	17.75	34.19	31.78
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.66	4.68	6.45	0.28	1.15
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.83	3.02	8.57	3.13	3.92
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.69	0.29	4.41	1.40	1.84
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	75.14	56.87	68.26	78.58	77.07
Past Year Heroin Use	0.22	0.06	0.39	0.20	0.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.42	64.84	82.65	89.71	88.68
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.57	3.93	7.64	4.12	4.63
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.36	10.55	55.58	54.42	54.59
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	26.31	5.64	36.98	27.07	28.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.48	45.81	39.49	45.16	44.33
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.73	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.59	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	30.58	7.94	35.74	32.52	32.99
Past Month Cigarette Use	25.84	5.65	29.82	27.67	27.98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	68.68	66.19	66.72	69.32	68.94
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.75	2.60	6.49	2.13	2.77
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.83	0.50	1.04	0.83	0.86
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.51	2.60	10.02	6.40	6.93
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.09	4.34	13.68	7.60	8.48
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.37	2.30	6.24	1.72	2.38
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.99	2.50	8.87	5.93	6.36
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.54	4.32	13.11	7.00	7.88
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4.97	4.45	4.53
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	16.91	17.38	17.31
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	10.71	13.80	13.35
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.78	3.64	4.24
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10.15	7.79	6.27	6.49

171013

MAINE

Table 49 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maine, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	171	10	39	122	161
Past Year Marijuana Use	228	15	52	161	213
Past Month Marijuana Use	169	9	38	122	160
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	227	19	10	198	208
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	12	5	5	2	7
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	32	2	8	21	29
Past Year Cocaine Use	21	1	8	12	20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	818	52	77	689	766
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	4	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	984	58	103	823	926
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	46	3	9	34	43
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	657	11	81	565	646
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	286	6	52	228	280
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	461	34	35	393	427
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	36	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	279	8	44	227	271
Past Month Cigarette Use	230	6	36	189	224
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	818	63	79	675	755
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	31	3	9	19	28
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	8	0	2	6	8
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	65	2	14	49	63
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	88	5	20	64	83
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	28	3	8	17	25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	63	2	13	48	60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	83	4	19	59	78
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	7	39	46
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	27	160	187
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	22	184	206
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10	30	40
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13	15	61	76

171013

MAINE

Table 50 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maine, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	14.86	10.96	31.20	13.03	15.19
Past Year Marijuana Use	19.81	16.22	41.89	17.19	20.12
Past Month Marijuana Use	14.69	9.70	30.85	13.00	15.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	19.65	20.37	7.86	21.19	19.59
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.31	6.29	9.58	0.48	1.60
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.75	2.61	6.32	2.28	2.76
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.82	0.86	6.44	1.30	1.91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.93	56.47	62.04	73.55	72.17
Past Year Heroin Use	0.48	0.02	1.15	0.43	0.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.39	63.65	82.39	87.89	87.23
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	3.96	3.12	7.37	3.58	4.03
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	56.97	11.71	64.86	60.35	60.89
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	24.80	6.61	41.30	24.36	26.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.00	37.08	27.99	41.90	40.25
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	24.83	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.22	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	24.18	8.32	35.17	24.26	25.55
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.97	6.29	28.52	20.15	21.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.93	68.94	63.64	72.10	71.09
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.71	3.52	7.35	2.00	2.63
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.73	0.47	1.22	0.69	0.75
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.68	2.42	11.61	5.21	5.97
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.63	5.02	15.73	6.79	7.85
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.45	2.93	6.63	1.84	2.41
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.44	2.39	10.10	5.11	5.70
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.18	4.85	15.12	6.34	7.38
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.62	4.18	4.35
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.87	17.04	17.62
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	17.37	19.64	19.37
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.68	3.22	3.74
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	14.25	12.28	6.53	7.21

171013

MARYLAND

Table 51 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maryland, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	579	43	182	354	535
Past Year Marijuana Use	779	63	259	457	716
Past Month Marijuana Use	514	35	169	309	478
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,301	119	72	1,111	1,182
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	57	23	26	9	35
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	166	13	45	109	153
Past Year Cocaine Use	90	2	32	56	89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,552	263	394	2,895	3,289
Past Year Heroin Use	27	0	5	21	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,303	299	513	3,491	4,004
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	208	15	48	145	193
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,807	44	385	2,378	2,763
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,293	24	266	1,003	1,269
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,309	213	231	1,866	2,096
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	148	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	91	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,107	25	197	884	1,082
Past Month Cigarette Use	893	16	149	729	877
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,845	325	441	3,080	3,521
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	159	14	52	93	145
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	36	3	6	28	33
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	299	9	71	219	290
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	412	18	110	284	394
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	130	12	45	73	118
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	284	8	75	201	276
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	371	17	97	257	353
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	32	124	156
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	135	624	758
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	84	540	624
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	51	124	175
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	58	70	236	307

171013

MARYLAND

Table 52 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Maryland, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.52	9.54	29.44	8.95	11.72
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.50	13.85	41.94	11.56	15.67
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.22	7.78	27.34	7.83	10.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.89	26.24	11.60	28.11	25.86
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.24	5.93	10.13	0.46	1.59
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.31	2.92	7.22	2.75	3.35
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.80	0.36	5.26	1.42	1.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.72	57.94	63.82	73.25	71.97
Past Year Heroin Use	0.54	0.11	0.86	0.54	0.58
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.70	65.98	83.02	88.35	87.63
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.15	3.40	7.82	3.66	4.22
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.88	9.73	62.32	60.18	60.47
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	25.75	5.36	43.03	25.38	27.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.97	46.90	37.32	47.22	45.88
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.61	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.32	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.04	5.57	31.95	22.38	23.67
Past Month Cigarette Use	17.78	3.46	24.05	18.44	19.20
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	76.56	71.55	71.31	77.96	77.06
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.17	3.02	8.49	2.35	3.18
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.72	0.57	0.90	0.71	0.73
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.95	1.99	11.45	5.54	6.34
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.20	3.98	17.73	7.19	8.62
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.59	2.64	7.36	1.84	2.59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.66	1.85	12.06	5.09	6.04
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.38	3.83	15.68	6.49	7.74
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.14	3.14	3.41
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.77	15.78	16.59
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.61	13.67	13.66
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.23	3.13	3.82
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.69	11.41	5.97	6.71

171013

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 53 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Massachusetts, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	818	50	238	529	767
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,088	70	345	672	1,017
Past Month Marijuana Use	691	42	218	431	649
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,293	114	92	1,087	1,179
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	78	26	36	15	51
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	219	11	67	141	208
Past Year Cocaine Use	164	4	72	88	160
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,777	273	454	3,050	3,504
Past Year Heroin Use	21	0	5	16	21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,958	327	639	3,992	4,631
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	228	14	54	161	214
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,453	55	551	2,847	3,398
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,663	31	371	1,262	1,633
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,324	196	240	1,888	2,128
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	246	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	154	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,194	23	246	925	1,171
Past Month Cigarette Use	975	15	188	772	960
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,332	346	551	3,434	3,986
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	195	16	67	112	179
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	40	2	7	30	37
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	439	12	102	324	426
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	574	22	149	403	552
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	184	15	60	110	169
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	403	11	97	294	391
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	512	22	143	347	490
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	48	183	231
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	191	844	1,034
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	131	877	1,009
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	67	145	212
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	67	99	301	400

171013

MASSACHUSETTS

Table 54 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Massachusetts, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	14.01	10.32	30.10	11.61	14.34
Past Year Marijuana Use	18.64	14.45	43.58	14.75	19.02
Past Month Marijuana Use	11.85	8.68	27.58	9.45	12.14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	22.14	23.37	11.56	23.86	22.02
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.80	6.49	10.85	0.72	2.15
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.75	2.25	8.44	3.10	3.89
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.80	0.73	9.07	1.94	2.99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	64.73	56.13	57.31	66.93	65.50
Past Year Heroin Use	0.36	0.03	0.66	0.35	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.98	67.09	80.68	87.60	86.57
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	3.90	2.78	6.76	3.53	4.01
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	59.17	11.31	69.57	62.48	63.53
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	28.50	6.35	46.81	27.69	30.52
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.83	40.28	30.30	41.44	39.78
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	29.24	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.32	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	20.46	4.79	31.03	20.30	21.89
Past Month Cigarette Use	16.71	3.00	23.76	16.95	17.95
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	74.23	71.04	69.56	75.38	74.51
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.34	3.38	8.41	2.46	3.34
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.68	0.50	0.88	0.66	0.69
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	7.52	2.56	12.93	7.11	7.97
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	9.83	4.54	18.77	8.84	10.31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	3.15	3.00	7.54	2.41	3.17
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.90	2.33	12.23	6.46	7.31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.78	4.61	18.04	7.62	9.16
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.08	4.02	4.32
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	24.09	18.51	19.34
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	16.59	19.25	18.86
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.49	3.19	3.97
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.72	12.55	6.60	7.48

171013

MICHIGAN

Table 55 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Michigan, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,024	76	272	677	948
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,317	112	384	821	1,205
Past Month Marijuana Use	886	62	245	579	824
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,969	181	128	1,661	1,788
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	98	39	44	16	60
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	284	21	81	182	263
Past Year Cocaine Use	121	3	42	76	118
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,121	417	712	4,992	5,704
Past Year Heroin Use	30	1	7	22	29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,177	496	903	5,778	6,681
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	408	31	96	281	377
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	4,472	81	660	3,731	4,391
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	2,133	48	444	1,641	2,085
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,285	309	364	2,612	2,976
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	248	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	168	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	2,249	52	377	1,820	2,197
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,855	36	298	1,522	1,820
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,841	523	728	4,590	5,317
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	257	27	84	146	229
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	66	4	13	49	62
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	483	18	120	345	465
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	652	37	173	442	615
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	230	25	77	128	205
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	457	18	107	332	439
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	615	35	159	421	580
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	65	274	339
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	242	1,078	1,320
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	166	1,062	1,228
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	93	206	298
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	103	126	396	521

