U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality
This report was prepared by the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and by RTI International (a trade name of Research Triangle Institute), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Work by RTI was performed under Contract No. HHSS283200800004C. The coauthors are Arthur Hughes and Pradip Muhuri, SAMHSA, and Neeraja S. Sathe and Kathryn Spagnola, RTI.
All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. Citation of the source is appreciated. However, this publication may not be reproduced or distributed for a fee without the specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications, SAMHSA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, State Estimates of Substance Use and Mental Disorders from the 2009-2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, NSDUH Series H-43, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 12-4703. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2012.
This publication may be downloaded from https://store.samhsa.gov/home. Hard copies may be obtained from SAMHSA at 1-877-SAMHSA-7 (1-877-726-4727) (English and Español).
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality
1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 2-1042
Rockville, MD 20857
July 2012
(Revised October 2013)
List of Figures
List of Tables
1. Introduction
1.1 Summary of NSDUH Methodology
1.2 Format of Report and Presentation of Data
1.2.1 Mental Disorders
1.2.2 Chapter and Appendix Information
1.2.3 Figures
1.2.4 Confidence Intervals and Margins of Error
1.2.5 Comparisons of Estimates between Years
1.2.6 Related Substance Use Measures
1.3 Measures Presented in This Report
1.4 Other NSDUH Reports and Products
1.5 Revised 2006-2010 Estimates
2. Illicit Drug Use
2.1 Illicit Drugs
2.2 Marijuana
2.3 Perceptions of Risk of Marijuana Use
2.4 Incidence of Marijuana Use
2.5 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana
2.6 Cocaine
2.7 Pain Relievers (Nonmedical Use)
3. Alcohol Use
3.1 Alcohol Use
3.2 Binge Alcohol Use
3.3 Perceptions of Risk of Binge Alcohol Use
4. Tobacco Use
4.1 Tobacco
4.2 Cigarettes
4.3 Perceptions of Risk of Heavy Cigarette Use
5. Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment Need
5.1 Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.2 Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse
5.3 Illicit Drug or Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
5.4 Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Problems
5.5 Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Problems
6. Mental Disorders
6.1 Serious Mental Illness among Adults
6.2 Any Mental Illness among Adults
6.3 Serious Thoughts of Suicide among Adults
6.4 Youth and Adult Depression
Appendix
A. State Estimation Methodology
B. Tables of Model-Based Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia)
This report presents State estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), NSDUH is an ongoing survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years or older. Interview data from 135,811 persons were collected in 2009-2010 (see Table A.9 in Appendix A). With the exception of the four mental health measures, separate estimates are presented for each measure in four age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, and all persons 12 or older. For past year serious mental illness, past year any mental illness, past year suicidal thoughts, and past year major depressive episode (i.e., depression), estimates are available for adults in three age groups: 18 to 25, 26 or older, and 18 or older. In addition, estimates for major depressive episode are available for youths aged 12 to 17. This report also includes estimates for persons aged 12 to 20 for two of the measures—past month alcohol use and past month binge alcohol use, representing underage use of alcohol. Although estimates for persons aged 18 or older for the substance use measures are not included in this report, they are available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx. Additionally, tables showing the total number of persons associated with each measure are available at this Web site.
For each measure, States have been ranked and categorized into quintiles, or fifths, in order to simplify the discussion.1 Estimates presented in this report are based on a hierarchical Bayes estimation method that combines survey data with a national model. Note that these estimates are benchmarked to the national design-based estimates (for details, see Section A.6 in Appendix A). In addition to presenting State estimates for 2009-2010, Chapters 2 to 6 provide comparisons of the 2008-2009 estimates with the 2009-2010 estimates for all measures and indicate whether the differences between the two are statistically significant.2 Increases or decreases are discussed only if they are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Tables showing comparisons between 2002-2003 and 2009-2010 State estimates are available on the SAMHSA Web site at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx.
This report presents State estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental disorders based on the 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Changes (increases or decreases) that occurred between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 for these measures also are presented. Sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), NSDUH is an ongoing survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years or older. Interview data from 135,811 persons were collected in 2009-2010 (see Table A.9 in Appendix A). State estimates presented in this report have been developed using a small area estimation (SAE) procedure in which State-level NSDUH data are combined with county and census block group/tract-level data from the State. Aggregates of these State estimates are presented as regional and national estimates. Note that these estimates are benchmarked to the national design-based estimates (for details, see Section A.6 in Appendix A). This model-based methodology provides more precise estimates of substance use and mental disorders at the State level than those based solely on the sample, particularly for States with smaller samples.
Starting in 1999, the NSDUH sample was expanded to produce State-level estimates. The samples in each State were selected to represent proportionately the geography and demography of that State. The first report with State estimates was published in 2000 (Office of Applied Studies [OAS], 2000). It utilized the 1999 survey data and the SAE procedure. Because the SAE procedure requires significant preparatory steps for the modeling and extensive computation to generate results, the number of measures estimated has been limited to ones with high policy value. The first report included only seven measures. Subsequent State reports have been published annually, gradually extending the capabilities of the SAE procedure and increasing the number of measures estimated (Hughes, Muhuri, Sathe, & Spagnola, 2010, 2011; Hughes, Sathe, & Spagnola, 2008, 2009; Wright, 2002a, 2002b, 2003a, 2003b, 2004; Wright & Sathe, 2005, 2006; Wright, Sathe, & Spagnola, 2007). The current practice is to base annual estimates on a 2-year moving average of NSDUH data in order to enhance the precision for States with smaller samples.
State estimates also have been produced for additional measures by combining multiple years of NSDUH data and using sampling weights and direct estimation. The advantage of this approach is that it can be used on any variable in the NSDUH dataset; however, the estimates typically are not as accurate as the estimates based on the SAE methods. These estimates have been included in some reports and tables on the SAMHSA Web site.
NSDUH is the primary source of statistical information on the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco by the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged 12 or older. Conducted by the Federal Government since 1971, the survey collects data by administering questionnaires to a representative sample of the population through face-to-face interviews at their place of residence. The survey is planned and managed by SAMHSA's Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ). The data are collected and processed by RTI International3 through a contract with CBHSQ. This section briefly describes the national survey methodology; for further details, see Appendix A.
The survey covers residents of households, noninstitutional group quarters (e.g., shelters, rooming houses, dormitories), and civilians living on military bases. Persons excluded from the survey include homeless people who do not use shelters, active military personnel, and residents of institutional group quarters, such as prisons and long-term hospitals.
The 1999 survey marked the first year in which the national sample was interviewed using a computer-assisted interviewing (CAI) method. The survey used a combination of computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) conducted by an interviewer and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). Use of ACASI is designed to provide the respondent with a highly private and confidential means of responding to questions and increases the level of honest reporting of illicit drug use and other sensitive behaviors. For further details on the development of the CAI procedures for the 1999 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA, the former name of NSDUH), see OAS (2001).
The 1999 through 2001 NHSDAs and the 2002 through 2010 NSDUHs employed a 50-State design with an independent, multistage area probability sample for each of the 50 States and the District of Columbia. For the 50-State design, 8 States were designated as large sample States (California, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) with target sample sizes of 3,600 per year or 7,200 over a 2-year period. In 2009-2010, sample sizes in these States ranged from 5,900 to 7,375 (see Table A.9). For the remaining 42 States and the District of Columbia, the target sample size was 900 per year or 1,800 over a 2-year period. Sample sizes in these States ranged from 1,719 to 1,934 in 2009-2010. This approach ensures there is sufficient sample in every State to support SAE while at the same time maintaining efficiency for national estimates. The design also oversampled youths and young adults, so that each State's sample was approximately equally distributed among three major age groups: 12 to 17 years, 18 to 25 years, and 26 years or older.
In 2002, several changes were introduced to the survey. Incentive payments of $30 were given to respondents for the first time in order to address concerns about the national and State response rates. Other changes included a change in the survey name, new data collection quality control procedures, and a shift from the 1990 decennial census to the 2000 census as a basis for population count totals and to calculate any census-related predictor variables that are used in the estimation.
An unanticipated result of these changes was that the prevalence rates for 2002 were in general substantially higher than those for 2001—higher than could be attributable to the usual year-to-year trend—and thus are not comparable with estimates for 2001 and prior years.4 Therefore, the 2002 NSDUH was established as a new baseline for both the national and the State estimates. Given the varying effects of the incentive and other changes, not only are the estimates for 2002 and later years not comparable with prior years, but the relative rankings of States also may have been affected. Therefore, the rankings of States for 2002-2003 or later should not be compared with those for prior years. By combining data across 2 years, the precision of the small area estimates for the small sample States, and thus their rankings, have been improved significantly. In addition, by combining 2 years of data, the impact of the national model on those States has been reduced significantly relative to estimates based on a single year's data.5
Nationally in 2009-2010, 289,943 addresses were screened, and 135,811 persons responded within the screened addresses (see Table A.9 in Appendix A). The survey is conducted from January through December each year. The screening response rate (SRR) for 2009-2010 combined averaged 88.4 percent, and the interview response rate (IRR) averaged 75.1 percent, for an overall response rate (ORR) of 66.4 percent (Table A.9). The ORRs for 2009-2010 ranged from 52.2 percent in New York to 77.0 percent in South Dakota. Estimates in this report have been adjusted to reflect the probability of selection, unit nonresponse, poststratification to known census population estimates, item imputation, and other aspects of the estimation process. These procedures are described in the NSDUH methodological resource books (MRBs) (see https://www.samhsa.gov/data/Methodological_Reports.aspx).
The weighted SRR is defined as the weighted number of successfully screened households (or dwelling units)6 divided by the weighted number of eligible households, or
where 
is the inverse of the unconditional probability of selection for the household (hh) and excludes all adjustments for nonresponse and poststratification.
At the person level, the weighted IRR is defined as the weighted number of respondents divided by the weighted number of selected persons, or
where 
is the inverse of the probability of selection for the ith person and includes household-level nonresponse and poststratification adjustments. To be considered a completed interview, a respondent must provide enough data to pass the usable case rule.7
The weighted ORR is defined as the product of the weighted SRR and the weighted IRR or
. D
This report has six chapters, including this introductory chapter. Chapters 2 through 6 discuss the findings of the 2009-2010 State small area estimates and comparisons between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, along with U.S. maps of estimates for States at the end of each chapter. Tables showing comparisons between 2002-2003 and 2009-2010 State estimates will be available on the SAMHSA Web site at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx. Appendix A presents the State estimation methodology. Data tables are presented in Appendices B and C. Appendix D includes a discussion on other sources of State-level data. Information on the contributors to this report is provided in Appendix E.
To address SAMHSA's need for estimates of serious mental illness, any mental illness, and suicidal thoughts (i.e., suicidal ideation), several important changes were made to the adult mental health items in the 2008 NSDUH questionnaire.
In addition, as part of the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS), a clinical follow-up study was initiated in which a randomly selected subsample of adults (about 1,500 in 2008, 2011, and 2012, and 500 in 2009 and 2010) who had completed the NSDUH interview was administered a standard clinical interview by mental health clinicians via paper and pencil over the telephone to determine their mental illness status; the clinical interview was used as a "gold standard" for measuring mental illness among adults. Using both the clinical interview and the NSDUH CAI data for the respondents who completed the clinical interview (using only 2008 data), statistical models were developed that then were applied to data from all adult respondents who had completed the NSDUH CAI interviews (regardless of whether they had clinical interview data) to produce estimates of mental illness among the adult civilian, noninstitutionalized population. Subsequently, using the entire clinical interview sample of approximately 5,000 interviews that were collected in 2008 to 2012, CBHSQ developed a more accurate statistical model for adults. This revised model incorporated the NSDUH respondent's age, past year suicidal thoughts, past year major depressive episode (MDE), and the variables that were specified in the 2008 model (i.e., the Kessler-6 [K6] and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [WHODAS]). Results for serious mental illness and any mental illness from this revised model were closer to the direct estimates of serious mental illness and any mental illness from the clinical interviews in the MHSS than the previous model's results did, especially for young adults aged 18 to 25. See Section A.11 in Appendix A for a more complete discussion of the revised 2012 model and estimates.
Estimates of serious mental illness and any mental illness for 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 were produced using this new model and are presented in the Appendix B and C tables. These tables and maps with revised estimates include a source note with the text (i.e., "Revised October 2013") to indicate that the estimates are based on the updated 2012 model.
These questionnaire changes caused discontinuities in trends for major depressive episode (i.e., depression) and serious psychological distress among adults aged 18 or older. As a result, adult depression and serious psychological distress estimates were excluded from the 2007-2008 State report. For youths aged 12 to 17, no questionnaire changes were made in 2008 that affected the estimation of youth depression items; so, estimates of youth depression have appeared in the 2004-2005 report and in all subsequent NSDUH State reports. An analysis was performed to better understand the nature of the changes in the reporting of adult depression associated with the questionnaire changes in 2008. This led to the development of statistical adjustments for the adult depression estimates for the years from 2005 to 2008; thus, comparable adult depression data are now available for the years 2005 and beyond. For more information about these changes, see Section A.11 in Appendix A of this report, Appendix B of the 2008 NSDUH national findings report (OAS, 2009), and Appendix B of the 2012 NSDUH mental health findings report (CBHSQ, in press).
Chapter 2 presents State estimates for the prevalence of illicit drug use, marijuana use, the perceived risk of marijuana use, incidence of marijuana use, illicit drug use other than marijuana, cocaine use, and the nonmedical use of pain relievers. Chapter 3 discusses analogous estimates of alcohol use, binge alcohol use, and the perceived risk of binge alcohol use. Chapter 4 presents estimates of tobacco use, cigarette use, and the perceived risk of heavy cigarette use. Chapter 5 discusses the substance use disorder and treatment need-related measures (i.e., alcohol or illicit drug dependence or abuse and needing but not receiving treatment). Chapter 6 presents estimates of serious mental illness, any mental illness, and suicidal thoughts among adults aged 18 or older, as well as major depressive episode (i.e., depression) among youths aged 12 to 17 and adults aged 18 or older. In Chapters 2 through 6, trends between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 are discussed.
At the ends of Chapters 2 through 6, State model-based estimates are portrayed in U.S. maps showing all 50 States and the District of Columbia. The maps reflect the ranking of States into fifths from lowest to highest for each measure to simplify the discussion in the chapters. Appendix A describes the SAE methodology for 2009-2010. For more details on the SAE methodology, see Appendix E of the 2001 State report (Wright, 2003b). Also included in Appendix A are the State sample sizes and response rates for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2008-2009 combined, and 2009-2010 combined (Tables A.1 to A.14). Tables of model-based estimates for each substance use or mental health measure are included in Appendix B. The quintile rankings can be determined from these tables that include all 50 States and the District of Columbia, listed in alphabetical order, by 4 age categories. Tables comparing the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 estimates are presented in Appendix C. Note that because the layout is very similar for the tables in Appendix C and the tables that will be available on SAMHSA's Web site comparing the 2002-2003 and 2009-2010 estimates, a larger font size has been deliberately used for the years in the titles of these tables so that a reader can quickly distinguish between the two sets of tables. Tables comparing estimates over various time periods are presented for the four U.S. geographic regions in addition to State and age groups. These regions, defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, consist of the following groups of States:
Northeast Region - Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Midwest Region - Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
South Region - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.
West Region - Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
Tables for individual States (and for the Nation as a whole and its census regions) are available on the SAMHSA Web site and display all of the estimates discussed in this report by the appropriate age categories (see https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx). Also available on the SAMHSA Web site are tables of the total number of persons associated with each measure corresponding to the estimated percentages or rates for each substance use or mental health measure in Appendix B (see https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx). Estimates for all persons aged 18 or older for all 25 measures are also available on the Web site.
The color of each State on the U.S. maps indicates how the State ranks relative to other States for each measure. States could fall into one of five groups according to their ranking by quintiles. Because there are 51 areas to be ranked for each measure, the middle quintile was assigned 11 areas and the remaining groups 10 each. In some cases, a "quintile" could have more or fewer States than desired because two (or more) States have the same estimate (to two decimal places). When such ties occurred at the "boundary" between two quintiles, all States with the same estimate were assigned to the lower quintile. Those States with the highest rates for a given measure are in red, with the exception of the perceptions of risk measures, for which the lowest perceptions of great risk are in red. Those States with the lowest estimates are in white, with the exception of the perceptions of risk measures, for which the highest perceptions of great risk are in white.
At the top of each table in Appendix B is the design-based national estimate along with a 95 percent design-based confidence interval, all of which are based on survey weights and the reported data. The State and regional estimates are model-based statistics (using SAE methodology) that have been adjusted such that the population-weighted mean of the estimates across the 50 States and the District of Columbia equals the design-based national estimate. For more details on this benchmarking, see Section A.6 in Appendix A. Associated with each State and regional estimate is a 95 percent Bayesian confidence interval. These intervals indicate the uncertainty in the estimate due to both sampling variability and model bias. For example, the State with the highest estimated rate of past month use of marijuana for young adults aged 18 to 25 was Vermont, with a rate of 32.0 percent and a 95 percent confidence interval that ranged from 28.4 to 35.9 percent (Table B.3). Therefore, the probability is 0.95 that the true prevalence of past month marijuana use in Vermont for persons aged 18 to 25 is between 28.4 and 35.9 percent. Note that in NSDUH State reports prior to the 2008-2009 report, the term "prediction interval" (PI) was used to represent uncertainty in the State and regional estimates. However, that term also is used in other applications to estimate future values of a parameter of interest. That interpretation does not apply to NSDUH State report estimates, so PI was replaced with "Bayesian confidence interval."
Margin of error is another term used to describe uncertainty in the estimates. For example, if 
is a 95 percent symmetric confidence interval for the population proportion (p) and 
is an estimate of p obtained from the survey data, then the margin of error of is given by 
or 
. Because is a symmetric confidence interval, will be the same as . In this case, the probability is 0.95 that the true population value (p) is within ± or of the survey estimate (). The margin of error defined above will vary for each estimate and will be affected not only by the sample size (e.g., the larger the sample, the smaller the margin of error), but also by the sample design (e.g., telephone surveys using random digit dialing and surveys employing a stratified multistage cluster design will, more than likely, produce a different margin of error) (Scheuren, 2004).
The confidence intervals shown in NSDUH reports are asymmetric, meaning that the distance between the estimate and the lower confidence limit will not be the same as the distance between the upper confidence limit and the estimate. For example, Utah's past month marijuana use rate of 7.7 percent for persons aged 18 to 25 years (see Table B.3) is 1.8 (i.e., 7.7 - 5.9) percentage points from the lower 95 percent confidence limit and 2.5 (i.e., 10.2 - 7.7) percentage points from the upper limit. These asymmetric confidence intervals work well for small percentages often found in NSDUH reports while still being appropriate for larger percentages. Some surveys or polls provide only one margin of error for all reported percentages. This single number is usually calculated by setting the sample percentage estimate () equal to 50 percent, which will produce an upper bound or maximum margin of error. Such an approach would not be feasible in this report because the estimates vary from less than 1 percent to over 75 percent; hence, applying a single margin of error to these estimates could significantly overstate or understate the actual precision levels. Therefore, given the differences mentioned above, it is more useful and informative to report the Bayesian confidence interval for each estimate instead of a margin of error.
In this report, State estimates are discussed in terms of their observed rankings because it provides a useful context. In Chapters 2 through 6, when it is indicated that a State has the highest or lowest rate, it does not imply that the State's rate is significantly higher or lower than the next highest or lowest State. When comparing two State prevalence rates, two overlapping 95 percent confidence intervals do not imply that their State prevalence rates are statistically equivalent at the 5 percent level of significance. For details on a more accurate test to compare State prevalence rates, see Section A.12 in Appendix A.
Comparisons between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 are presented in Appendix C for 25 measures, by age group (see Tables C.1 to C.26). These tables show the estimates for 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 and a p value corresponding to a test of the hypothesis that there was "no change" over this period. The report discusses differences (i.e., increases or decreases) only if they are statistically significant at the 0.05 level of significance. These differences correspond to p values of 0.05 or less, which have been marked on the tables. In addition, p values greater than 0.05 but less than or equal to 0.10 have been marked on the tables to highlight other possible changes that may be of interest despite not quite reaching statistical significance. The methodology for testing for change involves fitting one model for 2008-2009 based on the predictor variables and the sample for those years and fitting a separate model for 2009-2010 based on the predictor variables and sample for those years. This methodology can lead to slightly different national models (i.e., models with slightly different model coefficients for the two sets of years). The change between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 estimates the average yearly change between 2008 and 2010. "Average yearly change" indicates the change between 2008 and 2010 divided by 2. For more details on this topic, see Section A.13 in Appendix A on measuring change between years in State estimates.
Throughout the report, there are a number of related drug use measures, such as marijuana use and illicit drug use. It might appear that one could draw conclusions by subtracting one from the other (e.g., subtracting the percentage who used illicit drugs other than marijuana in the past month from the percentage who used illicit drugs in the past month to find the percentage who only used marijuana in the past month). Because related measures have been estimated with different models, subtracting one measure from another related measure at the State or census region level in this report can give misleading results, perhaps even a "negative" estimate, and should be avoided. However, these comparisons can be made at the national level because these estimates are design-based estimates. For example, at the national level, subtracting cigarette use rates from tobacco use rates will give the rate of persons who did not use cigarettes, but used other forms of tobacco (as shown in Chapter 4).
Estimates for 2009-2010 were developed for 25 measures of substance use and mental disorders:
For all measures except serious mental illness, any mental illness, suicidal thoughts, and depression, there are separate estimates for three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) and a combined estimate for those aged 12 or older. For serious mental illness, any mental illness, suicidal thoughts, and depression, estimates are shown for two age groups (18 to 25 and 26 or older) and a combined estimate for those aged 18 or older. In addition, estimates of depression among youths aged 12 to 17 are presented. Estimates of past month alcohol use and binge alcohol use also are presented for those aged 12 to 20.
Statistical tests of differences between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 were conducted for all 25 measures. Results of these statistical tests are available for the first time for three mental health measures, namely, serious mental illness, any mental illness, and suicidal thoughts.
The national results from the 2010 NSDUH were released in September 2011 (CBHSQ, 2011) and in January 2012 (CBHSQ, 2012b). Similarly, the national results from the 2011 NSDUH were released in September 2012.
Additional methodological information on the survey, including the questionnaire, is available on the CBHSQ Web site at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/Methodological_Reports.aspx. Brief descriptive reports and in-depth analytic reports focusing on specific issues or population groups also are produced by CBHSQ. Further information on accessing NSDUH publications, detailed tables, and public use files is contained in "Accessing Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)" (OAS, 2004). A complete listing of previously published reports from NSDUH and other data sources is available from CBHSQ. Most of these reports are available through the Internet (https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use-and-health). In addition, CBHSQ makes public use data files available to researchers through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA). Currently, data files are available for online analysis from the 1979 to 2011 NSDUHs at http://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov.
Estimates for substate planning areas based on combined 2008-2010 NSDUH data are available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/Substate2k10-NSDUHsubstateStates2010/NSDUHsubstate51StateTOC2010.htm. The substate planning area definitions for all 50 States and the District of Columbia are based on the areas for substate allocation of funds under SAMHSA's Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant. Substate area estimates based on combined 2008-2010 data are available for all measures listed in Section 1.3. Comparisons between 2006-2008 and 2008-2010 also are available. For this comparison, the 2006-2008 substate small area estimates were reproduced using the 2008-2010 substate region definitions. Along with the substate estimates, comparable State, regional, and national estimates are summarized in tables along with maps that indicate the distribution of prevalence rates across the United States. The methodology used for producing substate estimates is similar to the SAE methodology used to produce the State estimates in this report.
During regular data collection and processing checks for the 2011 NSDUH, data errors were identified. These errors affected the data for Pennsylvania (2006-2010) and Maryland (2008-2009). Cases with erroneous data were removed from the data files, and the remaining cases were reweighted to provide representative estimates. Therefore, some estimates using 2006-2010 NSDUH data in the 2011 national findings report and detailed tables, as well as other new reports (including this report), will contain estimates that differ from corresponding estimates found in some previous reports. All of the tables and maps in this report have a source note (i.e., "Revised March 2012") on them to indicate that they are based on updated NSDUH data (excluding the erroneous data for Pennsylvania and Maryland).
The errors had minimal impact on the national estimates and no effect on direct estimates for the other 48 States and the District of Columbia. The direct estimates for an area (e.g., a State or substate) are only based on its data. However, in reports such as the current one, where model-based SAE techniques are used, estimates for all States may be affected, even though the errors were concentrated in only two States. This is because the model-based estimate for a given State is a combination of the direct estimate for that State and the State estimate obtained from a national model. The national model, which has estimated parameter coefficients based on data from all States, changed when the erroneous Pennsylvania and Maryland data were removed and the remaining cases were reweighted. As a result, the model-based estimates in all States changed, although the most notable changes occurred in Pennsylvania and Maryland because the direct estimates in those States changed, as did their estimates based on the national model. In reports that do not use model-based estimates, the only estimates appreciably affected were estimates for Pennsylvania, Maryland, the mid-Atlantic division, and the Northeast region.
In this current report, the 2009-2010 and 2008-2009 model-based State estimates are based on the corrected data. Thus, the 2008-2009 estimates presented here in Appendices A and C may not match the 2008-2009 estimates shown in prior reports, including the July 2012 version of this report.
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) obtains information on nine different categories of illicit drug use: marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and the nonmedical use of prescription-type pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. Estimates of "illicit drug use" reported from NSDUH reflect the use of any of the nine drug categories listed above. Use of alcohol and tobacco products, while illegal for youths, is not included in these estimates, but is discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. This chapter presents State estimates of any illicit drug use, marijuana use, perceptions of risk of marijuana use, incidence of marijuana use (i.e., first-time use), use of illicit drugs other than marijuana, cocaine use, and nonmedical use of pain relievers.
In 2009-2010, 8.8 percent of the U.S. population aged 12 or older used an illicit drug in the past month, and this rate was higher than the rate in 2008-2009 (8.4 percent) (see Table C.1 in Appendix C). Each of the four census regions also exhibited a higher rate in 2009-2010 compared with 2008-2009. In 2009-2010, past month use of illicit drugs among persons aged 12 or older ranged from 5.3 percent in North Dakota to 14.2 percent in Alaska (see Table B.1 in Appendix B). Colorado, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont were in the highest fifth for persons aged 12 or older and for each of the age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) (Figures 2.1 to 2.4).
Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, rates of past month illicit drug use among persons aged 12 or older increased in eight States (Colorado, District of Columbia, Idaho, Maryland, Michigan, Texas, Virginia, and Washington). Only Hawaii's rate decreased. Among youths aged 12 to 17, the only two increases occurred in California and the District of Columbia; there were no decreases among 12 to 17 year olds in any State. Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, seven States had increases in past month illicit drug use among those aged 18 to 25 (Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and Washington); no States experienced decreases in that age group. There were increases among those aged 26 years or older in Colorado, Michigan, and Virginia; only Hawaii's rate decreased in that age group (from 10.2 percent in 2008-2009 to 7.4 percent in 2009-2010) (Table C.1).
In 2009-2010, past month marijuana use was reported by 6.8 percent of the U.S. population aged 12 years or older, an increase from 6.4 percent in 2008-2009 (Table C.3). Nine States that were in the top fifth for past month illicit drug use among persons aged 12 or older also were ranked in the top fifth for past month marijuana use: Alaska, Colorado, District of Columbia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont (Figures 2.1 and 2.9).
Seven States were ranked in the top fifth for past month marijuana use in age groups 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, and 12 or older: Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont (Figures 2.9 to 2.12). The rate of past month marijuana use in the 12 or older population ranged from 3.1 percent in Utah to 11.8 percent in Alaska (Table B.3). Utah had the lowest rate in all age groups. Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, past month marijuana use among persons 12 or older increased in 10 States: Colorado, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Washington (Table C.3). During the same time period, past month marijuana use increased in one State among 12 to 17 year olds (District of Columbia), eight States among 18 to 25 year olds (Florida, Illinois, Iowa, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Washington), and four States among persons aged 26 or older (District of Columbia, Idaho, Michigan, and Texas). Decreases only occurred in two States: Tennessee, among persons aged 12 or older, and Utah, among youths aged 12 to 17. All four census regions had higher rates of past month marijuana use among persons aged 12 or older in 2009-2010 compared with 2008-2009.
In 2009-2010, an estimated 11.5 percent of persons aged 12 or older in the United States reported marijuana use in the past year, an increase from 10.9 percent in 2008-2009 (Table C.2). Of the age groups 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older, persons aged 18 to 25 accounted for the highest rate of past year marijuana use (30.4 percent). Utah had the lowest rate (6.9 percent) of past year marijuana use among persons aged 12 or older, while Alaska had the highest rate in that age group (17.5 percent). Similar to past month marijuana use, Utah had the lowest rate for past year marijuana use in all age groups. Seven States (Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont) were in the top fifth for past year marijuana use among persons aged 12 or older and in all three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) (Figures 2.5 to 2.8). Seventeen States experienced changes in past year marijuana use among persons aged 12 or older between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010: Arkansas' rate decreased, whereas California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Texas had increases. Similar to past month marijuana use, there were increases between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 in past year marijuana use rates among persons aged 12 or older in the Northeast (from 12.0 to 12.9 percent), Midwest (from 10.4 to 10.8 percent), South (from 9.6 to 9.9 percent), and West (from 12.6 to 13.4 percent) regions of the United States (Table C.2).
An individual's perception of the risks of substance use has been shown to be inversely related to whether he or she actually uses the substance (e.g., Bachman, Johnston, & O'Malley, 1998). Of the 10 States that ranked in the highest fifth for past month marijuana use among persons aged 12 or older in 2009-2010, 9 States (Alaska, Colorado, District of Columbia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont) were included in the lowest fifth for the perceived great risk of smoking marijuana once a month (Figures 2.9 and 2.13).
Perceived great risk of marijuana use once a month among persons 12 or older ranged from 22.3 percent in Colorado to 45.2 percent in Mississippi (Table B.4). The correspondence between the State-level estimates for perceived great risk of smoking marijuana once a month (2009-2010) and past month marijuana use (2009-2010) can be further clarified with the following examples. Alaska, with 11.8 percent of people aged 12 or older using marijuana in the past month, ranked in the top fifth for marijuana use; in the same State, 24.4 percent perceived smoking marijuana once a month as a great risk, which ranked in the lowest fifth compared with the other States (Tables B.3 and B.4; Figures 2.9 and 2.13). On the other hand, Alabama, which ranked in the lowest fifth for past month marijuana use (4.9 percent), had one of the highest rates (41.0 percent) of perceived great risk of smoking marijuana (Tables B.3 and B.4; Figures 2.9 and 2.13). Among youths aged 12 to 17, 7 of the 10 States that ranked in the highest fifth for past month marijuana use also ranked in the lowest fifth for perceived great risk of smoking marijuana once a month (Colorado, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont) (Figures 2.10 and 2.14).
Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, the national percentage of persons aged 12 or older perceiving a great risk of smoking marijuana once a month decreased from 35.8 to 33.6 percent (Table C.4). Decreases in the national rates occurred in every age group, including among youths aged 12 to 17 (from 31.8 to 29.9 percent). Declines also were observed in every age group within all four census regions. Twenty States showed decreases in the perceived great risk of smoking marijuana once a month among persons aged 12 or older: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, 16 States showed decreases in this rate for youths aged 12 to 17: California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and Virginia. Over the same time period, this rate decreased in 22 States among persons aged 18 to 25 and decreased in 15 States among persons aged 26 or older. No increases were observed in any State or age group.
Related to the prevalence of marijuana use is the number of persons who used marijuana for the first time ever over a specific period of time. In this report, the incidence of marijuana use is defined as the number of persons who used marijuana for the first time during a 2-year period preceding the survey interview. Unlike annual estimates presented in the NSDUH national findings report (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality [CBHSQ], 2011), this report averages data over a 2-year period and calculates the annualized marijuana incidence rate (expressed as a rate per 100 person-years of exposure).9 For the combined years 2009-2010, the national marijuana incidence rate for persons aged 12 or older was 1.8 percent (Table B.5). In 2009-2010, Colorado had the highest rate (2.8 percent), and Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Utah, and West Virginia had the lowest rate (1.4 percent) among persons aged 12 or older (Table B.5).
Nine States (Alaska, Colorado, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont) that were ranked in the top fifth for past month marijuana use in the 12 or older age group also had a similar standing for marijuana incidence (Figures 2.9 and 2.17). Most initiations of marijuana take place at age 25 or earlier (Gfroerer, Wu, & Penne, 2002). It follows that the rates of initiation in the 26 or older age group were much lower than those in the 18 to 25 and 12 to 17 age groups. In 2009-2010, the national rates of marijuana initiation were 5.9, 7.3, and 0.2 percent for persons aged 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older, respectively. Colorado had the highest rate of youths initiating marijuana between the ages of 12 and 17 (9.3 percent), while Utah had the lowest rate (4.0 percent) in this age group. With respect to marijuana initiation between the ages of 18 and 25, the rate ranged from 4.0 percent in Utah to 12.5 percent in Vermont. Seven States (Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, and Vermont) were in the top fifth for marijuana incidence for persons aged 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 12 or older, whereas five States (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Utah) were in the bottom fifth corresponding to the lowest initiation rates in those three age groups (Figures 2.17 to 2.19).
Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, the marijuana incidence rate among persons aged 12 or older increased in eight States (Colorado, Iowa, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, and West Virginia). Increases occurred among 12 to 17 year olds in Colorado, New Hampshire, and New Jersey and among 18 to 25 year olds in Connecticut Illinois, and Montana. Across all States and age groups, only Wisconsin's rate among 18 to 25 year olds decreased (from 8.4 to 7.0 percent) (Table C.5). There was an increase in the Northeast census region among persons aged 12 or older (from 1.8 to 1.9 percent).
Illicit drugs other than marijuana include cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and the nonmedical use of prescription-type pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. For the years 2009-2010 combined, the national estimate of past month use of illicit drugs other than marijuana among persons aged 12 or older was 3.6 percent (Table B.6). Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota had the lowest rate (2.4 percent), and Rhode Island had the highest rate (4.8 percent) among persons aged 12 or older. Seven States (District of Columbia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington) that were in the top fifth for past month use of illicit drugs among those aged 12 or older also had a similar standing for past month use of an illicit drug other than marijuana (Figures 2.1 and 2.20).
Nationally and in all census regions, between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, there were no changes in the past month use of illicit drugs other than marijuana in any of the age groups presented (Table C.6). Eight States showed changes among persons aged 12 or older. Of them, Colorado, New Jersey, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming had increases, while Hawaii and Kentucky had decreases.
In 2009-2010, the national prevalence of past year cocaine use among persons aged 12 or older was 1.9 percent, which was a decline from 2.0 percent in 2008-2009 (Table C.7). Because cocaine is one of the substances included in the "illicit drug use other than marijuana" category, it is useful to compare the rankings of States with respect to these two measures. In 2009-2010, six States (District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont) were ranked in the highest fifth for both past month use of an illicit drug other than marijuana (aged 12 or older) and past year use of cocaine (aged 12 or older) (Figures 2.20 and 2.24). Three States (Colorado, New Hampshire, and Vermont) were ranked in the top fifth for past year cocaine use in all three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) and overall for those aged 12 or older (Figures 2.24 to 2.27). State-level rates among persons aged 12 or older ranged from 1.0 percent in Alabama, Iowa, and North Dakota to 3.1 percent in Colorado, District of Columbia, and Vermont. The District of Columbia and South Carolina stand out for their ranking in the lowest fifth for those aged 12 to 17 and the highest fifth for those aged 26 or older (Figures 2.25 and 2.27).
Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, 10 States showed decreases in past year cocaine use among persons aged 12 or older: Delaware, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Among persons aged 18 to 25 (the age group with the highest rates of past year cocaine use), decreases were observed in 13 States. No States showed increases in any age group. In the Midwest, there were decreases in past year cocaine use among persons aged 18 to 25, 26 or older, and 12 or older (Table C.7).
Nonmedical use of prescription-type pain relievers is defined as use of these drugs without a prescription or use that occurred simply for the experience or feeling the drug caused. Over-the-counter (OTC) use and legitimate use of prescription-type pain relievers are not included. In 2009-2010, 4.9 percent of persons aged 12 or older nationwide reported having used pain relievers nonmedically in the past year, which was similar to the rate in 2008-2009 (4.9 percent) (Table C.8). This rate decreased nationally among persons aged 18 to 25 (from 12.0 to 11.5 percent), but remained unchanged for persons aged 12 to 17 and 26 or older.
In 2009-2010, Oklahoma had the highest percentage (7.0 percent) of persons aged 12 or older using pain relievers for nonmedical purposes in the past year, and South Dakota had the lowest rate (3.6 percent) (Table B.8). Oklahoma and Oregon were ranked in the top fifth of States for this measure in age groups 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older, as well as for the total population aged 12 or older. Illinois and Nebraska were ranked in the lowest fifth in each of these age groups (Figures 2.28 to 2.31).
Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, past year nonmedical use of pain relievers among persons aged 12 or older increased in Missouri and Wyoming and decreased in Hawaii and Oklahoma. Among 12 to 17 year olds, Michigan's rate decreased from 7.4 to 6.4 percent, while among persons aged 26 or older, Missouri's and Wyoming's rates increased (from 2.9 to 3.6 percent and from 2.5 to 3.2 percent, respectively). Among persons aged 18 to 25, three States (Hawaii, North Carolina, and Utah) showed decreases between these time periods. There were no other changes at the State level in any of the age groups.
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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A number of measures of alcohol use are available from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). This report discusses past month alcohol use, past month binge alcohol use, and the perceived risk of binge alcohol use. Past month alcohol use is the consumption of at least one drink during the past 30 days (includes binge use). Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the 30 days prior to the survey. A "drink" is defined as a can or bottle of beer, a glass of wine or a wine cooler, a shot of liquor, or a mixed drink with liquor in it. Respondents are asked to exclude occasions when only a sip or two is consumed from a drink. Alcohol is the most commonly used substance in the United States. Nationally, about half (51.8 percent) of Americans aged 12 or older reported being past month drinkers of alcohol in 2009-2010, which was similar to the 2008-2009 rate (51.7 percent) (see Table C.9 in Appendix C).
In addition to information on alcohol use among persons aged 12 or older and each of the three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older), estimates of past month alcohol use and binge alcohol use for persons aged 12 to 20 are presented in this report to provide information on underage drinking at the State level.
In 2009-2010, the rate of past month alcohol use among persons aged 12 or older ranged from 26.4 percent in Utah to 64.1 percent in Wisconsin (Table B.9). The highest rates of past month alcohol use occurred in the 18 to 25 age group, with Massachusetts having the highest rate (74.3 percent). Five States ranked in the top fifth for all three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) and among persons aged 12 or older: Colorado, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Wisconsin (Figures 3.1 to 3.4). Among persons aged 12 or older, 8 of the 10 States that were ranked in the bottom fifth for past month alcohol use were from the South (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia) (Figure 3.1).
Arizona was the only State with a decrease in past month alcohol use among persons aged 12 or older from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 (from 51.2 to 48.1 percent) (Table C.9). Six States showed decreases in past month alcohol use in the 12 to 17 year old age group: Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, Montana, North Dakota, and Ohio. There were no increases in past month alcohol use among youths aged 12 to 17. Decreases also were observed among youths in the Midwest census region and in their national rate.
Nationally, the rate of past month use of alcohol among persons aged 12 to 20 (underage alcohol use) in 2009-2010 was 26.7 percent (similar to the rate of 26.8 percent from 2008-2009). Underage alcohol use ranged from 16.5 percent in Utah to 34.6 percent in Vermont (Table B.12) in 2009-2010. Four States displayed decreases in alcohol use in this age group from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010: Colorado, Louisiana, Michigan, and North Dakota (Table C.12). Virginia showed an increase. Rates remained unchanged in all other States over this time period.
Nationally, almost a quarter (23.4 percent) of persons aged 12 or older participated in binge use of alcohol in the past month in 2009-2010, which was similar to the 2008-2009 rate (23.5 percent) (Table C.10). In 2009-2010, past month binge use of alcohol among persons aged 12 or older ranged from 13.2 percent in Utah to 29.9 percent in Wisconsin (Table B.10). Four States were ranked in the top fifth in all three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) and among persons aged 12 or older: Iowa, Montana, North Dakota, and Wisconsin (Figures 3.5 to 3.8). The highest rates of binge use of alcohol occurred among young adults aged 18 to 25 (41.2 percent nationally). North Dakota and Vermont (51.3 percent) had the highest rate in this age group, between 1.5 and 2 times the highest rate among persons aged 26 or older (Wisconsin at 28.8 percent) and about 4 times the highest rate among youths aged 12 to 17 (Montana at 12.7 percent) (Table B.10).
Two States showed decreases in binge alcohol use between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 among persons aged 12 or older: Florida (from 21.9 to 20.7 percent) and Ohio (from 25.3 to 23.6 percent) (Table C.10). Idaho (from 20.1 to 21.9 percent) and Washington (from 21.4 to 23.9 percent) showed increases. The national rate of binge alcohol use decreased among youths aged 12 to 17 (from 8.9 to 8.4 percent), and a decrease also was observed in the Midwest region (from 9.4 to 8.7 percent) and South region (from 8.0 to 7.5 percent) for this age group. Among 12 to 17 year olds at the State level, decreases were observed in Indiana, North Dakota, Ohio, and Oregon; rates in the other States remained unchanged among this age group.
Nationally, the rate of underage binge alcohol use was 17.5 percent (similar to the rate of 17.9 percent from 2008-2009) (Table C.12). In 2009-2010, Utah (12.7 percent) had the lowest rate for past month underage (aged 12 to 20) binge use of alcohol, and North Dakota had the highest rate for this measure (24.2 percent) (Table B.12). Of the 10 States that ranked in the highest fifth for past month underage use of alcohol, 8 States also ranked in the highest fifth for past month underage binge use of alcohol: Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Rhode Island, and Vermont (Figures 3.13 and 3.14). Eight States showed decreases in underage binge use of alcohol: Colorado, Florida, Michigan, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, and South Dakota (Table C.12). No States showed an increase among this age group.
In 2009-2010, 42.6 percent of persons aged 12 or older perceived a great risk of binge drinking, an increase from the rate of 41.8 percent in 2008-2009 (Table C.11). People's perceptions of the risk of binge drinking were moderately and inversely related to their actual rates of binge drinking at the State level in 2009-2010. Of the 10 States with the highest rates of binge use of alcohol in 2009-2010 among persons aged 12 or older, 6 States also had the lowest perceived risk of binge drinking for the population aged 12 or older: Iowa, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wisconsin (Figures 3.5 and 3.9). Among persons aged 12 or older, South Dakota had the lowest percentage (33.6 percent) perceiving a great risk of drinking five or more drinks of alcohol on a single occasion, while Utah had the highest rate at 50.8 percent (Table B.11).
Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, a decrease in the perception of the risk of binge drinking among persons 12 or older was seen in Montana (from 39.1 to 36.6 percent), and increases were seen in Arkansas, California, Florida, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania (Table C.11). Increases were also seen in the Northeast, South, and West regions. Among youths aged 12 to 17, an increase was seen in Pennsylvania (from 36.2 to 38.1 percent), while all other States remained unchanged in that age group. Among 18 to 25 year olds, the rate decreased in Montana (from 29.7 to 26.6 percent).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
Tobacco is the second most commonly used substance in the United States next to alcohol. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) includes a series of questions on the use of several tobacco products, including cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff), cigars, and pipe tobacco. This chapter includes State estimates on the past month use of tobacco, past month use of cigarettes, and the perceptions of great risk of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day.
Most tobacco users are cigarette smokers. Nationally, the use of tobacco and cigarettes in the past month among persons aged 12 or older was 27.6 and 23.2 percent, respectively, in 2009-2010 (see Tables B.13 and B.14 in Appendix B). The difference between the two rates (4.4 percentage points) represents persons who did not smoke cigarettes, but who used one or more of the other forms of tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco, snuff, cigars, or pipe tobacco).
The State with the highest prevalence rate for tobacco use among persons aged 12 or older was West Virginia (40.2 percent), while Utah had the lowest rate (16.8 percent) (Table B.13). Of the 10 States with the highest rates of past month tobacco use among persons aged 12 or older, 7 States were in the South region (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and West Virginia). Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, West Virginia, and Wyoming ranked in the highest fifth for all three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) and among persons aged 12 or older (Figures 4.1 to 4.4).
Among the 12 or older age group, decreases in past month tobacco use from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 were seen in Kentucky (from 38.1 to 35.5 percent) and Wisconsin (from 30.2 to 28.0 percent) (Table C.13 in Appendix C). Increases were seen in Alaska and Mississippi. Among youths aged 12 to 17, decreases were seen nationally (from 11.6 to 11.3 percent) and in the Midwest region (from 13.2 to 12.6 percent), Illinois (from 12.5 to 10.9 percent), and Oregon (from 14.9 to 12.9 percent). No increases in past month tobacco use were observed among youths aged 12 to 17.
Because cigarettes are the main tobacco product, States that ranked high for past month tobacco use also ranked high for past month cigarette use. Of the 10 States in the highest fifth for past month use of tobacco, 8 States (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and West Virginia) also were in the highest fifth for past month cigarette use among persons aged 12 or older (Figures 4.1 and 4.5). Similarly, 8 of the 10 States that were ranked in the lowest fifth among persons aged 12 or older were the same for both measures (California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Utah). West Virginia had the highest rate of past month cigarette use (32.0 percent), and Utah had the lowest rate (15.8 percent) for persons aged 12 or older (Table B.14).
Nationally, decreases in cigarette use were seen among youths aged 12 to 17 (from 9.1 percent in 2008-2009 to 8.7 percent in 2009-2010), young adults aged 18 to 25 (from 35.8 to 35.1 percent), and persons aged 12 or older (from 23.6 to 23.2 percent) (Table C.14). At the State level, a decline in cigarette use from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 among persons aged 12 or older was observed in Wisconsin (from 25.7 to 23.5 percent). Across all States in the 12 to 17 and 18 to 25 age groups, eight States had declines in cigarette use between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (two States among persons aged 12 to 17 and six States among persons aged 18 to 25). Declines in cigarette use also were observed in the Midwest census region for those age groups. No increases were seen for any State or age group.
States with high prevalence rates for cigarette use tended to have low rates of perceived great risk of heavy cigarette use (i.e., smoking one or more packs per day). Five States (Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and West Virginia) that ranked in the lowest fifth for perceptions of great risk of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day also were ranked in the highest fifth for past month cigarette use among persons aged 12 or older (Figures 4.5 and 4.9). Kentucky had the lowest rate of perception of great risk for heavy cigarette use (62.3 percent), and New York had the highest rate (76.4 percent) among persons aged 12 or older (Table B.15).
Nationwide, the rates of perception of great risk of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day decreased from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 among persons aged 12 or older (from 72.2 to 71.2 percent), youths aged 12 to 17 (from 67.5 to 65.4 percent), young adults aged 18 to 25 (from 66.8 to 65.2 percent), and persons aged 26 or older (from 73.8 to 73.0 percent) (Table C.15). Decreases also were observed in all four census regions among youths aged 12 to 17, in all but the West region among young adults aged 18 to 25, in the Midwest region among persons aged 26 or older, and in all but the Northeast region among persons aged 12 or older.
At the State level, there were 32 decreases from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 in the perception of risk of heavy cigarette use across three age groups (12 to 17: 17 States with decreases; 18 to 25: 10 States with decreases; and 26 or older: 5 States with decreases). The only increases were seen in Arkansas (from 69.6 to 72.6 percent) and Massachusetts (from 74.1 to 77.9 percent) for persons aged 26 or older and in Massachusetts for persons aged 12 or older (from 73.0 to 75.9 percent). Eleven States had declines in the perception of risk of heavy cigarette use among persons 12 or older. This is an indication that, across many States, there continues to be an increase in the number of persons who do not think there is great risk in people harming themselves physically or in other ways by smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day.
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) includes a series of questions to assess the prevalence of substance use disorders (i.e., substance dependence or abuse) in the past 12 months. Substances include alcohol and illicit drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and the nonmedical use of prescription-type drugs. These questions are used to classify persons in this report as being dependent on or abusing specific substances based on criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). The questions on dependence ask about health and emotional problems, attempts to cut down on use, tolerance, withdrawal, and other symptoms associated with substances used. The questions on abuse ask about problems at work, home, and school; problems with family or friends; physical danger; and trouble with the law due to substance use. Dependence reflects a more severe substance use problem than abuse, and persons are classified with abuse of a particular substance only if they are not dependent on that substance. For details, see Section A.10 in Appendix A.
Nationally, 22.4 million persons aged 12 or older in 2009-2010 were classified with illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year. Of these, 7.1 million had illicit drug dependence or abuse, and 18.4 million had alcohol dependence or abuse (see Tables 16, 18, and 20 in "State Estimates of Substance Use and Mental Disorders from the 2009-2010 NSDUH: Web-Only Count Tables" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx).
In 2009-2010, 7.3 percent of the population aged 12 or older was classified with alcohol dependence or abuse nationwide in the past year (see Table B.16 in Appendix B). Persons aged 18 to 25 had the highest rate of alcohol dependence or abuse (15.9 percent) in the Nation. At the State level among persons 12 or older, the District of Columbia had the highest rate (9.5 percent), and Utah had the lowest rate (5.7 percent). While the District of Columbia had the highest rate of past year alcohol dependence or abuse among persons aged 26 or older (8.3 percent), it had the lowest rate among youths aged 12 to 17 along with Maryland (3.3 percent). Three States (Colorado, Montana, and South Dakota) ranked in the highest fifth for all three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) and among persons aged 12 or older (Figures 5.1 to 5.4).
Nationally, the rate for past year dependence or abuse of alcohol dropped from 16.8 percent in 2008-2009 to 15.9 percent in 2009-2010 among young adults 18 to 25 (see Table C.16 in Appendix C). Among 18 to 25 year olds, seven States showed decreases (Delaware, Minnesota, Missouri, New Mexico, New York, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). For the 12 or older age group, decreases were observed in Minnesota and Missouri. A decrease also was seen in the Midwest region among the 12 to 17 age group (from 5.1 percent in 2008-2009 to 4.6 percent in 2009-2010), the 18 to 25 age group (from 18.2 to 16.8 percent), and 12 or older age group (from 7.8 to 7.5 percent). No increases in the past year alcohol dependence or abuse rates were observed for any State or age group.
In 2009-2010, 3.4 percent of persons aged 12 or older nationwide were estimated to be alcohol dependent in the past year, representing about 47 percent of those with alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year (Tables B.16 and B.17). State estimates for alcohol dependence for persons aged 12 or older ranged from 2.9 percent in Georgia, Kentucky, and Utah to 4.6 percent in the District of Columbia. The highest rates for alcohol dependence occurred in the 18 to 25 age group (6.6 percent nationally) compared with the rates for 12 to 17 year olds (1.8 percent nationally) and persons aged 26 or older (3.1 percent nationally). In 2009-2010 among young adults aged 18 to 25, these rates ranged from 5.3 percent in Georgia to 9.8 percent in Montana.
Two States that ranked in the highest fifth in the 12 or older population for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year also were ranked in the highest fifth for past year alcohol dependence (District of Columbia and Rhode Island) (Figures 5.1 and 5.5). Among young adults aged 18 to 25, there were decreases in alcohol dependence from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 in three States: Michigan (from 6.9 to 6.1 percent), Ohio (from 7.8 to 7.0 percent), and Wisconsin (from 8.3 to 6.9 percent). Decreases in alcohol dependence also were seen in the Midwest region among young adults and youths (Table C.17). No increases in past year alcohol dependence were observed for any State or age group.
Nationally in 2009-2010, 2.8 percent of persons aged 12 or older had illicit drug dependence or abuse in the past year, a rate that remained unchanged from 2008-2009 (Table C.18). The District of Columbia had the highest rate of past year illicit drug dependence or abuse (3.9 percent) among persons aged 12 or older, and North Dakota had the lowest rate (2.0 percent). The highest rates for past year illicit drug dependence or abuse occurred in the 18 to 25 age group (7.8 percent nationally), with the highest rate occurring in Vermont (11.0 percent) and the lowest rate in North Dakota (5.2 percent). Among young adults aged 18 to 25, decreases in the rates of past year illicit drug dependence or abuse occurred in the District of Columbia (from 8.8 to 7.1 percent) and Nevada (from 8.9 to 7.0 percent) between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (Table C.18). Among persons aged 12 or older, decreases were observed in Kentucky, Nevada, Rhode Island, and West Virginia, but an increase was seen in Mississippi.
The percentage of persons aged 12 or older in 2009-2010 estimated to have illicit drug dependence in the past year was 1.9 percent (more than two thirds of those who were estimated to have illicit drug dependence or abuse in the past year) (Tables B.18 and B.19). The District of Columbia had the highest percentage of persons aged 12 or older with illicit drug dependence in the past year (2.6 percent), and Iowa had the lowest rate (1.4 percent). Seven States (District of Columbia, Idaho, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont) that were in the highest group for illicit drug dependence or abuse among persons aged 12 or older were also in the highest group for illicit drug dependence (Figures 5.9 and 5.13).
Among young adults aged 18 to 25, a decline in the past year illicit drug dependence rate occurred in the District of Columbia (from 6.6 to 4.7 percent) from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 (Table C.19). Among persons 12 or older, decreases were observed in Kentucky and Rhode Island. Additionally, among persons aged 26 or older, a decrease was observed in Rhode Island. There were no significant changes in past year illicit drug dependence in any other State by age group combination.
The national rate in 2009-2010 for past year illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse among persons aged 12 or older was 8.9 percent, similar to the rate in 2008-2009 (9.0 percent) (Table C.20). When examining illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse at the State level, the States with high rates for alcohol dependence or abuse tended to rank in the top fifth for illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse combined because alcohol accounts for most of the substance dependence or abuse. Of the 10 States that ranked in the highest fifth for past year alcohol dependence or abuse, 7 States also ranked in the top fifth for past year illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse among persons aged 12 or older: Colorado, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, Rhode Island, and South Dakota (Figures 5.1 and 5.17).
State percentages for past year illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse among persons aged 12 or older in 2009-2010 ranged from 7.4 percent in Utah to 12.0 percent in the District of Columbia (Table B.20). Four States (Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, and South Dakota) were in the highest fifth for the three age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older) and among persons aged 12 or older (Figures 5.17 to 5.20). Four States (Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Utah) were in the lowest fifth for all age groups.
Among persons aged 12 or older, the rate of past year illicit drug or alcohol dependence or abuse at the State level decreased significantly from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 for Georgia, Minnesota, and Missouri (Table C.20). In the Midwest census region, decreases were seen in the 12 to 17 age group (from 7.6 to 7.2 percent) and in the 18 to 25 age group (from 21.6 to 20.6 percent). At the State level, decreases occurred among young adults aged 18 to 25 in Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; all of these States are located in the Midwest region.
The definition of a person needing but not receiving treatment for an illicit drug problem is that the person met the criteria for illicit drug dependence or abuse in the past year according to the DSM-IV (APA, 1994), but did not receive specialty treatment for an illicit drug problem in the past year. Specialty treatment is treatment received at a drug or alcohol rehabilitation facility (inpatient or outpatient), hospital (inpatient only), or mental health center. It does not include treatment at an emergency room, private doctor's office, self-help group, prison or jail, or hospital as an outpatient. The national rate in 2009-2010 for needing but not receiving treatment for an illicit drug problem among persons aged 12 or older was 2.5 percent, which was similar to the rate in 2008-2009 (Table C.21).
In 2009-2010, California and Rhode Island had the highest percentage of persons aged 12 or older (3.0 percent) needing but not receiving treatment for an illicit drug use problem (Table B.21). North Dakota had the lowest rate among persons aged 12 or older (1.8 percent). Among persons aged 12 or older, decreases between the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 estimates were observed in Kentucky, Nevada, Rhode Island, and West Virginia (Table C.21). Among persons aged 18 to 25, decreases were seen in the District of Columbia and Nevada, and an increase was seen in Washington.
The definition of a person needing but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem is that the person met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year according to the DSM-IV (APA, 1994), but did not receive specialty treatment for an alcohol problem in the past year. The percentage of persons aged 12 or older needing but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem was 6.9 percent in 2009-2010, which was similar to the rate of 7.0 percent in 2008-2009 (Table C.22).
Five States (California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island) were ranked in the highest quintile for both needing but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem and needing but not receiving treatment for an illicit drug problem among persons aged 12 or older (Figures 5.21 and 5.25). The District of Columbia had the highest rate of needing but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem among persons aged 12 or older (9.2 percent), while Utah had the lowest rate (5.4 percent) (Table B.22). Although the District of Columbia ranked in the top fifth for needing but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem among persons aged 26 or older and among persons aged 12 or older, it ranked in the lowest quintile group among 12 to 17 year olds with a rate of 3.4 percent (among 12 to 17 year olds, Maryland's rate was the lowest at 3.3 percent).
At the State level, among persons 12 or older, declines in the rate of needing but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 were seen in Minnesota and New Mexico (Table C.22). A decline also was seen in the Midwest region. Among young adults aged 18 to 25, a decrease was observed in the Northeast and Midwest regions, as well as nationally (from 16.1 percent in 2008-2009 to 15.3 percent in 2009-2010). At the State level, decreases among young adults occurred in Delaware, Minnesota, Missouri, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
This chapter presents findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) on past year serious mental illness, any mental illness, serious thoughts of suicide, and major depressive episode (i.e., depression) for adults aged 18 or older. Estimates of depression among youths aged 12 to 17 also are included. In addition to the findings, a brief description of each measure is provided. For more details on these measures, see Section A.11 in Appendix A.
Public Law No. 102-321, the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) Reorganization Act of 1992, established a block grant for States within the United States to fund community mental health services for adults with serious mental illness. The law required States to include prevalence estimates in their annual applications for block grant funds. This legislation also required the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to develop an operational definition of serious mental illness.
SAMHSA defined serious mental illness among adults as persons aged 18 or older who currently or at any time in the past year have had a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder (excluding developmental and substance use disorders) of sufficient duration to meet diagnostic criteria specified within the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994) that has resulted in serious functional impairment, which substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities.
Nationally in 2009-2010, 3.9 percent of adults aged 18 or older had serious mental illness in the past year (Table B.23). Idaho and Utah had the highest rate (5.1 percent), while California had the lowest rate (3.2 percent) among adults 18 or older. Among the 18 or older and 26 or older age groups, one State (Alabama) had an increase in the rate of serious mental illness from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 (Table C.23). There were increases in two States (Delaware and Idaho) for the 18 to 25 year olds. No decreases occurred in any State or age group.
Any mental illness among adults aged 18 or older is defined as currently or at any time in the past year having had a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder (excluding developmental and substance use disorders) of sufficient duration at any time during the past year to meet diagnostic criteria specified within the DSM-IV (APA, 1994). Adults who had a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder in the past year, regardless of their level of functional impairment, were defined as having any mental illness.
In 2009-2010, the national rate of past year any mental illness among adults aged 18 or older was 18.1 percent (Table B.24). The highest rate for any mental illness among persons aged 18 or older occurred in Utah (22.9 percent); the lowest rate occurred in Georgia (15.6 percent). Among persons aged 18 or older, Alabama, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Rhode Island, Utah, and West Virginia ranked in the highest fifth for both serious mental illness and any mental illness (Figures 6.1 and 6.4).
Among adults aged 18 or older and 26 or older, three States had increases in the rate of any mental illness between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (Alabama, Alaska, and Idaho), while three States had decreases (Nevada, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin) and one State had an increase (Alaska) among young adults aged 18 to 25 (Table C.24).
Responding to a need for national and State-level data on the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behavior, a set of questions was added beginning with the 2008 NSDUH questionnaire. These questions include asking all adult respondents aged 18 or older if at any time during the past 12 months they had serious thoughts of suicide.
In 2009-2010, 3.8 percent of adults aged 18 or older had serious thoughts of suicide in the past year in the United States, which was similar to the rate from 2008-2009 (3.7 percent) (Table C.25). State-level estimates ranged from 3.1 percent in Georgia and Texas to 5.0 percent in Utah. Having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year was highest among young adults aged 18 to 25 (6.4 percent nationwide) in 2009-2010 (Table B.25).
Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, an increase in the percentage of adults having had serious thoughts of suicide was seen in Delaware (from 3.0 to 3.9 percent among all adults 18 or older). No other changes in any State or age group were observed.
Whether a person has a major depressive episode is determined from the criteria specified in the DSM-IV (APA, 1994). The NSDUH questionnaire allows for the production of various estimates related to major depressive episode, including lifetime and past year prevalence, treatment, and role impairment. For this report, estimates were produced only for past year major depressive episode (i.e., depression). Some questions in the adult module differ slightly from questions in the adolescent depression module. Therefore, data on major depressive episode for adults aged 18 or older should not be compared or combined with data on major depressive episode for youths aged 12 to 17.
Nationwide in 2009-2010, 6.7 percent of adults aged 18 or older had a major depressive episode in the past year, which was similar to the rate from 2008-2009 (6.5 percent) (Table C.26). Estimates at the State level ranged from 5.9 percent in New Mexico to 8.2 percent in Utah (Table B.26). Between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, rates of depression among adults aged 18 or older increased in Iowa and Ohio (Table C.26).
