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Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:
Detailed Tables

190404
Table 4.1D – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 117 103 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.28 0.25
AGE GROUP                
12-25 87 83 0.15 0.14 0.22 0.20 0.52 0.55
12-17 52 56 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.25 1.32 1.45
12-13 14 14 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 * *
14-15 32 39 0.37 0.45 0.40 0.48 2.44 2.71
16-17 41 41 0.44 0.45 0.56 0.57 1.52 1.65
18 or Older 107 90 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.27 0.22
18-25 73 64 0.21 0.19 0.41 0.35 0.56 0.54
18-20 63 54 0.43 0.37 0.69 0.60 1.10 1.02
21-25 44 39 0.20 0.18 0.43 0.39 0.54 0.53
26 or Older 68 61 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.26 0.21
GENDER                
Male 75 69 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.10 0.31 0.28
Female 86 75 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.48 0.40
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 35 35 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.31 1.81 1.94
Female 12-17 38 42 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.38 1.88 1.99
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.1P – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL da   0.9483   0.9237   0.3125  
AGE GROUP                
12-25 da   0.7221   0.9204   0.6767  
12-17 da   0.0688   0.0821   0.0313  
12-13 da   0.6966   0.7063   *  
14-15 da   0.2090   0.1972   0.5541  
16-17 da   0.2073   0.2809   0.0558  
18 or Older da   0.3750   0.3880   0.0978  
18-25 da   0.3110   0.1905   0.3153  
18-20 da   0.1995   0.2631   0.0849  
21-25 da   0.7788   0.5234   0.8975  
26 or Older da   0.9549   0.9797   0.5717  
GENDER                
Male da   0.8438   0.8035   0.7481  
Female da   0.9287   0.9226   0.2238  
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 da   0.3192   0.3436   0.3126  
Female 12-17 da   0.1138   0.1299   0.0396  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.2D – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 80 89 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.15
AGE GROUP                
12-25 74 79 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.57 0.67
12-17 37 38 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 1.85 2.12
12-13 9 10 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 * *
14-15 21 23 0.24 0.27 0.26 0.29 3.31 3.84
16-17 28 29 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.38 2.22 2.63
18 or Older 69 77 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.14
18-25 61 65 0.18 0.19 0.33 0.33 0.56 0.65
18-20 55 56 0.40 0.40 0.58 0.56 1.39 1.46
21-25 39 36 0.17 0.17 0.38 0.34 0.49 0.54
26 or Older 29 29 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06
GENDER                
Male 59 63 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.12 0.19 0.20
Female 54 57 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.21 0.22
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 26 25 0.21 0.20 0.23 0.22 2.43 2.86
Female 12-17 27 28 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.24 2.75 3.00
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.2P – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL da   0.4695   0.2184   0.7261  
AGE GROUP                
12-25 da   0.7420   0.3511   0.1070  
12-17 da   0.5410   0.4655   0.2312  
12-13 da   0.6064   0.5971   *  
14-15 da   0.6645   0.6440   0.9564  
16-17 da   0.7921   0.6452   0.1739  
18 or Older da   0.6399   0.3485   0.8323  
18-25 da   0.9892   0.3837   0.1639  
18-20 da   0.5193   0.2903   0.5086  
21-25 da   0.5306   0.9496   0.1897  
26 or Older da   0.4609   0.4029   0.4605  
GENDER                
Male da   0.3135   0.1481   0.6095  
Female da   0.9677   0.7878   0.9797  
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 da   0.2144   0.1844   0.9091  
Female 12-17 da   0.7354   0.7966   0.0821  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.3D – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 136 129 0.05 0.05 0.24 0.23 0.08 0.07
AGE GROUP                
12-25 114 119 0.19 0.20 0.40 0.38 0.35 0.39
12-17 66 76 0.26 0.30 0.32 0.36 0.96 1.12
12-13 24 23 0.31 0.29 0.32 0.31 3.83 3.79
14-15 43 50 0.49 0.56 0.56 0.64 1.77 1.92
16-17 56 56 0.59 0.60 0.84 0.81 1.29 1.38
18 or Older 118 94 0.05 0.04 0.32 0.26 0.07 0.05
18-25 95 86 0.28 0.25 0.98 0.81 0.37 0.35
18-20 80 68 0.54 0.46 1.17 0.96 0.88 0.78
21-25 66 60 0.28 0.28 1.65 1.48 0.34 0.34
26 or Older 38 16 0.02 0.01 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.01
GENDER                
Male 95 83 0.07 0.06 0.38 0.33 0.11 0.09
Female 91 89 0.07 0.06 0.29 0.28 0.10 0.10
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 48 47 0.38 0.37 0.45 0.44 1.45 1.53