171013

MICHIGAN

Table 56 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Michigan, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	12.19	9.75	24.52	10.39	12.44
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.68	14.36	34.60	12.61	15.81
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.55	7.98	22.07	8.89	10.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.43	23.21	11.53	25.50	23.45
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.29	5.74	8.06	0.54	1.65
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.38	2.64	7.33	2.79	3.45
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.45	0.44	3.79	1.17	1.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.88	53.45	64.23	76.66	74.85
Past Year Heroin Use	0.35	0.09	0.63	0.34	0.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.47	63.62	81.46	88.73	87.67
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.85	3.99	8.65	4.31	4.94
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	53.24	10.39	59.58	57.30	57.63
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	25.40	6.20	40.09	25.20	27.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.10	39.67	32.83	40.11	39.04
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.96	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.18	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	26.78	6.63	34.00	27.96	28.84
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.09	4.58	26.86	23.37	23.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.54	67.15	65.65	70.48	69.78
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.05	3.48	7.56	2.24	3.01
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.78	0.50	1.19	0.75	0.81
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.75	2.36	10.83	5.30	6.10
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.77	4.75	15.62	6.79	8.08
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.74	3.17	6.97	1.97	2.70
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.44	2.32	9.63	5.10	5.76
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.33	4.55	14.35	6.46	7.61
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.83	4.21	4.44
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.87	16.55	17.33
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	14.95	16.31	16.12
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.35	3.16	3.91
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.27	11.34	6.08	6.84

171013

MINNESOTA

Table 57 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Minnesota, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	417	32	115	269	384
Past Year Marijuana Use	592	55	184	354	538
Past Month Marijuana Use	336	25	100	211	311
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	941	103	59	779	838
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	53	21	25	7	32
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	146	13	41	92	133
Past Year Cocaine Use	81	3	32	47	78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,071	225	339	2,507	2,846
Past Year Heroin Use	13	0	4	9	13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,692	260	441	2,991	3,432
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	200	15	42	143	185
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,738	44	381	2,313	2,694
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,283	23	265	995	1,261
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,744	166	172	1,407	1,578
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	136	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	82	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,083	24	194	865	1,059
Past Month Cigarette Use	853	18	146	690	836
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,204	296	372	2,536	2,908
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	119	15	39	65	104
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	30	2	5	23	28
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	263	9	70	184	254
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	354	21	95	237	332
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	108	13	36	59	95
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	252	9	67	176	243
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	309	18	88	203	291
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	34	143	177
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	140	619	759
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	100	695	794
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	50	123	173
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	57	64	229	292

171013

MINNESOTA

Table 58 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Minnesota, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.08	7.57	20.16	7.49	9.24
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.91	12.76	32.12	9.86	12.92
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.32	5.88	17.42	5.88	7.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.47	23.99	10.28	21.70	20.11
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.19	5.41	8.86	0.40	1.58
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.18	3.07	7.07	2.57	3.19
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.77	0.70	5.53	1.30	1.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.90	52.59	59.12	69.84	68.35
Past Year Heroin Use	0.29	0.03	0.72	0.25	0.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	80.45	60.79	76.96	83.31	82.43
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.36	3.59	7.27	3.99	4.44
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	59.65	10.38	66.47	64.42	64.71
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	27.96	5.32	46.30	27.73	30.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.00	38.78	29.94	39.19	37.91
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.57	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.04	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	23.60	5.63	33.82	24.11	25.45
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.59	4.19	25.47	19.21	20.07
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.80	69.10	64.97	70.65	69.87
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.59	3.44	6.73	1.82	2.50
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.66	0.52	0.96	0.63	0.67
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.72	2.16	12.22	5.11	6.09
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.71	5.00	16.61	6.61	7.99
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.35	3.03	6.28	1.64	2.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.48	1.99	11.64	4.91	5.84
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.74	4.31	15.32	5.66	6.99
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.96	3.98	4.25
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	24.49	17.24	18.24
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	17.41	19.35	19.08
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.79	3.41	4.15
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.39	11.12	6.37	7.02

171013

MISSISSIPPI

Table 59 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Mississippi, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	197	17	59	121	180
Past Year Marijuana Use	231	24	78	130	207
Past Month Marijuana Use	139	12	48	79	127
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	936	88	78	770	848
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	26	10	13	2	15
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	80	7	20	53	74
Past Year Cocaine Use	31	1	9	22	30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,953	149	249	1,555	1,805
Past Year Heroin Use	5	0	1	4	5
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,147	166	282	1,699	1,982
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	111	11	25	75	100
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	903	19	155	730	884
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	470	10	90	370	460
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,178	118	146	914	1,060
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	58	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	34	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	751	20	116	615	731
Past Month Cigarette Use	590	12	93	484	577
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,699	151	220	1,328	1,548
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	67	7	20	40	60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	21	1	3	16	20
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	111	4	28	80	107
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	157	9	40	107	147
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	62	6	21	35	56
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	105	4	26	75	101
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	145	9	38	98	136
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	15	71	86
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	57	328	385
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	32	232	264
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	26	58	83
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	26	27	106	133

171013

MISSISSIPPI

Table 60 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Mississippi, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.04	6.83	17.78	6.47	8.18
Past Year Marijuana Use	9.46	9.66	23.41	6.95	9.43
Past Month Marijuana Use	5.69	4.95	14.46	4.23	5.77
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	38.26	36.16	23.48	41.19	38.50
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.56	4.45	6.39	0.19	1.09
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.29	2.79	6.17	2.84	3.35
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.27	0.25	2.66	1.16	1.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	79.88	60.85	75.35	83.16	81.97
Past Year Heroin Use	0.22	0.01	0.43	0.21	0.24
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.84	67.81	85.30	90.86	90.02
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.54	4.67	7.58	3.99	4.53
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	36.94	7.69	46.68	39.03	40.18
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	19.21	4.11	27.10	19.78	20.89
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.16	48.42	44.02	48.88	48.14
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.02	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9.36	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	30.70	8.11	35.01	32.88	33.20
Past Month Cigarette Use	24.12	5.08	28.23	25.88	26.23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.46	61.76	66.44	71.01	70.31
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.73	2.90	6.08	2.11	2.71
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.86	0.53	1.04	0.87	0.90
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.56	1.68	8.39	4.25	4.88
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.41	3.87	12.16	5.72	6.69
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.54	2.51	6.43	1.85	2.54
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.31	1.74	7.89	4.01	4.60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	5.94	3.70	11.63	5.22	6.18
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4.46	3.82	3.92
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	17.19	17.55	17.49
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	9.53	12.41	11.98
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.72	3.08	3.78
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10.78	8.28	5.65	6.04

171013

MISSOURI

Table 61 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Missouri, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	523	46	139	338	477
Past Year Marijuana Use	668	59	211	398	609
Past Month Marijuana Use	412	29	120	262	382
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,387	138	76	1,173	1,249
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	63	22	34	8	41
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	162	20	39	103	142
Past Year Cocaine Use	65	2	25	38	63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,738	269	436	3,033	3,468
Past Year Heroin Use	17	0	4	12	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,401	328	556	3,516	4,072
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	229	22	53	154	207
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,602	47	385	2,170	2,556
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,269	26	265	977	1,242
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,997	190	205	1,602	1,807
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	147	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	97	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,494	40	254	1,200	1,454
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,164	28	200	936	1,135
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,340	312	404	2,624	3,028
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	137	15	41	81	122
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	39	3	6	29	36
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	294	10	77	207	283
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	388	21	98	269	367
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	120	13	37	70	107
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	271	10	69	191	261
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	356	21	96	239	335
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	36	155	192
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	127	702	828
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	80	641	721
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	47	113	160
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	67	68	254	321

171013

MISSOURI

Table 62 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Missouri, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.34	9.90	21.31	8.57	10.38
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.19	12.55	32.40	10.09	13.26
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.13	6.23	18.42	6.65	8.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.38	29.41	11.67	29.76	27.17
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.18	5.12	9.59	0.36	1.66
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.20	4.26	5.90	2.62	3.09
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.29	0.48	3.90	0.95	1.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	73.83	57.38	66.75	76.95	75.49
Past Year Heroin Use	0.33	0.05	0.68	0.30	0.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.94	69.95	85.26	89.20	88.64
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.52	4.65	8.18	3.90	4.50
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	51.39	9.91	59.04	55.07	55.63
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	25.05	5.62	40.61	24.79	27.04
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.44	40.47	31.42	40.65	39.34
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.88	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.78	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	29.51	8.45	38.91	30.46	31.66
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.98	6.06	30.61	23.74	24.71
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	65.96	66.37	61.94	66.58	65.92
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.70	3.24	6.21	2.06	2.64
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.76	0.61	0.98	0.74	0.78
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.80	2.21	11.75	5.24	6.17
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.66	4.44	15.05	6.82	7.99
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.38	2.83	5.62	1.79	2.33
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.36	2.20	10.64	4.86	5.68
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.02	4.42	14.68	6.07	7.29
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.53	3.94	4.17
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	19.43	17.80	18.03
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.28	16.27	15.70
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.18	2.86	3.47
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	14.28	10.35	6.43	6.99

171013

MONTANA

Table 63 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Montana, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	115	8	29	79	108
Past Year Marijuana Use	160	13	42	105	147
Past Month Marijuana Use	105	6	27	72	98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	183	16	11	155	166
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	11	4	5	2	7
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	28	2	8	18	25
Past Year Cocaine Use	16	1	6	9	15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	596	42	65	489	554
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	1	2	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	733	47	88	599	687
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	43	3	11	30	40
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	500	8	69	423	492
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	245	5	50	190	240
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	300	26	29	245	274
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	26	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	251	8	43	200	243
Past Month Cigarette Use	182	5	31	146	177
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	610	48	71	491	562
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	27	3	9	15	24
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	7	0	2	5	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	63	2	16	45	61
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	77	5	21	52	73
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	23	3	8	12	21
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	57	2	14	40	55
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	72	4	20	48	68
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	8	35	43
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	28	135	164
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	18	113	131
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12	30	42
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10	13	49	62

171013

MONTANA

Table 64 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Montana, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	13.25	10.23	25.83	11.53	13.53
Past Year Marijuana Use	18.41	17.04	38.05	15.36	18.54
Past Month Marijuana Use	12.02	8.43	23.89	10.48	12.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.98	21.98	10.28	22.64	20.89
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.91	7.02	10.46	0.63	2.11
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.18	3.09	6.93	2.57	3.18
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.80	1.08	5.71	1.25	1.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.49	55.88	58.53	71.47	69.65
Past Year Heroin Use	0.32	0.10	0.78	0.27	0.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.30	63.05	78.99	87.45	86.26
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.97	4.03	9.48	4.34	5.06
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	57.49	11.05	61.98	61.82	61.84
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	28.13	6.80	45.16	27.69	30.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	34.46	35.43	25.86	35.76	34.37
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.04	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.38	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	28.82	10.13	38.90	29.22	30.57
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.95	7.08	27.70	21.36	22.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.08	65.01	63.43	71.72	70.56
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.10	4.23	7.71	2.23	3.00
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.75	0.55	1.37	0.68	0.77
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	7.24	2.91	14.65	6.51	7.65
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.90	6.39	18.75	7.57	9.14
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.67	3.55	7.41	1.80	2.58
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.52	2.60	12.92	5.91	6.89
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.26	5.56	18.06	6.95	8.51
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.99	5.08	5.34
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	25.39	19.79	20.57
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	16.61	16.46	16.48
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.47	4.45	5.29
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.56	11.45	7.19	7.79