In 2009-2010, 8.1 percent of youths aged 12 to 17 experienced depression nationwide during the past year (Table B.26), which was similar to the rate in 2008-2009 (8.2 percent) (Table C.26). In 2009-2010, rates of depression among youths ranged from 6.9 percent in the District of Columbia and Louisiana to 9.6 percent in Missouri. At the State level, there were no significant changes in the rates of depression among youths between 2008-2009 and 2009-2010.
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; SMI Estimates Revised October 2013).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; SMI Estimates Revised October 2013).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; SMI Estimates Revised October 2013).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; AMI Estimates Revised October 2013).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; AMI Estimates Revised October 2013).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; AMI Estimates Revised October 2013).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
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Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) Reorganization Act, Pub. L. No. 102-321 (1992).
Aldworth, J., Barnett-Walker, K., Chromy, J., Karg, R., Morton, K., Novak, S., & Spagnola, K. (2009, June). Measuring serious mental illness with the NSDUH: Results of 2008 12-month analysis. In 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological resource book (Section 16, prepared for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration under Contract No. 283-2004-00022, Mental Health Surveillance Survey Deliverable 5, RTI/0209009.423.006.008). Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International.
Aldworth, J., Kott, P., Yu, F., Mosquin, P., & Barnett-Walker, K. (2012). Analysis of effects of 2008 NSDUH questionnaire changes: Methods to adjust adult MDE and SPD estimates and to estimate SMI in the 2005-2009 surveys. In 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological resource book (Section 16b, prepared for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration under Contract No. HHSS283200800004C, Deliverable No. 39, RTI/0211838.108.005). Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D., & O'Malley, P. M. (1998). Explaining recent increases in students' marijuana use: Impacts of perceived risks and disapproval, 1976 through 1996. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 887-892.
Brener, N. D., Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Grunbaum, J. A., Gross, L. A., Kyle, T. M., & Ross, J. G. (2006). The association of survey setting and mode with self-reported health risk behaviors among high school students. Public Opinion Quarterly, 70, 354-374.
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2010). Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental health findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 10-4609 NSDUH Series H-39). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 11-4658, NSDUH Series H-41). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2012a). National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2011 public use file and codebook. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34481.v1
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2012b). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental health findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 11-4667, NSDUH Series H-42). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (in press). Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental health findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Endicott, J., Spitzer, R. L., Fleiss, J. L., & Cohen, J. (1976). The Global Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 766-771.
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research.
Folsom, R. E., Shah, B., & Vaish, A. (1999). Substance abuse in states: A methodological report on model based estimates from the 1994-1996 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse. In Proceedings of the 1999 Joint Statistical Meetings, American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section, Baltimore, MD (pp. 371-375). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
Gfroerer, J., Wright, D., & Kopstein, A. (1997). Prevalence of youth substance use: The impact of methodological differences between two national surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 47, 19-30.
Gfroerer, J. C., Wu, L.-T., & Penne, M. A. (2002). Initiation of marijuana use: Trends, patterns, and implications (HHS Publication No. SMA 02-3711, Analytic Series A-17). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Ghosh, M. (1992). Constrained Bayes estimation with applications. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, 533-540.
Grucza, R. A., Abbacchi, A. M., Przybeck, T. R., & Gfroerer, J. C. (2007). Discrepancies in estimates of prevalence and correlates of substance use and disorders between two national surveys. Addiction, 102, 623-629.
Hennessy, K. H., & Ginsberg, C. (Eds.). (2001). Substance use survey data collection methodologies and selected papers [Special issue]. Journal of Drug Issues, 31(3), 595-808.
Hughes, A., Muhuri, P., Sathe, N., & Spagnola, K. (2010). State estimates of substance use from the 2007-2008 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 10-4472, NSDUH Series H-37). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Hughes, A., Muhuri, P., Sathe, N., & Spagnola, K. (2011). State estimates of substance use from the 2008-2009 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 11-4641, NSDUH Series H-40). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.
Hughes, A., Sathe, N., & Spagnola, K. (2008). State estimates of substance use from the 2005-2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 08-4311, NSDUH Series H-33). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Hughes, A., Sathe, N., & Spagnola, K. (2009). State estimates of substance use from the 2006-2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 09-4362, NSDUH Series H-35). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S. L., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 184-189.
Leon, A. C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., & Sheehan, D. V. (1997). Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan Disability Scale. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 27(2), 93-105.
Miller, J. W., Gfroerer, J. C., Brewer, R. D., Naimi, T. S., Mokdad, A., & Giles, W. H. (2004). Prevalence of adult binge drinking: A comparison of two national surveys. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27, 197-204.
Novak, S. (2007, October). An item response analysis of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) items in the 2002-2004 NSDUH (prepared for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration under Contract No. 283-03-9028, RTI/8726). Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International.
Office of Applied Studies. (2000). Summary of findings from the 1999 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (HHS Publication No. SMA 00-3466, NHSDA Series H-12). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Office of Applied Studies. (2001). Development of computer-assisted interviewing procedures for the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (HHS Publication No. SMA 01-3514, Methodology Series M-3). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Office of Applied Studies. (2004, September 10). Accessing data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The NSDUH Report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Office of Applied Studies. (2005). Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 05-4062, NSDUH Series H-28). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Office of Applied Studies. (2009). Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 09-4434, NSDUH Series H-36). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Payton, M. E., Greenstone, M. H., & Schenker, N. (2003). Overlapping confidence intervals or standard error intervals: What do they mean in terms of statistical significance? Journal of Insect Science, 3, 34.
Raftery, A. L., & Lewis, S. (1992). How many iterations in the Gibbs sampler? In J. M. Bernardo, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid, & A. F. M. Smith (Eds.), Bayesian statistics 4 (pp. 763-774). London, England: Oxford University Press.
Schenker, N., & Gentleman, J. F. (2001). On judging the significance of differences by examining the overlap between confidence intervals. American Statistician, 55(3), 182-186.
Scheuren, F. (2004, June). What is a survey (2nd ed.). Retrieved May 7, 2012, from http://www.whatisasurvey.info/
Shah, B. V., Barnwell, B. G., Folsom, R., & Vaish, A. (2000). Design consistent small area estimates using Gibbs algorithm for logistic models. In Proceedings of the 2000 Joint Statistical Meetings, American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section, Indianapolis, IN (pp. 105-111). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
Singh, A. C., & Folsom, R. E. (2001, April 11-14). Hierarchical Bayes calibrated domain estimation via Metropolis-Hastings Step in MCMC with application to small areas. Presented at the International Conference on Small Area Estimation and Related Topics, Potomac, MD.
Wright, D. (2002a). State estimates of substance use from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume I. Findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 02-3731, NHSDA Series H-15). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Wright, D. (2002b). State estimates of substance use from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume II. Supplementary technical appendices (HHS Publication No. SMA 02-3732, NHSDA Series H-16). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Wright, D. (2003a). State estimates of substance use from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume I. Findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 03-3775, NHSDA Series H-19). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Wright, D. (2003b). State estimates of substance use from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume II. Individual state tables and technical appendices (HHS Publication No. SMA 03-3826, NHSDA Series H-20). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Wright, D. (2004). State estimates of substance use from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 04-3907, NSDUH Series H-23). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
Wright, D., & Sathe, N. (2005). State estimates of substance use from the 2002-2003 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 05-3989, NSDUH Series H-26). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
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Wright, D., Sathe, N., & Spagnola, K. (2007). State estimates of substance use from the 2004-2005 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 07-4235, NSDUH Series H-31). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
This report includes estimates of 25 substance use and mental health measures (see Section A.2) using the combined data from the 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Also included in this report are comparisons between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 combined-year State estimates. As discussed in Chapter 1 (Section 1.1), several changes were introduced to the survey in 2002; thus, estimates for 2001 and prior years are not comparable with estimates from 2002 and later years.
The survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes (SWHB) methodology used in the production of State estimates from the 1999 to 2009 surveys also was used in the production of the 2009-2010 State estimates. The SWHB methodology is described in Appendix E of the 2001 State report (Wright, 2003b) and by Folsom, Shah, and Vaish (1999). The goals of small area estimation (SAE) modeling and the implementation of SAE modeling remain the same and are described in Appendix E of the 2001 State report (Wright, 2003b). A general model description is given in Section A.1. A list of measures for which small area estimates are produced in this report is given in Section A.2. The list of predictors used in the 2009-2010 SAE modeling is given in Section A.3. Information on the updated population projections obtained from Claritas that were used for the first time in producing the 2007-2008 small area estimates and how they were used to create SAE model predictors is given in Section A.4. No new variable selection was done for any measure (as discussed in Section A.5).
Small area estimates obtained using the SWHB methodology are design consistent (i.e., the small area estimates for States with large sample sizes are close to the robust design-based estimates). The State small area estimates when aggregated using the appropriate population totals result in national small area estimates that are very close to the national design-based estimates. However, for numerous reasons (including internal consistency), it is desirable to have national small area estimates exactly match the national design-based estimates. Beginning in 2002, exact benchmarking was introduced as described in Section A.6.10 Tables of estimated numbers of persons associated with each measure (in thousands) are available on the Web (see https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx). An explanation of how these counts and their respective Bayesian confidence intervals11 are calculated can be found in Section A.7. The definition and explanation of the formula used in estimating the marijuana incidence rate is given in Section A.8.
For all measures except major depressive episode (i.e., depression), serious mental illness, any mental illness, and past year serious thoughts of suicide, the age groups for which estimates are provided in this report are 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older. Estimates for those aged 12 or older also are provided in this report. Because it was determined that States may find estimates for persons aged 18 or older useful, estimates for that age group are available on the Web (see https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx). Also included in this report are estimates of underage (aged 12 to 20) alcohol use and binge alcohol use. Alcohol consumption is expected to differ significantly across the 18 to 25 age group because of the legalization of alcohol at age 21. Therefore, it was decided that it would be useful to produce small area estimates for persons aged 12 to 20. A short description of the methodology used to produce underage drinking estimates is provided in Section A.9.
Section A.10 discusses the criteria used to define illicit drug and alcohol dependence and abuse and needing but not receiving treatment. Section A.11 discusses the production of estimates for major depressive episode (i.e., depression), serious mental illness, any mental illness, and suicidal thoughts. Note that for major depressive episode, there are no 12 or older estimates published; also, for serious mental illness, any mental illness, and serious thoughts of suicide, no 12 to 17 estimates are produced because youths are not asked these questions. Section A.12 discusses the method to compare prevalence rates of a particular measure between two States. The methodology used to compare the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 State estimates is described in Section A.13.
At the end of this appendix, tables showing the 2008, 2009, 2010, pooled 2008-2009, and pooled 2009-2010 survey sample sizes, population estimates, and response rates are included (Tables A.1 to A.14). Table A.15 lists all measures and the years for which small area estimates were produced going back to the 2002 NSDUH.
The model can be characterized as a complex mixed12 model (including both fixed and random effects) of the following form:
where 
is the probability of engaging in the behavior of interest (e.g., using marijuana in the past month) for person-k belonging to age group-a in grouped State sampling region (SSR)-j of State-i.13 Let 
denote a 
vector of auxiliary (predictor) variables associated with age group-a (12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 to 34, and 35 or older) and 
denote the associated vector of regression parameters. The age group-specific vectors of auxiliary variables are defined for every block group in the Nation and also include person-level demographic variables, such as race/ethnicity and gender. The vectors of State-level random effects 
and grouped SSR-level random effects 
are assumed to be mutually independent with 
and 
, where 
is the total number of individual age groups modeled (generally, 
). For hierarchical Bayes (HB) estimation purposes, an improper uniform prior distribution is assumed for , and proper Wishart prior distributions are assumed for 
and 
. The HB solution for involves a series of complex Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) steps to generate values of the desired fixed and random effects from the underlying joint posterior distribution. The basic process is described in Folsom et al. (1999), Shah, Barnwell, Folsom, and Vaish (2000), and Wright (2003a, 2003b).
Once the required number of MCMC samples for the parameters of interest are generated and tested for convergence properties (see Raftery & Lewis, 1992), the small area estimates for each age group × race/ethnicity × gender cell within a block group can be obtained. These block group-level small area estimates then can be aggregated using the appropriate population count projections to form State-level small area estimates for the desired age group(s). These State-level small area estimates are benchmarked to the national design-based estimates as described in Section A.6.
The 2010 NSDUH data were pooled with the 2009 NSDUH data, and age group-specific State prevalence estimates for 25 binary (0, 1) measures were produced and presented in this report in Appendix B. Estimates were produced for the following outcomes:
Comparisons between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 State estimates were produced for all of these measures and are included in this report in Appendix C.
Local area data used as potential predictor variables in the mixed logistic regression models were obtained from several sources, including Claritas Inc., the U.S. Census Bureau, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (Uniform Crime Reports), Health Resources and Services Administration (Area Resource File), the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services [N-SSATS]), and the National Center for Health Statistics (mortality data). The values of these predictor variables are updated every year (when possible). Sources and potential data items used in the modeling are provided in the following text and lists.
The following lists provide the specific independent variables that were potential predictors in the models.
| Claritas Data (Description) | Claritas Data (Level) |
|---|---|
| % Population Aged 0 to 19 in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Population Aged 20 to 24 in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Population Aged 25 to 34 in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Population Aged 35 to 44 in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Population Aged 45 to 54 in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Population Aged 55 to 64 in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Population Aged 65 or Older in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Non-Hispanic Blacks in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Hispanics in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Non-Hispanic Other Races in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Non-Hispanic Whites in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Males in Block Group | Block Group |
| % Females in Block Group | Block Group |
| % American Indians, Eskimos, Aleuts in Tract | Tract |
| % Asians, Pacific Islanders in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 0 to 19 in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 20 to 24 in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 25 to 34 in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 35 to 44 in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 45 to 54 in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 55 to 64 in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 65 or Older in Tract | Tract |
| % Non-Hispanic Blacks in Tract | Tract |
| % Hispanics in Tract | Tract |
| % Non-Hispanic Other Races in Tract | Tract |
| % Non-Hispanic Whites in Tract | Tract |
| % Males in Tract | Tract |
| % Females in Tract | Tract |
| % Population Aged 0 to 19 in County | County |
| % Population Aged 20 to 24 in County | County |
| % Population Aged 25 to 34 in County | County |
| % Population Aged 35 to 44 in County | County |
| % Population Aged 45 to 54 in County | County |
| % Population Aged 55 to 64 in County | County |
| % Population Aged 65 or Older in County | County |
| % Non-Hispanic Blacks in County | County |
| % Hispanics in County | County |
| % Non-Hispanic Other Races in County | County |
| % Non-Hispanic Whites in County | County |
| % Males in County | County |
| % Females in County | County |
| 2000 Census Data (Description) | 2000 Census Data (Level) |
|---|---|
| % Population Who Dropped Out of High School | Tract |
| % Housing Units Built in 1940 to 1949 | Tract |
| % Persons Aged 16 to 64 with a Work Disability | Tract |
| % Hispanics Who Are Cuban | Tract |
| % Females 16 Years or Older in Labor Force | Tract |
| % Females Never Married | Tract |
| % Females Separated, Divorced, Widowed, or Other | Tract |
| % One-Person Households | Tract |
| % Female Heads of Household, No Spouse, Child under 18 | Tract |
| % Males 16 Years or Older in Labor Force | Tract |
| % Males Never Married | Tract |
| % Males Separated, Divorced, Widowed, or Other | Tract |
| % Housing Units Built in 1939 or Earlier | Tract |
| Average Persons per Room | Tract |
| % Families below Poverty Level | Tract |
| % Households with Public Assistance Income | Tract |
| % Housing Units Rented | Tract |
| % Population with 9 to 12 Years of School, No High School Diploma | Tract |
| % Population with 0 to 8 Years of School | Tract |
| % Population with Associate's Degree | Tract |
| % Population with Some College and No Degree | Tract |
| % Population with Bachelor's, Graduate, Professional Degree | Tract |
| Median Rents for Rental Units | Tract |
| Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units | Tract |
| Median Household Income | Tract |
| Uniform Crime Report Data (Description) | Uniform Crime Report Data (Level) |
|---|---|
| Drug Possession Arrest Rate | County |
| Drug Sale or Manufacture Arrest Rate | County |
| Drug Violations' Arrest Rate | County |
| Marijuana Possession Arrest Rate | County |
| Marijuana Sale or Manufacture Arrest Rate | County |
| Opium or Cocaine Possession Arrest Rate | County |
| Opium or Cocaine Sale or Manufacture Arrest Rate | County |
| Other Drug Possession Arrest Rate | County |
| Other Dangerous Non-Narcotics Arrest Rate | County |
| Serious Crime Arrest Rate | County |
| Violent Crime Arrest Rate | County |
| Driving under Influence Arrest Rate | County |
| Other Categorical Data (Description) | Other Categorical Data (Source) |
Other Categorical Data (Level) |
|---|---|---|
| = 1 if Hispanic, = 0 Otherwise | NSDUH Sample | Person |
| = 1 if Non-Hispanic Black, = 0 Otherwise | NSDUH Sample | Person |
| = 1 if Non-Hispanic Other, = 0 Otherwise | NSDUH Sample | Person |
| = 1 if Male, = 0 if Female | NSDUH Sample | Person |
| = 1 if MSA with ≥ 1 Million, = 0 Otherwise | 2000 Census | County |
| = 1 if MSA with < 1 Million, = 0 Otherwise | 2000 Census | County |
| = 1 if Non-MSA Urban, = 0 Otherwise | 2000 Census | Tract |
| = 1 if Urban Area, = 0 if Rural Area | 2000 Census | Tract |
| = 1 if No Cubans in Tract, = 0 Otherwise | 2000 Census | Tract |
| = 1 if No Arrests for Dangerous Non-Narcotics, = 0 Otherwise | UCR | County |
| Miscellaneous Data (Description) | Miscellaneous Data (Source) | Miscellaneous Data (Level) |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Death Rate, Underlying Cause | NCHS-ICD-10 | County |
| Cigarette Death Rate, Underlying Cause | NCHS-ICD-10 | County |
| Drug Death Rate, Underlying Cause | NCHS-ICD-10 | County |
| Alcohol Treatment Rate | N-SSATS (Formerly Called UFDS) | County |
| Alcohol and Drug Treatment Rate | N-SSATS (Formerly Called UFDS) | County |
| Drug Treatment Rate | N-SSATS (Formerly Called UFDS) | County |
| % Families below Poverty Level | ARF | County |
| Unemployment Rate | BLS | County |
| Per Capita Income (in Thousands) | BEA | County |
| Average Suicide Rate (per 10,000) | NCHS-ICD-10 | County |
| Food Stamp Participation Rate | Census Bureau | County |
| Single State Agency Maintenance of Effort | National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) | State |
| Block Grant Awards | SAMHSA | State |
| Cost of Services Factor Index | SAMHSA | State |
| Total Taxable Resources per Capita Index | U.S. Department of Treasury | State |
For the State and substate reports published using the 2002 to 2007 NSDUH data, Claritas data obtained in 2002 were used to produce the small area estimates. In reports published using the 2008, 2009, and 2010 NSDUH data, Claritas data obtained in 2008 were used. The 2002 Claritas data had 2000 and 2002 population counts, as well as 2007 population projections. The 2008 Claritas data had 2008 population counts, as well as 2012 population projections. Claritas data were used for the following in the NSDUH SAE process:
Some of the data differences can be attributed to reasons (2b) and (3), and the rest are most likely attributed to the fact that the 2008-2012 Claritas projections are based on updated population information. Because of these differences in the 2007 population projections based on 2002-2007 Claritas data and the 2008 population counts based on 2008-2012 Claritas data, it was decided that "new" 2007 population projections would be obtained by "projecting back" the 2008-2012 Claritas data. Population projections for 2006 also were obtained in the same manner, so that they could be used in the 2006-2008 SAE reports.
Based on the information above, the following steps were taken for the 2009-2010 SAE process (for more information on the steps taken for the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 SAE processes, see Appendix A of Hughes et al., 2010, and Appendix A of Hughes et al., 2011, respectively):
No new variable selection was done for any measure in 2009-2010. The updated versions of fixed-effect predictors that were used in modeling the 2008-2009 data were used to model the 2009-2010 data. Because the interest was to estimate change between the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 State estimates, the same set of fixed-effect predictors was used for producing both sets of estimates.
The self-calibration built into the SWHB solution ensures that the population-weighted average of the State small area estimates will closely match the national design-based estimates. The national design-based estimates in NSDUH are based entirely on survey-weighted data using a direct estimation approach, whereas the State and census region estimates in this report are model-based. Given the self-calibration ensured by the SWHB solution, for State reports prior to 2002, the standard Bayes prescription was followed; specifically, the posterior mean was used for the point estimate, and the tail percentiles of the posterior distribution were used for the Bayesian confidence interval limits.
Singh and Folsom (2001) extended Ghosh's (1992) results on constrained Bayes estimation to include exact benchmarking to design-based national estimates. In the simplest version of this constrained Bayes solution where only the design-based mean is imposed as a benchmarking constraint, each of the 2009-2010 State-by-age group small area estimates is adjusted by adding the common factor 
, where 
is the design-based national prevalence estimate and 
is the population-weighted mean of the State small area estimates (
) for age group-a. The exactly benchmarked State-s and age group-a small area estimates then are given by 
. Experience with such additive adjustments suggests that the resulting exactly benchmarked State small area estimates will always be between 0 and 100 percent because the SWHB self-calibration ensures that the adjustment factor is small relative to the size of the State-level small area estimates.
Relative to the Bayes posterior mean, these benchmark-constrained State small area estimates are biased by the common additive adjustment factor. Therefore, the posterior mean-squared error for each benchmarked State small area estimate has the square of this adjustment factor added to its posterior variance. To achieve the desirable feature of exact benchmarking, this constrained Bayes adjustment factor was implemented for the State-by-age group small area estimates. The associated Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals can be recentered at the benchmarked small area estimates on the logit scale with the symmetric interval end points based on the posterior root mean-squared errors. The adjusted 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals 
are defined below:
, D
where
, D
, and D
. D
The associated posterior coverage probabilities for these benchmarked intervals are very close to the prescribed 0.95 value because the State small area estimates have posterior distributions that can be approximated exceptionally well by a Gaussian distribution.
Tables 1 to 26, available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10State/NSDUHsae2010/Index.aspx, show the estimated numbers of persons (in thousands) associated with each of the 25 outcomes of interest. To calculate these estimated numbers of persons, the benchmarked small area estimates and the associated 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals are multiplied by the average population across the 2 years (in this case, 2009 and 2010) of the State by age group of interest.
For example, past month use of alcohol among 18 to 25 year olds in Alabama was 52.31 percent (see Table B.9 in Appendix B). The corresponding Bayesian confidence intervals ranged from 48.01 to 56.57 percent. The population count for 18 to 25 year olds averaged across 2009-2010 in Alabama was 515,510 (see Table A.10). Hence, the estimated number of 18 to 25 year olds using alcohol in the past month in Alabama was 0.5231 × 515,510, which is 269,663 (see Table 9). The associated Bayesian confidence intervals ranged from 0.4801 × 515,510 (i.e., 247,496) to 0.5657 × 515,510 (i.e., 291,624). Note that when estimates of the number of persons are calculated for Tables 1 to 26, the unrounded prevalence estimates and population counts are used, then the numbers are reported to the nearest thousand. Hence, the number obtained by multiplying the published prevalence rate with the published population estimate may not exactly match the counts that are published in these tables due to rounding differences.
Incidence rates typically are calculated as the number of new initiates of a substance during a period of time (such as in the past year) divided by an estimate of the number of person-years of exposure (in thousands). The incidence definition used in this report employs a simpler form of the at-risk population based on the model-based methodology. This model-based average annual incidence rate is defined as follows:
, D
where 
is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and 
is the number of persons who never used marijuana.
In this report, the incidence rate is expressed as a percentage or rate per 100 person-years of exposure. Note that this estimate uses a 2-year time period to accumulate incidence cases from each annual survey. By assuming further that the distribution of first use for the incidence cases is uniform across the 2-year interval, the total number of person-years of exposure is 1 year on average for the incidence cases plus 2 years for all the "never users" at the end of the time period. This approximation to the person-years of exposure permits one to recast the incidence rate as a function of two population prevalence rates, namely, the fraction of persons who first used marijuana in the past 2 years and the fraction who had never used marijuana. Both of these prevalence estimates were estimated using the SWHB estimation approach.
The count of persons who first used marijuana in the past 2 years is based on a "moving" 2-year period that ranges over 3 calendar years. Subjects were asked when they first used marijuana. If a person indicated first use of marijuana between the day of the interview and 2 years prior, the person was included in the count. Thus, it is possible for a person interviewed in the first part of 2010 to indicate first use as early as the first part of 2008 or as late as the first part of 2010. Similarly, a subject interviewed in the last part of 2010 could indicate first use as early as the last part of 2008 or as late as the last part of 2010. Therefore, in the 2010 survey, the reported period of first use ranged from early 2008 to late 2010 and was "centered" in 2009. For example, about half of the 12 to 17 year olds who reported first use in the past 24 months reported first use in 2009, while a quarter each reported first use in 2008 and 2010. Persons who responded in 2010 that they had never used marijuana were included in the count of "never used." Similarly, reports of first use in the past 24 months from the 2009 survey ranged from early 2007 to late 2009 and were centered in 2008. Half of the 12 to 17 year olds who reported first use in the past 24 months reported first use in 2008, while a quarter each reported first use in 2007 and 2009. Note that only incidence rates for marijuana use are provided in this report.
To obtain small area estimates for persons aged 12 to 20 for past month alcohol and binge alcohol use, a separate set of models was fit for these two outcomes for the 12 to 17 age group and the 18 to 20 age group. For the 2009-2010 models, no new variable selection was done. Updated versions of the predictors were used to produce the small area estimates.
Model-based estimates for persons aged 12 to 20 were produced by taking the population-weighted average of the individual age group (12 to 17 and 18 to 20) estimates. Estimates for underage drinking for past month alcohol and binge alcohol use were benchmarked to match national design-based estimates for that age group using the process described in Section A.6. Comparisons between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 small area estimates for underage drinking in the States also are presented in this report.
The NSDUH computer-assisted interviewing (CAI) instrumentation includes questions that are designed to measure illicit drug and alcohol dependence and abuse. For these substances,15 dependence and abuse questions were based on the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994).
Specifically, for marijuana, hallucinogens, inhalants, and tranquilizers, a respondent was defined as having dependence if he or she met three or more of the following six dependence criteria:
For alcohol, cocaine, heroin, pain relievers, sedatives, and stimulants, a seventh withdrawal criterion was added. A respondent was defined as having dependence if he or she met three or more of seven dependence criteria. The seventh withdrawal criterion is defined by a respondent reporting having experienced a certain number of withdrawal symptoms that vary by substance (e.g., having trouble sleeping, cramps, hands tremble).
For each illicit drug and alcohol, a respondent was defined as having abused that substance if he or she met one or more of the following four abuse criteria and was determined not to be dependent on the respective substance in the past year:
For additional details on how respondents were classified as having dependence or abuse of illicit drugs and alcohol, see Section B.4.2 in Appendix B of the 2010 NSDUH national findings report (CBHSQ, 2011, pp. 118-120).
Additionally, the NSDUH CAI instrument included a series of questions that are designed to measure treatment need for an alcohol or illicit drug use problem and to determine persons needing but not receiving treatment.
Respondents were classified as needing treatment for an alcohol use problem in the past year if they met at least one of three criteria during the past year: (1) dependence on alcohol; (2) abuse of alcohol; or (3) received treatment for alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). A respondent was classified as needing but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem if he or she met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year, but did not receive treatment at a specialty facility for an alcohol problem in the past year.
Respondents were classified as needing treatment for an illicit drug use problem in the past year if they met at least one of three criteria during the past year: (1) dependence on illicit drugs; (2) abuse of illicit drugs; or (3) received treatment for illicit drug use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient only], or mental health center). A respondent was classified as needing but not receiving treatment for an illicit drug problem if he or she met the criteria for illicit drug dependence or abuse in the past year, but did not receive treatment at a specialty facility for an illicit drug problem in the past year.
This section provides a summary of measurement issues associated with the four mental health outcome variables included in this report—serious mental illness, any mental illness, serious thoughts of suicide, and major depressive episode. Additional details can be found in Section B.4.7 of Appendix B in the 2008 NSDUH national findings report for major depressive episode (OAS, 2009) and in Sections B.4.2 to B.4.4 of Appendix B in the 2012 NSDUH mental health findings report for all four outcome variables (CBHSQ, in press).
In the 2000-2001 and 2002-2003 NSDUH State reports, the Kessler-6 (K6) distress scale was used to measure serious mental illness (Kessler et al., 2003). However, SAMHSA discontinued producing State-level serious mental illness estimates beginning with the release of the 2003-2004 State report because of concerns about the validity of using only the K6 distress scale without an impairment scale; see Section B.4.4 of Appendix B in the 2004 NSDUH national findings report (OAS, 2005). The use of the K6 distress scale continued in the 2003-2004, 2004-2005, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007 State reports, not as a measure of serious mental illness, but as a measure of serious psychological distress because it was determined that the K6 scale only measured serious psychological distress and only contributed to measuring serious mental illness (see details below).
In December 2006, a technical advisory group meeting of expert consultants was convened by SAMHSA's Center for Mental Health Services to solicit recommendations for mental health surveillance data collection strategies among the U.S. population. The panel recommended that NSDUH should be used to produce estimates of serious mental illness among adults using NSDUH's mental health measures and a gold-standard clinical psychiatric interview.
In response, SAMHSA's CBHSQ initiated in 2008 a Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) under its NSDUH contract with RTI International to develop and implement methods to estimate serious mental illness. Based on recommendations from this panel, estimates of serious mental illness presented in this report for 2009 and 2010 are based on this revised methodology and, thus, are not comparable with estimates for serious mental illness or serious psychological distress shown in NSDUH State reports prior to 2009. They are, however, comparable with the 2008-2009 serious mental illness estimates; hence, comparisons between those estimates are provided in this report.
To develop methods for preparing the estimates of serious mental illness and any mental illness presented in this and other NSDUH reports, the MHSS was initiated as part of the 2008 NSDUH design and analysis. Because of constraints on the interview time in NSDUH and the need for trained mental health clinicians, it was not possible to administer a full structured diagnostic clinical interview to assess mental illness on approximately 45,000 adult respondents; therefore, the approach adopted by SAMHSA was to utilize short scales separately measuring psychological distress (K6) and functional impairment that could be used in a statistical model to accurately predict whether a respondent had a mental illness. Two impairment scales—the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)—were included in the 2008 survey for evaluation. The collection of clinical psychiatric interview data was achieved using a subsample of approximately 1,500 adult NSDUH participants in 2008. These participants were recruited for a follow-up clinical interview consisting of a gold-standard diagnostic assessment for mental disorders and functional impairment. In order to determine the optimal scale to measure functional impairment, a split-sample design was incorporated into the full 2008 NSDUH data collection in which half of the adult respondents received the WHODAS and half received the SDS. The 2008 statistical models (subsequently referred to as the "2008 model") using the data from the subsample of respondents collected as part of the MHSS then were developed for each half sample in which the short scales (the K6 in combination with the WHODAS or the K6 in combination with the SDS) were used as predictors in models of mental illness assessed via the clinical interviews. The model parameter estimates then were used to predict serious mental illness in the full 2008 NSDUH sample. Serious mental illness probabilities and predicted values (as well as any mental illness values) were computed for respondents in the NSDUH sample from 2008 to 2010 using model parameter estimates from the 2008 sample.