Female 12-17 49 55 0.40 0.45 0.49 0.53 1.44 1.51
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.3P – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Demographic Characteristic Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL da   0.7196   0.6854   0.7817  
AGE GROUP                
12-25 da   0.6618   0.7188   0.2685  
12-17 da   0.5991   0.8119   0.0299  
12-13 da   0.3002   0.3115   0.7354  
14-15 da   0.1379   0.1575   0.1297  
16-17 da   0.9935   0.4855   0.1579  
18 or Older da   0.4899   0.4905   0.5150  
18-25 da   0.9006   0.3083   0.7042  
18-20 da   0.7617   0.2434   0.9094  
21-25 da   0.7789   0.8653   0.7491  
26 or Older da   0.0496   0.0525   0.0496  
GENDER                
Male da   0.8086   0.9357   0.8355  
Female da   0.7727   0.6269   0.8420  
GENDER/AGE GROUP                
Male 12-17 da   0.5736   0.5815   0.2406  
Female 12-17 da   0.8408   0.8240   0.0652  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.4D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 117 103 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.28 0.25
Cocaine 69 67 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.07 1.15
Crack 21 26 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.21 3.31
Heroin 17 24 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.93 3.01
Hallucinogens 68 72 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.21 1.19
LSD 51 60 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.94 2.19
PCP 8 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 * *
Ecstasy 56 58 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.96 2.04
Inhalants 42 45 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.19 2.19
Methamphetamine 31 31 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.85 1.58
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 119 121 0.04 0.04 nr nr 0.99 1.10
Stimulants 76 64 0.03 0.02 nr nr 1.20 1.12
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 102 88 0.04 0.03 nr nr 1.48 1.43
Sedatives 42 38 0.02 0.01 nr nr 2.91 3.25
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 80 89 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.15
Daily Cigarette Use 47 43 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 61 66 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.53 0.59
CIGARS 107 101 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.45 0.43
ALCOHOL 136 129 0.05 0.05 0.24 0.23 0.08 0.07
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.4P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.9483   0.9237   0.3125  
Cocaine da   0.0749   0.0719   0.3029  
Crack da   0.5995   0.6030   0.2692  
Heroin da   0.2482   0.2494   0.1485  
Hallucinogens da   0.3869   0.4161   0.0491  
LSD da   0.7777   0.8150   0.5058  
PCP da   0.3573   0.3572   *  
Ecstasy da   0.3657   0.3808   0.2916  
Inhalants da   0.9680   0.9507   0.2010  
Methamphetamine da   0.8407   0.8397   0.6893  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.5072   nr   0.4868  
Stimulants da   0.0497   nr   0.6270  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.0739   nr   0.1202  
Sedatives da   0.7184   nr   0.4772  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.4695   0.2184   0.7261  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.0692   0.0558   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.2766   0.2475   0.7518  
CIGARS da   0.5937   0.5749   0.9145  
ALCOHOL da   0.7196   0.6854   0.7817  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.5D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 52 56 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.25 1.32 1.45
Cocaine 14 15 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 * *
Crack 4 3 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 * *
Heroin 4 4 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 * *
Hallucinogens 28 23 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.10 3.39 3.83
LSD 20 18 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 4.30 5.05
PCP 5 3 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 * *
Ecstasy 20 18 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 * *
Inhalants 25 29 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.12 3.27 2.88
Methamphetamine 7 8 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 * *
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 29 28 0.11 0.11 nr nr 2.92 3.14
Stimulants 25 19 0.10 0.08 nr nr 3.62 3.94
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 23 23 0.09 0.09 nr nr 3.41 3.74
Sedatives 9 10 0.04 0.04 nr nr * *
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 37 38 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 1.85 2.12
Daily Cigarette Use 13 11 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 29 25 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.10 2.47 2.75