171013

NEBRASKA

Table 65 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nebraska, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	134	10	43	81	123
Past Year Marijuana Use	176	17	64	95	159
Past Month Marijuana Use	112	9	37	66	103
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	407	43	29	335	364
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	19	7	11	2	13
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	49	4	14	31	45
Past Year Cocaine Use	22	1	10	11	21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,122	82	136	904	1,039
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	1	3	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,316	97	174	1,045	1,219
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	67	6	18	43	61
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	915	14	133	768	901
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	448	9	93	345	438
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	582	57	63	461	524
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	49	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	35	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	409	8	72	329	401
Past Month Cigarette Use	329	6	56	267	323
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,043	101	137	804	941
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	37	4	13	20	33
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	10	1	2	8	10
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	91	4	24	64	88
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	122	7	31	85	115
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	33	4	12	17	29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	92	4	23	66	88
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	109	6	32	71	102
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	12	46	58
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	48	209	258
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	34	189	223
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	17	45	62
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	20	24	74	98

171013

NEBRASKA

Table 66 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nebraska, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.61	6.87	20.00	6.80	8.80
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.33	11.36	29.84	8.00	11.32
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.21	5.74	17.35	5.58	7.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.16	28.21	13.51	28.19	25.93
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.87	4.32	8.49	0.29	1.45
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.13	2.60	6.37	2.62	3.19
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.40	0.62	4.48	0.95	1.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.22	53.87	63.65	76.10	74.20
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.12	0.49	0.22	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.75	63.76	81.49	87.99	87.00
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.28	3.92	8.30	3.61	4.32
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	58.92	8.99	62.44	64.70	64.36
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	28.81	6.18	43.51	29.09	31.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.44	37.63	29.75	38.81	37.42
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.86	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.65	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	26.33	5.20	33.89	27.69	28.63
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.20	3.93	26.28	22.52	23.09
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.12	66.44	64.42	67.69	67.19
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.39	2.81	6.08	1.67	2.34
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.67	0.54	0.94	0.64	0.69
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.88	2.43	11.12	5.38	6.25
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.85	4.43	14.34	7.13	8.23
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.12	2.60	5.81	1.39	2.06
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.91	2.30	10.62	5.53	6.30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.00	4.11	14.84	5.97	7.31
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.69	3.90	4.17
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.75	17.61	18.39
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	15.80	15.95	15.93
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.12	3.76	4.42
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.97	11.04	6.23	6.96

171013

NEVADA

Table 67 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nevada, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	252	23	59	170	229
Past Year Marijuana Use	319	33	84	202	286
Past Month Marijuana Use	200	19	52	129	181
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	628	47	42	539	581
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	28	12	10	6	16
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	87	9	19	58	78
Past Year Cocaine Use	45	1	14	29	43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,687	115	185	1,388	1,573
Past Year Heroin Use	8	0	2	6	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,042	140	239	1,664	1,902
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	120	9	23	89	111
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,237	28	153	1,056	1,209
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	598	15	97	486	584
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,082	92	126	865	991
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	70	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	40	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	570	12	82	476	558
Past Month Cigarette Use	480	8	66	406	472
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,786	147	204	1,435	1,639
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	73	10	20	43	63
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	17	1	3	13	16
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	129	6	32	92	124
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	176	12	44	120	164
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	62	10	18	34	52
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	121	6	31	85	116
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	169	13	38	118	156
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	17	76	93
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	63	341	404
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	26	231	256
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	26	69	95
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	35	31	131	162

171013

NEVADA

Table 68 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Nevada, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.38	10.34	20.36	8.88	10.38
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.13	14.66	29.39	10.51	12.98
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.25	8.65	18.25	6.71	8.21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.83	20.83	14.78	28.10	26.34
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.23	6.83	7.66	0.58	1.45
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.57	4.07	6.73	3.03	3.52
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.84	0.66	4.82	1.53	1.96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.49	51.21	64.21	72.41	71.33
Past Year Heroin Use	0.33	0.05	0.74	0.30	0.36
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.12	62.43	83.00	86.79	86.29
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.96	4.09	7.86	4.63	5.05
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	50.92	12.28	53.25	55.08	54.85
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	24.64	6.56	33.83	25.37	26.48
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.56	40.83	43.72	45.12	44.93
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.34	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.13	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	23.47	5.51	28.56	24.81	25.30
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.76	3.43	23.03	21.17	21.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.54	65.70	70.94	74.84	74.33
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.01	4.51	6.86	2.26	2.86
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.72	0.64	1.18	0.66	0.72
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.33	2.59	11.04	4.79	5.61
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.26	5.45	15.43	6.24	7.44
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.55	4.30	6.43	1.77	2.37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.00	2.47	10.67	4.44	5.25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.95	5.81	13.23	6.14	7.07
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.76	3.98	4.21
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.05	17.77	18.33
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	8.96	12.03	11.63
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.90	3.60	4.29
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	15.66	10.73	6.84	7.35

171013

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 69 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Hampshire, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	154	9	46	100	146
Past Year Marijuana Use	202	14	58	130	188
Past Month Marijuana Use	139	8	40	91	131
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	216	23	11	182	193
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	13	5	7	2	9
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	45	2	16	26	42
Past Year Cocaine Use	32	1	15	15	31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	770	53	80	638	718
Past Year Heroin Use	10	0	3	7	10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	987	64	116	807	923
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	53	3	12	38	50
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	731	11	99	621	720
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	323	6	65	252	317
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	444	37	42	366	407
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	44	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	28	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	280	7	51	222	273
Past Month Cigarette Use	220	5	39	176	216
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	836	69	95	672	767
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	40	3	14	22	36
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	9	1	2	7	9
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	69	2	17	50	67
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	96	4	26	65	91
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	33	3	12	18	30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	67	2	15	50	65
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	88	4	24	60	84
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	12	42	53
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	37	167	204
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	29	189	218
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	15	38	53
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13	19	65	84

171013

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table 70 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Hampshire, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	13.43	8.98	32.23	10.94	13.84
Past Year Marijuana Use	17.58	14.24	40.68	14.30	17.89
Past Month Marijuana Use	12.06	8.06	28.30	9.93	12.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.78	23.74	7.79	20.01	18.33
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.70	5.92	10.98	0.46	2.04
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.88	2.28	11.40	2.86	4.02
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.78	1.13	10.84	1.69	2.93
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	66.93	54.49	55.87	69.98	68.05
Past Year Heroin Use	0.87	0.14	1.90	0.79	0.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.80	66.23	81.18	88.56	87.56
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.60	3.12	8.29	4.17	4.73
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	63.54	11.49	69.23	68.17	68.31
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	28.05	6.37	45.24	27.64	30.04
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	38.59	37.95	29.37	40.11	38.64
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	28.06	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.85	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	24.31	6.97	36.02	24.31	25.90
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.16	5.04	27.46	19.35	20.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.62	71.36	66.68	73.69	72.74
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.44	3.59	9.97	2.40	3.43
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.79	0.52	1.30	0.74	0.82
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.02	2.28	12.01	5.47	6.36
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.31	4.56	18.44	7.12	8.66
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.87	3.05	8.17	2.02	2.85
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.83	2.17	10.62	5.46	6.16
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.63	4.35	16.64	6.56	7.93
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	8.24	4.57	5.07
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	26.10	18.30	19.36
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	20.55	20.75	20.72
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.26	4.18	5.01
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.40	13.17	7.17	7.98

171013

NEW JERSEY

Table 71 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Jersey, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	614	48	208	358	566
Past Year Marijuana Use	907	75	315	517	832
Past Month Marijuana Use	511	40	183	288	471
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,427	213	126	2,088	2,214
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	81	30	39	12	51
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	220	15	67	138	205
Past Year Cocaine Use	145	4	59	82	141
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	5,404	406	554	4,445	4,998
Past Year Heroin Use	38	1	8	30	38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	6,452	467	739	5,246	5,985
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	283	18	63	202	265
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	4,044	73	547	3,424	3,971
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,758	39	359	1,359	1,718
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,611	319	318	2,974	3,292
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	216	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	133	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,454	32	270	1,152	1,422
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,194	20	224	950	1,174
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,843	510	626	4,707	5,333
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	165	16	58	91	149
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	51	3	10	38	48
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	365	15	100	249	350
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	474	27	141	306	447
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	139	17	50	73	122
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	359	15	105	239	344
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	440	26	127	287	414
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	48	197	244
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	181	881	1,062
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	105	763	869
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	76	170	246
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	72	90	331	421

171013

NEW JERSEY

Table 72 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Jersey, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.13	6.90	23.31	6.01	8.26
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.01	10.80	35.35	8.66	12.14
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.77	5.72	20.55	4.83	6.87
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	32.12	30.66	14.16	35.00	32.27
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.72	4.50	8.18	0.35	1.28
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.91	2.14	7.48	2.32	2.99
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.93	0.55	6.63	1.38	2.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.57	58.44	62.05	74.51	72.88
Past Year Heroin Use	0.51	0.09	0.92	0.50	0.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.47	67.23	82.87	87.94	87.28
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	3.75	2.57	7.06	3.39	3.87
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	53.56	10.55	61.28	57.40	57.91
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.28	5.65	40.29	22.78	25.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	47.81	45.93	35.69	49.85	48.00
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.18	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.08	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	19.25	4.64	30.27	19.31	20.73
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.82	2.90	25.05	15.93	17.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	77.37	73.43	70.18	78.91	77.77
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.18	2.34	6.49	1.52	2.17
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.67	0.44	1.08	0.64	0.70
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.83	2.19	11.24	4.18	5.10
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.28	3.83	15.84	5.13	6.53
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	1.84	2.41	5.59	1.22	1.79
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.75	2.17	11.74	4.00	5.01
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	5.82	3.75	14.25	4.80	6.03
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.36	3.30	3.57
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20.29	14.78	15.50
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	11.82	12.80	12.67
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.47	2.85	3.58
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10.39	10.05	5.55	6.13

171013

NEW MEXICO

Table 73 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Mexico, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	206	18	56	132	188
Past Year Marijuana Use	272	25	73	173	247
Past Month Marijuana Use	180	16	51	114	165
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	493	40	32	421	453
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	21	9	8	4	12
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	61	5	18	38	56
Past Year Cocaine Use	32	2	12	19	31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,187	88	141	959	1,099
Past Year Heroin Use	6	0	2	4	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,440	109	185	1,146	1,331
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	79	7	18	54	73
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	833	16	122	695	817
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	440	10	80	350	430
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	831	74	93	664	757
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	51	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	31	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	430	8	77	345	422
Past Month Cigarette Use	349	5	64	279	344
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,249	106	147	996	1,143
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	55	7	18	30	48
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	11	1	2	8	10
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	120	5	26	90	115
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	153	12	37	104	141
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	47	8	17	23	40
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	107	4	26	77	103
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	144	10	35	98	133
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	11	57	69
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	53	245	298
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	24	177	201
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	20	47	66
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	21	21	83	104