In 2010, SAMHSA begin preliminary investigations to assess whether improvements to the model were warranted using all of the clinical data that been collected since 2008. In 2011 and 2012, the clinical sample was augmented to include 1,500 respondents per year, leading to a combined sample of approximately 5,000 clinical interviews for 2008 to 2012. SAMHSA determined that the 2008 model has some important shortcomings that had not been detected in the original model fitting because of the small number of respondents in the 2008 clinical subsample. Specifically, the 2008 model substantially overestimated serious mental illness and any mental illness among young adults relative to the clinical interview data. In addition, improvements were needed in the weighting procedures for the MHSS sample data to account better for nonresponse and undercoverage. Therefore, SAMHSA decided to modify the model for the 2012 estimates using the combined 2008-2012 clinical data (subsequently referred to as the "2012 model"). To reduce bias and improve prediction, additional mental health-related variables and an age variable were added in the 2012 model. To provide consistent data for trend assessment, State mental illness estimates for 2008-2009 to 2010-2011 were also recomputed using the new 2012 model (including the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 small area estimates shown in this report). Note that tables or maps showing estimates of serious mental illness and any mental illness based on these 2012 models include "Revised October 2013" in the source line. The next subsection describes the instruments and items used to measure the variables employed in the 2012 model. Specifically, the instrument used to measure mental illness in the clinical interviews is described, followed by descriptions of the scales and items in the main NSDUH interviews that were used as predictor variables in the model (e.g., the K6 and WHODAS total scores, age, and suicidal thoughts).16
As described previously, a subsample of NSDUH participants completed follow-up clinical interviews to provide data for the statistical modeling of the NSDUH interview data of psychological distress and functional impairment on mental health status. The MHSS sample respondents were administered clinical interviews within 4 weeks of the NSDUH main interview to assess the presence of mental disorders and functional impairment. Specifically, each participant was assessed by a trained clinical interviewer (master's or doctoral-level clinician, counselor, or social worker) via paper-and-pencil interviewing (PAPI) over the telephone. The clinical interview used was an adapted version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP) (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 2002). Past year disorders that were assessed through the SCID included mood disorders (e.g., major depressive episode, manic episode), anxiety disorders (e.g., panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder), eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa), intermittent explosive disorder, and adjustment disorder. In addition, the presence of psychotic symptoms was assessed. Substance use disorders also were assessed, although these disorders were not included in the estimates of mental illness.
Functional impairment ratings were assigned by clinical interviewers using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale (Endicott, Spitzer, Fleiss, & Cohen, 1976). Mental illness, measured using the SCID and differentiated by the level of functional impairment, was defined in the MHSS as follows:
The SCID and the GAF in combination were considered to be the gold standard for measuring mental illness.
The K6 in the main NSDUH interview consists of two sets of six questions that asked adult respondents how frequently they experienced symptoms of psychological distress during two different time periods: (1) during the past 30 days, and (2) if applicable, the one month in the past year when they were at their worst emotionally. Respondents were asked about the second time period only if they indicated that there was a month in the past 12 months when they felt more depressed, anxious, or emotionally stressed than they felt during the past 30 days.
The six questions comprising the K6 scale for the past month are as follows:
1 All of the time
2 Most of the time
3 Some of the time
4 A little of the time
5 None of the time
Don't know/Refused
Response categories are the same for the remaining questions shown below.
To create a score, the six items (NERVE30, HOPE30, FIDG30, NOCHR30, EFFORT30, and DOWN30) on the K6 scale were recoded from 0 to 4 so that "all of the time" was coded 4, "most of the time" 3, "some of the time" 2, "a little of the time" 1, and "none of the time" 0, with "don't know" and "refused" also coded as 0. Summing across the transformed responses in these six items resulted in a score with a range from 0 to 24.
If respondents were asked about a month in the past 12 months when they felt more depressed, anxious, or emotionally stressed than they felt during the past 30 days, they were asked comparable K6 items for that particular month in the past 12 months. The scoring procedures for these K6 items for the past 12 months were the same as those described above. The higher of the two K6 total scores for the past 30 days or past 12 months was used both for MHSS analysis purposes and in the adult respondents' final data.
An alternative K6 total score also was created in which K6 scores less than 8 were recoded as 0 and scores from 8 to 24 were recoded as 1 to 17. The rationale for creating the alternative past year K6 score was that serious mental illness prevalence was typically extremely low for respondents with past year K6 scores less than 8, and the prevalence rates started increasing only when scores were 8 or greater. This alternative K6 score was used in both the 2008 and 2012 SMI prediction models.
An initial step of the MHSS was to modify the WHODAS for use in a general population survey, including making minor changes to question wording and reducing its length (Novak, 2007). That is, a subset of 8 items was found to capture the information represented in the full 16-item scale with no significant loss of information.
These eight WHODAS items that were included in the main NSDUH interview were assessed on a 0 to 3 scale, with responses of "no difficulty," "don't know," and "refused" coded as 0; "mild difficulty" coded as 1; "moderate difficulty" coded as 2; and "severe difficulty" coded as 3. Some items had an additional category for respondents who did not engage in a particular activity (e.g., they did not leave the house on their own). Respondents who reported that they did not engage in an activity were asked a follow-up question to determine if they did not do so because of emotions, nerves, or mental health. Those who answered "yes" to this follow-up question were subsequently assigned to the "severe difficulty" category; otherwise (i.e., for responses of "no," "don't know," or "refused"), they were assigned to the "no difficulty" category. Summing across these codes for the eight responses resulted in a total score with a range from 0 to 24. More information about scoring of the WHODAS can be found in the 2011 NSDUH public use file codebook (CBHSQ, 2012a).
An alternative WHODAS total score was created in which individual WHODAS item scores of less than 2 were recoded as 0, and item scores of 2 to 3 were recoded as 1. The individual alternative item scores then were summed to yield a total alternative score ranging from 0 to 8. Creation of an alternative version of the WHODAS score was based on the assumption that a dichotomous measure dividing respondents into two groups (i.e., severely impaired vs. less severely impaired) might fit better than a linear continuous measure in models predicting serious mental illness. This alternative WHODAS score was the variable used in both the 2008 and 2012 serious mental illness prediction models.
In addition to the K6 and WHODAS scales, the 2012 model included the following measures as predictors of serious mental illness: (a) serious thoughts of suicide in the past year; (b) having a past year major depressive episode; and (c) age. The first two variables were added to the model to decrease the error rate in the predictions (i.e., the sum of the false-negative and false-positive rates relative to the clinical interview results). A recoded age variable reduced the biases in estimates for particular age groups, especially 18 to 25 year olds.
Since 2008, all adult respondents in NSDUH have been asked the following question: "At any time in the past 12 months, that is from [DATEFILL] up to and including today, did you seriously think about killing yourself?"17 Definitions for major depressive episode in the lifetime and past year periods are discussed in Section B.4.4 of Appendix B in the 2012 mental health findings report (CBHSQ, in press). For respondents aged 18 to 30, an adjusted age was created by subtracting 18 from the respondent's current age, resulting in values ranging from 0 to 12. For a respondent aged 18, for example, the adjusted age was 0 (i.e., 18 minus 18), and for a respondent aged 30, the adjusted age was 12 (i.e., 30 minus 18). For respondents aged 31 or older, the adjusted age was assigned a value of 12.
Statistical modeling involved developing separate weighted logistic regression prediction models for the K6 and for each of the two impairment scales. With serious mental illness status based on having a SCID diagnosis plus a GAF less than or equal to 50, the response variable Y was defined so that
Y = 1 when a serious mental illness diagnosis is positive; otherwise, Y = 0.
If X is a vector of explanatory variables, then the response probability 
can be estimated using weighted logistic regression models for the WHODAS and SDS half samples. The final 2012 WHODAS calibration model was determined as follows:
where 
refers to an estimate of the serious mental illness response probability 
for the WHODAS models. These covariates in equation (1) come from the main NSDUH interview data:
= Alternative Past Year K6 Score: Past year K6 score less than 8 recoded as 0; past year K6 score 8 to 24 recoded as 1 to 17.
= Alternative WHODAS Score: WHODAS item scores less than 2 recoded as 0; WHODAS item scores 2 to 3 recoded as 1, then summed for a score ranging from 0 to 8.
= Serious Thoughts of Suicide in the Past Year: Coded as 1 if "yes"; coded as 0 otherwise.
= Past Year MDE: Coded as 1 if criteria for past year MDE were met (see Section A.11.3); coded as 0 otherwise.
= Adjusted Age: Coded as age minus 18 if aged 18 to 30; coded as 12 otherwise.As with the 2008 model, a cut point probability 
was determined, so that if 
for a particular respondent, then he or she was predicted to be serious mental illness positive; otherwise, he or she was predicted to be serious mental illness negative. The cut point (0.260573529) was chosen so that the weighted number of false positives and false negatives in the MHSS dataset were as close to equal as possible. The predicted serious mental illness status for all adult NSDUH respondents was used to compute serious mental illness small area estimates. A second cut point probability (0.0192519810) was determined so that any respondent with a serious mental illness probability greater than or equal to the cut point was predicted to be positive for any mental illness, and the remainder were predicted to be negative for any mental illness. The second cut point was chosen so that the weighted numbers of any mental illness false positives and false negatives were as close to equal as possible.
In 2008, approximately half of the respondents in the adult NSDUH sample were assigned to receive questions about impairment based on the WHODAS, and the other half were assigned to receive questions based on the SDS. As noted previously, the purpose of this split sample was to determine whether the SDS or WHODAS impairment scale was a better predictor of serious mental illness. The WHODAS scale was identified as the better predictor.
For the clinical interview respondents who had been administered the SDS in the main survey, an alternative serious mental illness model was fit using the complete MHSS dataset of clinical interviews from 2008 through 2012. Serious mental illness and any mental illness estimates were obtained using the same cut point methodology described previously but was applied to the alternative model.
The modified 2012 SMI prediction model for the SDS half sample was
All of the covariates in equation (2) appeared in equation (1) as well.
As noted previously, serious mental illness estimates for 2008 were based on both the WHODAS and SDS half samples because estimates of serious mental illness were comparable between the half samples. Using the 2012 model allows any mental illness estimates for 2008 to be created based on both the half samples as well. Previous 2008 any mental illness estimates using the 2008 model, on the other hand, were based on only the WHODAS half sample.
Responding to a need for national data on the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behavior, a set of questions was added beginning with the 2008 NSDUH questionnaire (and those sets of questions were continued to be asked in 2009 and 2010). These questions asked all adult respondents aged 18 or older if at any time during the past 12 months they had serious thoughts of suicide (suicidal ideation). State-level estimates of suicidal ideation are included in this report.
According to the DSM-IV, a person is defined as having had major depressive episode in his or her lifetime if he or she has had at least five or more of the following nine symptoms nearly every day in the same 2-week period, where at least one of the symptoms is a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities (APA, 1994): (1) depressed mood most of the day; (2) markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities most of the day; (3) significant weight loss when not sick or dieting, or weight gain when not pregnant or growing, or decrease or increase in appetite; (4) insomnia or hypersomnia; (5) psychomotor agitation or retardation; (6) fatigue or loss of energy; (7) feelings of worthlessness; (8) diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness; and (9) recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation. Respondents who have had a major depressive episode in their lifetime are asked if, during the past 12 months, they had a period of depression lasting 2 weeks or longer while also having some of the other symptoms mentioned. Those reporting that they have are defined as having had major depressive episode in the past year and then are asked questions from the SDS to measure the level of functional impairment in major life activities reported to be caused by the major depressive episode in the past 12 months (Leon, Olfson, Portera, Farber, & Sheehan, 1997).
Beginning in 2004, modules related to major depressive episode, derived from DSM-IV (APA, 1994) criteria for major depression, were included in the questionnaire. These questions permit prevalence estimates of major depressive episode to be calculated. Separate modules were administered to adults aged 18 or older and youths aged 12 to 17. The adult questions were adapted from the depression section of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), and the questions for youths were adapted from the depression section of the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent (NCS-A) (see http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/). To make the modules developmentally appropriate for youths, there are minor wording differences in a few questions between the adult and youth modules. Revisions to the questions in both modules were made primarily to reduce its length and to modify the NCS questions, which are interviewer-administered, to the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) format used in NSDUH. In addition, some revisions, based on cognitive testing, were made to improve comprehension.
Since 2004, the NSDUH questions that determine major depressive episode have remained unchanged. In the 2008 questionnaire, however, changes were made in other mental health items that precede the major depressive episode questions for adults (K6, suicide, and impairment). Questions also were retained in 2009 and 2010 for the WHODAS impairment scale, and the questions for the SDS impairment scale were deleted; see Sections B.4.2 and B.4.3 in Appendix B of the 2010 NSDUH mental health findings report (CBHSQ, 2012b) for further details about these questionnaire changes. These questionnaire changes in 2008 appear to have affected the reporting on major depressive episode questions among adults.
Because the WHODAS was selected to be used in the 2009 and subsequent surveys, model-based adjustments were applied to major depressive episode estimates from the SDS half sample in 2008 to remove the context effect differential between the two half samples. Additionally, model-based adjustments were made to the 2005, 2006, and 2007 adult major depressive episode estimates to make them comparable with the 2008 through 2010 major depressive episode estimates (for more information on these adjustments, see Aldworth, Kott, Yu, Mosquin, & Barnett-Walker, 2012). Thus, estimates of major depressive episode were produced for the 2008-2009 SAE report using the adjusted 2008 major depressive episode variable along with the unadjusted 2009 major depressive episode variable.
In addition, changes to the youth mental health service utilization module questions in 2009 that preceded the questions about adolescent depression could have affected adolescents' responses to the adolescent depression questions and estimates of adolescent major depressive episode. However, these changes in 2009 did not appear to affect the estimates of adolescent major depressive episode. Therefore, data on trends in past year major depressive episode from 2004 to 2010 are available for adolescents aged 12 to 17.
This section describes a method for determining whether differences between two 2009-2010 State estimates are statistically significant. This procedure can be used for any two State estimates representing the same age group (e.g., young adults aged 18 to 25) and time period (e.g., 2009-2010).
Let 
and 
denote the 2009-2010 age group-a specific prevalence rates for two different States, 
and 
, respectively. The null hypothesis of no difference, that is, 
, is equivalent to the log-odds ratio equal to zero, that is, 
, where 
is defined as 
,
where ln denotes the natural logarithm. An estimate of is given by 
,
where 
and 
are the 2009-2010 State estimates given in Appendix B. To compute the variance of
, that is, 
, let 
and 
,
then 
, where 
denotes the covariance between 
and 
. This covariance is defined in terms of the associated correlation as follows:
. D
The quantities 
and 
can be obtained by using the 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals given in Appendix B. For this purpose, let 
and 
denote the 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals for the two States, and , respectively. Then
where 
.
For all practical purposes, the correlation between and is assumed to be negligible; hence, can be approximated by 
. The correlation is assumed to be negligible because each State was a stratum in the first level of stratification; therefore, each State sample is selected independently. However, the correlation between the two State estimates is theoretically nonzero because State estimates share common fixed-effect parameters in the SAE models. Hence, the test statistic 
(defined below) might result in a different conclusion in a few cases when the correlation between the State estimates is incorporated in calculating . To calculate the p value for testing the null hypothesis of no difference (
), it is assumed that the posterior distribution of is normal with 
and 
. With the null value of , the Bayes p value or posterior probability of no difference is 
, where 
is a standard normal random variate, 
, and 
denotes the absolute value of .
When comparing prevalence rates for two States, it is tempting and often convenient to look at their 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals to decide whether the difference in the State prevalence rates is significant. If the two Bayesian confidence intervals overlap, one would conclude that the difference is not statistically significant. If the two Bayesian confidence intervals do not overlap, it implies that the State prevalence rates are significantly different from each other. However, the type-I error for the overlapping 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals test is 0.6 percent (assuming that the two State estimates are uncorrelated and have the same variances) as compared with the 5 percent type-I error of the test based on the statistics defined above (Payton, Greenstone, & Schenker, 2003). Thus, using the overlap method with 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals implies a type-I error that is much less than the 5 percent level that is typically prescribed for such tests.
As discussed in Schenker and Gentleman (2001), the method of overlapping Bayesian confidence intervals is more conservative (i.e., it rejects the null hypothesis of no difference less often) than the standard method based on statistics when the null hypothesis is true. Even if Bayesian confidence intervals for two States overlap, the two prevalence rates may be declared significantly different by the test based on statistics. Hence, the method of overlapping Bayesian confidence intervals is not recommended to test the equivalence of two State prevalence rates. A detailed description of the method of overlapping confidence intervals and its comparison with the standard methods for testing of a hypothesis is given in Schenker and Gentleman (2001) and Payton et al. (2003).
Example. The prevalence rates for past month alcohol use among 12 to 17 year olds in Minnesota and North Dakota are shown in the exhibit below and also in Table B.9 in Appendix B. Looking at the two 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals, it would appear that the Minnesota and North Dakota prevalence rates for past month alcohol use are not statistically different at the 5 percent level of significance because the two Bayesian confidence intervals overlap:
| State | Point Estimate (%) | 95% Bayesian Confidence Interval (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Minnesota | 13.16 | (11.10, 15.55) |
| North Dakota | 16.58 | (14.25, 19.20) |
However, in the following example, the test based on the statistic described earlier concludes that they are significantly different at the 5 percent level of significance.
Let 
, 
, 
, 
, 
, 
. Then,
, D
, D
, D
, D
, and D
. D
Because the computed absolute value of is greater than or equal to 1.96 (the critical value of the statistic), then at the 5 percent level of significance, the hypothesis of no difference (Minnesota prevalence rate = North Dakota prevalence rate) is rejected. Thus, the two State prevalence rates are statistically different. The Bayes p value or posterior probability of no difference is 
.
Comparisons between State small area estimates displayed in Appendix C are based on the 2008 through 2010 NSDUHs. The State estimates for 2008-2009 were recalculated after removing erroneous data (for more details, see Section 1.5 in the Introduction). Hence, the 2008-2009 small area estimates listed here may not match previously published 2008-2009 model-based small area estimates (Hughes et al., 2011). The State estimates for 2009-2010 are the small area estimates given in Appendix B. The moving average State prevalence estimates for the overlapping 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 time periods were obtained from independent applications of SWHB methodology; that is, the 2009-2010 models were fit independently of the previously fitted 2008-2009 models. This independent analysis approach was followed because there was no desire to revise the previously published 2008-2009 estimates. Moreover, the same fixed predictor variables were used in the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 models, but annual updates were made when more current versions became available (see Section A.3 for details). The age group-specific fixed predictor variables were defined at five levels (namely, person-level, census block group-level, tract-level, county-level, and State-level). Also, each age group model had 51 State-level random effects and 300 "within-State" area-level random effects.
To estimate change in State estimates, let 
and 
denote 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 prevalence rates, respectively, for State-s and age group-a. The change between and is defined in terms of the log-odds ratio (
) as opposed to the simple difference because the posterior distribution of the is closer to Gaussian than the posterior distribution of the simple difference (
). The is defined as
, D
where ln denotes the natural logarithm. The p value given in the Appendix C tables is computed to test the null hypothesis of no change (i.e., 
or equivalently 
). An estimate of is given by
, D
where the 
are previously published 2008-2009 State estimates and the 
are the 2009-2010 State estimates presented in this report (see Appendix B). To compute the variance of 
, that is, 
, let 
and 
, then
, D
where 
denotes the covariance between and . This covariance is defined in terms of the associated correlation as follows:
. D
Note that and used here to calculate are the same variances used in calculating the previously published 2008-2009 Bayesian confidence intervals and the 2009-2010 Bayesian confidence intervals given in this report, respectively.
The correlation between and was obtained by simultaneously modeling the 2008, 2009, and 2010 NSDUH data. This simultaneous modeling approach was adopted based on the results of the validation study (see Appendix E, Section E.2, of Wright, 2003b) conducted for measuring change in the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 State estimates. For this simultaneous model, 4 age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 to 34, and 35 or older) by 3 years (2008, 2009, and 2010), that is, 12 subpopulation-specific models, were fitted, each with its own set of fixed and random effects. In this case, the general covariance matrices for the State and within-State random effects were 12 × 12 matrices corresponding to the 12 element (age group × year) vectors of random effects. Note that the survey-weighted, Bernoulli-type log likelihood employed in the SWHB methodology was appropriate for this simultaneous model because the 12 age group × year subpopulations were nonoverlapping. The correlation 
was approximated by the correlation calculated using the posterior distributions of 
and 
from the simultaneous model.
Note that the small area estimates for serious mental illness and any mental illness were revised based on the new 2012 model variables in 2013 (for details, see Section A.11.1). A decision was made by SAMHSA not to produce revised correlations based on the revised variables. It was expected that the correlations would not be too affected by changes to the modeling procedures used to produce estimates for serious mental illness and any mental illness. Hence, in the calculation of p values mentioned below, the correlations for the these two outcomes were based on calculations done using the 2008 model variables; however, updated estimates and variances based on the 2012 model variables were used.
To calculate the p value for testing the null hypothesis of no difference (
), it is assumed that the posterior distribution of 
is normal with 
and 
. With the null value of (), the Bayes p value or posterior probability of no difference is 
, where is a standard normal random variate, 
,
and denotes the absolute value of .