CIGARS 35 31 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.13 2.10 2.45
ALCOHOL 66 76 0.26 0.30 0.32 0.36 0.96 1.12
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.5P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.0688   0.0821   0.0313  
Cocaine da   0.2560   0.2578   *  
Crack da   0.2765   0.2763   *  
Heroin da   0.6803   0.6797   *  
Hallucinogens da   0.0027   0.0026   0.3011  
LSD da   0.0782   0.0786   0.5909  
PCP da   0.2565   0.2564   *  
Ecstasy da   0.1220   0.1216   *  
Inhalants da   0.6149   0.6227   0.3795  
Methamphetamine da   0.6657   0.6674   *  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.8907   nr   0.4303  
Stimulants da   0.2549   nr   0.8359  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.8201   nr   0.6578  
Sedatives da   0.8741   nr   *  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.5410   0.4655   0.2312  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.1691   0.1691   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.0240   0.0230   0.2788  
CIGARS da   0.0230   0.0186   0.9055  
ALCOHOL da   0.5991   0.8119   0.0299  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.6D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 or Older, Persons Aged 18 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 107 90 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.27 0.22
Cocaine 68 66 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.07 1.16
Crack 20 26 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.19 3.30
Heroin 17 24 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.91 2.99
Hallucinogens 61 68 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.21 1.20
LSD 48 58 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 2.04 2.31
PCP * * * * * * * *
Ecstasy 53 55 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.03 2.03
Inhalants 37 33 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 2.69 2.49
Methamphetamine 30 29 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.85 1.53
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 117 115 0.05 0.05 nr nr 1.04 1.13
Stimulants 70 60 0.03 0.02 nr nr 1.20 1.15
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 98 86 0.04 0.03 nr nr 1.56 1.49
Sedatives 41 36 0.02 0.01 nr nr 3.01 3.31
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 69 77 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.14
Daily Cigarette Use 46 42 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 52 60 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.48 0.57
CIGARS 99 95 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.43 0.42
ALCOHOL 118 94 0.05 0.04 0.32 0.26 0.07 0.05
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.6P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 or Older, Persons Aged 18 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.3750   0.3880   0.0978  
Cocaine da   0.1188   0.1137   0.3829  
Crack da   0.4874   0.4907   0.2259  
Heroin da   0.2119   0.2129   0.1298  
Hallucinogens da   0.7722   0.7372   0.3759  
LSD da   0.7144   0.6822   0.8733  
PCP da   *   *   *  
Ecstasy da   0.6952   0.7153   0.5061  
Inhalants da   0.6803   0.6704   0.2514  
Methamphetamine da   0.9155   0.9144   0.6468  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.5185   nr   0.5841  
Stimulants da   0.0840   nr   0.6368  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.0705   nr   0.0992  
Sedatives da   0.6829   nr   0.5718  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.6399   0.3485   0.8323  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.1398   0.1151   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.9150   0.8729   0.6795  
CIGARS da   0.8280   0.8389   0.6314  
ALCOHOL da   0.4899   0.4905   0.5150  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.7D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 73 64 0.21 0.19 0.41 0.35 0.56 0.54
Cocaine 52 50 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.16 1.99 2.10
Crack 7 10 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 * *
Heroin 13 10 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 * *
Hallucinogens 47 51 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.18 1.69 1.76
LSD 39 42 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.14 2.39 2.73
PCP 5 5 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 * *
Ecstasy 44 45 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 2.70 2.89
Inhalants 25 27 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 3.85 4.33
Methamphetamine 18 14 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.04 4.28 4.57
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 40 36 0.12 0.11 nr nr 1.50 1.67
Stimulants 47 40 0.14 0.12 nr nr 1.60 1.57