171013

NEW MEXICO

Table 74 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New Mexico, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.98	11.03	24.89	9.93	12.08
Past Year Marijuana Use	15.83	15.34	32.79	13.04	15.88
Past Month Marijuana Use	10.50	9.46	22.85	8.55	10.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.65	24.06	14.34	31.65	29.14
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.50	6.99	8.79	0.60	1.69
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.57	3.25	8.16	2.84	3.60
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.88	0.96	5.42	1.40	1.98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.06	53.08	62.86	72.09	70.75
Past Year Heroin Use	0.37	0.17	0.82	0.32	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.81	65.68	82.68	86.23	85.71
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.61	3.97	8.14	4.09	4.67
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	48.47	9.91	54.35	52.30	52.59
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	25.57	5.77	35.57	26.36	27.68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.35	44.67	41.72	49.92	48.74
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.80	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.88	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	25.01	4.81	34.50	25.93	27.17
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.28	2.95	28.80	21.01	22.13
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	72.69	64.28	65.75	74.91	73.59
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.20	4.49	8.02	2.23	3.06
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.64	0.65	1.09	0.57	0.64
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.98	2.76	11.56	6.74	7.43
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.91	7.15	16.72	7.81	9.09
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.76	4.55	7.66	1.72	2.57
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.23	2.57	11.78	5.76	6.62
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.35	6.22	15.78	7.37	8.58
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.09	4.32	4.43
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	23.51	18.46	19.19
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	10.60	13.35	12.95
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.88	3.50	4.28
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.61	9.36	6.27	6.71

171013

NEW YORK

Table 75 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New York, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,871	119	553	1,199	1,751
Past Year Marijuana Use	2,491	175	812	1,503	2,316
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,623	103	514	1,006	1,520
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	4,783	394	317	4,072	4,389
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	198	72	96	30	126
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	573	31	152	390	541
Past Year Cocaine Use	398	6	127	265	392
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	11,611	796	1,388	9,428	10,815
Past Year Heroin Use	70	1	14	55	68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	14,122	930	1,819	11,373	13,192
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	648	38	152	458	610
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	9,163	161	1,376	7,626	9,002
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	4,292	94	961	3,236	4,197
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	7,581	619	831	6,131	6,962
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	504	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	334	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	3,695	69	621	3,005	3,626
Past Month Cigarette Use	3,031	44	488	2,498	2,987
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	12,857	1,025	1,563	10,269	11,832
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	473	42	164	267	431
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	103	6	18	80	97
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	1,018	31	245	741	986
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	1,342	63	348	930	1,278
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	418	39	149	230	379
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	939	30	228	682	910
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	1,195	58	324	813	1,137
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	115	510	626
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	490	2,202	2,692
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	266	1,954	2,220
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	194	411	605
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	169	234	792	1,026

171013

NEW YORK

Table 76 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in New York, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	11.16	8.43	25.14	9.11	11.41
Past Year Marijuana Use	14.86	12.37	36.96	11.43	15.09
Past Month Marijuana Use	9.68	7.28	23.38	7.65	9.90
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.51	27.79	14.43	30.97	28.58
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.04	5.58	8.54	0.42	1.50
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.42	2.22	6.91	2.96	3.53
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.37	0.45	5.77	2.01	2.55
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.27	56.21	63.15	71.69	70.46
Past Year Heroin Use	0.42	0.08	0.63	0.42	0.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.26	65.65	82.78	86.48	85.95
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	3.87	2.67	6.91	3.49	3.98
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	54.65	11.37	62.60	57.99	58.65
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	25.60	6.67	43.75	24.61	27.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	45.22	43.72	37.80	46.62	45.36
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23.24	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.43	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.04	4.89	28.26	22.85	23.62
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.08	3.14	22.22	19.00	19.46
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	76.70	72.36	71.13	78.09	77.09
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.82	2.96	7.45	2.03	2.81
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.61	0.41	0.80	0.61	0.63
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.07	2.21	11.16	5.64	6.43
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.00	4.46	15.85	7.07	8.33
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.49	2.76	6.78	1.75	2.47
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.60	2.09	10.38	5.18	5.93
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.13	4.10	14.75	6.18	7.41
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.24	3.88	4.08
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.32	16.74	17.54
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.10	14.86	14.47
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.82	3.13	3.94
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.91	10.65	6.02	6.68

171013

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 77 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Carolina, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	830	60	237	533	770
Past Year Marijuana Use	996	85	321	589	910
Past Month Marijuana Use	646	46	210	391	601
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,656	231	175	2,249	2,425
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	91	37	42	13	54
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	295	23	76	196	272
Past Year Cocaine Use	157	3	60	94	154
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	6,184	458	706	5,020	5,726
Past Year Heroin Use	28	0	7	21	28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	7,178	506	860	5,812	6,671
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	390	32	90	268	358
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,712	57	564	3,091	3,655
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,786	34	375	1,377	1,752
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,882	354	403	3,125	3,528
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	183	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	122	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	2,175	46	377	1,752	2,129
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,783	29	299	1,455	1,754
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	5,935	527	693	4,715	5,408
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	242	25	87	130	217
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	61	4	12	46	57
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	389	13	95	281	376
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	565	32	151	382	533
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	201	24	80	97	177
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	371	13	93	264	358
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	489	30	137	323	459
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	47	311	358
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	226	1,214	1,440
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	134	1,081	1,215
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	81	240	321
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	92	95	441	536

171013

NORTH CAROLINA

Table 78 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Carolina, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.91	7.61	22.50	8.16	10.15
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.90	10.90	30.48	9.02	12.00
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.72	5.80	19.92	5.98	7.92
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	31.72	29.52	16.64	34.44	31.94
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.86	5.10	7.27	0.37	1.31
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.52	2.99	7.17	3.00	3.58
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.88	0.39	5.67	1.45	2.03
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	73.90	58.45	67.00	76.85	75.47
Past Year Heroin Use	0.34	0.04	0.71	0.32	0.37
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.78	64.60	81.57	88.96	87.93
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.66	4.11	8.57	4.10	4.72
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	44.34	7.25	53.47	47.32	48.17
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	21.34	4.32	35.58	21.08	23.09
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.38	45.14	38.25	47.84	46.50
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.97	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.66	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	25.99	5.89	35.79	26.82	28.07
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.31	3.74	28.40	22.27	23.12
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.91	67.29	65.74	72.18	71.29
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.89	3.20	8.23	2.00	2.86
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.73	0.49	1.10	0.70	0.75
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.65	1.62	9.01	4.31	4.96
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.75	4.13	14.29	5.85	7.03
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.40	3.01	7.60	1.49	2.34
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.43	1.67	8.86	4.04	4.71
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	5.84	3.80	12.95	4.94	6.05
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4.42	4.77	4.72
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.46	18.58	18.98
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.69	16.55	16.01
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.71	3.67	4.23
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.70	9.05	6.75	7.07

171013

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 79 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Dakota, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	44	4	17	23	40
Past Year Marijuana Use	61	6	25	29	54
Past Month Marijuana Use	35	3	14	18	32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	167	16	14	137	151
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	8	2	5	1	6
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	17	2	6	10	16
Past Year Cocaine Use	8	0	4	3	7
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	450	30	65	355	420
Past Year Heroin Use	2	0	1	1	2
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	522	35	81	407	488
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	28	2	7	18	26
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	370	6	70	294	364
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	197	4	51	142	193
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	244	21	30	193	223
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	31	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	179	4	39	136	175
Past Month Cigarette Use	135	3	27	105	132
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	414	35	67	311	379
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	15	2	5	8	13
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	5	0	1	3	4
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	43	1	13	29	42
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	54	3	16	35	51
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	13	1	5	7	11
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	44	1	12	30	42
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	50	2	16	32	48
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6	17	23
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22	75	97
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13	69	82
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9	15	24
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	6	11	28	39

171013

NORTH DAKOTA

Table 80 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in North Dakota, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7.03	7.28	16.49	4.95	7.01
Past Year Marijuana Use	9.80	11.99	24.59	6.34	9.60
Past Month Marijuana Use	5.61	5.63	13.92	3.80	5.61
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.01	30.91	13.52	29.54	26.65
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.06	4.61	7.88	0.34	1.69
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.80	3.08	5.67	2.15	2.78
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.23	0.81	3.84	0.72	1.27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.93	58.24	63.34	76.63	74.25
Past Year Heroin Use	0.32	0.12	0.62	0.27	0.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.60	66.94	78.89	87.78	86.18
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.52	4.19	7.19	3.98	4.55
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	59.98	11.94	68.68	63.43	64.37
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	31.86	6.80	49.86	30.74	34.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.47	39.77	29.31	41.67	39.44
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	31.69	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.13	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	28.98	7.51	38.37	29.33	30.94
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.88	5.96	26.64	22.62	23.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.95	67.22	65.86	67.16	66.92
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.37	2.98	4.86	1.76	2.32
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.75	0.51	1.17	0.69	0.78
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.96	2.82	12.74	6.17	7.34
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.69	5.43	15.30	7.61	8.98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.05	2.39	4.83	1.40	2.02
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	7.09	2.60	12.11	6.50	7.50
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.12	4.72	15.30	6.94	8.43
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.89	3.63	4.03
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.25	16.14	17.06
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.92	14.82	14.48
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.47	3.24	4.17
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.25	10.33	6.03	6.80

171013

OHIO

Table 81 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Ohio, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,008	69	276	663	939
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,344	109	403	832	1,235
Past Month Marijuana Use	871	58	254	559	813
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,501	238	141	2,122	2,263
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	101	41	48	12	60
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	300	19	77	203	281
Past Year Cocaine Use	161	4	59	98	157
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	7,115	529	816	5,770	6,585
Past Year Heroin Use	40	1	9	29	39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	8,550	642	1,046	6,862	7,908
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	442	35	97	310	407
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	5,052	81	731	4,240	4,971
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	2,548	51	497	2,000	2,497
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	3,883	367	410	3,106	3,516
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	272	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	179	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	2,883	63	477	2,343	2,820
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,316	45	378	1,893	2,271
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	6,504	603	776	5,125	5,901
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	254	26	83	145	228
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	70	4	14	52	66
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	591	20	141	430	571
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	767	39	196	532	728
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	221	23	77	122	199
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	538	19	122	397	519
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	699	37	183	478	662
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	83	370	453
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	295	1,446	1,741
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	184	1,272	1,456
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	113	281	394
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	127	140	552	693