| State | Total Selected DUs |
Total Eligible DUs |
Total Completed Screeners |
Weighted DU Screening Response Rate |
Total Selected |
Total Responded |
Population Estimate |
Weighted Interview Response Rate |
Weighted Overall Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DU = dwelling unit. NOTE: The 2008 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008 (Revised March 2012). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 194,815 | 160,114 | 142,159 | 88.62% | 85,711 | 67,928 | 249,815,089 | 74.24% | 65.79% |
| Northeast | 41,088 | 34,126 | 28,544 | 82.73% | 16,706 | 12,923 | 46,098,527 | 71.79% | 59.40% |
| Midwest | 52,794 | 44,490 | 39,977 | 90.15% | 24,383 | 19,314 | 54,957,186 | 74.93% | 67.55% |
| South | 59,559 | 47,799 | 43,224 | 91.01% | 25,547 | 20,740 | 90,962,960 | 76.37% | 69.50% |
| West | 41,374 | 33,699 | 30,414 | 88.10% | 19,075 | 14,951 | 57,796,416 | 72.24% | 63.64% |
| Alabama | 2,946 | 2,329 | 2,140 | 92.06% | 1,173 | 929 | 3,843,374 | 71.78% | 66.09% |
| Alaska | 2,628 | 1,763 | 1,597 | 90.64% | 1,147 | 908 | 541,167 | 76.32% | 69.18% |
| Arizona | 2,899 | 2,071 | 1,820 | 88.20% | 1,131 | 908 | 5,239,324 | 76.87% | 67.79% |
| Arkansas | 2,699 | 2,130 | 2,000 | 93.82% | 1,122 | 933 | 2,332,677 | 77.25% | 72.48% |
| California | 9,128 | 8,079 | 6,843 | 84.56% | 5,036 | 3,830 | 30,012,612 | 69.66% | 58.90% |
| Colorado | 2,963 | 2,366 | 2,149 | 90.78% | 1,195 | 949 | 4,035,628 | 76.15% | 69.13% |
| Connecticut | 2,744 | 2,426 | 2,158 | 88.84% | 1,162 | 938 | 2,919,630 | 75.10% | 66.72% |
| Delaware | 2,547 | 2,123 | 1,858 | 87.67% | 1,166 | 943 | 721,693 | 78.71% | 69.01% |
| District of Columbia | 4,070 | 3,307 | 2,720 | 82.08% | 1,078 | 900 | 505,593 | 78.87% | 64.74% |
| Florida | 11,058 | 8,486 | 7,704 | 90.84% | 4,388 | 3,590 | 15,343,888 | 76.52% | 69.51% |
| Georgia | 2,610 | 2,026 | 1,836 | 90.56% | 1,089 | 877 | 7,753,524 | 73.73% | 66.77% |
| Hawaii | 3,047 | 2,373 | 2,038 | 84.44% | 1,277 | 897 | 1,052,720 | 65.04% | 54.92% |
| Idaho | 2,393 | 1,943 | 1,842 | 94.82% | 1,147 | 942 | 1,219,776 | 78.15% | 74.11% |
| Illinois | 10,542 | 9,213 | 7,350 | 79.73% | 5,045 | 3,743 | 10,598,573 | 68.66% | 54.74% |
| Indiana | 2,314 | 1,947 | 1,815 | 93.21% | 1,147 | 914 | 5,225,927 | 77.75% | 72.47% |
| Iowa | 2,470 | 2,154 | 2,004 | 92.98% | 1,152 | 945 | 2,484,297 | 80.80% | 75.12% |
| Kansas | 2,163 | 1,864 | 1,746 | 93.67% | 1,100 | 884 | 2,269,597 | 76.83% | 71.97% |
| Kentucky | 2,644 | 2,163 | 2,040 | 94.34% | 1,097 | 884 | 3,524,562 | 73.21% | 69.06% |
| Louisiana | 2,414 | 1,820 | 1,717 | 94.31% | 1,082 | 881 | 3,581,692 | 78.79% | 74.30% |
| Maine | 3,212 | 2,374 | 2,196 | 92.46% | 1,102 | 915 | 1,126,276 | 77.15% | 71.33% |
| Maryland | 2,526 | 2,217 | 1,770 | 79.33% | 1,087 | 844 | 4,660,360 | 72.92% | 57.84% |
| Massachusetts | 2,562 | 2,159 | 1,908 | 88.09% | 1,112 | 897 | 5,476,618 | 76.63% | 67.50% |
| Michigan | 10,246 | 8,222 | 7,299 | 88.81% | 4,587 | 3,675 | 8,341,138 | 75.18% | 66.77% |
| Minnesota | 2,238 | 1,918 | 1,805 | 94.08% | 1,073 | 881 | 4,323,170 | 78.86% | 74.19% |
| Mississippi | 2,109 | 1,677 | 1,587 | 94.69% | 1,074 | 883 | 2,358,646 | 78.01% | 73.87% |
| Missouri | 2,613 | 2,186 | 2,045 | 93.58% | 1,131 | 914 | 4,864,752 | 76.30% | 71.40% |
| Montana | 2,869 | 2,340 | 2,211 | 94.50% | 1,139 | 919 | 808,201 | 77.02% | 72.78% |
| Nebraska | 2,316 | 1,915 | 1,805 | 94.26% | 1,105 | 888 | 1,451,290 | 76.82% | 72.41% |
| Nevada | 2,778 | 2,256 | 2,121 | 94.20% | 1,124 | 887 | 2,115,107 | 74.07% | 69.77% |
| New Hampshire | 2,585 | 2,006 | 1,761 | 87.82% | 1,113 | 904 | 1,115,443 | 79.14% | 69.50% |
| New Jersey | 2,757 | 2,336 | 2,054 | 88.06% | 1,247 | 974 | 7,225,089 | 73.12% | 64.39% |
| New Mexico | 2,591 | 1,946 | 1,835 | 94.30% | 1,073 | 876 | 1,616,007 | 79.35% | 74.83% |
| New York | 11,715 | 9,885 | 7,693 | 77.90% | 4,928 | 3,570 | 16,365,125 | 66.90% | 52.12% |
| North Carolina | 2,433 | 2,039 | 1,874 | 92.06% | 1,084 | 890 | 7,496,430 | 78.16% | 71.95% |
| North Dakota | 2,818 | 2,293 | 2,158 | 94.19% | 1,142 | 932 | 530,391 | 78.87% | 74.29% |
| Ohio | 10,373 | 8,808 | 8,239 | 93.53% | 4,641 | 3,692 | 9,526,405 | 73.94% | 69.15% |
| Oklahoma | 2,192 | 1,775 | 1,602 | 90.43% | 1,117 | 897 | 2,941,713 | 78.99% | 71.43% |
| Oregon | 2,756 | 2,353 | 2,170 | 92.31% | 1,242 | 1,011 | 3,173,495 | 71.54% | 66.04% |
| Pennsylvania | 10,033 | 8,599 | 6,830 | 79.31% | 3,811 | 2,930 | 10,448,312 | 72.73% | 57.68% |
| Rhode Island | 2,653 | 2,197 | 1,966 | 89.44% | 1,080 | 881 | 887,019 | 77.68% | 69.48% |
| South Carolina | 2,806 | 2,167 | 1,977 | 91.00% | 1,113 | 938 | 3,667,059 | 82.06% | 74.68% |
| South Dakota | 2,297 | 1,907 | 1,821 | 95.55% | 1,143 | 963 | 653,933 | 78.42% | 74.93% |
| Tennessee | 2,418 | 1,978 | 1,822 | 92.15% | 1,181 | 937 | 5,136,799 | 75.26% | 69.35% |
| Texas | 8,122 | 6,682 | 6,215 | 93.03% | 4,367 | 3,556 | 19,229,370 | 76.81% | 71.45% |
| Utah | 1,730 | 1,521 | 1,440 | 94.74% | 1,155 | 961 | 2,113,331 | 78.29% | 74.17% |
| Vermont | 2,827 | 2,144 | 1,978 | 92.26% | 1,151 | 914 | 535,016 | 75.19% | 69.37% |
| Virginia | 2,592 | 2,142 | 1,878 | 87.62% | 1,152 | 926 | 6,328,752 | 75.92% | 66.52% |
| Washington | 2,758 | 2,397 | 2,213 | 92.43% | 1,197 | 920 | 5,431,264 | 73.35% | 67.79% |
| West Virginia | 3,373 | 2,738 | 2,484 | 90.51% | 1,177 | 932 | 1,536,829 | 76.20% | 68.97% |
| Wisconsin | 2,404 | 2,063 | 1,890 | 91.53% | 1,117 | 883 | 4,687,712 | 76.91% | 70.39% |
| Wyoming | 2,834 | 2,291 | 2,135 | 93.20% | 1,212 | 943 | 437,785 | 72.21% | 67.30% |
| State | 12-17 Total Selected |
12-17 Total Responded |
12-17 Population Estimate |
12-17 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
18-25 Total Selected |
18-25 Total Responded |
18-25 Population Estimate |
18-25 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
26+ Total Selected |
26+ Total Responded |
26+ Population Estimate |
26+ Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: The 2008 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 26,228 | 22,261 | 24,892,326 | 84.51% | 28,793 | 23,140 | 32,938,183 | 80.38% | 30,690 | 22,527 | 191,984,580 | 71.81% |
| Northeast | 5,009 | 4,184 | 4,374,575 | 82.21% | 5,608 | 4,389 | 5,986,651 | 77.34% | 6,089 | 4,350 | 35,737,300 | 69.61% |
| Midwest | 7,439 | 6,305 | 5,508,681 | 84.56% | 8,217 | 6,591 | 7,275,820 | 79.57% | 8,727 | 6,418 | 42,172,686 | 72.85% |
| South | 7,890 | 6,801 | 9,050,269 | 86.06% | 8,623 | 7,113 | 11,764,906 | 82.98% | 9,034 | 6,826 | 70,147,785 | 73.92% |
| West | 5,890 | 4,971 | 5,958,801 | 83.78% | 6,345 | 5,047 | 7,910,806 | 79.52% | 6,840 | 4,933 | 43,926,809 | 69.31% |
| Alabama | 340 | 292 | 380,937 | 86.23% | 410 | 341 | 501,390 | 83.71% | 423 | 296 | 2,961,047 | 67.68% |
| Alaska | 370 | 300 | 61,212 | 80.19% | 374 | 301 | 75,989 | 81.95% | 403 | 307 | 403,966 | 74.55% |
| Arizona | 352 | 307 | 538,925 | 87.29% | 384 | 311 | 675,594 | 79.95% | 395 | 290 | 4,024,805 | 74.78% |
| Arkansas | 354 | 324 | 231,729 | 91.17% | 398 | 328 | 293,143 | 84.25% | 370 | 281 | 1,807,805 | 74.19% |
| California | 1,471 | 1,223 | 3,178,553 | 82.21% | 1,748 | 1,372 | 4,276,022 | 79.29% | 1,817 | 1,235 | 22,558,037 | 66.03% |
| Colorado | 398 | 341 | 385,509 | 85.87% | 361 | 279 | 522,146 | 77.78% | 436 | 329 | 3,127,973 | 74.54% |
| Connecticut | 306 | 270 | 289,686 | 90.03% | 443 | 359 | 358,342 | 79.84% | 413 | 309 | 2,271,601 | 72.79% |
| Delaware | 351 | 290 | 69,446 | 82.91% | 437 | 354 | 92,890 | 81.55% | 378 | 299 | 559,357 | 77.54% |
| District of Columbia | 300 | 273 | 36,326 | 92.35% | 398 | 336 | 84,963 | 84.30% | 380 | 291 | 384,303 | 76.47% |
| Florida | 1,383 | 1,197 | 1,353,763 | 86.91% | 1,399 | 1,176 | 1,779,426 | 83.78% | 1,606 | 1,217 | 12,210,699 | 74.30% |
| Georgia | 364 | 313 | 823,565 | 85.83% | 335 | 282 | 1,002,141 | 84.62% | 390 | 282 | 5,927,818 | 69.89% |
| Hawaii | 360 | 276 | 94,033 | 77.53% | 431 | 317 | 130,031 | 72.11% | 486 | 304 | 828,656 | 62.56% |
| Idaho | 356 | 314 | 132,813 | 88.57% | 360 | 301 | 163,669 | 82.85% | 431 | 327 | 923,294 | 76.09% |
| Illinois | 1,515 | 1,235 | 1,074,628 | 81.78% | 1,689 | 1,272 | 1,455,604 | 74.87% | 1,841 | 1,236 | 8,068,342 | 65.78% |
| Indiana | 389 | 324 | 532,430 | 84.25% | 370 | 289 | 675,007 | 78.93% | 388 | 301 | 4,018,491 | 76.71% |
| Iowa | 351 | 300 | 242,215 | 85.63% | 372 | 304 | 339,024 | 82.29% | 429 | 341 | 1,903,058 | 79.95% |
| Kansas | 304 | 259 | 230,579 | 84.49% | 395 | 317 | 320,106 | 82.00% | 401 | 308 | 1,718,912 | 74.93% |
| Kentucky | 361 | 314 | 338,183 | 85.31% | 359 | 299 | 425,780 | 81.01% | 377 | 271 | 2,760,600 | 70.28% |
| Louisiana | 328 | 276 | 372,486 | 83.41% | 361 | 301 | 519,209 | 84.62% | 393 | 304 | 2,689,997 | 76.84% |
| Maine | 321 | 286 | 101,011 | 88.64% | 372 | 314 | 125,017 | 83.72% | 409 | 315 | 900,248 | 75.00% |
| Maryland | 343 | 287 | 463,837 | 84.32% | 358 | 284 | 603,272 | 80.92% | 386 | 273 | 3,593,251 | 69.76% |
| Massachusetts | 352 | 301 | 501,071 | 85.22% | 365 | 294 | 745,429 | 80.99% | 395 | 302 | 4,230,117 | 74.93% |
| Michigan | 1,381 | 1,192 | 855,511 | 86.10% | 1,591 | 1,299 | 1,083,355 | 81.49% | 1,615 | 1,184 | 6,402,273 | 72.60% |
| Minnesota | 343 | 301 | 424,864 | 87.96% | 360 | 290 | 572,788 | 80.73% | 370 | 290 | 3,325,519 | 77.33% |
| Mississippi | 330 | 289 | 254,843 | 87.98% | 353 | 296 | 330,023 | 83.47% | 391 | 298 | 1,773,779 | 75.80% |
| Missouri | 358 | 315 | 484,594 | 85.58% | 360 | 284 | 622,228 | 76.74% | 413 | 315 | 3,757,931 | 74.90% |
| Montana | 383 | 318 | 77,182 | 83.49% | 371 | 312 | 105,186 | 84.56% | 385 | 289 | 625,834 | 74.91% |
| Nebraska | 346 | 299 | 145,878 | 86.01% | 358 | 291 | 207,730 | 79.46% | 401 | 298 | 1,097,683 | 75.01% |
| Nevada | 367 | 320 | 213,611 | 87.72% | 382 | 302 | 243,004 | 79.89% | 375 | 265 | 1,658,492 | 71.42% |
| New Hampshire | 336 | 285 | 107,937 | 84.98% | 361 | 297 | 132,623 | 82.48% | 416 | 322 | 874,884 | 78.02% |
| New Jersey | 390 | 316 | 708,395 | 80.08% | 488 | 394 | 861,235 | 80.20% | 369 | 264 | 5,655,459 | 71.02% |
| New Mexico | 316 | 281 | 165,144 | 87.61% | 346 | 275 | 225,333 | 79.50% | 411 | 320 | 1,225,529 | 78.27% |
| New York | 1,418 | 1,155 | 1,548,677 | 80.19% | 1,675 | 1,213 | 2,240,017 | 72.47% | 1,835 | 1,202 | 12,576,431 | 64.26% |
| North Carolina | 375 | 330 | 728,418 | 87.95% | 312 | 256 | 936,723 | 83.17% | 397 | 304 | 5,831,288 | 75.89% |
| North Dakota | 346 | 296 | 49,073 | 85.02% | 392 | 324 | 88,206 | 82.80% | 404 | 312 | 393,112 | 77.23% |
| Ohio | 1,498 | 1,262 | 948,248 | 84.14% | 1,480 | 1,214 | 1,208,122 | 82.55% | 1,663 | 1,216 | 7,370,036 | 71.18% |
| Oklahoma | 324 | 276 | 293,748 | 84.67% | 397 | 311 | 406,525 | 79.30% | 396 | 310 | 2,241,440 | 78.22% |
| Oregon | 369 | 312 | 293,880 | 84.04% | 468 | 407 | 383,593 | 86.15% | 405 | 292 | 2,496,022 | 67.47% |
| Pennsylvania | 1,199 | 984 | 987,054 | 81.74% | 1,182 | 931 | 1,329,112 | 78.89% | 1,430 | 1,015 | 8,132,146 | 70.67% |
| Rhode Island | 319 | 283 | 82,028 | 88.85% | 354 | 289 | 126,487 | 82.24% | 407 | 309 | 678,503 | 75.29% |
| South Carolina | 350 | 302 | 357,713 | 86.20% | 375 | 314 | 464,802 | 84.79% | 388 | 322 | 2,844,544 | 81.14% |
| South Dakota | 325 | 289 | 65,489 | 88.07% | 399 | 351 | 90,410 | 87.27% | 419 | 323 | 498,034 | 75.88% |
| Tennessee | 316 | 263 | 495,488 | 83.78% | 433 | 357 | 616,859 | 80.88% | 432 | 317 | 4,024,452 | 73.37% |
| Texas | 1,318 | 1,135 | 2,109,558 | 86.02% | 1,475 | 1,232 | 2,706,388 | 83.77% | 1,574 | 1,189 | 14,413,424 | 74.07% |
| Utah | 378 | 337 | 251,154 | 86.62% | 337 | 271 | 374,827 | 80.56% | 440 | 353 | 1,487,351 | 76.52% |
| Vermont | 368 | 304 | 48,716 | 81.63% | 368 | 298 | 68,388 | 81.06% | 415 | 312 | 417,912 | 73.53% |
| Virginia | 360 | 307 | 607,065 | 85.38% | 420 | 332 | 825,136 | 80.33% | 372 | 287 | 4,896,552 | 73.98% |
| Washington | 396 | 329 | 524,495 | 84.17% | 383 | 290 | 675,978 | 77.04% | 418 | 301 | 4,230,791 | 71.36% |
| West Virginia | 393 | 333 | 133,164 | 85.61% | 403 | 314 | 176,237 | 77.96% | 381 | 285 | 1,227,428 | 74.83% |
| Wisconsin | 283 | 233 | 455,175 | 83.70% | 451 | 356 | 613,242 | 79.48% | 383 | 294 | 3,619,295 | 75.54% |
| Wyoming | 374 | 313 | 42,291 | 84.01% | 400 | 309 | 59,434 | 76.96% | 438 | 321 | 336,059 | 69.82% |
| State | Total Selected DUs |
Total Eligible DUs |
Total Completed Screeners |
Weighted DU Screening Response Rate |
Total Selected |
Total Responded |
Population Estimate |
Weighted Interview Response Rate |
Weighted Overall Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DU = dwelling unit. NOTE: The 2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 (Revised March 2012). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 195,132 | 161,377 | 142,933 | 88.40% | 84,785 | 68,007 | 251,815,533 | 75.56% | 66.79% |
| Northeast | 42,197 | 35,012 | 28,978 | 81.91% | 16,907 | 13,130 | 46,385,613 | 72.81% | 59.63% |
| Midwest | 53,123 | 44,770 | 40,360 | 90.34% | 23,827 | 19,133 | 55,167,183 | 75.97% | 68.64% |
| South | 60,898 | 49,144 | 44,583 | 91.33% | 25,512 | 20,925 | 92,048,862 | 77.36% | 70.65% |
| West | 38,914 | 32,451 | 29,012 | 87.11% | 18,539 | 14,819 | 58,213,876 | 74.50% | 64.90% |
| Alabama | 2,831 | 2,286 | 2,128 | 92.98% | 1,174 | 944 | 3,876,035 | 78.44% | 72.93% |
| Alaska | 2,303 | 1,768 | 1,631 | 92.08% | 1,110 | 902 | 554,006 | 79.33% | 73.05% |
| Arizona | 2,723 | 2,050 | 1,778 | 82.93% | 1,110 | 916 | 5,310,817 | 79.47% | 65.91% |
| Arkansas | 2,574 | 2,104 | 1,965 | 93.31% | 1,133 | 914 | 2,358,363 | 77.30% | 72.13% |
| California | 8,934 | 7,761 | 6,499 | 83.86% | 4,734 | 3,660 | 30,079,762 | 71.83% | 60.24% |
| Colorado | 2,727 | 2,272 | 2,088 | 92.12% | 1,195 | 984 | 4,096,077 | 77.36% | 71.26% |
| Connecticut | 2,331 | 2,061 | 1,805 | 87.50% | 1,147 | 915 | 2,937,125 | 76.43% | 66.87% |
| Delaware | 2,595 | 2,135 | 1,862 | 87.26% | 1,129 | 920 | 731,769 | 73.59% | 64.21% |
| District of Columbia | 4,322 | 3,511 | 2,851 | 80.59% | 1,042 | 886 | 510,289 | 83.69% | 67.45% |
| Florida | 11,388 | 8,721 | 8,040 | 91.93% | 4,407 | 3,648 | 15,484,832 | 76.74% | 70.54% |
| Georgia | 2,295 | 1,864 | 1,716 | 91.79% | 1,082 | 907 | 7,846,856 | 78.24% | 71.82% |
| Hawaii | 3,209 | 2,718 | 2,154 | 76.85% | 1,321 | 960 | 1,052,232 | 67.00% | 51.49% |
| Idaho | 2,252 | 1,765 | 1,671 | 94.66% | 1,119 | 916 | 1,235,558 | 77.15% | 73.04% |
| Illinois | 10,108 | 8,781 | 7,097 | 80.81% | 4,786 | 3,655 | 10,592,235 | 71.70% | 57.94% |
| Indiana | 2,719 | 2,226 | 2,087 | 93.64% | 1,119 | 904 | 5,261,391 | 79.31% | 74.27% |
| Iowa | 2,567 | 2,203 | 2,049 | 93.14% | 1,099 | 924 | 2,486,476 | 81.80% | 76.19% |
| Kansas | 2,364 | 2,053 | 1,906 | 92.80% | 1,132 | 909 | 2,279,789 | 76.12% | 70.64% |
| Kentucky | 2,411 | 1,946 | 1,828 | 93.94% | 1,118 | 912 | 3,550,066 | 76.64% | 72.00% |
| Louisiana | 2,615 | 2,125 | 1,993 | 93.91% | 1,143 | 923 | 3,640,052 | 78.89% | 74.08% |
| Maine | 3,209 | 2,339 | 2,150 | 92.05% | 1,132 | 964 | 1,128,941 | 82.64% | 76.07% |
| Maryland | 2,231 | 1,905 | 1,544 | 81.00% | 1,002 | 836 | 4,705,966 | 79.72% | 64.57% |
| Massachusetts | 3,277 | 2,813 | 2,385 | 84.82% | 1,239 | 969 | 5,563,652 | 73.77% | 62.57% |
| Michigan | 10,360 | 8,303 | 7,345 | 88.44% | 4,530 | 3,639 | 8,323,828 | 76.86% | 67.98% |
| Minnesota | 2,334 | 1,984 | 1,854 | 93.46% | 1,132 | 925 | 4,356,171 | 77.67% | 72.60% |
| Mississippi | 2,084 | 1,619 | 1,527 | 94.27% | 1,090 | 891 | 2,365,526 | 77.67% | 73.22% |
| Missouri | 2,529 | 2,077 | 1,933 | 93.09% | 1,112 | 889 | 4,926,491 | 75.54% | 70.32% |
| Montana | 2,513 | 2,148 | 2,026 | 94.20% | 1,119 | 909 | 814,381 | 75.98% | 71.57% |
| Nebraska | 2,274 | 1,940 | 1,830 | 94.35% | 1,125 | 911 | 1,457,382 | 78.61% | 74.16% |
| Nevada | 2,605 | 2,063 | 1,941 | 94.25% | 1,149 | 930 | 2,144,323 | 72.30% | 68.14% |
| New Hampshire | 2,786 | 2,255 | 2,004 | 88.82% | 1,190 | 944 | 1,125,160 | 74.46% | 66.14% |
| New Jersey | 2,317 | 1,990 | 1,766 | 88.80% | 1,172 | 906 | 7,241,791 | 72.36% | 64.25% |
| New Mexico | 2,548 | 2,032 | 1,916 | 94.26% | 1,115 | 918 | 1,628,498 | 77.27% | 72.83% |
| New York | 13,014 | 10,782 | 8,289 | 76.73% | 5,021 | 3,707 | 16,380,098 | 70.67% | 54.23% |
| North Carolina | 2,517 | 2,090 | 1,919 | 91.91% | 1,112 | 929 | 7,612,327 | 79.41% | 72.98% |
| North Dakota | 2,919 | 2,427 | 2,290 | 94.35% | 1,149 | 929 | 534,362 | 76.67% | 72.33% |
| Ohio | 9,800 | 8,405 | 7,847 | 93.27% | 4,392 | 3,585 | 9,581,963 | 74.92% | 69.88% |
| Oklahoma | 2,648 | 2,142 | 1,964 | 91.82% | 1,124 | 908 | 2,970,916 | 74.49% | 68.40% |
| Oregon | 2,802 | 2,379 | 2,184 | 91.95% | 1,170 | 947 | 3,199,775 | 79.93% | 73.49% |
| Pennsylvania | 9,705 | 8,367 | 6,610 | 79.12% | 3,795 | 2,915 | 10,583,566 | 72.92% | 57.69% |
| Rhode Island | 2,779 | 2,343 | 2,061 | 87.87% | 1,155 | 913 | 889,360 | 76.51% | 67.23% |
| South Carolina | 3,097 | 2,362 | 2,145 | 90.20% | 1,153 | 954 | 3,730,181 | 76.22% | 68.75% |
| South Dakota | 2,417 | 2,030 | 1,942 | 95.66% | 1,088 | 920 | 659,093 | 81.15% | 77.63% |
| Tennessee | 3,023 | 2,465 | 2,298 | 93.13% | 1,172 | 949 | 5,196,019 | 73.45% | 68.40% |
| Texas | 8,652 | 7,178 | 6,591 | 91.91% | 4,388 | 3,596 | 19,519,442 | 77.65% | 71.37% |
| Utah | 1,539 | 1,376 | 1,306 | 94.90% | 1,101 | 918 | 2,144,172 | 80.38% | 76.28% |
| Vermont | 2,779 | 2,062 | 1,908 | 92.57% | 1,056 | 897 | 535,921 | 79.32% | 73.43% |
| Virginia | 2,499 | 2,171 | 1,924 | 88.59% | 1,125 | 918 | 6,410,227 | 77.07% | 68.28% |
| Washington | 2,359 | 2,098 | 1,913 | 91.14% | 1,158 | 936 | 5,509,332 | 77.01% | 70.19% |
| West Virginia | 3,116 | 2,520 | 2,288 | 90.81% | 1,118 | 890 | 1,539,997 | 73.90% | 67.11% |
| Wisconsin | 2,732 | 2,341 | 2,180 | 93.19% | 1,163 | 943 | 4,708,003 | 76.66% | 71.44% |
| Wyoming | 2,400 | 2,021 | 1,905 | 94.26% | 1,138 | 923 | 444,942 | 78.67% | 74.16% |
| State | 12-17 Total Selected |
12-17 Total Responded |
12-17 Population Estimate |
12-17 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
18-25 Total Selected |
18-25 Total Responded |
18-25 Population Estimate |
18-25 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
26+ Total Selected |
26+ Total Responded |
26+ Population Estimate |
26+ Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: The 2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 26,157 | 22,416 | 24,608,987 | 85.60% | 28,158 | 22,930 | 33,579,988 | 81.48% | 30,470 | 22,661 | 193,626,558 | 73.23% |
| Northeast | 5,185 | 4,362 | 4,305,676 | 83.00% | 5,638 | 4,401 | 6,120,620 | 77.62% | 6,084 | 4,367 | 35,959,317 | 70.73% |
| Midwest | 7,451 | 6,398 | 5,410,447 | 85.51% | 7,803 | 6,325 | 7,337,646 | 80.48% | 8,573 | 6,410 | 42,419,090 | 73.94% |
| South | 7,811 | 6,767 | 9,008,998 | 87.12% | 8,567 | 7,210 | 12,022,931 | 84.47% | 9,134 | 6,948 | 71,016,933 | 74.89% |
| West | 5,710 | 4,889 | 5,883,867 | 85.24% | 6,150 | 4,994 | 8,098,792 | 80.90% | 6,679 | 4,936 | 44,231,217 | 71.90% |
| Alabama | 390 | 326 | 377,817 | 84.54% | 345 | 281 | 510,045 | 81.35% | 439 | 337 | 2,988,173 | 77.25% |
| Alaska | 348 | 302 | 60,144 | 87.18% | 363 | 298 | 78,273 | 84.24% | 399 | 302 | 415,589 | 77.37% |
| Arizona | 343 | 300 | 538,805 | 87.04% | 400 | 326 | 696,689 | 81.36% | 367 | 290 | 4,075,324 | 78.18% |
| Arkansas | 348 | 306 | 231,302 | 89.27% | 376 | 302 | 298,338 | 82.71% | 409 | 306 | 1,828,723 | 74.91% |
| California | 1,379 | 1,169 | 3,117,227 | 84.22% | 1,567 | 1,240 | 4,383,689 | 79.48% | 1,788 | 1,251 | 22,578,845 | 68.69% |
| Colorado | 404 | 365 | 383,909 | 88.69% | 417 | 336 | 533,064 | 82.80% | 374 | 283 | 3,179,105 | 74.49% |
| Connecticut | 367 | 308 | 286,054 | 84.72% | 381 | 312 | 368,953 | 82.06% | 399 | 295 | 2,282,118 | 74.52% |
| Delaware | 358 | 310 | 68,377 | 86.67% | 419 | 350 | 94,723 | 83.22% | 352 | 260 | 568,669 | 70.42% |
| District of Columbia | 288 | 250 | 35,126 | 86.53% | 402 | 344 | 88,250 | 85.28% | 352 | 292 | 386,914 | 83.03% |
| Florida | 1,312 | 1,126 | 1,343,518 | 84.99% | 1,538 | 1,328 | 1,829,604 | 85.43% | 1,557 | 1,194 | 12,311,710 | 74.51% |
| Georgia | 344 | 306 | 821,827 | 89.76% | 342 | 295 | 1,025,485 | 84.40% | 396 | 306 | 5,999,543 | 75.62% |
| Hawaii | 391 | 311 | 92,363 | 77.48% | 397 | 285 | 131,979 | 70.91% | 533 | 364 | 827,890 | 65.27% |
| Idaho | 331 | 284 | 133,111 | 86.64% | 351 | 305 | 165,070 | 87.02% | 437 | 327 | 937,376 | 74.28% |
| Illinois | 1,406 | 1,177 | 1,056,872 | 83.68% | 1,555 | 1,187 | 1,467,611 | 75.72% | 1,825 | 1,291 | 8,067,752 | 69.43% |
| Indiana | 332 | 285 | 527,261 | 87.20% | 356 | 287 | 683,131 | 80.52% | 431 | 332 | 4,051,000 | 78.03% |
| Iowa | 339 | 302 | 237,996 | 90.33% | 376 | 308 | 340,764 | 82.02% | 384 | 314 | 1,907,716 | 80.77% |
| Kansas | 347 | 303 | 227,693 | 87.71% | 415 | 322 | 323,487 | 76.46% | 370 | 284 | 1,728,609 | 74.44% |
| Kentucky | 307 | 267 | 335,609 | 88.29% | 396 | 328 | 431,390 | 82.52% | 415 | 317 | 2,783,068 | 74.53% |
| Louisiana | 338 | 284 | 369,414 | 83.73% | 366 | 308 | 528,427 | 83.76% | 439 | 331 | 2,742,211 | 77.34% |
| Maine | 379 | 337 | 98,248 | 88.85% | 394 | 334 | 125,394 | 84.97% | 359 | 293 | 905,299 | 81.60% |
| Maryland | 315 | 277 | 456,071 | 87.92% | 334 | 280 | 618,887 | 85.95% | 353 | 279 | 3,631,008 | 77.34% |
| Massachusetts | 351 | 288 | 496,369 | 82.35% | 428 | 349 | 771,025 | 81.73% | 460 | 332 | 4,296,258 | 71.38% |
| Michigan | 1,463 | 1,243 | 829,913 | 84.40% | 1,470 | 1,200 | 1,090,449 | 81.26% | 1,597 | 1,196 | 6,403,467 | 75.07% |
| Minnesota | 355 | 307 | 417,528 | 85.64% | 396 | 320 | 575,857 | 80.13% | 381 | 298 | 3,362,786 | 76.19% |
| Mississippi | 300 | 255 | 250,210 | 85.65% | 372 | 318 | 332,057 | 86.26% | 418 | 318 | 1,783,258 | 75.16% |
| Missouri | 374 | 306 | 480,290 | 81.76% | 352 | 294 | 630,416 | 82.92% | 386 | 289 | 3,815,785 | 73.41% |
| Montana | 350 | 295 | 75,210 | 85.30% | 403 | 334 | 105,702 | 82.72% | 366 | 280 | 633,469 | 73.66% |
| Nebraska | 338 | 290 | 143,848 | 87.86% | 375 | 304 | 209,977 | 80.99% | 412 | 317 | 1,103,557 | 76.98% |