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 40 38 0.12 0.11 nr nr 1.86 1.99
Sedatives 12 16 0.03 0.05 nr nr 5.28 *
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 61 65 0.18 0.19 0.33 0.33 0.56 0.65
Daily Cigarette Use 36 35 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.12 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 34 38 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 1.23 1.40
CIGARS 64 64 0.19 0.19 0.26 0.26 0.96 0.97
ALCOHOL 95 86 0.28 0.25 0.98 0.81 0.37 0.35
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.7P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.3110   0.1905   0.3153  
Cocaine da   0.1359   0.1271   0.3110  
Crack da   0.2535   0.2563   *  
Heroin da   0.5210   0.5150   *  
Hallucinogens da   0.5014   0.4678   0.5882  
LSD da   0.7824   0.8370   0.5240  
PCP da   0.8981   0.8969   *  
Ecstasy da   0.4614   0.3940   0.7285  
Inhalants da   0.9889   0.9874   0.4013  
Methamphetamine da   0.2482   0.2432   0.9270  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.9570   nr   0.0068  
Stimulants da   0.3480   nr   0.8172  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.5253   nr   0.3375  
Sedatives da   0.2417   nr   *  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.9892   0.3837   0.1639  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.4679   0.3823   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.7052   0.7982   0.2252  
CIGARS da   0.1129   0.1725   0.0145  
ALCOHOL da   0.9006   0.3083   0.7042  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.8D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Marijuana 68 61 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.26 0.21
Cocaine 37 34 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.98 0.98
Crack 19 23 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.30 3.37
Heroin 11 22 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.66 3.36
Hallucinogens 35 43 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.54 1.48
LSD 28 35 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 3.75 3.48
PCP * * * * * * * *
Ecstasy 31 33 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.63 2.41
Inhalants 27 19 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.73 2.19
Methamphetamine 24 25 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.93 1.58
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Pain Relievers 111 109 0.05 0.05 nr nr 1.30 1.34
Stimulants 54 46 0.03 0.02 nr nr 1.78 1.70
Tranquilizers or Sedatives nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Tranquilizers 89 76 0.04 0.04 nr nr 2.17 1.90
Sedatives 39 33 0.02 0.02 nr nr 3.36 3.69
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 nr nr nr nr nr nr nr nr
CIGARETTES 29 29 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06
Daily Cigarette Use 26 24 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 41 46 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.49 0.57
CIGARS 75 62 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.45 0.38
ALCOHOL 38 16 0.02 0.01 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.01
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 4.8P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2018 Versus 2017
Substance Number of Past Year
Initiates (1,000s)		 Percentage of
Past Year Initiates		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Persons At
Risk for Initiation		 Percentage of Past Year
Initiates among Past Year
Users
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS da   nr   nr   nr  
Marijuana da   0.9549   0.9797   0.5717  
Cocaine da   0.5751   0.5691   0.7896  
Crack da   0.7691   0.7719   0.5016  
Heroin da   0.0467   0.0468   0.0399  
Hallucinogens da   0.1501   0.1433   0.6065  
LSD da   0.2903   0.2842   0.9325  
PCP da   *   *   *  
Ecstasy da   0.6235   0.6100   0.9398  
Inhalants da   0.5806   0.5783   0.2169  
Methamphetamine da   0.3555   0.3544   0.7403  
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics da   nr   nr   nr  
Pain Relievers da   0.5025   nr   0.8662  
Stimulants da   0.1872   nr   0.4525  
Tranquilizers or Sedatives da   nr   nr   nr  
Tranquilizers da   0.0991   nr   0.0462  
Sedatives da   0.3784   nr   1.0000  
Benzodiazepines da   --   --   --  
Opioids da   nr   nr   nr  
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1 da   nr   nr   nr  
CIGARETTES da   0.4609   0.4029   0.4605  
Daily Cigarette Use da   0.1526   0.1425   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO da   0.7135   0.6996   0.8629  
CIGARS da   0.3405   0.3445   0.3546  
ALCOHOL da   0.0496   0.0525   0.0496  
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories.
1 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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