171013

OHIO

Table 82 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Ohio, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.35	7.55	22.61	8.72	10.64
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.81	12.01	33.01	10.95	14.00
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.95	6.41	20.79	7.35	9.21
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	25.67	26.15	11.52	27.90	25.62
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.91	5.14	8.04	0.30	1.33
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.08	2.08	6.34	2.68	3.18
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.66	0.48	4.86	1.29	1.78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	73.09	58.18	66.85	75.86	74.61
Past Year Heroin Use	0.41	0.11	0.78	0.38	0.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	87.85	70.60	85.69	90.22	89.59
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.54	3.80	7.95	4.08	4.61
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	51.90	8.89	59.93	55.75	56.33
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	26.17	5.55	40.76	26.29	28.30
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.88	40.30	33.57	40.84	39.83
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.86	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.11	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	29.61	6.94	39.07	30.81	31.95
Past Month Cigarette Use	23.79	4.93	30.98	24.89	25.74
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.81	66.27	63.56	67.39	66.86
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.61	2.90	6.81	1.90	2.58
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.72	0.48	1.17	0.68	0.75
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.07	2.16	11.59	5.65	6.47
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.88	4.29	16.07	7.00	8.25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.28	2.49	6.28	1.61	2.25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.52	2.06	9.97	5.22	5.88
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.18	4.12	15.04	6.29	7.50
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.78	4.87	5.13
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	24.18	19.01	19.72
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	15.07	16.73	16.50
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.27	3.70	4.47
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.98	11.50	7.26	7.85

171013

OKLAHOMA

Table 83 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oklahoma, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	243	23	70	150	220
Past Year Marijuana Use	357	35	114	208	322
Past Month Marijuana Use	191	16	60	115	175
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	947	80	70	796	867
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	36	14	15	7	21
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	103	8	30	66	95
Past Year Cocaine Use	45	2	18	25	43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,345	179	296	1,870	2,166
Past Year Heroin Use	10	0	3	7	10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,723	202	354	2,167	2,521
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	153	14	38	102	140
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,352	27	223	1,102	1,324
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	672	15	139	518	657
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,421	137	156	1,128	1,284
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	84	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	50	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	988	23	152	813	965
Past Month Cigarette Use	786	15	123	647	771
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,161	195	276	1,690	1,966
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	84	9	25	50	75
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	23	2	5	16	21
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	174	7	42	126	167
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	219	14	56	150	206
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	65	9	24	33	56
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	161	6	40	114	154
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	200	13	55	132	187
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	23	109	132
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	92	453	545
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	57	378	435
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	32	76	109
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	43	44	172	216

171013

OKLAHOMA

Table 84 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oklahoma, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7.61	7.27	16.35	6.12	7.65
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.18	11.10	26.58	8.49	11.19
Past Month Marijuana Use	5.99	5.20	14.02	4.68	6.07
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	29.64	25.48	16.37	32.53	30.10
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.83	4.59	5.78	0.50	1.33
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.24	2.59	6.90	2.68	3.31
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.40	0.53	4.17	1.03	1.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	73.49	57.02	68.94	76.38	75.27
Past Year Heroin Use	0.31	0.06	0.66	0.28	0.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.34	64.30	82.60	88.49	87.61
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.81	4.38	8.75	4.17	4.85
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	42.34	8.71	51.94	44.99	46.02
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	21.05	4.90	32.39	21.14	22.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	44.51	43.47	36.41	46.06	44.62
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.04	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.84	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	30.95	7.31	35.50	33.19	33.53
Past Month Cigarette Use	24.61	4.78	28.74	26.44	26.78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.71	62.04	64.26	69.04	68.32
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.63	2.95	5.78	2.04	2.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.72	0.54	1.08	0.67	0.73
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.45	2.09	9.73	5.13	5.82
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.87	4.35	13.01	6.13	7.15
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.05	2.96	5.50	1.33	1.95
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.04	2.05	9.37	4.66	5.36
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.25	4.13	12.71	5.39	6.48
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.41	4.45	4.60
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.43	18.50	18.93
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.28	15.45	15.13
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.54	3.12	3.77
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.53	10.29	7.02	7.50

171013

OREGON

Table 85 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oregon, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	594	32	138	425	562
Past Year Marijuana Use	783	51	184	548	732
Past Month Marijuana Use	542	28	128	385	513
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	642	59	38	545	583
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	42	15	18	9	27
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	138	8	38	93	130
Past Year Cocaine Use	86	3	33	50	83
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	2,185	154	235	1,796	2,031
Past Year Heroin Use	16	0	4	12	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,813	181	338	2,295	2,633
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	188	10	43	134	177
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,025	29	262	1,734	1,996
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	806	15	157	634	791
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,446	115	138	1,192	1,331
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	86	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	52	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	785	18	144	623	767
Past Month Cigarette Use	628	13	114	501	615
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,472	203	271	1,997	2,268
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	131	14	39	78	117
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	25	2	5	18	24
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	244	8	50	186	236
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	330	17	75	237	312
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	118	14	35	70	105
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	231	8	45	178	223
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	321	18	70	233	303
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	33	131	164
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	119	596	714
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	67	486	553
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	48	112	160
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	46	56	193	249

171013

OREGON

Table 86 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Oregon, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	17.23	10.95	32.96	15.50	17.81
Past Year Marijuana Use	22.70	17.35	44.03	20.01	23.19
Past Month Marijuana Use	15.71	9.77	30.60	14.07	16.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.61	20.25	9.17	19.89	18.45
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.67	6.46	10.18	0.66	1.96
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.01	2.71	9.00	3.38	4.12
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.51	1.00	7.96	1.83	2.64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	63.35	52.72	56.20	65.57	64.32
Past Year Heroin Use	0.47	0.09	0.92	0.44	0.50
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.59	61.95	80.79	83.77	83.37
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	5.44	3.57	10.34	4.90	5.62
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	58.72	9.95	62.80	63.28	63.22
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.38	5.28	37.65	23.13	25.05
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.91	39.42	33.13	43.51	42.14
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.33	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	22.75	6.18	34.41	22.73	24.28
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.21	4.33	27.34	18.29	19.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.66	69.76	64.90	72.89	71.84
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.79	4.69	9.30	2.86	3.71
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.73	0.52	1.27	0.67	0.75
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	7.07	2.79	11.94	6.78	7.46
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	9.55	5.98	18.04	8.64	9.88
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	3.43	4.72	8.35	2.55	3.31
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.70	2.63	10.82	6.50	7.07
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	9.31	6.14	16.83	8.50	9.60
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	7.84	4.79	5.19
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	28.37	21.74	22.61
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	16.00	17.75	17.52
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	11.52	4.09	5.07
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	15.66	13.41	7.05	7.89

171013

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 87 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Pennsylvania, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,140	71	309	761	1,069
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,415	101	436	877	1,314
Past Month Marijuana Use	889	58	270	562	831
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	2,689	248	146	2,295	2,442
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	107	39	53	15	68
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	390	20	102	267	369
Past Year Cocaine Use	202	5	70	127	197
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	7,578	519	855	6,204	7,059
Past Year Heroin Use	47	1	11	35	46
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	9,339	610	1,137	7,592	8,729
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	475	27	103	345	448
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	6,050	93	837	5,119	5,957
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	3,015	51	600	2,363	2,963
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	4,264	394	426	3,443	3,870
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	325	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	221	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	2,924	59	486	2,378	2,865
Past Month Cigarette Use	2,328	36	377	1,915	2,292
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	7,615	648	908	6,059	6,967
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	288	23	93	172	265
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	77	4	16	57	73
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	609	20	161	428	590
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	807	33	223	550	774
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	261	21	82	158	240
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	594	19	156	419	575
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	744	32	210	502	712
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	75	341	416
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	305	1,556	1,861
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	176	1,446	1,621
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	122	316	438
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	114	148	529	677

171013

PENNSYLVANIA

Table 88 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Pennsylvania, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	10.51	7.60	22.97	8.87	10.78
Past Year Marijuana Use	13.05	10.93	32.45	10.24	13.25
Past Month Marijuana Use	8.20	6.25	20.04	6.55	8.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	24.78	26.68	10.88	26.78	24.60
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.80	4.56	8.08	0.35	1.35
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.59	2.20	7.61	3.11	3.72
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.87	0.56	5.22	1.48	1.99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	69.88	55.90	63.56	72.37	71.17
Past Year Heroin Use	0.44	0.11	0.84	0.41	0.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.14	65.75	84.56	88.56	88.02
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.38	2.91	7.65	4.03	4.52
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.78	10.02	62.27	59.72	60.07
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	27.80	5.51	44.66	27.56	29.88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	39.32	42.49	31.71	40.17	39.02
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.43	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.25	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	26.96	6.36	36.17	27.74	28.89
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.47	3.91	28.06	22.34	23.11
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.22	69.84	67.52	70.68	70.25
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.65	2.46	6.88	2.01	2.67
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.71	0.40	1.20	0.67	0.74
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.62	2.12	11.99	5.00	5.95
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.44	3.55	16.61	6.42	7.80
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.41	2.23	6.09	1.85	2.42
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.48	2.03	11.60	4.89	5.80
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.86	3.47	15.63	5.85	7.18
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.57	3.98	4.20
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	22.65	18.16	18.76
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.06	16.86	16.35
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.05	3.69	4.41
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.33	11.02	6.17	6.83

171013

RHODE ISLAND

Table 89 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Rhode Island, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	150	9	43	98	141
Past Year Marijuana Use	184	13	54	117	171
Past Month Marijuana Use	138	8	41	89	130
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	189	16	12	160	173
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	12	4	5	2	7
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	38	2	12	24	36
Past Year Cocaine Use	25	1	11	13	25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	624	43	79	502	581
Past Year Heroin Use	4	0	1	3	4
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	772	48	106	618	724
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	43	3	10	30	40
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	552	9	86	457	543
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	256	5	57	195	252
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	371	31	44	296	340
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	29	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	219	5	43	171	214
Past Month Cigarette Use	174	3	32	139	171
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	678	51	89	538	627
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	37	4	13	21	34
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	7	0	1	5	6
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	62	2	15	45	60
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	81	4	23	54	77
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	33	3	11	19	30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	59	2	14	44	58
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	77	4	21	52	73
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	7	28	35
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	30	129	160
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	21	136	157
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	12	25	37
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10	14	46	60