| Nevada | 363 | 312 | 214,441 | 85.95% | 391 | 334 | 250,525 | 86.82% | 395 | 284 | 1,679,357 | 68.38% |
| New Hampshire | 387 | 327 | 105,079 | 84.57% | 356 | 286 | 134,825 | 81.03% | 447 | 331 | 885,256 | 72.36% |
| New Jersey | 345 | 290 | 697,510 | 82.70% | 408 | 317 | 881,986 | 77.63% | 419 | 299 | 5,662,295 | 70.27% |
| New Mexico | 346 | 305 | 161,883 | 89.05% | 368 | 310 | 230,548 | 86.27% | 401 | 303 | 1,236,068 | 74.09% |
| New York | 1,460 | 1,203 | 1,521,667 | 81.80% | 1,718 | 1,249 | 2,285,210 | 73.89% | 1,843 | 1,255 | 12,573,221 | 68.68% |
| North Carolina | 309 | 273 | 727,521 | 88.60% | 416 | 358 | 958,312 | 87.15% | 387 | 298 | 5,926,494 | 77.09% |
| North Dakota | 370 | 325 | 48,044 | 88.03% | 356 | 286 | 89,285 | 81.04% | 423 | 318 | 397,033 | 74.33% |
| Ohio | 1,393 | 1,211 | 931,091 | 86.54% | 1,425 | 1,206 | 1,217,923 | 84.04% | 1,574 | 1,168 | 7,432,949 | 71.92% |
| Oklahoma | 365 | 309 | 292,731 | 85.44% | 349 | 287 | 412,462 | 82.00% | 410 | 312 | 2,265,722 | 71.56% |
| Oregon | 419 | 336 | 290,722 | 80.11% | 316 | 264 | 390,321 | 84.79% | 435 | 347 | 2,518,733 | 79.14% |
| Pennsylvania | 1,195 | 988 | 973,827 | 83.33% | 1,222 | 959 | 1,356,120 | 79.03% | 1,378 | 968 | 8,253,618 | 70.58% |
| Rhode Island | 382 | 333 | 80,228 | 87.98% | 366 | 275 | 128,448 | 75.86% | 407 | 305 | 680,684 | 75.29% |
| South Carolina | 406 | 351 | 354,659 | 85.95% | 371 | 321 | 474,729 | 84.77% | 376 | 282 | 2,900,794 | 73.28% |
| South Dakota | 322 | 292 | 64,477 | 90.52% | 385 | 329 | 91,186 | 85.79% | 381 | 299 | 503,430 | 79.03% |
| Tennessee | 394 | 351 | 492,599 | 89.05% | 348 | 289 | 627,894 | 84.29% | 430 | 309 | 4,075,526 | 69.38% |
| Texas | 1,342 | 1,182 | 2,118,403 | 88.34% | 1,439 | 1,196 | 2,768,449 | 83.76% | 1,607 | 1,218 | 14,632,591 | 74.99% |
| Utah | 357 | 318 | 253,766 | 89.75% | 362 | 300 | 377,293 | 81.68% | 382 | 300 | 1,513,113 | 78.55% |
| Vermont | 319 | 288 | 46,695 | 90.40% | 365 | 320 | 68,659 | 87.37% | 372 | 289 | 420,568 | 76.79% |
| Virginia | 348 | 297 | 602,602 | 84.65% | 385 | 330 | 846,780 | 86.18% | 392 | 291 | 4,960,846 | 74.49% |
| Washington | 357 | 311 | 520,243 | 87.01% | 397 | 326 | 694,724 | 81.30% | 404 | 299 | 4,294,365 | 75.18% |
| West Virginia | 347 | 297 | 131,213 | 86.38% | 369 | 295 | 177,100 | 78.81% | 402 | 298 | 1,231,684 | 71.85% |
| Wisconsin | 412 | 357 | 445,433 | 86.36% | 342 | 282 | 617,562 | 81.33% | 409 | 304 | 3,645,007 | 74.69% |
| Wyoming | 322 | 281 | 42,044 | 84.77% | 418 | 336 | 60,915 | 80.40% | 398 | 306 | 341,983 | 77.62% |
| State | Total Selected DUs |
Total Eligible DUs |
Total Completed Screeners |
Weighted DU Screening Response Rate |
Total Selected |
Total Responded |
Population Estimate |
Weighted Interview Response Rate |
Weighted Overall Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DU = dwelling unit. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 201,865 | 166,532 | 147,010 | 88.42% | 84,997 | 67,804 | 253,619,107 | 74.57% | 65.94% |
| Northeast | 43,420 | 36,033 | 29,645 | 81.63% | 16,782 | 13,017 | 46,535,320 | 72.81% | 59.44% |
| Midwest | 54,767 | 45,892 | 41,118 | 89.86% | 24,139 | 19,301 | 55,345,459 | 74.81% | 67.22% |
| South | 63,813 | 51,533 | 46,241 | 90.54% | 25,597 | 20,769 | 92,961,895 | 76.24% | 69.03% |
| West | 39,865 | 33,074 | 30,006 | 89.17% | 18,479 | 14,717 | 58,776,433 | 73.17% | 65.24% |
| Alabama | 2,879 | 2,284 | 2,099 | 91.94% | 1,121 | 878 | 3,893,688 | 71.86% | 66.07% |
| Alaska | 2,226 | 1,719 | 1,583 | 92.02% | 1,057 | 868 | 555,964 | 77.75% | 71.55% |
| Arizona | 2,655 | 2,059 | 1,861 | 90.14% | 1,149 | 925 | 5,386,782 | 72.97% | 65.77% |
| Arkansas | 2,595 | 2,108 | 1,948 | 92.51% | 1,123 | 899 | 2,375,992 | 75.16% | 69.53% |
| California | 9,282 | 8,087 | 6,910 | 85.48% | 4,739 | 3,715 | 30,322,142 | 71.96% | 61.52% |
| Colorado | 2,529 | 2,084 | 1,912 | 92.20% | 1,117 | 904 | 4,151,930 | 79.29% | 73.11% |
| Connecticut | 2,474 | 2,158 | 1,812 | 83.73% | 1,151 | 926 | 2,951,217 | 75.17% | 62.94% |
| Delaware | 2,621 | 2,118 | 1,857 | 87.67% | 1,099 | 889 | 737,571 | 77.52% | 67.96% |
| District of Columbia | 5,113 | 4,192 | 3,403 | 79.88% | 1,110 | 935 | 517,942 | 81.34% | 64.97% |
| Florida | 13,206 | 9,961 | 8,891 | 89.01% | 4,460 | 3,655 | 15,611,774 | 77.37% | 68.87% |
| Georgia | 2,385 | 1,978 | 1,804 | 91.21% | 1,131 | 910 | 7,940,651 | 75.51% | 68.88% |
| Hawaii | 2,861 | 2,443 | 2,098 | 85.56% | 1,296 | 974 | 1,047,745 | 66.88% | 57.22% |
| Idaho | 2,624 | 2,046 | 1,932 | 94.43% | 1,113 | 912 | 1,250,238 | 78.24% | 73.88% |
| Illinois | 10,614 | 9,121 | 7,392 | 80.95% | 4,762 | 3,609 | 10,629,517 | 70.77% | 57.29% |
| Indiana | 2,743 | 2,281 | 2,104 | 91.97% | 1,142 | 916 | 5,286,018 | 73.88% | 67.95% |
| Iowa | 2,574 | 2,187 | 2,069 | 94.61% | 1,113 | 925 | 2,502,115 | 78.90% | 74.65% |
| Kansas | 2,340 | 1,988 | 1,824 | 91.75% | 1,101 | 885 | 2,296,286 | 74.78% | 68.61% |
| Kentucky | 2,583 | 2,147 | 1,991 | 92.73% | 1,109 | 900 | 3,574,784 | 76.88% | 71.29% |
| Louisiana | 2,605 | 2,092 | 1,955 | 93.42% | 1,112 | 906 | 3,661,821 | 77.97% | 72.84% |
| Maine | 3,327 | 2,404 | 2,197 | 90.98% | 1,100 | 924 | 1,127,285 | 80.65% | 73.37% |
| Maryland | 2,415 | 2,061 | 1,692 | 82.13% | 1,096 | 883 | 4,737,806 | 77.66% | 63.78% |
| Massachusetts | 3,116 | 2,716 | 2,365 | 87.32% | 1,149 | 930 | 5,605,641 | 78.23% | 68.31% |
| Michigan | 10,828 | 8,669 | 7,623 | 87.81% | 4,561 | 3,690 | 8,313,433 | 75.65% | 66.43% |
| Minnesota | 2,532 | 2,087 | 1,949 | 93.42% | 1,149 | 946 | 4,382,130 | 78.32% | 73.17% |
| Mississippi | 2,485 | 1,976 | 1,839 | 93.07% | 1,087 | 893 | 2,373,593 | 76.50% | 71.20% |
| Missouri | 2,642 | 2,170 | 2,031 | 93.58% | 1,142 | 921 | 4,952,896 | 75.89% | 71.01% |
| Montana | 2,713 | 2,255 | 2,128 | 94.34% | 1,137 | 919 | 820,115 | 76.91% | 72.56% |
| Nebraska | 2,336 | 1,996 | 1,883 | 94.30% | 1,120 | 906 | 1,469,129 | 73.19% | 69.02% |
| Nevada | 2,674 | 2,063 | 1,935 | 94.68% | 1,183 | 958 | 2,155,405 | 71.81% | 67.99% |
| New Hampshire | 3,232 | 2,558 | 2,219 | 86.80% | 1,160 | 918 | 1,128,997 | 74.48% | 64.65% |
| New Jersey | 2,382 | 2,061 | 1,831 | 88.85% | 1,157 | 923 | 7,269,834 | 78.46% | 69.72% |
| New Mexico | 2,610 | 2,078 | 1,959 | 94.26% | 1,117 | 912 | 1,641,892 | 77.09% | 72.66% |
| New York | 13,218 | 11,170 | 8,452 | 75.25% | 5,061 | 3,626 | 16,410,083 | 66.82% | 50.28% |
| North Carolina | 2,674 | 2,303 | 2,118 | 92.18% | 1,103 | 904 | 7,679,126 | 76.53% | 70.54% |
| North Dakota | 3,053 | 2,567 | 2,420 | 94.30% | 1,188 | 954 | 540,202 | 76.32% | 71.97% |
| Ohio | 10,268 | 8,717 | 7,947 | 91.17% | 4,633 | 3,731 | 9,580,362 | 74.81% | 68.20% |
| Oklahoma | 2,626 | 2,122 | 1,903 | 89.71% | 1,173 | 923 | 2,995,565 | 73.17% | 65.64% |
| Oregon | 2,603 | 2,293 | 2,146 | 93.61% | 1,134 | 907 | 3,229,211 | 74.87% | 70.09% |
| Pennsylvania | 10,193 | 8,715 | 6,952 | 79.79% | 3,853 | 2,985 | 10,607,311 | 73.24% | 58.44% |
| Rhode Island | 2,574 | 2,094 | 1,866 | 89.19% | 1,117 | 915 | 896,384 | 74.52% | 66.46% |
| South Carolina | 2,616 | 2,152 | 1,927 | 89.56% | 1,138 | 927 | 3,760,624 | 75.68% | 67.78% |
| South Dakota | 2,399 | 2,048 | 1,945 | 95.06% | 1,115 | 929 | 666,589 | 80.45% | 76.47% |
| Tennessee | 2,588 | 2,149 | 1,968 | 91.41% | 1,117 | 901 | 5,238,574 | 73.38% | 67.08% |
| Texas | 8,885 | 7,290 | 6,697 | 91.78% | 4,431 | 3,590 | 19,847,501 | 76.61% | 70.31% |
| Utah | 1,507 | 1,324 | 1,252 | 94.58% | 1,105 | 919 | 2,180,889 | 79.81% | 75.48% |
| Vermont | 2,904 | 2,157 | 1,951 | 90.39% | 1,034 | 870 | 538,568 | 82.45% | 74.53% |
| Virginia | 2,609 | 2,284 | 2,037 | 89.17% | 1,096 | 888 | 6,471,190 | 76.48% | 68.20% |
| Washington | 2,636 | 2,288 | 2,103 | 91.87% | 1,194 | 897 | 5,585,609 | 70.16% | 64.45% |
| West Virginia | 2,928 | 2,316 | 2,112 | 91.30% | 1,091 | 888 | 1,543,694 | 78.37% | 71.55% |
| Wisconsin | 2,438 | 2,061 | 1,931 | 93.62% | 1,113 | 889 | 4,726,785 | 76.78% | 71.88% |
| Wyoming | 2,945 | 2,335 | 2,187 | 93.74% | 1,138 | 907 | 448,513 | 73.07% | 68.50% |
| State | 12-17 Total Selected |
12-17 Total Responded |
12-17 Population Estimate |
12-17 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
18-25 Total Selected |
18-25 Total Responded |
18-25 Population Estimate |
18-25 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
26+ Total Selected |
26+ Total Responded |
26+ Population Estimate |
26+ Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 25,908 | 21,992 | 24,346,528 | 84.65% | 28,164 | 23,026 | 34,072,349 | 81.20% | 30,925 | 22,786 | 195,200,229 | 72.14% |
| Northeast | 4,966 | 4,105 | 4,234,758 | 81.31% | 5,612 | 4,412 | 6,045,018 | 77.44% | 6,204 | 4,500 | 36,255,544 | 71.05% |
| Midwest | 7,357 | 6,264 | 5,334,556 | 85.18% | 8,035 | 6,589 | 7,496,530 | 81.44% | 8,747 | 6,448 | 42,514,373 | 72.34% |
| South | 8,029 | 6,858 | 8,956,559 | 85.57% | 8,407 | 7,027 | 12,418,811 | 83.30% | 9,161 | 6,884 | 71,586,525 | 73.79% |
| West | 5,556 | 4,765 | 5,820,656 | 85.19% | 6,110 | 4,998 | 8,111,990 | 80.57% | 6,813 | 4,954 | 44,843,787 | 70.31% |
| Alabama | 369 | 307 | 374,067 | 82.98% | 345 | 286 | 520,974 | 81.37% | 407 | 285 | 2,998,646 | 68.80% |
| Alaska | 312 | 266 | 57,362 | 85.56% | 362 | 310 | 85,086 | 85.36% | 383 | 292 | 413,516 | 75.09% |
| Arizona | 333 | 292 | 538,540 | 87.31% | 428 | 351 | 701,269 | 79.13% | 388 | 282 | 4,146,973 | 70.30% |
| Arkansas | 334 | 284 | 232,460 | 84.94% | 362 | 296 | 305,518 | 82.20% | 427 | 319 | 1,838,015 | 72.68% |
| California | 1,526 | 1,303 | 3,086,730 | 84.79% | 1,416 | 1,151 | 4,268,110 | 80.94% | 1,797 | 1,261 | 22,967,302 | 68.62% |
| Colorado | 273 | 231 | 379,157 | 82.92% | 424 | 345 | 566,389 | 81.41% | 420 | 328 | 3,206,384 | 78.51% |
| Connecticut | 331 | 288 | 281,757 | 88.09% | 400 | 326 | 381,359 | 81.42% | 420 | 312 | 2,288,101 | 72.46% |
| Delaware | 319 | 268 | 67,234 | 83.34% | 340 | 288 | 93,677 | 85.05% | 440 | 333 | 576,660 | 75.64% |
| District of Columbia | 356 | 324 | 34,240 | 91.90% | 384 | 320 | 84,993 | 82.39% | 370 | 291 | 398,709 | 80.13% |
| Florida | 1,424 | 1,215 | 1,329,956 | 85.86% | 1,419 | 1,212 | 1,870,501 | 85.10% | 1,617 | 1,228 | 12,411,317 | 75.23% |
| Georgia | 371 | 313 | 818,462 | 84.43% | 355 | 301 | 1,076,087 | 84.73% | 405 | 296 | 6,046,102 | 72.53% |
| Hawaii | 400 | 338 | 89,846 | 83.34% | 439 | 335 | 130,340 | 78.06% | 457 | 301 | 827,559 | 63.29% |
| Idaho | 353 | 294 | 130,819 | 83.21% | 356 | 305 | 177,534 | 85.11% | 404 | 313 | 941,886 | 76.19% |
| Illinois | 1,357 | 1,122 | 1,049,679 | 82.64% | 1,615 | 1,232 | 1,453,014 | 76.32% | 1,790 | 1,255 | 8,126,824 | 68.31% |
| Indiana | 389 | 341 | 523,789 | 88.17% | 343 | 280 | 719,041 | 81.57% | 410 | 295 | 4,043,187 | 70.81% |
| Iowa | 336 | 287 | 234,049 | 85.14% | 385 | 321 | 359,379 | 81.94% | 392 | 317 | 1,908,687 | 77.57% |
| Kansas | 331 | 296 | 225,398 | 89.33% | 357 | 285 | 338,453 | 81.23% | 413 | 304 | 1,732,436 | 71.72% |
| Kentucky | 352 | 299 | 333,232 | 85.21% | 370 | 304 | 461,899 | 82.16% | 387 | 297 | 2,779,654 | 75.08% |
| Louisiana | 382 | 328 | 365,624 | 86.45% | 345 | 285 | 526,082 | 82.60% | 385 | 293 | 2,770,114 | 75.99% |
| Maine | 325 | 284 | 94,501 | 87.86% | 356 | 302 | 130,971 | 85.20% | 419 | 338 | 901,813 | 79.28% |
| Maryland | 315 | 268 | 448,006 | 86.14% | 367 | 300 | 613,529 | 79.93% | 414 | 315 | 3,676,271 | 76.21% |
| Massachusetts | 360 | 296 | 491,663 | 80.42% | 392 | 324 | 761,003 | 81.71% | 397 | 310 | 4,352,974 | 77.40% |
| Michigan | 1,432 | 1,212 | 814,296 | 84.10% | 1,453 | 1,220 | 1,105,211 | 84.44% | 1,676 | 1,258 | 6,393,926 | 73.01% |
| Minnesota | 337 | 296 | 409,292 | 87.51% | 410 | 340 | 590,704 | 82.82% | 402 | 310 | 3,382,134 | 76.41% |
| Mississippi | 333 | 290 | 247,423 | 87.78% | 368 | 316 | 340,138 | 85.71% | 386 | 287 | 1,786,033 | 73.21% |
| Missouri | 341 | 288 | 472,583 | 85.51% | 386 | 320 | 656,859 | 82.72% | 415 | 313 | 3,823,454 | 73.55% |
| Montana | 348 | 302 | 72,261 | 86.91% | 343 | 280 | 114,819 | 81.70% | 446 | 337 | 633,035 | 75.07% |
| Nebraska | 335 | 300 | 141,249 | 88.32% | 372 | 306 | 218,880 | 82.98% | 413 | 300 | 1,108,999 | 69.37% |
| Nevada | 298 | 264 | 210,434 | 90.50% | 405 | 339 | 263,872 | 83.13% | 480 | 355 | 1,681,099 | 67.89% |
| New Hampshire | 300 | 250 | 101,483 | 84.76% | 467 | 387 | 145,527 | 82.81% | 393 | 281 | 881,988 | 71.74% |
| New Jersey | 387 | 324 | 692,595 | 83.33% | 334 | 264 | 865,591 | 81.47% | 436 | 335 | 5,711,649 | 77.39% |
| New Mexico | 364 | 327 | 161,227 | 89.38% | 370 | 303 | 226,963 | 83.54% | 383 | 282 | 1,253,702 | 74.21% |
| New York | 1,457 | 1,141 | 1,498,050 | 77.55% | 1,709 | 1,234 | 2,188,721 | 71.54% | 1,895 | 1,251 | 12,723,312 | 64.80% |
| North Carolina | 346 | 311 | 719,819 | 89.83% | 375 | 304 | 1,014,496 | 82.27% | 382 | 289 | 5,944,811 | 73.67% |
| North Dakota | 357 | 300 | 46,378 | 83.63% | 393 | 340 | 96,560 | 86.92% | 438 | 314 | 397,264 | 72.96% |
| Ohio | 1,395 | 1,191 | 918,549 | 85.27% | 1,634 | 1,371 | 1,210,150 | 83.56% | 1,604 | 1,169 | 7,451,663 | 72.00% |
| Oklahoma | 394 | 337 | 291,436 | 84.66% | 355 | 278 | 425,691 | 76.96% | 424 | 308 | 2,278,438 | 71.09% |
| Oregon | 376 | 318 | 285,470 | 83.17% | 361 | 296 | 412,163 | 82.85% | 397 | 293 | 2,531,579 | 72.45% |
| Pennsylvania | 1,165 | 955 | 951,061 | 82.17% | 1,203 | 946 | 1,365,550 | 78.58% | 1,485 | 1,084 | 8,290,700 | 71.31% |
| Rhode Island | 322 | 292 | 79,082 | 90.34% | 418 | 350 | 129,842 | 83.67% | 377 | 273 | 687,461 | 70.69% |
| South Carolina | 351 | 292 | 349,533 | 83.84% | 376 | 325 | 487,235 | 85.47% | 411 | 310 | 2,923,856 | 73.12% |
| South Dakota | 365 | 309 | 62,886 | 85.00% | 338 | 296 | 96,018 | 88.02% | 412 | 324 | 507,684 | 78.44% |
| Tennessee | 370 | 319 | 489,539 | 86.92% | 364 | 302 | 664,620 | 83.99% | 383 | 280 | 4,084,416 | 69.67% |
| Texas | 1,329 | 1,125 | 2,131,714 | 84.76% | 1,532 | 1,288 | 2,858,101 | 83.62% | 1,570 | 1,177 | 14,857,686 | 74.07% |
| Utah | 283 | 250 | 255,595 | 88.81% | 420 | 357 | 381,486 | 85.32% | 402 | 312 | 1,543,809 | 77.17% |
| Vermont | 319 | 275 | 44,568 | 87.55% | 333 | 279 | 76,455 | 82.92% | 382 | 316 | 417,546 | 81.80% |
| Virginia | 349 | 295 | 594,024 | 85.00% | 360 | 301 | 884,909 | 83.26% | 387 | 292 | 4,992,257 | 74.20% |
| Washington | 365 | 301 | 512,686 | 83.53% | 377 | 280 | 719,040 | 71.68% | 452 | 316 | 4,353,883 | 68.27% |
| West Virginia | 335 | 283 | 129,792 | 83.49% | 390 | 321 | 190,362 | 81.95% | 366 | 284 | 1,223,540 | 77.18% |
| Wisconsin | 382 | 322 | 436,408 | 84.04% | 349 | 278 | 652,261 | 78.40% | 382 | 289 | 3,638,115 | 75.54% |
| Wyoming | 325 | 279 | 40,531 | 85.48% | 409 | 346 | 64,920 | 83.34% | 404 | 282 | 343,061 | 69.61% |
| State | Total Selected DUs |
Total Eligible DUs |
Total Completed Screeners |
Weighted DU Screening Response Rate |
Total Selected |
Total Responded |
Population Estimate |
Weighted Interview Response Rate |
Weighted Overall Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DU = dwelling unit. NOTE: The 2008-2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: To compute the pooled 2008-2009 weighted response rates, two samples were combined, and the individual year weights were used for the pooled sample. Thus, the response rates presented here are weighted across 2 years of data rather than being a simple average of the 2008 and 2009 individual response rates. The 2008-2009 population estimate is the average of the 2008 and the 2009 population. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008 and 2009 (Revised March 2012). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 389,947 | 321,491 | 285,092 | 88.51% | 170,496 | 135,935 | 250,815,311 | 74.90% | 66.29% |
| Northeast | 83,285 | 69,138 | 57,522 | 82.32% | 33,613 | 26,053 | 46,242,070 | 72.30% | 59.51% |
| Midwest | 105,917 | 89,260 | 80,337 | 90.24% | 48,210 | 38,447 | 55,062,184 | 75.45% | 68.09% |
| South | 120,457 | 96,943 | 87,807 | 91.17% | 51,059 | 41,665 | 91,505,911 | 76.87% | 70.08% |
| West | 80,288 | 66,150 | 59,426 | 87.61% | 37,614 | 29,770 | 58,005,146 | 73.38% | 64.29% |
| Alabama | 5,777 | 4,615 | 4,268 | 92.54% | 2,347 | 1,873 | 3,859,705 | 75.28% | 69.66% |
| Alaska | 4,931 | 3,531 | 3,228 | 91.41% | 2,257 | 1,810 | 547,587 | 77.90% | 71.21% |
| Arizona | 5,622 | 4,121 | 3,598 | 85.29% | 2,241 | 1,824 | 5,275,070 | 78.21% | 66.71% |
| Arkansas | 5,273 | 4,234 | 3,965 | 93.56% | 2,255 | 1,847 | 2,345,520 | 77.28% | 72.30% |
| California | 18,062 | 15,840 | 13,342 | 84.22% | 9,770 | 7,490 | 30,046,187 | 70.76% | 59.59% |
| Colorado | 5,690 | 4,638 | 4,237 | 91.46% | 2,390 | 1,933 | 4,065,853 | 76.73% | 70.18% |
| Connecticut | 5,075 | 4,487 | 3,963 | 88.18% | 2,309 | 1,853 | 2,928,377 | 75.74% | 66.79% |
| Delaware | 5,142 | 4,258 | 3,720 | 87.47% | 2,295 | 1,863 | 726,731 | 75.98% | 66.46% |
| District of Columbia | 8,392 | 6,818 | 5,571 | 81.33% | 2,120 | 1,786 | 507,941 | 81.22% | 66.05% |
| Florida | 22,446 | 17,207 | 15,744 | 91.37% | 8,795 | 7,238 | 15,414,360 | 76.63% | 70.02% |
| Georgia | 4,905 | 3,890 | 3,552 | 91.19% | 2,171 | 1,784 | 7,800,190 | 76.11% | 69.41% |
| Hawaii | 6,256 | 5,091 | 4,192 | 80.76% | 2,598 | 1,857 | 1,052,476 | 66.03% | 53.33% |
| Idaho | 4,645 | 3,708 | 3,513 | 94.74% | 2,266 | 1,858 | 1,227,667 | 77.66% | 73.58% |
| Illinois | 20,650 | 17,994 | 14,447 | 80.27% | 9,831 | 7,398 | 10,595,404 | 70.19% | 56.34% |
| Indiana | 5,033 | 4,173 | 3,902 | 93.43% | 2,266 | 1,818 | 5,243,659 | 78.52% | 73.36% |
| Iowa | 5,037 | 4,357 | 4,053 | 93.06% | 2,251 | 1,869 | 2,485,386 | 81.30% | 75.66% |
| Kansas | 4,527 | 3,917 | 3,652 | 93.24% | 2,232 | 1,793 | 2,274,693 | 76.49% | 71.32% |
| Kentucky | 5,055 | 4,109 | 3,868 | 94.14% | 2,215 | 1,796 | 3,537,314 | 75.04% | 70.64% |
| Louisiana | 5,029 | 3,945 | 3,710 | 94.10% | 2,225 | 1,804 | 3,610,872 | 78.84% | 74.19% |
| Maine | 6,421 | 4,713 | 4,346 | 92.25% | 2,234 | 1,879 | 1,127,608 | 79.87% | 73.68% |
| Maryland | 4,757 | 4,122 | 3,314 | 80.14% | 2,089 | 1,680 | 4,683,163 | 76.30% | 61.15% |
| Massachusetts | 5,839 | 4,972 | 4,293 | 86.38% | 2,351 | 1,866 | 5,520,135 | 75.20% | 64.96% |
| Michigan | 20,606 | 16,525 | 14,644 | 88.62% | 9,117 | 7,314 | 8,332,483 | 76.02% | 67.37% |
| Minnesota | 4,572 | 3,902 | 3,659 | 93.78% | 2,205 | 1,806 | 4,339,670 | 78.27% | 73.40% |
| Mississippi | 4,193 | 3,296 | 3,114 | 94.49% | 2,164 | 1,774 | 2,362,086 | 77.84% | 73.55% |
| Missouri | 5,142 | 4,263 | 3,978 | 93.34% | 2,243 | 1,803 | 4,895,621 | 75.91% | 70.86% |
| Montana | 5,382 | 4,488 | 4,237 | 94.35% | 2,258 | 1,828 | 811,291 | 76.50% | 72.17% |
| Nebraska | 4,590 | 3,855 | 3,635 | 94.30% | 2,230 | 1,799 | 1,454,336 | 77.73% | 73.30% |
| Nevada | 5,383 | 4,319 | 4,062 | 94.22% | 2,273 | 1,817 | 2,129,715 | 73.16% | 68.94% |
| New Hampshire | 5,371 | 4,261 | 3,765 | 88.32% | 2,303 | 1,848 | 1,120,302 | 76.83% | 67.86% |
| New Jersey | 5,074 | 4,326 | 3,820 | 88.43% | 2,419 | 1,880 | 7,233,440 | 72.73% | 64.32% |
| New Mexico | 5,139 | 3,978 | 3,751 | 94.28% | 2,188 | 1,794 | 1,622,253 | 78.31% | 73.83% |
| New York | 24,729 | 20,667 | 15,982 | 77.31% | 9,949 | 7,277 | 16,372,612 | 68.77% | 53.17% |
| North Carolina | 4,950 | 4,129 | 3,793 | 91.98% | 2,196 | 1,819 | 7,554,378 | 78.81% | 72.50% |
| North Dakota | 5,737 | 4,720 | 4,448 | 94.27% | 2,291 | 1,861 | 532,376 | 77.76% | 73.31% |
| Ohio | 20,173 | 17,213 | 16,086 | 93.40% | 9,033 | 7,277 | 9,554,184 | 74.43% | 69.52% |
| Oklahoma | 4,840 | 3,917 | 3,566 | 91.14% | 2,241 | 1,805 | 2,956,314 | 76.81% | 70.01% |
| Oregon | 5,558 | 4,732 | 4,354 | 92.13% | 2,412 | 1,958 | 3,186,635 | 75.86% | 69.89% |
| Pennsylvania | 19,738 | 16,966 | 13,440 | 79.21% | 7,606 | 5,845 | 10,515,939 | 72.82% | 57.68% |
| Rhode Island | 5,432 | 4,540 | 4,027 | 88.68% | 2,235 | 1,794 | 888,190 | 77.08% | 68.35% |
| South Carolina | 5,903 | 4,529 | 4,122 | 90.62% | 2,266 | 1,892 | 3,698,620 | 79.29% | 71.85% |
| South Dakota | 4,714 | 3,937 | 3,763 | 95.61% | 2,231 | 1,883 | 656,513 | 79.72% | 76.22% |
| Tennessee | 5,441 | 4,443 | 4,120 | 92.65% | 2,353 | 1,886 | 5,166,409 | 74.40% | 68.93% |
| Texas | 16,774 | 13,860 | 12,806 | 92.46% | 8,755 | 7,152 | 19,374,406 | 77.24% | 71.41% |
| Utah | 3,269 | 2,897 | 2,746 | 94.82% | 2,256 | 1,879 | 2,128,752 | 79.32% | 75.21% |
| Vermont | 5,606 | 4,206 | 3,886 | 92.42% | 2,207 | 1,811 | 535,469 | 77.24% | 71.38% |
| Virginia | 5,091 | 4,313 | 3,802 | 88.10% | 2,277 | 1,844 | 6,369,490 | 76.49% | 67.39% |
| Washington | 5,117 | 4,495 | 4,126 | 91.79% | 2,355 | 1,856 | 5,470,298 | 75.24% | 69.06% |
| West Virginia | 6,489 | 5,258 | 4,772 | 90.66% | 2,295 | 1,822 | 1,538,413 | 75.03% | 68.03% |
| Wisconsin | 5,136 | 4,404 | 4,070 | 92.35% | 2,280 | 1,826 | 4,697,857 | 76.78% | 70.91% |
| Wyoming | 5,234 | 4,312 | 4,040 | 93.73% | 2,350 | 1,866 | 441,363 | 75.50% | 70.77% |
| State | 12-17 Total Selected |
12-17 Total Responded |
12-17 Population Estimate |
12-17 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
18-25 Total Selected |
18-25 Total Responded |
18-25 Population Estimate |
18-25 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
26+ Total Selected |
26+ Total Responded |
26+ Population Estimate |
26+ Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: The 2008-2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. NOTE: To compute the pooled 2008-2009 weighted response rates, two samples were combined, and the individual year weights were used for the pooled sample. Thus, the response rates presented here are weighted across 2 years of data rather than being a simple average of the 2008 and 2009 individual response rates. The 2008-2009 population estimate is the average of the 2008 and the 2009 population. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008 and 2009 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 52,385 | 44,677 | 24,750,657 | 85.05% | 56,951 | 46,070 | 33,259,086 | 80.94% | 61,160 | 45,188 | 192,805,569 | 72.52% |
| Northeast | 10,194 | 8,546 | 4,340,126 | 82.60% | 11,246 | 8,790 | 6,053,636 | 77.48% | 12,173 | 8,717 | 35,848,309 | 70.16% |