171013

RHODE ISLAND

Table 90 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Rhode Island, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	16.57	12.47	33.63	13.90	16.93
Past Year Marijuana Use	20.31	16.85	42.32	16.66	20.62
Past Month Marijuana Use	15.21	10.50	32.00	12.65	15.63
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	20.84	21.72	9.75	22.79	20.76
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.77	7.23	9.57	0.68	2.00
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.23	2.64	9.63	3.41	4.37
Past Year Cocaine Use	2.79	0.84	8.90	1.88	2.96
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	68.96	57.65	61.92	71.42	69.95
Past Year Heroin Use	0.44	0.09	0.74	0.42	0.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.35	64.05	82.91	88.01	87.22
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.75	3.55	7.99	4.29	4.86
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	61.03	12.10	67.35	65.05	65.40
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	28.34	6.54	44.37	27.73	30.29
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.97	41.26	34.38	42.14	40.94
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	24.94	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.98	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	24.16	6.17	33.62	24.34	25.77
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.19	3.69	24.92	19.79	20.58
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	74.94	68.14	69.71	76.61	75.54
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	4.11	4.81	9.82	3.00	4.05
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.74	0.48	1.04	0.71	0.76
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.84	2.32	11.98	6.39	7.25
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.92	5.62	17.86	7.64	9.22
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	3.68	4.61	8.76	2.66	3.60
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.56	2.22	11.03	6.20	6.94
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.53	5.68	16.48	7.39	8.79
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.71	3.97	4.24
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	23.60	18.43	19.23
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	16.54	19.40	18.96
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.55	3.57	4.49
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.72	11.17	6.52	7.23

171013

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 91 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Carolina, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	348	31	114	202	316
Past Year Marijuana Use	448	41	152	255	407
Past Month Marijuana Use	280	24	101	155	256
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,300	110	79	1,112	1,190
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	42	16	20	6	26
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	155	14	47	94	141
Past Year Cocaine Use	69	1	27	41	68
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,148	212	355	2,581	2,935
Past Year Heroin Use	10	0	3	7	10
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	3,609	245	432	2,931	3,363
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	187	15	46	126	172
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	1,861	32	291	1,538	1,829
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	929	17	193	719	912
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,790	156	190	1,445	1,635
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	110	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	71	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,148	27	201	920	1,121
Past Month Cigarette Use	927	18	155	753	909
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	2,895	243	341	2,311	2,652
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	119	12	40	68	107
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	32	2	6	25	31
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	236	8	56	172	228
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	318	16	82	221	302
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	109	11	39	60	98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	214	8	51	155	206
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	296	16	78	202	280
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	25	124	149
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	110	566	677
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	69	469	538
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	37	102	139
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	40	47	197	243

171013

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table 92 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Carolina, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.47	8.45	22.18	6.28	8.48
Past Year Marijuana Use	10.92	11.21	29.46	7.92	10.89
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.82	6.40	19.66	4.81	6.86
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	31.67	29.80	15.29	34.53	31.85
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.73	4.81	7.68	0.32	1.25
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.78	3.84	9.09	2.92	3.77
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.69	0.34	5.31	1.26	1.82
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	76.74	57.75	68.88	80.16	78.59
Past Year Heroin Use	0.24	0.07	0.54	0.21	0.26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.00	66.76	83.88	91.05	90.05
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.56	4.14	8.85	3.91	4.60
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	45.36	8.57	56.53	47.78	48.99
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	22.66	4.67	37.50	22.34	24.43
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	43.64	42.31	36.89	44.87	43.77
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.77	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.64	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	27.98	7.37	38.97	28.57	30.00
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.59	4.91	30.13	23.40	24.33
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.58	66.20	66.17	71.78	71.00
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.91	3.27	7.70	2.10	2.87
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.79	0.49	1.12	0.77	0.82
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.75	2.11	10.88	5.35	6.11
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.76	4.29	15.87	6.86	8.10
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.66	3.06	7.48	1.85	2.62
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.22	2.11	9.88	4.82	5.52
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.21	4.28	15.08	6.29	7.50
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4.79	3.85	3.98
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.43	17.59	18.12
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.42	14.58	14.42
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.25	3.17	3.73
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	10.83	9.06	6.11	6.52

171013

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 93 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Dakota, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	63	5	19	39	58
Past Year Marijuana Use	83	8	25	50	75
Past Month Marijuana Use	53	4	16	33	49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	190	19	13	158	171
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	8	3	4	1	5
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	22	2	7	13	20
Past Year Cocaine Use	8	0	3	5	8
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	495	35	60	400	460
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	1	2	2
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	581	40	73	467	541
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	32	3	8	21	29
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	411	7	60	344	404
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	205	5	44	156	201
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	261	26	25	210	236
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	203	5	37	161	198
Past Month Cigarette Use	164	5	29	130	160
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	472	43	58	372	429
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	20	2	6	12	18
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	5	0	1	4	5
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	51	2	12	37	49
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	63	4	15	44	59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	16	2	5	9	14
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	48	2	11	36	47
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	57	3	15	39	53
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5	21	26
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	20	92	113
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	14	81	95
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7	17	24
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	8	10	33	43

171013

SOUTH DAKOTA

Table 94 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in South Dakota, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.06	8.04	20.00	7.28	9.16
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.85	11.98	26.51	9.29	11.84
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.60	6.72	17.09	6.06	7.70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.20	29.37	14.01	29.25	26.98
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.94	4.75	7.32	0.45	1.46
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.21	3.29	7.35	2.48	3.20
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.22	0.75	3.65	0.85	1.27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	70.81	52.85	64.34	74.12	72.67
Past Year Heroin Use	0.36	0.10	0.81	0.31	0.39
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	83.09	60.32	78.71	86.61	85.44
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.55	4.05	8.36	3.94	4.60
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	58.85	10.66	64.72	63.76	63.90
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	29.37	6.82	47.51	28.99	31.73
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	37.37	38.82	27.04	39.00	37.22
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	23.58	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	16.91	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	29.08	8.32	39.58	29.80	31.25
Past Month Cigarette Use	23.53	7.17	31.67	24.14	25.25
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	67.58	64.95	62.21	68.84	67.86
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.89	3.59	6.07	2.26	2.82
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.72	0.50	1.19	0.67	0.74
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	7.27	2.87	12.96	6.82	7.73
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.96	5.78	15.82	8.16	9.29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.30	2.99	5.79	1.61	2.23
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.91	2.44	11.55	6.66	7.38
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.12	5.03	15.86	7.15	8.44
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.61	3.86	4.12
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.97	17.11	17.83
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	14.67	15.00	14.95
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	7.47	3.19	3.82
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.79	10.90	6.16	6.86

171013

TENNESSEE

Table 95 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Tennessee, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	515	40	149	326	475
Past Year Marijuana Use	709	60	207	442	649
Past Month Marijuana Use	433	31	128	273	402
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,673	150	115	1,408	1,523
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	57	24	26	7	34
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	198	13	56	129	185
Past Year Cocaine Use	94	2	33	58	91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,227	306	485	3,436	3,921
Past Year Heroin Use	14	0	4	10	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,770	339	586	3,846	4,432
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	263	20	66	177	243
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,369	40	347	1,982	2,329
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,128	23	219	887	1,105
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,600	243	269	2,088	2,357
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	138	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	89	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,682	38	255	1,389	1,644
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,371	26	205	1,140	1,345
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,840	337	452	3,051	3,503
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	155	17	51	87	138
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	48	2	10	36	45
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	279	9	72	198	270
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	379	21	97	262	359
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	138	15	48	75	122
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	258	10	66	182	249
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	343	20	91	233	323
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	39	211	250
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	153	834	986
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	90	669	759
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	58	170	229
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	62	78	277	355

171013

TENNESSEE

Table 96 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Tennessee, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	9.31	7.89	21.25	7.54	9.46
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.82	11.83	29.54	10.23	12.92
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.82	6.16	18.34	6.32	7.99
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	30.23	29.47	16.45	32.57	30.30
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.64	4.96	6.53	0.27	1.11
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.58	2.51	8.01	2.99	3.69
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.69	0.49	4.66	1.35	1.81
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	76.41	60.19	69.22	79.48	78.04
Past Year Heroin Use	0.26	0.05	0.59	0.23	0.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.25	66.58	83.66	88.96	88.21
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.75	3.93	9.44	4.09	4.84
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	42.83	7.94	49.58	45.84	46.36
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	20.40	4.53	31.20	20.51	22.00
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	46.99	47.71	38.38	48.30	46.91
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.34	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.21	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	30.41	7.48	36.40	32.13	32.73
Past Month Cigarette Use	24.78	5.07	29.32	26.36	26.78
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.41	66.21	64.53	70.58	69.74
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.80	3.28	7.30	2.02	2.75
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.86	0.49	1.37	0.82	0.90
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.05	1.85	10.22	4.59	5.38
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.86	4.04	13.81	6.06	7.14
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.49	3.02	6.81	1.72	2.43
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.67	1.90	9.47	4.22	4.95
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.20	3.90	12.93	5.39	6.44
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.62	4.87	4.98
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.79	19.28	19.63
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	12.88	15.46	15.10
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.33	3.94	4.55
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.13	11.12	6.41	7.06

171013

TEXAS

Table 97 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Texas, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	1,685	181	531	973	1,504
Past Year Marijuana Use	2,264	251	784	1,229	2,013
Past Month Marijuana Use	1,320	142	450	729	1,178
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	8,153	767	599	6,787	7,386
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	217	99	100	18	118
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	645	78	197	371	568
Past Year Cocaine Use	316	14	145	157	302
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	17,059	1,391	2,149	13,519	15,668
Past Year Heroin Use	46	1	13	31	45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	19,298	1,603	2,582	15,113	17,695
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	1,000	101	213	686	899
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	10,523	212	1,624	8,687	10,311
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	5,287	119	1,069	4,099	5,169
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	10,842	1,100	1,287	8,454	9,742
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	620	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	392	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	5,157	106	890	4,162	5,051
Past Month Cigarette Use	4,152	70	736	3,347	4,083
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	16,403	1,618	2,127	12,659	14,785
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	536	76	191	269	460
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	144	18	29	97	126
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	1,139	57	299	783	1,082
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	1,491	109	422	960	1,382
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	480	73	189	218	406
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	1,143	55	309	778	1,087
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	1,418	103	405	910	1,316
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	148	503	650
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	599	2,597	3,196
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	275	1,911	2,185
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	258	441	699
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	286	281	851	1,132

171013

TEXAS

Table 98 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Texas, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7.54	7.56	17.23	5.78	7.54
Past Year Marijuana Use	10.14	10.47	25.42	7.30	10.10
Past Month Marijuana Use	5.91	5.94	14.58	4.33	5.91
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	36.51	32.04	19.43	40.29	37.05
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.50	4.52	5.50	0.18	0.97
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.89	3.24	6.40	2.20	2.85
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.41	0.57	4.69	0.93	1.51
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	76.44	58.07	69.70	80.27	78.63
Past Year Heroin Use	0.20	0.04	0.44	0.19	0.22
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	86.48	66.91	83.74	89.73	88.80
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.48	4.22	6.92	4.07	4.51
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	47.14	8.86	52.66	51.58	51.74
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.68	4.95	34.68	24.34	25.94
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.57	45.93	41.75	50.20	48.88
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	17.29	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.91	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	23.10	4.42	28.86	24.71	25.35
Past Month Cigarette Use	18.60	2.90	23.86	19.87	20.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	73.49	67.55	68.97	75.16	74.20
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.40	3.16	6.20	1.60	2.31
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.64	0.73	0.96	0.58	0.63
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.10	2.38	9.69	4.65	5.43
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.68	4.54	13.68	5.70	6.93
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.15	3.06	6.12	1.29	2.04
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.12	2.31	10.03	4.62	5.46
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	6.35	4.30	13.14	5.41	6.60
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4.80	2.98	3.26
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	19.41	15.42	16.04
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	8.91	11.35	10.97
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.38	2.62	3.51
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	11.95	9.11	5.05	5.68

171013

UTAH

Table 99 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Utah, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	176	18	58	100	158
Past Year Marijuana Use	229	28	84	116	201
Past Month Marijuana Use	125	13	47	65	112
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	781	119	74	588	662
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	29	11	15	3	18
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	79	6	23	49	73
Past Year Cocaine Use	31	2	14	14	28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,759	179	273	1,307	1,579
Past Year Heroin Use	7	0	2	5	7
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	2,011	194	325	1,492	1,817
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	117	11	32	74	106
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	709	15	145	549	693
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	392	10	108	274	382
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,164	151	167	845	1,012
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	45	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	34	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	367	10	82	275	357
Past Month Cigarette Use	319	8	72	239	311
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,790	216	275	1,300	1,575
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	63	8	27	29	56
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	21	2	6	14	20
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	102	6	34	62	96
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	145	12	46	87	132
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	58	8	25	26	50
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	107	5	35	66	101
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	133	9	45	78	123
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	26	82	108
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	98	366	464
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	61	267	327
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	41	77	117
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	41	42	121	162

171013

UTAH

Table 100 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Utah, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7.37	5.96	15.04	5.88	7.57
Past Year Marijuana Use	9.62	9.64	21.76	6.87	9.62
Past Month Marijuana Use	5.25	4.32	12.07	3.86	5.38
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	32.85	40.35	19.18	34.69	31.79
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.63	3.47	5.71	0.29	1.26
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.31	2.07	6.06	2.90	3.48
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.28	0.81	3.53	0.85	1.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	74.02	60.86	70.43	77.08	75.85
Past Year Heroin Use	0.31	0.06	0.49	0.31	0.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.65	65.94	84.00	88.01	87.26
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.93	3.71	8.29	4.37	5.10
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	29.83	5.25	37.41	32.37	33.29
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	16.49	3.54	27.81	16.18	18.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	48.95	51.32	43.19	49.86	48.61
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	10.71	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	8.13	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	15.45	3.36	21.30	16.22	17.15
Past Month Cigarette Use	13.43	2.85	18.63	14.09	14.92
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	75.31	73.13	70.97	76.69	75.62
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.66	2.60	6.85	1.72	2.67
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.89	0.51	1.54	0.81	0.95
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.28	1.87	8.74	3.69	4.62
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.08	4.16	11.82	5.11	6.35
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.43	2.54	6.38	1.51	2.41
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.48	1.85	9.06	3.89	4.85
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	5.57	3.19	11.59	4.62	5.91
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.77	4.84	5.20
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	25.20	21.61	22.27
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	15.70	15.73	15.72
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.49	4.52	5.62
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.81	10.74	7.12	7.78

171013

VERMONT

Table 101 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Vermont, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	99	5	30	64	94
Past Year Marijuana Use	118	7	36	76	112
Past Month Marijuana Use	92	4	29	60	88
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	99	9	6	84	90
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	7	2	3	1	4
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	25	1	10	14	25
Past Year Cocaine Use	16	0	8	8	16
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	356	24	39	294	332
Past Year Heroin Use	3	0	1	2	3
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	457	28	59	370	429
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	26	1	7	17	25
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	327	6	52	270	321
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	146	3	36	107	143
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	194	15	19	161	179
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	152	4	33	116	148
Past Month Cigarette Use	121	3	27	92	119
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	384	30	49	305	355
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	21	2	8	11	19
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	5	0	1	3	5
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	37	1	11	24	36
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	50	2	16	32	48
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	18	1	7	9	16
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	33	1	10	22	32
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	45	2	15	28	43
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5	22	27
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21	83	104
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	17	85	102
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8	20	27
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	5	9	29	38

171013

VERMONT

Table 102 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Vermont, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	18.20	10.90	40.00	15.12	18.83
Past Year Marijuana Use	21.79	15.64	48.06	17.81	22.32
Past Month Marijuana Use	16.96	9.44	38.16	14.00	17.60
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.23	20.62	7.70	19.85	18.02
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	3.08	6.53	12.40	0.70	2.41
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	4.68	2.15	13.92	3.32	4.90
Past Year Cocaine Use	3.02	1.14	10.83	1.84	3.18
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.56	55.27	51.77	69.00	66.42
Past Year Heroin Use	0.56	0.15	1.19	0.49	0.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	84.14	64.73	79.18	86.93	85.77
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.81	3.24	9.71	4.10	4.94
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	60.17	12.86	69.00	63.39	64.22
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	26.90	7.82	47.52	25.21	28.53
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	35.76	34.64	25.03	37.75	35.85
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	28.86	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	20.65	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	27.99	8.59	43.90	27.16	29.65
Past Month Cigarette Use	22.33	6.23	35.63	21.62	23.70
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	70.78	69.26	66.16	71.74	70.91
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.79	3.87	10.99	2.52	3.78
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.90	0.40	1.82	0.79	0.94
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.80	2.60	15.21	5.75	7.16
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	9.26	5.41	21.89	7.44	9.59
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	3.28	3.23	9.72	2.15	3.28
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.08	2.39	13.13	5.21	6.39
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.31	4.93	20.66	6.49	8.60
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.27	5.16	5.32
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	28.30	19.55	20.85
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	22.34	20.05	20.39
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	10.34	4.64	5.48
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.45	12.10	6.82	7.60

171013

VIRGINIA

Table 103 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Virginia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	575	43	176	356	532
Past Year Marijuana Use	768	66	274	429	702
Past Month Marijuana Use	476	34	159	283	443
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,927	165	121	1,641	1,762
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	73	28	35	10	45
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	204	15	59	130	189
Past Year Cocaine Use	103	3	38	62	100
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	4,935	344	548	4,042	4,590
Past Year Heroin Use	26	0	7	19	26
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	5,939	404	735	4,801	5,535
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	288	22	65	200	265
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,613	64	547	3,002	3,549
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,704	33	362	1,309	1,671
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,940	268	297	2,375	2,672
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	180	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	112	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,653	35	287	1,331	1,618
Past Month Cigarette Use	1,355	24	237	1,094	1,332
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,997	433	602	3,962	4,565
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	180	17	59	103	162
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	45	3	8	34	42
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	396	13	96	286	383
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	512	23	136	354	489
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	159	16	56	86	142
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	394	12	96	286	381
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	487	23	127	338	464
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	50	241	291
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	213	1,048	1,261
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	124	921	1,045
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	76	175	251
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	79	105	396	501

171013

VIRGINIA

Table 104 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Virginia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.28	6.87	19.81	6.55	8.42
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.06	10.51	30.81	7.89	11.11
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.86	5.35	17.94	5.22	7.01
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	27.73	26.30	13.58	30.23	27.87
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.86	4.92	7.61	0.33	1.34
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.94	2.46	6.61	2.39	2.99
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.48	0.43	4.31	1.15	1.59
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.06	54.93	61.68	74.45	72.64
Past Year Heroin Use	0.38	0.01	0.76	0.35	0.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.55	64.44	82.75	88.40	87.61
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.14	3.58	7.36	3.68	4.20
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.02	10.20	61.60	55.28	56.17
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	24.53	5.32	40.75	24.10	26.44
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	42.32	42.74	33.39	43.74	42.28
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	19.63	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	12.23	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	23.81	5.63	32.30	24.52	25.61
Past Month Cigarette Use	19.52	3.77	26.72	20.15	21.08
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.96	69.07	67.81	72.97	72.24
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.58	2.75	6.66	1.90	2.57
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.65	0.53	0.88	0.63	0.66
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.70	2.08	10.85	5.28	6.06
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	7.38	3.71	15.27	6.51	7.74
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.29	2.63	6.31	1.59	2.25
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.67	1.95	10.79	5.26	6.04
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.02	3.65	14.28	6.22	7.35
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.62	4.43	4.60
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	23.98	19.30	19.96
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.97	16.95	16.54
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.57	3.21	3.96
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	12.56	11.88	7.29	7.94

171013

WASHINGTON

Table 105 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Washington, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	818	52	184	581	766
Past Year Marijuana Use	1,140	72	284	784	1,068
Past Month Marijuana Use	724	42	174	508	682
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,142	98	82	963	1,045
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	76	26	32	18	50
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	215	14	54	148	202
Past Year Cocaine Use	117	4	43	70	113
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,931	278	440	3,213	3,653
Past Year Heroin Use	28	0	6	21	27
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,908	318	593	3,997	4,590
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	324	20	58	246	304
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	3,364	47	428	2,889	3,317
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,415	26	270	1,120	1,389
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	2,469	204	263	2,002	2,265
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	148	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	96	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,203	29	222	953	1,175
Past Month Cigarette Use	957	19	172	766	938
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	4,303	361	506	3,436	3,942
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	192	22	53	117	170
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	48	3	9	36	45
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	345	12	80	253	333
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	492	29	111	352	463
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	177	21	47	109	156
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	349	11	80	258	338
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	458	27	99	332	431
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	44	219	264
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	189	950	1,139
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	101	799	900
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	72	188	260
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	70	90	332	422