| Midwest | 14,890 | 12,703 | 5,459,564 | 85.03% | 16,020 | 12,916 | 7,306,733 | 80.03% | 17,300 | 12,828 | 42,295,888 | 73.40% |
| South | 15,701 | 13,568 | 9,029,633 | 86.59% | 17,190 | 14,323 | 11,893,918 | 83.74% | 18,168 | 13,774 | 70,582,359 | 74.42% |
| West | 11,600 | 9,860 | 5,921,334 | 84.50% | 12,495 | 10,041 | 8,004,799 | 80.23% | 13,519 | 9,869 | 44,079,013 | 70.62% |
| Alabama | 730 | 618 | 379,377 | 85.40% | 755 | 622 | 505,718 | 82.51% | 862 | 633 | 2,974,610 | 72.76% |
| Alaska | 718 | 602 | 60,678 | 83.59% | 737 | 599 | 77,131 | 83.11% | 802 | 609 | 409,778 | 76.06% |
| Arizona | 695 | 607 | 538,865 | 87.17% | 784 | 637 | 686,141 | 80.67% | 762 | 580 | 4,050,064 | 76.55% |
| Arkansas | 702 | 630 | 231,516 | 90.22% | 774 | 630 | 295,741 | 83.49% | 779 | 587 | 1,818,264 | 74.55% |
| California | 2,850 | 2,392 | 3,147,890 | 83.21% | 3,315 | 2,612 | 4,329,856 | 79.39% | 3,605 | 2,486 | 22,568,441 | 67.38% |
| Colorado | 802 | 706 | 384,709 | 87.27% | 778 | 615 | 527,605 | 80.34% | 810 | 612 | 3,153,539 | 74.52% |
| Connecticut | 673 | 578 | 287,870 | 87.35% | 824 | 671 | 363,648 | 80.97% | 812 | 604 | 2,276,860 | 73.61% |
| Delaware | 709 | 600 | 68,911 | 84.77% | 856 | 704 | 93,807 | 82.39% | 730 | 559 | 564,013 | 73.67% |
| District of Columbia | 588 | 523 | 35,726 | 89.49% | 800 | 680 | 86,607 | 84.80% | 732 | 583 | 385,608 | 79.62% |
| Florida | 2,695 | 2,323 | 1,348,640 | 85.95% | 2,937 | 2,504 | 1,804,515 | 84.62% | 3,163 | 2,411 | 12,261,205 | 74.40% |
| Georgia | 708 | 619 | 822,696 | 87.79% | 677 | 577 | 1,013,813 | 84.51% | 786 | 588 | 5,963,681 | 72.94% |
| Hawaii | 751 | 587 | 93,198 | 77.51% | 828 | 602 | 131,005 | 71.50% | 1,019 | 668 | 828,273 | 63.93% |
| Idaho | 687 | 598 | 132,962 | 87.60% | 711 | 606 | 164,370 | 84.94% | 868 | 654 | 930,335 | 75.20% |
| Illinois | 2,921 | 2,412 | 1,065,750 | 82.73% | 3,244 | 2,459 | 1,461,607 | 75.30% | 3,666 | 2,527 | 8,068,047 | 67.62% |
| Indiana | 721 | 609 | 529,845 | 85.72% | 726 | 576 | 679,069 | 79.73% | 819 | 633 | 4,034,745 | 77.35% |
| Iowa | 690 | 602 | 240,105 | 87.93% | 748 | 612 | 339,894 | 82.15% | 813 | 655 | 1,905,387 | 80.37% |
| Kansas | 651 | 562 | 229,136 | 86.11% | 810 | 639 | 321,796 | 79.19% | 771 | 592 | 1,723,761 | 74.70% |
| Kentucky | 668 | 581 | 336,896 | 86.79% | 755 | 627 | 428,585 | 81.76% | 792 | 588 | 2,771,834 | 72.59% |
| Louisiana | 666 | 560 | 370,950 | 83.57% | 727 | 609 | 523,818 | 84.20% | 832 | 635 | 2,716,104 | 77.11% |
| Maine | 700 | 623 | 99,629 | 88.75% | 766 | 648 | 125,205 | 84.36% | 768 | 608 | 902,774 | 78.26% |
| Maryland | 658 | 564 | 459,954 | 86.09% | 692 | 564 | 611,079 | 83.48% | 739 | 552 | 3,612,130 | 73.52% |
| Massachusetts | 703 | 589 | 498,720 | 83.77% | 793 | 643 | 758,227 | 81.36% | 855 | 634 | 4,263,188 | 73.17% |
| Michigan | 2,844 | 2,435 | 842,712 | 85.26% | 3,061 | 2,499 | 1,086,902 | 81.38% | 3,212 | 2,380 | 6,402,870 | 73.83% |
| Minnesota | 698 | 608 | 421,196 | 86.79% | 756 | 610 | 574,322 | 80.44% | 751 | 588 | 3,344,152 | 76.76% |
| Mississippi | 630 | 544 | 252,527 | 86.81% | 725 | 614 | 331,040 | 84.88% | 809 | 616 | 1,778,519 | 75.48% |
| Missouri | 732 | 621 | 482,442 | 83.69% | 712 | 578 | 626,322 | 79.87% | 799 | 604 | 3,786,858 | 74.14% |
| Montana | 733 | 613 | 76,196 | 84.40% | 774 | 646 | 105,444 | 83.64% | 751 | 569 | 629,651 | 74.29% |
| Nebraska | 684 | 589 | 144,863 | 86.92% | 733 | 595 | 208,854 | 80.23% | 813 | 615 | 1,100,620 | 76.03% |
| Nevada | 730 | 632 | 214,026 | 86.83% | 773 | 636 | 246,764 | 83.45% | 770 | 549 | 1,668,924 | 69.86% |
| New Hampshire | 723 | 612 | 106,508 | 84.78% | 717 | 583 | 133,724 | 81.75% | 863 | 653 | 880,070 | 75.24% |
| New Jersey | 735 | 606 | 702,953 | 81.36% | 896 | 711 | 871,610 | 78.88% | 788 | 563 | 5,658,877 | 70.63% |
| New Mexico | 662 | 586 | 163,513 | 88.33% | 714 | 585 | 227,941 | 82.94% | 812 | 623 | 1,230,799 | 76.20% |
| New York | 2,878 | 2,358 | 1,535,172 | 80.98% | 3,393 | 2,462 | 2,262,614 | 73.21% | 3,678 | 2,457 | 12,574,826 | 66.44% |
| North Carolina | 684 | 603 | 727,969 | 88.27% | 728 | 614 | 947,518 | 85.18% | 784 | 602 | 5,878,891 | 76.53% |
| North Dakota | 716 | 621 | 48,559 | 86.50% | 748 | 610 | 88,745 | 81.90% | 827 | 630 | 395,073 | 75.77% |
| Ohio | 2,891 | 2,473 | 939,669 | 85.33% | 2,905 | 2,420 | 1,213,022 | 83.30% | 3,237 | 2,384 | 7,401,492 | 71.55% |
| Oklahoma | 689 | 585 | 293,240 | 85.06% | 746 | 598 | 409,494 | 80.65% | 806 | 622 | 2,253,581 | 75.03% |
| Oregon | 788 | 648 | 292,301 | 82.08% | 784 | 671 | 386,957 | 85.47% | 840 | 639 | 2,507,377 | 73.53% |
| Pennsylvania | 2,394 | 1,972 | 980,441 | 82.54% | 2,404 | 1,890 | 1,342,616 | 78.96% | 2,808 | 1,983 | 8,192,882 | 70.63% |
| Rhode Island | 701 | 616 | 81,128 | 88.42% | 720 | 564 | 127,468 | 78.97% | 814 | 614 | 679,594 | 75.29% |
| South Carolina | 756 | 653 | 356,186 | 86.08% | 746 | 635 | 469,765 | 84.78% | 764 | 604 | 2,872,669 | 77.49% |
| South Dakota | 647 | 581 | 64,983 | 89.29% | 784 | 680 | 90,798 | 86.51% | 800 | 622 | 500,732 | 77.36% |
| Tennessee | 710 | 614 | 494,043 | 86.40% | 781 | 646 | 622,376 | 82.60% | 862 | 626 | 4,049,989 | 71.52% |
| Texas | 2,660 | 2,317 | 2,113,980 | 87.19% | 2,914 | 2,428 | 2,737,418 | 83.77% | 3,181 | 2,407 | 14,523,007 | 74.54% |
| Utah | 735 | 655 | 252,460 | 88.21% | 699 | 571 | 376,060 | 81.12% | 822 | 653 | 1,500,232 | 77.51% |
| Vermont | 687 | 592 | 47,705 | 85.92% | 733 | 618 | 68,523 | 84.23% | 787 | 601 | 419,240 | 75.14% |
| Virginia | 708 | 604 | 604,833 | 85.01% | 805 | 662 | 835,958 | 83.27% | 764 | 578 | 4,928,699 | 74.24% |
| Washington | 753 | 640 | 522,369 | 85.55% | 780 | 616 | 685,351 | 79.28% | 822 | 600 | 4,262,578 | 73.34% |
| West Virginia | 740 | 630 | 132,189 | 85.99% | 772 | 609 | 176,668 | 78.37% | 783 | 583 | 1,229,556 | 73.30% |
| Wisconsin | 695 | 590 | 450,304 | 84.98% | 793 | 638 | 615,402 | 80.41% | 792 | 598 | 3,632,151 | 75.11% |
| Wyoming | 696 | 594 | 42,168 | 84.39% | 818 | 645 | 60,175 | 78.67% | 836 | 627 | 339,021 | 73.82% |
| State | Total Selected DUs |
Total Eligible DUs |
Total Completed Screeners |
Weighted DU Screening Response Rate |
Total Selected |
Total Responded |
Population Estimate |
Weighted Interview Response Rate |
Weighted Overall Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DU = dwelling unit. NOTE: To compute the pooled 2009-2010 weighted response rates, two samples were combined, and the individual year weights were used for the pooled sample. Thus, the response rates presented here are weighted across 2 years of data rather than being a simple average of the 2009 and 2010 individual response rates. The 2009-2010 population estimate is the average of the 2009 and the 2010 population. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 396,997 | 327,909 | 289,943 | 88.41% | 169,782 | 135,811 | 252,717,320 | 75.06% | 66.36% |
| Northeast | 85,617 | 71,045 | 58,623 | 81.77% | 33,689 | 26,147 | 46,460,466 | 72.81% | 59.54% |
| Midwest | 107,890 | 90,662 | 81,478 | 90.10% | 47,966 | 38,434 | 55,256,321 | 75.39% | 67.92% |
| South | 124,711 | 100,677 | 90,824 | 90.92% | 51,109 | 41,694 | 92,505,378 | 76.80% | 69.83% |
| West | 78,779 | 65,525 | 59,018 | 88.16% | 37,018 | 29,536 | 58,495,154 | 73.83% | 65.08% |
| Alabama | 5,710 | 4,570 | 4,227 | 92.46% | 2,295 | 1,822 | 3,884,861 | 75.20% | 69.53% |
| Alaska | 4,529 | 3,487 | 3,214 | 92.05% | 2,167 | 1,770 | 554,985 | 78.55% | 72.31% |
| Arizona | 5,378 | 4,109 | 3,639 | 86.23% | 2,259 | 1,841 | 5,348,799 | 76.07% | 65.60% |
| Arkansas | 5,169 | 4,212 | 3,913 | 92.90% | 2,256 | 1,813 | 2,367,178 | 76.23% | 70.82% |
| California | 18,216 | 15,848 | 13,409 | 84.68% | 9,473 | 7,375 | 30,200,952 | 71.90% | 60.88% |
| Colorado | 5,256 | 4,356 | 4,000 | 92.16% | 2,312 | 1,888 | 4,124,003 | 78.41% | 72.27% |
| Connecticut | 4,805 | 4,219 | 3,617 | 85.61% | 2,298 | 1,841 | 2,944,171 | 75.81% | 64.90% |
| Delaware | 5,216 | 4,253 | 3,719 | 87.48% | 2,228 | 1,809 | 734,670 | 75.59% | 66.13% |
| District of Columbia | 9,435 | 7,703 | 6,254 | 80.24% | 2,152 | 1,821 | 514,116 | 82.50% | 66.19% |
| Florida | 24,594 | 18,682 | 16,931 | 90.42% | 8,867 | 7,303 | 15,548,303 | 77.05% | 69.67% |
| Georgia | 4,680 | 3,842 | 3,520 | 91.50% | 2,213 | 1,817 | 7,893,753 | 76.92% | 70.38% |
| Hawaii | 6,070 | 5,161 | 4,252 | 81.28% | 2,617 | 1,934 | 1,049,989 | 66.94% | 54.41% |
| Idaho | 4,876 | 3,811 | 3,603 | 94.55% | 2,232 | 1,828 | 1,242,898 | 77.67% | 73.44% |
| Illinois | 20,722 | 17,902 | 14,489 | 80.88% | 9,548 | 7,264 | 10,610,876 | 71.24% | 57.62% |
| Indiana | 5,462 | 4,507 | 4,191 | 92.80% | 2,261 | 1,820 | 5,273,705 | 76.51% | 71.00% |
| Iowa | 5,141 | 4,390 | 4,118 | 93.87% | 2,212 | 1,849 | 2,494,295 | 80.38% | 75.46% |
| Kansas | 4,704 | 4,041 | 3,730 | 92.28% | 2,233 | 1,794 | 2,288,038 | 75.43% | 69.60% |
| Kentucky | 4,994 | 4,093 | 3,819 | 93.34% | 2,227 | 1,812 | 3,562,425 | 76.76% | 71.64% |
| Louisiana | 5,220 | 4,217 | 3,948 | 93.67% | 2,255 | 1,829 | 3,650,936 | 78.43% | 73.47% |
| Maine | 6,536 | 4,743 | 4,347 | 91.50% | 2,232 | 1,888 | 1,128,113 | 81.63% | 74.69% |
| Maryland | 4,646 | 3,966 | 3,236 | 81.58% | 2,098 | 1,719 | 4,721,886 | 78.64% | 64.15% |
| Massachusetts | 6,393 | 5,529 | 4,750 | 86.07% | 2,388 | 1,899 | 5,584,646 | 76.02% | 65.42% |
| Michigan | 21,188 | 16,972 | 14,968 | 88.12% | 9,091 | 7,329 | 8,318,631 | 76.25% | 67.20% |
| Minnesota | 4,866 | 4,071 | 3,803 | 93.44% | 2,281 | 1,871 | 4,369,150 | 78.00% | 72.88% |
| Mississippi | 4,569 | 3,595 | 3,366 | 93.67% | 2,177 | 1,784 | 2,369,559 | 77.09% | 72.21% |
| Missouri | 5,171 | 4,247 | 3,964 | 93.34% | 2,254 | 1,810 | 4,939,693 | 75.72% | 70.67% |
| Montana | 5,226 | 4,403 | 4,154 | 94.27% | 2,256 | 1,828 | 817,248 | 76.46% | 72.08% |
| Nebraska | 4,610 | 3,936 | 3,713 | 94.32% | 2,245 | 1,817 | 1,463,255 | 75.92% | 71.61% |
| Nevada | 5,279 | 4,126 | 3,876 | 94.53% | 2,332 | 1,888 | 2,149,864 | 72.06% | 68.11% |
| New Hampshire | 6,018 | 4,813 | 4,223 | 87.84% | 2,350 | 1,862 | 1,127,079 | 74.47% | 65.41% |
| New Jersey | 4,699 | 4,051 | 3,597 | 88.82% | 2,329 | 1,829 | 7,255,812 | 75.41% | 66.99% |
| New Mexico | 5,158 | 4,110 | 3,875 | 94.26% | 2,232 | 1,830 | 1,635,195 | 77.18% | 72.75% |
| New York | 26,232 | 21,952 | 16,741 | 75.99% | 10,082 | 7,333 | 16,395,090 | 68.69% | 52.20% |
| North Carolina | 5,191 | 4,393 | 4,037 | 92.05% | 2,215 | 1,833 | 7,645,726 | 78.04% | 71.83% |
| North Dakota | 5,972 | 4,994 | 4,710 | 94.32% | 2,337 | 1,883 | 537,282 | 76.49% | 72.15% |
| Ohio | 20,068 | 17,122 | 15,794 | 92.21% | 9,025 | 7,316 | 9,581,162 | 74.86% | 69.03% |
| Oklahoma | 5,274 | 4,264 | 3,867 | 90.79% | 2,297 | 1,831 | 2,983,240 | 73.81% | 67.01% |
| Oregon | 5,405 | 4,672 | 4,330 | 92.80% | 2,304 | 1,854 | 3,214,493 | 77.46% | 71.88% |
| Pennsylvania | 19,898 | 17,082 | 13,562 | 79.45% | 7,648 | 5,900 | 10,595,438 | 73.08% | 58.06% |
| Rhode Island | 5,353 | 4,437 | 3,927 | 88.51% | 2,272 | 1,828 | 892,872 | 75.54% | 66.85% |
| South Carolina | 5,713 | 4,514 | 4,072 | 89.88% | 2,291 | 1,881 | 3,745,403 | 75.94% | 68.25% |
| South Dakota | 4,816 | 4,078 | 3,887 | 95.36% | 2,203 | 1,849 | 662,841 | 80.79% | 77.04% |
| Tennessee | 5,611 | 4,614 | 4,266 | 92.24% | 2,289 | 1,850 | 5,217,297 | 73.41% | 67.72% |
| Texas | 17,537 | 14,468 | 13,288 | 91.84% | 8,819 | 7,186 | 19,683,472 | 77.13% | 70.84% |
| Utah | 3,046 | 2,700 | 2,558 | 94.73% | 2,206 | 1,837 | 2,162,531 | 80.09% | 75.87% |
| Vermont | 5,683 | 4,219 | 3,859 | 91.46% | 2,090 | 1,767 | 537,245 | 80.87% | 73.96% |
| Virginia | 5,108 | 4,455 | 3,961 | 88.89% | 2,221 | 1,806 | 6,440,709 | 76.78% | 68.24% |
| Washington | 4,995 | 4,386 | 4,016 | 91.51% | 2,352 | 1,833 | 5,547,471 | 73.61% | 67.35% |
| West Virginia | 6,044 | 4,836 | 4,400 | 91.05% | 2,209 | 1,778 | 1,541,846 | 76.08% | 69.27% |
| Wisconsin | 5,170 | 4,402 | 4,111 | 93.41% | 2,276 | 1,832 | 4,717,394 | 76.72% | 71.66% |
| Wyoming | 5,345 | 4,356 | 4,092 | 94.00% | 2,276 | 1,830 | 446,727 | 75.87% | 71.31% |
| State | 12-17 Total Selected |
12-17 Total Responded |
12-17 Population Estimate |
12-17 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
18-25 Total Selected |
18-25 Total Responded |
18-25 Population Estimate |
18-25 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
26+ Total Selected |
26+ Total Responded |
26+ Population Estimate |
26+ Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. NOTE: To compute the pooled 2009-2010 weighted response rates, two samples were combined, and the individual year weights were used for the pooled sample. Thus, the response rates presented here are weighted across 2 years of data rather than being a simple average of the 2009 and 2010 individual response rates. The 2009-2010 population estimate is the average of the 2009 and the 2010 population. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 52,065 | 44,408 | 24,477,758 | 85.13% | 56,322 | 45,956 | 33,826,169 | 81.34% | 61,395 | 45,447 | 194,413,393 | 72.68% |
| Northeast | 10,151 | 8,467 | 4,270,217 | 82.16% | 11,250 | 8,813 | 6,082,819 | 77.53% | 12,288 | 8,867 | 36,107,431 | 70.89% |
| Midwest | 14,808 | 12,662 | 5,372,501 | 85.35% | 15,838 | 12,914 | 7,417,088 | 80.97% | 17,320 | 12,858 | 42,466,732 | 73.14% |
| South | 15,840 | 13,625 | 8,982,778 | 86.35% | 16,974 | 14,237 | 12,220,871 | 83.88% | 18,295 | 13,832 | 71,301,729 | 74.34% |
| West | 11,266 | 9,654 | 5,852,262 | 85.21% | 12,260 | 9,992 | 8,105,391 | 80.74% | 13,492 | 9,890 | 44,537,502 | 71.09% |
| Alabama | 759 | 633 | 375,942 | 83.76% | 690 | 567 | 515,510 | 81.36% | 846 | 622 | 2,993,410 | 73.13% |
| Alaska | 660 | 568 | 58,753 | 86.39% | 725 | 608 | 81,679 | 84.83% | 782 | 594 | 414,553 | 76.26% |
| Arizona | 676 | 592 | 538,672 | 87.18% | 828 | 677 | 698,979 | 80.25% | 755 | 572 | 4,111,148 | 74.02% |
| Arkansas | 682 | 590 | 231,881 | 87.09% | 738 | 598 | 301,928 | 82.45% | 836 | 625 | 1,833,369 | 73.79% |
| California | 2,905 | 2,472 | 3,101,979 | 84.51% | 2,983 | 2,391 | 4,325,900 | 80.19% | 3,585 | 2,512 | 22,773,074 | 68.65% |
| Colorado | 677 | 596 | 381,533 | 85.87% | 841 | 681 | 549,726 | 82.10% | 794 | 611 | 3,192,744 | 76.74% |
| Connecticut | 698 | 596 | 283,906 | 86.38% | 781 | 638 | 375,156 | 81.73% | 819 | 607 | 2,285,109 | 73.51% |
| Delaware | 677 | 578 | 67,805 | 85.01% | 759 | 638 | 94,200 | 84.15% | 792 | 593 | 572,665 | 73.09% |
| District of Columbia | 644 | 574 | 34,683 | 89.17% | 786 | 664 | 86,622 | 83.83% | 722 | 583 | 392,811 | 81.55% |
| Florida | 2,736 | 2,341 | 1,336,737 | 85.42% | 2,957 | 2,540 | 1,850,052 | 85.26% | 3,174 | 2,422 | 12,361,513 | 74.87% |
| Georgia | 715 | 619 | 820,145 | 87.07% | 697 | 596 | 1,050,786 | 84.56% | 801 | 602 | 6,022,823 | 74.13% |
| Hawaii | 791 | 649 | 91,104 | 80.44% | 836 | 620 | 131,160 | 74.46% | 990 | 665 | 827,725 | 64.29% |
| Idaho | 684 | 578 | 131,965 | 84.90% | 707 | 610 | 171,302 | 86.06% | 841 | 640 | 939,631 | 75.18% |
| Illinois | 2,763 | 2,299 | 1,053,276 | 83.16% | 3,170 | 2,419 | 1,460,312 | 76.02% | 3,615 | 2,546 | 8,097,288 | 68.87% |
| Indiana | 721 | 626 | 525,525 | 87.68% | 699 | 567 | 701,086 | 81.07% | 841 | 627 | 4,047,093 | 74.29% |
| Iowa | 675 | 589 | 236,022 | 87.73% | 761 | 629 | 350,071 | 81.98% | 776 | 631 | 1,908,202 | 79.22% |
| Kansas | 678 | 599 | 226,545 | 88.52% | 772 | 607 | 330,970 | 78.85% | 783 | 588 | 1,730,522 | 73.02% |
| Kentucky | 659 | 566 | 334,420 | 86.76% | 766 | 632 | 446,645 | 82.33% | 802 | 614 | 2,781,361 | 74.80% |
| Louisiana | 720 | 612 | 367,519 | 85.09% | 711 | 593 | 527,254 | 83.19% | 824 | 624 | 2,756,163 | 76.67% |
| Maine | 704 | 621 | 96,374 | 88.37% | 750 | 636 | 128,182 | 85.09% | 778 | 631 | 903,556 | 80.42% |
| Maryland | 630 | 545 | 452,038 | 87.03% | 701 | 580 | 616,208 | 82.95% | 767 | 594 | 3,653,639 | 76.74% |
| Massachusetts | 711 | 584 | 494,016 | 81.38% | 820 | 673 | 766,014 | 81.72% | 857 | 642 | 4,324,616 | 74.42% |
| Michigan | 2,895 | 2,455 | 822,105 | 84.26% | 2,923 | 2,420 | 1,097,830 | 82.89% | 3,273 | 2,454 | 6,398,696 | 74.03% |
| Minnesota | 692 | 603 | 413,410 | 86.54% | 806 | 660 | 583,280 | 81.49% | 783 | 608 | 3,372,460 | 76.30% |
| Mississippi | 633 | 545 | 248,816 | 86.72% | 740 | 634 | 336,097 | 85.98% | 804 | 605 | 1,784,646 | 74.21% |
| Missouri | 715 | 594 | 476,436 | 83.59% | 738 | 614 | 643,637 | 82.82% | 801 | 602 | 3,819,620 | 73.48% |
| Montana | 698 | 597 | 73,735 | 86.08% | 746 | 614 | 110,260 | 82.19% | 812 | 617 | 633,252 | 74.40% |
| Nebraska | 673 | 590 | 142,549 | 88.08% | 747 | 610 | 214,428 | 82.01% | 825 | 617 | 1,106,278 | 73.22% |
| Nevada | 661 | 576 | 212,438 | 88.15% | 796 | 673 | 257,198 | 84.96% | 875 | 639 | 1,680,228 | 68.13% |
| New Hampshire | 687 | 577 | 103,281 | 84.66% | 823 | 673 | 140,176 | 81.96% | 840 | 612 | 883,622 | 72.07% |
| New Jersey | 732 | 614 | 695,052 | 83.02% | 742 | 581 | 873,788 | 79.50% | 855 | 634 | 5,686,972 | 73.83% |
| New Mexico | 710 | 632 | 161,555 | 89.22% | 738 | 613 | 228,756 | 84.91% | 784 | 585 | 1,244,885 | 74.15% |
| New York | 2,917 | 2,344 | 1,509,858 | 79.67% | 3,427 | 2,483 | 2,236,966 | 72.75% | 3,738 | 2,506 | 12,648,267 | 66.66% |
| North Carolina | 655 | 584 | 723,670 | 89.21% | 791 | 662 | 986,404 | 84.66% | 769 | 587 | 5,935,653 | 75.49% |
| North Dakota | 727 | 625 | 47,211 | 85.91% | 749 | 626 | 92,922 | 84.11% | 861 | 632 | 397,148 | 73.64% |
| Ohio | 2,788 | 2,402 | 924,820 | 85.90% | 3,059 | 2,577 | 1,214,036 | 83.80% | 3,178 | 2,337 | 7,442,306 | 71.96% |
| Oklahoma | 759 | 646 | 292,084 | 85.05% | 704 | 565 | 419,077 | 79.42% | 834 | 620 | 2,272,080 | 71.31% |
| Oregon | 795 | 654 | 288,096 | 81.63% | 677 | 560 | 401,242 | 83.81% | 832 | 640 | 2,525,156 | 75.91% |
| Pennsylvania | 2,360 | 1,943 | 962,444 | 82.77% | 2,425 | 1,905 | 1,360,835 | 78.80% | 2,863 | 2,052 | 8,272,159 | 70.95% |
| Rhode Island | 704 | 625 | 79,655 | 89.14% | 784 | 625 | 129,145 | 79.80% | 784 | 578 | 684,072 | 73.06% |
| South Carolina | 757 | 643 | 352,096 | 84.90% | 747 | 646 | 480,982 | 85.11% | 787 | 592 | 2,912,325 | 73.20% |
| South Dakota | 687 | 601 | 63,682 | 87.84% | 723 | 625 | 93,602 | 86.97% | 793 | 623 | 505,557 | 78.72% |
| Tennessee | 764 | 670 | 491,069 | 87.97% | 712 | 591 | 646,257 | 84.14% | 813 | 589 | 4,079,971 | 69.53% |
| Texas | 2,671 | 2,307 | 2,125,058 | 86.57% | 2,971 | 2,484 | 2,813,275 | 83.69% | 3,177 | 2,395 | 14,745,138 | 74.53% |
| Utah | 640 | 568 | 254,680 | 89.28% | 782 | 657 | 379,390 | 83.54% | 784 | 612 | 1,528,461 | 77.83% |
| Vermont | 638 | 563 | 45,631 | 89.01% | 698 | 599 | 72,557 | 85.03% | 754 | 605 | 419,057 | 79.23% |
| Virginia | 697 | 592 | 598,313 | 84.83% | 745 | 631 | 865,844 | 84.69% | 779 | 583 | 4,976,551 | 74.34% |
| Washington | 722 | 612 | 516,464 | 85.23% | 774 | 606 | 706,882 | 76.50% | 856 | 615 | 4,324,124 | 71.76% |
| West Virginia | 682 | 580 | 130,503 | 84.95% | 759 | 616 | 183,731 | 80.47% | 768 | 582 | 1,227,612 | 74.42% |
| Wisconsin | 794 | 679 | 440,921 | 85.20% | 691 | 560 | 634,912 | 79.83% | 791 | 593 | 3,641,561 | 75.10% |
| Wyoming | 647 | 560 | 41,288 | 85.11% | 827 | 682 | 62,918 | 81.96% | 802 | 588 | 342,522 | 73.63% |
| State | 2008 Total Selected |
2008 Total Responded |
2008 Population Estimate |
2008 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
2009 Total Selected |
2009 Total Responded |
2009 Population Estimate |
2009 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
2010 Total Selected |
2010 Total Responded |
2010 Population Estimate |
2010 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: The 2008 and 2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 36,999 | 31,238 | 38,081,341 | 84.29% | 37,009 | 31,560 | 38,241,242 | 85.21% | 36,493 | 30,926 | 37,977,621 | 84.37% |
| Northeast | 7,122 | 5,920 | 6,707,117 | 82.07% | 7,329 | 6,098 | 6,785,606 | 82.08% | 7,068 | 5,812 | 6,622,750 | 80.74% |
| Midwest | 10,526 | 8,854 | 8,356,484 | 83.74% | 10,586 | 9,034 | 8,472,393 | 84.90% | 10,415 | 8,841 | 8,359,258 | 84.73% |
| South | 11,102 | 9,542 | 13,858,227 | 86.15% | 11,053 | 9,595 | 13,893,364 | 87.36% | 11,208 | 9,600 | 14,070,149 | 85.73% |
| West | 8,249 | 6,922 | 9,159,513 | 83.60% | 8,041 | 6,833 | 9,089,879 | 84.55% | 7,802 | 6,673 | 8,925,464 | 84.62% |
| Alabama | 493 | 427 | 581,262 | 86.76% | 530 | 447 | 599,028 | 85.17% | 510 | 425 | 587,014 | 82.65% |
| Alaska | 515 | 414 | 92,180 | 80.10% | 488 | 416 | 91,611 | 85.87% | 433 | 370 | 86,119 | 86.09% |
| Arizona | 481 | 413 | 810,336 | 85.49% | 514 | 437 | 824,443 | 84.93% | 509 | 441 | 834,235 | 85.27% |
| Arkansas | 513 | 454 | 350,656 | 88.83% | 469 | 407 | 342,551 | 88.11% | 458 | 380 | 334,786 | 82.16% |
| California | 2,120 | 1,761 | 4,938,568 | 82.75% | 1,946 | 1,634 | 4,775,356 | 83.65% | 2,058 | 1,755 | 4,745,134 | 84.60% |
| Colorado | 530 | 444 | 568,813 | 83.19% | 564 | 494 | 585,652 | 86.73% | 406 | 337 | 551,247 | 81.84% |
| Connecticut | 453 | 396 | 422,896 | 88.56% | 481 | 407 | 408,896 | 85.77% | 494 | 422 | 446,654 | 85.63% |
| Delaware | 495 | 410 | 104,894 | 83.20% | 518 | 446 | 108,455 | 86.09% | 439 | 375 | 105,183 | 85.49% |
| District of Columbia | 410 | 368 | 58,497 | 90.11% | 398 | 346 | 59,345 | 85.42% | 442 | 401 | 56,178 | 91.06% |
| Florida | 1,953 | 1,691 | 2,132,876 | 86.69% | 1,921 | 1,662 | 2,133,592 | 86.01% | 2,038 | 1,759 | 2,165,742 | 86.98% |
| Georgia | 512 | 438 | 1,242,605 | 84.97% | 474 | 420 | 1,182,593 | 88.73% | 508 | 430 | 1,222,236 | 84.71% |
| Hawaii | 525 | 408 | 141,555 | 77.46% | 538 | 426 | 150,940 | 76.75% | 561 | 468 | 142,051 | 82.88% |
| Idaho | 477 | 418 | 193,450 | 87.15% | 468 | 402 | 201,917 | 86.93% | 479 | 409 | 202,052 | 85.98% |
| Illinois | 2,113 | 1,719 | 1,626,682 | 81.62% | 2,021 | 1,676 | 1,681,199 | 82.87% | 1,948 | 1,593 | 1,638,431 | 81.51% |
| Indiana | 540 | 447 | 818,888 | 83.63% | 472 | 406 | 824,402 | 86.59% | 511 | 445 | 808,335 | 87.62% |
| Iowa | 484 | 413 | 367,032 | 86.07% | 484 | 417 | 362,489 | 86.00% | 464 | 400 | 369,554 | 85.30% |