171013

WASHINGTON

Table 106 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Washington, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	13.58	9.78	24.72	12.23	13.94
Past Year Marijuana Use	18.93	13.54	38.12	16.49	19.45
Past Month Marijuana Use	12.02	7.93	23.30	10.69	12.41
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	18.92	18.40	11.00	20.26	18.97
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.44	5.39	8.54	0.74	1.88
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.58	2.57	7.18	3.12	3.67
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.94	0.79	5.75	1.47	2.05
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	65.19	52.24	58.96	67.62	66.43
Past Year Heroin Use	0.46	0.08	0.81	0.44	0.49
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	81.43	59.79	79.55	84.12	83.49
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	5.37	3.71	7.82	5.17	5.53
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	55.80	8.86	57.37	60.80	60.34
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	23.48	4.83	36.15	23.56	25.28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.94	38.32	35.26	42.14	41.19
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	18.43	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	11.93	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	19.97	5.38	29.79	20.05	21.38
Past Month Cigarette Use	15.89	3.61	23.08	16.12	17.07
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	71.37	67.88	67.87	72.31	71.70
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	3.19	4.11	7.17	2.46	3.10
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.79	0.52	1.16	0.76	0.82
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	5.73	2.30	10.70	5.32	6.06
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.17	5.43	14.93	7.40	8.43
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.94	3.97	6.27	2.30	2.84
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	5.79	2.06	10.72	5.43	6.15
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.60	4.99	13.26	6.99	7.85
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	5.95	4.62	4.80
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	25.34	19.99	20.72
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.49	16.83	16.37
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.67	3.96	4.73
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.23	12.10	6.98	7.68

171013

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 107 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in West Virginia, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	130	10	36	84	120
Past Year Marijuana Use	179	16	52	111	163
Past Month Marijuana Use	106	8	31	67	98
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	438	32	24	381	405
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	15	7	7	2	9
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	46	3	12	31	43
Past Year Cocaine Use	24	1	10	13	23
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	1,189	73	124	992	1,116
Past Year Heroin Use	9	0	2	6	9
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	1,384	87	157	1,139	1,296
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	67	5	15	48	63
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	636	14	101	521	622
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	353	8	74	271	345
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	636	48	58	531	588
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	47	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	32	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	597	16	82	499	581
Past Month Cigarette Use	465	10	66	389	455
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	1,025	84	112	829	940
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	42	4	13	25	37
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	13	1	3	10	13
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	70	3	21	47	67
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	97	6	26	65	91
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	37	4	11	22	33
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	68	3	19	46	65
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	92	6	25	61	86
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	12	63	74
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	41	259	300
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	26	218	244
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	16	46	62
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	18	22	97	118

171013

WEST VIRGINIA

Table 108 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in West Virginia, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.30	7.40	19.32	6.76	8.38
Past Year Marijuana Use	11.45	12.30	28.07	8.90	11.37
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.76	5.94	16.56	5.39	6.83
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	28.01	25.16	13.08	30.52	28.26
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.73	5.53	7.41	0.28	1.16
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.95	2.43	6.29	2.51	2.99
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.55	0.70	5.29	1.08	1.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	76.14	56.74	67.03	79.47	77.86
Past Year Heroin Use	0.57	0.02	1.27	0.52	0.62
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	88.64	67.96	84.79	91.30	90.46
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.31	3.59	8.12	3.82	4.37
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	40.71	10.70	54.37	41.77	43.39
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	22.59	6.13	39.98	21.71	24.06
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	40.75	37.44	31.12	42.51	41.04
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.57	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15.33	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	38.25	12.38	44.33	40.01	40.57
Past Month Cigarette Use	29.79	7.84	35.80	31.14	31.75
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	65.62	65.59	60.25	66.41	65.62
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.67	3.47	6.82	1.97	2.60
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.86	0.39	1.50	0.82	0.91
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	4.47	2.14	11.09	3.73	4.68
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	6.22	5.00	14.21	5.17	6.33
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.34	2.90	5.86	1.77	2.29
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	4.34	2.28	10.04	3.71	4.52
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	5.91	4.65	13.62	4.90	6.02
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.22	5.03	5.18
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	21.96	20.75	20.90
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.88	17.47	17.01
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.72	3.66	4.31
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	13.90	11.76	7.75	8.26

171013

WISCONSIN

Table 109 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wisconsin, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	414	35	124	255	379
Past Year Marijuana Use	592	62	191	339	530
Past Month Marijuana Use	359	31	108	220	328
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	1,144	111	76	957	1,033
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	59	24	27	8	35
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	144	11	39	94	133
Past Year Cocaine Use	67	3	27	37	64
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	3,495	242	405	2,847	3,253
Past Year Heroin Use	15	1	4	10	14
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	4,149	283	514	3,352	3,866
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	196	15	45	136	181
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	2,957	49	430	2,479	2,909
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	1,465	27	295	1,143	1,438
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	1,677	159	180	1,338	1,518
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	141	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	92	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	1,236	28	202	1,007	1,208
Past Month Cigarette Use	997	19	152	825	978
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	3,382	305	418	2,660	3,077
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	117	15	40	62	101
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	33	2	6	24	31
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	348	12	88	248	336
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	425	23	110	291	402
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	112	14	38	60	98
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	325	11	77	237	314
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	401	22	109	270	379
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	39	148	187
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	150	667	817
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	97	612	709
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	59	136	195
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	64	75	223	298

171013

WISCONSIN

Table 110 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wisconsin, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	8.52	7.96	19.80	6.72	8.58
Past Year Marijuana Use	12.18	13.90	30.44	8.96	12.01
Past Month Marijuana Use	7.38	6.96	17.26	5.80	7.42
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	23.52	24.93	12.16	25.26	23.38
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	2.27	5.91	8.68	0.44	1.62
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	2.96	2.38	6.18	2.49	3.01
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.38	0.68	4.34	0.97	1.45
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	71.93	54.36	64.74	75.18	73.69
Past Year Heroin Use	0.30	0.14	0.66	0.26	0.32
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.41	63.49	82.07	88.51	87.59
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.03	3.39	7.18	3.58	4.09
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	60.86	10.90	68.59	65.45	65.90
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	30.15	6.13	47.04	30.18	32.57
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	34.51	35.67	28.72	35.33	34.39
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	22.44	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	14.71	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	25.44	6.21	32.18	26.58	27.38
Past Month Cigarette Use	20.51	4.33	24.34	21.79	22.15
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	69.60	68.35	66.71	70.22	69.72
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.40	3.43	6.36	1.63	2.30
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.68	0.54	1.00	0.65	0.70
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	7.16	2.63	14.03	6.56	7.62
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.74	5.16	17.62	7.69	9.10
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.31	3.22	6.05	1.59	2.22
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.68	2.41	12.29	6.26	7.12
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	8.26	4.96	17.46	7.13	8.60
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.21	3.91	4.24
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	24.00	17.61	18.51
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	15.55	16.15	16.07
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	9.41	3.59	4.41
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	14.45	11.97	5.88	6.74

171013

WYOMING

Table 111 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wyoming, by Age Group: Estimated Numbers (in Thousands), Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual number of marijuana initiates = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	38	4	11	24	35
Past Year Marijuana Use	51	6	17	29	46
Past Month Marijuana Use	30	3	9	18	28
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	130	12	10	108	118
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	5	2	2	1	3
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	15	1	4	10	14
Past Year Cocaine Use	7	0	3	3	6
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	350	25	40	285	326
Past Year Heroin Use	2	0	0	1	2
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	409	28	51	331	382
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	22	2	5	15	20
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	250	4	38	208	246
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	120	2	26	91	118
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	202	17	22	162	184
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	15	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	9	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	138	4	25	109	134
Past Month Cigarette Use	105	3	18	84	102
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	320	28	40	252	292
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	12	2	4	7	11
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	4	0	1	3	3
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	32	1	8	22	30
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	40	3	10	27	37
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	10	2	4	5	9
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	31	1	7	22	30
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	36	2	9	24	33
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	4	16	20
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	15	70	85
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	8	53	61
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	5	13	18
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	7	8	25	33

171013

WYOMING

Table 112 – Selected Drug Use, Perceptions of Great Risk, Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Treatment, and Past Year Mental Health Measures in Wyoming, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2015-2016 NSDUHs
Measure	12+	12-17	18-25	26+	18+
-- Not available. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ First Use of Marijuana is defined as follows: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. ⁴ For details, see Section B of the "2015-2016 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ⁵ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ⁶ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In 2015, the definition for females changed from five to four drinks. ⁷ Underage drinking is defined for individuals aged 12 to 20; therefore, the "12+" estimate reflects that age group and not individuals aged 12 or older. ⁸ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁹ Substance Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ¹⁰ Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met the criteria for a substance use disorder as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). ¹¹ Mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Any mental illness (AMI) includes adults with any mental disorder regardless of whether their disorder resulted in functional impairment. Serious mental illness (SMI) includes adults with any mental disorder that resulted in serious functional impairment. ¹² Mental health services are defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. ¹³ Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ¹⁴ Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS
Past Month Illicit Drug Use^1,2	7.94	8.30	17.50	6.31	7.90
Past Year Marijuana Use	10.62	12.63	26.98	7.68	10.42
Past Month Marijuana Use	6.27	5.81	15.00	4.88	6.31
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month	26.96	26.74	15.61	28.89	26.99
First Use of Marijuana^3,4	1.93	4.96	7.66	0.41	1.42
Past Month Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana^1,2	3.05	2.52	6.23	2.59	3.11
Past Year Cocaine Use	1.42	0.98	4.81	0.91	1.47
Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month	72.78	55.68	64.83	76.10	74.49
Past Year Heroin Use	0.33	0.09	0.76	0.29	0.35
Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice	85.08	62.68	81.96	88.20	87.31
Past Year Misuse of Pain Relievers^2,5	4.53	3.80	8.37	3.98	4.60
ALCOHOL
Past Month Alcohol Use	52.00	9.73	61.28	55.45	56.28
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use⁶	24.96	5.64	42.28	24.38	26.92
Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week	41.92	39.69	35.21	43.29	42.14
Past Month Alcohol Use⁷ (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	21.76	--	--	--	--
Past Month Binge Alcohol Use^6,7 (Individuals Aged 12 to 20)	13.90	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Past Month Tobacco Product Use⁸	28.61	8.09	40.21	29.11	30.69
Past Month Cigarette Use	21.73	5.88	29.36	22.34	23.34
Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day	66.52	64.36	64.20	67.16	66.74
PAST YEAR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT
Illicit Drug Use Disorder^1,2,9	2.56	3.93	6.15	1.80	2.42
Pain Reliever Use Disorder^2,5,9	0.74	0.62	1.27	0.67	0.75
Alcohol Use Disorder⁹	6.54	2.86	12.83	5.94	6.92
Substance Use Disorder^1,2,9	8.24	6.37	15.58	7.25	8.43
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use^1,2,10	2.17	3.74	5.81	1.38	2.01
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use¹⁰	6.38	2.61	11.71	5.94	6.76
Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Substance Use^1,2,10	7.38	5.19	14.54	6.45	7.60
PAST YEAR MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
Serious Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	6.73	4.27	4.62
Any Mental Illness^4,11	--	--	23.71	18.76	19.46
Received Mental Health Services¹²	--	--	13.20	14.11	13.98
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide¹³	--	--	8.66	3.39	4.14
Major Depressive Episode^4,14	--	15.00	12.71	6.69	7.54