| Kansas | 441 | 367 | 343,518 | 83.67% | 523 | 445 | 362,101 | 84.25% | 452 | 397 | 349,540 | 87.74% |
| Kentucky | 486 | 423 | 515,913 | 86.34% | 465 | 411 | 533,285 | 89.41% | 508 | 430 | 515,140 | 84.34% |
| Louisiana | 466 | 404 | 615,972 | 86.94% | 470 | 395 | 559,359 | 83.59% | 507 | 431 | 567,474 | 85.18% |
| Maine | 484 | 423 | 154,462 | 86.37% | 515 | 448 | 141,437 | 87.04% | 458 | 405 | 152,571 | 89.02% |
| Maryland | 484 | 407 | 708,080 | 85.30% | 445 | 391 | 679,353 | 88.22% | 428 | 367 | 671,790 | 86.29% |
| Massachusetts | 475 | 405 | 783,464 | 85.33% | 503 | 407 | 756,845 | 80.42% | 474 | 387 | 730,933 | 80.15% |
| Michigan | 2,027 | 1,730 | 1,325,437 | 84.95% | 2,054 | 1,735 | 1,286,421 | 84.14% | 1,998 | 1,690 | 1,266,567 | 84.36% |
| Minnesota | 452 | 390 | 620,418 | 86.35% | 523 | 444 | 687,929 | 83.63% | 496 | 425 | 635,101 | 85.43% |
| Mississippi | 464 | 401 | 385,041 | 86.31% | 464 | 396 | 401,760 | 86.27% | 483 | 422 | 393,379 | 87.64% |
| Missouri | 483 | 410 | 713,872 | 82.22% | 496 | 410 | 701,234 | 83.00% | 474 | 400 | 741,708 | 85.70% |
| Montana | 525 | 442 | 121,269 | 85.39% | 497 | 421 | 116,223 | 85.63% | 480 | 416 | 118,731 | 86.51% |
| Nebraska | 483 | 417 | 225,154 | 85.63% | 498 | 429 | 240,816 | 87.71% | 469 | 415 | 227,519 | 87.62% |
| Nevada | 490 | 423 | 301,339 | 86.56% | 500 | 438 | 312,307 | 88.06% | 467 | 410 | 329,077 | 89.28% |
| New Hampshire | 494 | 418 | 172,605 | 84.97% | 525 | 437 | 162,423 | 83.24% | 485 | 406 | 163,192 | 85.20% |
| New Jersey | 579 | 474 | 1,042,888 | 81.60% | 502 | 418 | 1,060,608 | 81.69% | 518 | 429 | 1,033,688 | 82.93% |
| New Mexico | 442 | 382 | 252,364 | 85.83% | 476 | 418 | 255,788 | 89.54% | 502 | 447 | 255,942 | 88.87% |
| New York | 2,028 | 1,630 | 2,425,431 | 79.44% | 2,121 | 1,721 | 2,486,753 | 80.92% | 2,091 | 1,629 | 2,367,030 | 76.92% |
| North Carolina | 480 | 420 | 1,102,143 | 88.11% | 452 | 402 | 1,094,206 | 89.32% | 487 | 434 | 1,158,894 | 89.02% |
| North Dakota | 494 | 417 | 83,543 | 83.50% | 494 | 431 | 82,565 | 87.52% | 516 | 438 | 84,291 | 85.53% |
| Ohio | 2,087 | 1,757 | 1,463,023 | 84.33% | 2,014 | 1,745 | 1,474,740 | 86.21% | 2,085 | 1,791 | 1,450,314 | 85.68% |
| Oklahoma | 457 | 385 | 440,291 | 84.06% | 502 | 427 | 460,633 | 85.55% | 510 | 430 | 445,994 | 83.55% |
| Oregon | 583 | 507 | 481,595 | 86.18% | 534 | 429 | 445,204 | 81.09% | 510 | 425 | 435,243 | 82.04% |
| Pennsylvania | 1,641 | 1,343 | 1,497,043 | 81.72% | 1,675 | 1,384 | 1,558,771 | 82.99% | 1,641 | 1,344 | 1,529,660 | 81.90% |
| Rhode Island | 448 | 398 | 130,107 | 88.98% | 530 | 447 | 130,746 | 83.09% | 472 | 419 | 127,717 | 88.13% |
| South Carolina | 488 | 422 | 547,282 | 86.74% | 540 | 471 | 539,722 | 86.26% | 498 | 421 | 554,128 | 84.56% |
| South Dakota | 497 | 447 | 106,030 | 89.70% | 486 | 439 | 103,873 | 90.23% | 500 | 429 | 98,463 | 86.31% |
| Tennessee | 456 | 378 | 699,714 | 82.76% | 534 | 473 | 778,937 | 88.58% | 521 | 448 | 783,233 | 87.28% |
| Texas | 1,906 | 1,645 | 3,243,147 | 86.32% | 1,869 | 1,641 | 3,208,416 | 88.06% | 1,918 | 1,638 | 3,337,978 | 85.37% |
| Utah | 501 | 434 | 395,972 | 84.14% | 483 | 426 | 400,057 | 88.25% | 412 | 364 | 375,829 | 88.48% |
| Vermont | 520 | 433 | 78,221 | 82.77% | 477 | 429 | 79,128 | 89.98% | 435 | 371 | 71,307 | 85.97% |
| Virginia | 502 | 428 | 931,139 | 86.21% | 507 | 441 | 1,007,100 | 87.39% | 489 | 415 | 974,776 | 85.04% |
| Washington | 538 | 446 | 795,765 | 84.12% | 540 | 464 | 859,380 | 85.46% | 501 | 410 | 783,258 | 81.66% |
| West Virginia | 537 | 441 | 198,715 | 82.69% | 495 | 419 | 205,027 | 84.86% | 464 | 394 | 196,221 | 84.13% |
| Wisconsin | 425 | 340 | 662,888 | 81.80% | 521 | 457 | 664,624 | 87.47% | 502 | 418 | 689,435 | 82.92% |
| Wyoming | 522 | 430 | 66,307 | 81.99% | 493 | 428 | 71,000 | 84.56% | 484 | 421 | 66,546 | 86.75% |
| State | 2008-2009 Total Selected |
2008-2009 Total Responded |
2008-2009 Population Estimate |
2008-2009 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
2009-2010 Total Selected |
2009-2010 Total Responded |
2009-2010 Population Estimate |
2009-2010 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: The 2008-2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. NOTE: To compute the pooled weighted response rates, the two samples were combined, and the individual-year weights were used for the pooled sample. Thus, the response rates presented here are weighted across 2 years of data rather than being a simple average of the individual response rates. The population estimate is the average of the population across the 2 years. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 74,008 | 62,798 | 38,161,292 | 84.75% | 73,502 | 62,486 | 38,109,432 | 84.79% |
| Northeast | 14,451 | 12,018 | 6,746,362 | 82.08% | 14,397 | 11,910 | 6,704,178 | 81.42% |
| Midwest | 21,112 | 17,888 | 8,414,438 | 84.32% | 21,001 | 17,875 | 8,415,825 | 84.82% |
| South | 22,155 | 19,137 | 13,875,795 | 86.76% | 22,261 | 19,195 | 13,981,756 | 86.54% |
| West | 16,290 | 13,755 | 9,124,696 | 84.07% | 15,843 | 13,506 | 9,007,672 | 84.58% |
| Alabama | 1,023 | 874 | 590,145 | 85.97% | 1,040 | 872 | 593,021 | 83.90% |
| Alaska | 1,003 | 830 | 91,895 | 82.95% | 921 | 786 | 88,865 | 85.97% |
| Arizona | 995 | 850 | 817,390 | 85.20% | 1,023 | 878 | 829,339 | 85.10% |
| Arkansas | 982 | 861 | 346,604 | 88.49% | 927 | 787 | 338,668 | 85.08% |
| California | 4,066 | 3,395 | 4,856,962 | 83.20% | 4,004 | 3,389 | 4,760,245 | 84.12% |
| Colorado | 1,094 | 938 | 577,232 | 84.98% | 970 | 831 | 568,449 | 84.43% |
| Connecticut | 934 | 803 | 415,896 | 87.17% | 975 | 829 | 427,775 | 85.69% |
| Delaware | 1,013 | 856 | 106,674 | 84.66% | 957 | 821 | 106,819 | 85.79% |
| District of Columbia | 808 | 714 | 58,921 | 87.72% | 840 | 747 | 57,762 | 88.14% |
| Florida | 3,874 | 3,353 | 2,133,234 | 86.36% | 3,959 | 3,421 | 2,149,667 | 86.51% |
| Georgia | 986 | 858 | 1,212,599 | 86.81% | 982 | 850 | 1,202,415 | 86.71% |
| Hawaii | 1,063 | 834 | 146,248 | 77.10% | 1,099 | 894 | 146,495 | 79.79% |
| Idaho | 945 | 820 | 197,683 | 87.04% | 947 | 811 | 201,984 | 86.46% |
| Illinois | 4,134 | 3,395 | 1,653,940 | 82.26% | 3,969 | 3,269 | 1,659,815 | 82.20% |
| Indiana | 1,012 | 853 | 821,645 | 85.10% | 983 | 851 | 816,369 | 87.10% |
| Iowa | 968 | 830 | 364,761 | 86.04% | 948 | 817 | 366,022 | 85.65% |
| Kansas | 964 | 812 | 352,809 | 83.97% | 975 | 842 | 355,820 | 85.93% |
| Kentucky | 951 | 834 | 524,599 | 87.89% | 973 | 841 | 524,213 | 86.87% |
| Louisiana | 936 | 799 | 587,665 | 85.29% | 977 | 826 | 563,417 | 84.38% |
| Maine | 999 | 871 | 147,950 | 86.70% | 973 | 853 | 147,004 | 88.02% |
| Maryland | 929 | 798 | 693,717 | 86.74% | 873 | 758 | 675,572 | 87.28% |
| Massachusetts | 978 | 812 | 770,154 | 82.80% | 977 | 794 | 743,889 | 80.29% |
| Michigan | 4,081 | 3,465 | 1,305,929 | 84.55% | 4,052 | 3,425 | 1,276,494 | 84.25% |
| Minnesota | 975 | 834 | 654,173 | 84.92% | 1,019 | 869 | 661,515 | 84.49% |
| Mississippi | 928 | 797 | 393,401 | 86.29% | 947 | 818 | 397,570 | 86.95% |
| Missouri | 979 | 820 | 707,553 | 82.60% | 970 | 810 | 721,471 | 84.36% |
| Montana | 1,022 | 863 | 118,746 | 85.51% | 977 | 837 | 117,477 | 86.07% |
| Nebraska | 981 | 846 | 232,985 | 86.69% | 967 | 844 | 234,167 | 87.67% |
| Nevada | 990 | 861 | 306,823 | 87.33% | 967 | 848 | 320,692 | 88.67% |
| New Hampshire | 1,019 | 855 | 167,514 | 84.14% | 1,010 | 843 | 162,808 | 84.20% |
| New Jersey | 1,081 | 892 | 1,051,748 | 81.64% | 1,020 | 847 | 1,047,148 | 82.32% |
| New Mexico | 918 | 800 | 254,076 | 87.70% | 978 | 865 | 255,865 | 89.20% |
| New York | 4,149 | 3,351 | 2,456,092 | 80.19% | 4,212 | 3,350 | 2,426,892 | 78.94% |
| North Carolina | 932 | 822 | 1,098,175 | 88.72% | 939 | 836 | 1,126,550 | 89.17% |
| North Dakota | 988 | 848 | 83,054 | 85.45% | 1,010 | 869 | 83,428 | 86.49% |
| Ohio | 4,101 | 3,502 | 1,468,881 | 85.28% | 4,099 | 3,536 | 1,462,527 | 85.95% |
| Oklahoma | 959 | 812 | 450,462 | 84.83% | 1,012 | 857 | 453,313 | 84.57% |
| Oregon | 1,117 | 936 | 463,400 | 83.73% | 1,044 | 854 | 440,223 | 81.56% |
| Pennsylvania | 3,316 | 2,727 | 1,527,907 | 82.37% | 3,316 | 2,728 | 1,544,215 | 82.45% |
| Rhode Island | 978 | 845 | 130,426 | 85.99% | 1,002 | 866 | 129,231 | 85.53% |
| South Carolina | 1,028 | 893 | 543,502 | 86.50% | 1,038 | 892 | 546,925 | 85.40% |
| South Dakota | 983 | 886 | 104,952 | 89.97% | 986 | 868 | 101,168 | 88.32% |
| Tennessee | 990 | 851 | 739,326 | 85.78% | 1,055 | 921 | 781,085 | 87.92% |
| Texas | 3,775 | 3,286 | 3,225,782 | 87.18% | 3,787 | 3,279 | 3,273,197 | 86.70% |
| Utah | 984 | 860 | 398,014 | 86.22% | 895 | 790 | 387,943 | 88.36% |
| Vermont | 997 | 862 | 78,674 | 86.39% | 912 | 800 | 75,217 | 88.07% |
| Virginia | 1,009 | 869 | 969,120 | 86.84% | 996 | 856 | 990,938 | 86.24% |
| Washington | 1,078 | 910 | 827,573 | 84.82% | 1,041 | 874 | 821,319 | 83.64% |
| West Virginia | 1,032 | 860 | 201,871 | 83.78% | 959 | 813 | 200,624 | 84.50% |
| Wisconsin | 946 | 797 | 663,756 | 84.54% | 1,023 | 875 | 677,030 | 85.16% |
| Wyoming | 1,015 | 858 | 68,653 | 83.30% | 977 | 849 | 68,773 | 85.64% |
| State | 2008 Total Selected |
2008 Total Responded |
2008 Population Estimate |
2008 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
2009 Total Selected |
2009 Total Responded |
2009 Population Estimate |
2009 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
2010 Total Selected |
2010 Total Responded |
2010 Population Estimate |
2010 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: The 2008 and 2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 59,483 | 45,667 | 224,922,763 | 73.08% | 58,628 | 45,591 | 227,206,545 | 74.46% | 59,089 | 45,812 | 229,272,578 | 73.49% |
| Northeast | 11,697 | 8,739 | 41,723,952 | 70.70% | 11,722 | 8,768 | 42,079,937 | 71.75% | 11,816 | 8,912 | 42,300,562 | 71.96% |
| Midwest | 16,944 | 13,009 | 49,448,506 | 73.84% | 16,376 | 12,735 | 49,756,736 | 74.91% | 16,782 | 13,037 | 50,010,904 | 73.71% |
| South | 17,657 | 13,939 | 81,912,691 | 75.27% | 17,701 | 14,158 | 83,039,864 | 76.29% | 17,568 | 13,911 | 84,005,336 | 75.22% |
| West | 13,185 | 9,980 | 51,837,615 | 70.89% | 12,829 | 9,930 | 52,330,008 | 73.31% | 12,923 | 9,952 | 52,955,777 | 71.84% |
| Alabama | 833 | 637 | 3,462,438 | 70.09% | 784 | 618 | 3,498,218 | 77.82% | 752 | 571 | 3,519,621 | 70.68% |
| Alaska | 777 | 608 | 479,955 | 75.78% | 762 | 600 | 493,862 | 78.40% | 745 | 602 | 498,602 | 76.86% |
| Arizona | 779 | 601 | 4,700,399 | 75.56% | 767 | 616 | 4,772,012 | 78.64% | 816 | 633 | 4,848,242 | 71.45% |
| Arkansas | 768 | 609 | 2,100,948 | 75.70% | 785 | 608 | 2,127,061 | 76.02% | 789 | 615 | 2,143,532 | 74.10% |
| California | 3,565 | 2,607 | 26,834,059 | 68.17% | 3,355 | 2,491 | 26,962,535 | 70.44% | 3,213 | 2,412 | 27,235,412 | 70.49% |
| Colorado | 797 | 608 | 3,650,120 | 75.05% | 791 | 619 | 3,712,168 | 75.96% | 844 | 673 | 3,772,773 | 78.94% |
| Connecticut | 856 | 668 | 2,629,944 | 73.64% | 780 | 607 | 2,651,071 | 75.54% | 820 | 638 | 2,669,460 | 73.79% |
| Delaware | 815 | 653 | 652,247 | 78.20% | 771 | 610 | 663,392 | 72.25% | 780 | 621 | 670,337 | 76.96% |
| District of Columbia | 778 | 627 | 469,267 | 77.83% | 754 | 636 | 475,164 | 83.47% | 754 | 611 | 483,703 | 80.56% |
| Florida | 3,005 | 2,393 | 13,990,125 | 75.51% | 3,095 | 2,522 | 14,141,314 | 75.95% | 3,036 | 2,440 | 14,281,818 | 76.56% |
| Georgia | 725 | 564 | 6,929,959 | 72.18% | 738 | 601 | 7,025,028 | 76.93% | 760 | 597 | 7,122,189 | 74.41% |
| Hawaii | 917 | 621 | 958,686 | 63.83% | 930 | 649 | 959,869 | 66.03% | 896 | 636 | 957,899 | 65.29% |
| Idaho | 791 | 628 | 1,086,964 | 77.02% | 788 | 632 | 1,102,446 | 76.10% | 760 | 618 | 1,119,419 | 77.60% |
| Illinois | 3,530 | 2,508 | 9,523,946 | 67.16% | 3,380 | 2,478 | 9,535,363 | 70.37% | 3,405 | 2,487 | 9,579,838 | 69.50% |
| Indiana | 758 | 590 | 4,693,498 | 77.02% | 787 | 619 | 4,734,130 | 78.39% | 753 | 575 | 4,762,228 | 72.40% |
| Iowa | 801 | 645 | 2,242,082 | 80.29% | 760 | 622 | 2,248,480 | 80.95% | 777 | 638 | 2,268,066 | 78.26% |
| Kansas | 796 | 625 | 2,039,018 | 76.01% | 785 | 606 | 2,052,096 | 74.78% | 770 | 589 | 2,070,889 | 73.21% |
| Kentucky | 736 | 570 | 3,186,380 | 71.84% | 811 | 645 | 3,214,458 | 75.52% | 757 | 601 | 3,241,553 | 76.04% |
| Louisiana | 754 | 605 | 3,209,206 | 78.22% | 805 | 639 | 3,270,638 | 78.34% | 730 | 578 | 3,296,197 | 77.01% |
| Maine | 781 | 629 | 1,025,265 | 76.07% | 753 | 627 | 1,030,693 | 82.04% | 775 | 640 | 1,032,784 | 80.01% |
| Maryland | 744 | 557 | 4,196,523 | 71.53% | 687 | 559 | 4,249,895 | 78.75% | 781 | 615 | 4,289,800 | 76.76% |
| Massachusetts | 760 | 596 | 4,975,546 | 75.82% | 888 | 681 | 5,067,283 | 72.94% | 789 | 634 | 5,113,977 | 78.02% |
| Michigan | 3,206 | 2,483 | 7,485,628 | 73.93% | 3,067 | 2,396 | 7,493,915 | 75.99% | 3,129 | 2,478 | 7,499,137 | 74.75% |
| Minnesota | 730 | 580 | 3,898,306 | 77.85% | 777 | 618 | 3,938,642 | 76.78% | 812 | 650 | 3,972,838 | 77.37% |
| Mississippi | 744 | 594 | 2,103,803 | 76.92% | 790 | 636 | 2,115,316 | 76.79% | 754 | 603 | 2,126,170 | 75.20% |
| Missouri | 773 | 599 | 4,380,159 | 75.18% | 738 | 583 | 4,446,201 | 74.83% | 801 | 633 | 4,480,314 | 74.91% |
| Montana | 756 | 601 | 731,019 | 76.33% | 769 | 614 | 739,171 | 74.99% | 789 | 617 | 747,854 | 76.00% |
| Nebraska | 759 | 589 | 1,305,413 | 75.74% | 787 | 621 | 1,313,534 | 77.60% | 785 | 606 | 1,327,879 | 71.62% |
| Nevada | 757 | 567 | 1,901,495 | 72.53% | 786 | 618 | 1,929,882 | 70.81% | 885 | 694 | 1,944,971 | 69.92% |
| New Hampshire | 777 | 619 | 1,007,507 | 78.56% | 803 | 617 | 1,020,081 | 73.47% | 860 | 668 | 1,027,514 | 73.45% |
| New Jersey | 857 | 658 | 6,516,694 | 72.31% | 827 | 616 | 6,544,280 | 71.29% | 770 | 599 | 6,577,240 | 77.93% |
| New Mexico | 757 | 595 | 1,450,863 | 78.45% | 769 | 613 | 1,466,616 | 75.96% | 753 | 585 | 1,480,665 | 75.70% |
| New York | 3,510 | 2,415 | 14,816,448 | 65.48% | 3,561 | 2,504 | 14,858,432 | 69.52% | 3,604 | 2,485 | 14,912,033 | 65.77% |
| North Carolina | 709 | 560 | 6,768,012 | 76.99% | 803 | 656 | 6,884,806 | 78.46% | 757 | 593 | 6,959,307 | 75.02% |
| North Dakota | 796 | 636 | 481,318 | 78.24% | 779 | 604 | 486,318 | 75.56% | 831 | 654 | 493,824 | 75.68% |
| Ohio | 3,143 | 2,430 | 8,578,157 | 72.79% | 2,999 | 2,374 | 8,650,872 | 73.65% | 3,238 | 2,540 | 8,661,813 | 73.64% |
| Oklahoma | 793 | 621 | 2,647,965 | 78.37% | 759 | 599 | 2,678,184 | 73.20% | 779 | 586 | 2,704,129 | 71.96% |
| Oregon | 873 | 699 | 2,879,615 | 70.16% | 751 | 611 | 2,909,054 | 79.91% | 758 | 589 | 2,943,741 | 73.99% |
| Pennsylvania | 2,612 | 1,946 | 9,461,258 | 71.79% | 2,600 | 1,927 | 9,609,739 | 71.80% | 2,688 | 2,030 | 9,656,250 | 72.35% |
| Rhode Island | 761 | 598 | 804,991 | 76.44% | 773 | 580 | 809,132 | 75.38% | 795 | 623 | 817,303 | 72.92% |
| South Carolina | 763 | 636 | 3,309,346 | 81.64% | 747 | 603 | 3,375,522 | 75.12% | 787 | 635 | 3,411,091 | 74.84% |
| South Dakota | 818 | 674 | 588,444 | 77.44% | 766 | 628 | 594,616 | 80.10% | 750 | 620 | 603,702 | 80.01% |
| Tennessee | 865 | 674 | 4,641,311 | 74.35% | 778 | 598 | 4,703,420 | 71.59% | 747 | 582 | 4,749,036 | 71.83% |
| Texas | 3,049 | 2,421 | 17,119,812 | 75.65% | 3,046 | 2,414 | 17,401,039 | 76.35% | 3,102 | 2,465 | 17,715,787 | 75.65% |
| Utah | 777 | 624 | 1,862,178 | 77.28% | 744 | 600 | 1,890,406 | 79.16% | 822 | 669 | 1,925,295 | 78.73% |
| Vermont | 783 | 610 | 486,299 | 74.56% | 737 | 609 | 489,227 | 78.26% | 715 | 595 | 494,001 | 81.98% |
| Virginia | 792 | 619 | 5,721,688 | 74.92% | 777 | 621 | 5,807,626 | 76.24% | 747 | 593 | 5,877,166 | 75.57% |
| Washington | 801 | 591 | 4,906,769 | 72.13% | 801 | 625 | 4,989,090 | 76.03% | 829 | 596 | 5,072,923 | 68.75% |
| West Virginia | 784 | 599 | 1,403,665 | 75.25% | 771 | 593 | 1,408,784 | 72.70% | 756 | 605 | 1,413,902 | 77.86% |
| Wisconsin | 834 | 650 | 4,232,537 | 76.11% | 751 | 586 | 4,262,569 | 75.65% | 731 | 567 | 4,290,376 | 75.98% |
| Wyoming | 838 | 630 | 395,493 | 70.94% | 816 | 642 | 402,898 | 78.03% | 813 | 628 | 407,981 | 71.88% |
| State | 2008-2009 Total Selected |
2008-2009 Total Responded |
2008-2009 Population Estimate |
2008-2009 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
2009-2010 Total Selected |
2009-2010 Total Responded |
2009-2010 Population Estimate |
2009-2010 Weighted Interview Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: The 2008-2009 numbers may differ from the previously published numbers due to updates (see Section 1.5 of the report). NOTE: Computations in this table are based on a respondent's age at screening. Thus, the data in the Total Responded column(s) could differ from data in other NSDUH tables that use the respondent's age recorded during the interview. NOTE: To compute the pooled weighted response rates, the two samples were combined, and the individual-year weights were used for the pooled sample. Thus, the response rates presented here are weighted across 2 years of data rather than being a simple average of the individual response rates. The population estimate is the average of the population across the 2 years. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 118,111 | 91,258 | 226,064,654 | 73.78% | 117,717 | 91,403 | 228,239,562 | 73.97% |
| Northeast | 23,419 | 17,507 | 41,901,944 | 71.23% | 23,538 | 17,680 | 42,190,250 | 71.86% |
| Midwest | 33,320 | 25,744 | 49,602,621 | 74.38% | 33,158 | 25,772 | 49,883,820 | 74.31% |
| South | 35,358 | 28,097 | 82,476,278 | 75.79% | 35,269 | 28,069 | 83,522,600 | 75.76% |
| West | 26,014 | 19,910 | 52,083,811 | 72.12% | 25,752 | 19,882 | 52,642,893 | 72.57% |
| Alabama | 1,617 | 1,255 | 3,480,328 | 74.18% | 1,536 | 1,189 | 3,508,919 | 74.32% |
| Alaska | 1,539 | 1,208 | 486,909 | 77.17% | 1,507 | 1,202 | 496,232 | 77.64% |
| Arizona | 1,546 | 1,217 | 4,736,205 | 77.16% | 1,583 | 1,249 | 4,810,127 | 74.88% |
| Arkansas | 1,553 | 1,217 | 2,114,004 | 75.86% | 1,574 | 1,223 | 2,135,297 | 75.05% |
| California | 6,920 | 5,098 | 26,898,297 | 69.32% | 6,568 | 4,903 | 27,098,973 | 70.46% |
| Colorado | 1,588 | 1,227 | 3,681,144 | 75.48% | 1,635 | 1,292 | 3,742,471 | 77.60% |
| Connecticut | 1,636 | 1,275 | 2,640,507 | 74.56% | 1,600 | 1,245 | 2,660,265 | 74.68% |
| Delaware | 1,586 | 1,263 | 657,820 | 75.00% | 1,551 | 1,231 | 666,864 | 74.66% |
| District of Columbia | 1,532 | 1,263 | 472,215 | 80.57% | 1,508 | 1,247 | 479,433 | 81.99% |
| Florida | 6,100 | 4,915 | 14,065,719 | 75.73% | 6,131 | 4,962 | 14,211,566 | 76.26% |
| Georgia | 1,463 | 1,165 | 6,977,493 | 74.70% | 1,498 | 1,198 | 7,073,609 | 75.72% |
| Hawaii | 1,847 | 1,270 | 959,278 | 64.94% | 1,826 | 1,285 | 958,884 | 65.66% |
| Idaho | 1,579 | 1,260 | 1,094,705 | 76.56% | 1,548 | 1,250 | 1,110,933 | 76.82% |
| Illinois | 6,910 | 4,986 | 9,529,654 | 68.78% | 6,785 | 4,965 | 9,557,601 | 69.94% |
| Indiana | 1,545 | 1,209 | 4,713,814 | 77.69% | 1,540 | 1,194 | 4,748,179 | 75.29% |
| Iowa | 1,561 | 1,267 | 2,245,281 | 80.62% | 1,537 | 1,260 | 2,258,273 | 79.64% |
| Kansas | 1,581 | 1,231 | 2,045,557 | 75.42% | 1,555 | 1,195 | 2,061,492 | 73.97% |
| Kentucky | 1,547 | 1,215 | 3,200,419 | 73.81% | 1,568 | 1,246 | 3,228,005 | 75.77% |
| Louisiana | 1,559 | 1,244 | 3,239,922 | 78.28% | 1,535 | 1,217 | 3,283,417 | 77.68% |
| Maine | 1,534 | 1,256 | 1,027,979 | 79.02% | 1,528 | 1,267 | 1,031,739 | 81.01% |
| Maryland | 1,431 | 1,116 | 4,223,209 | 75.13% | 1,468 | 1,174 | 4,269,848 | 77.70% |
| Massachusetts | 1,648 | 1,277 | 5,021,415 | 74.39% | 1,677 | 1,315 | 5,090,630 | 75.50% |
| Michigan | 6,273 | 4,879 | 7,489,772 | 74.95% | 6,196 | 4,874 | 7,496,526 | 75.36% |
| Minnesota | 1,507 | 1,198 | 3,918,474 | 77.31% | 1,589 | 1,268 | 3,955,740 | 77.08% |
| Mississippi | 1,534 | 1,230 | 2,109,559 | 76.85% | 1,544 | 1,239 | 2,120,743 | 76.01% |
| Missouri | 1,511 | 1,182 | 4,413,180 | 75.00% | 1,539 | 1,216 | 4,463,257 | 74.87% |
| Montana | 1,525 | 1,215 | 735,095 | 75.66% | 1,558 | 1,231 | 743,513 | 75.52% |
| Nebraska | 1,546 | 1,210 | 1,309,473 | 76.70% | 1,572 | 1,227 | 1,320,707 | 74.62% |
| Nevada | 1,543 | 1,185 | 1,915,689 | 71.65% | 1,671 | 1,312 | 1,937,426 | 70.36% |
| New Hampshire | 1,580 | 1,236 | 1,013,794 | 76.05% | 1,663 | 1,285 | 1,023,798 | 73.46% |
| New Jersey | 1,684 | 1,274 | 6,530,487 | 71.78% | 1,597 | 1,215 | 6,560,760 | 74.60% |
| New Mexico | 1,526 | 1,208 | 1,458,739 | 77.21% | 1,522 | 1,198 | 1,473,640 | 75.83% |
| New York | 7,071 | 4,919 | 14,837,440 | 67.49% | 7,165 | 4,989 | 14,885,232 | 67.58% |
| North Carolina | 1,512 | 1,216 | 6,826,409 | 77.77% | 1,560 | 1,249 | 6,922,057 | 76.83% |
| North Dakota | 1,575 | 1,240 | 483,818 | 76.89% | 1,610 | 1,258 | 490,071 | 75.62% |
| Ohio | 6,142 | 4,804 | 8,614,515 | 73.22% | 6,237 | 4,914 | 8,656,342 | 73.65% |
| Oklahoma | 1,552 | 1,220 | 2,663,075 | 75.88% | 1,538 | 1,185 | 2,691,157 | 72.55% |
| Oregon | 1,624 | 1,310 | 2,894,334 | 75.20% | 1,509 | 1,200 | 2,926,397 | 77.03% |
| Pennsylvania | 5,212 | 3,873 | 9,535,498 | 71.80% | 5,288 | 3,957 | 9,632,994 | 72.08% |
| Rhode Island | 1,534 | 1,178 | 807,061 | 75.89% | 1,568 | 1,203 | 813,218 | 74.18% |
| South Carolina | 1,510 | 1,239 | 3,342,434 | 78.56% | 1,534 | 1,238 | 3,393,307 | 74.98% |
| South Dakota | 1,584 | 1,302 | 591,530 | 78.71% | 1,516 | 1,248 | 599,159 | 80.05% |
| Tennessee | 1,643 | 1,272 | 4,672,365 | 73.05% | 1,525 | 1,180 | 4,726,228 | 71.71% |
| Texas | 6,095 | 4,835 | 17,260,426 | 76.00% | 6,148 | 4,879 | 17,558,413 | 76.00% |
| Utah | 1,521 | 1,224 | 1,876,292 | 78.20% | 1,566 | 1,269 | 1,907,850 | 78.93% |
| Vermont | 1,520 | 1,219 | 487,763 | 76.40% | 1,452 | 1,204 | 491,614 | 80.10% |
| Virginia | 1,569 | 1,240 | 5,764,657 | 75.58% | 1,524 | 1,214 | 5,842,396 | 75.90% |
| Washington | 1,602 | 1,216 | 4,947,930 | 74.16% | 1,630 | 1,221 | 5,031,007 | 72.42% |
| West Virginia | 1,555 | 1,192 | 1,406,225 | 73.95% | 1,527 | 1,198 | 1,411,343 | 75.22% |
| Wisconsin | 1,585 | 1,236 | 4,247,553 | 75.88% | 1,482 | 1,153 | 4,276,473 | 75.81% |
| Wyoming | 1,654 | 1,272 | 399,196 | 74.56% | 1,629 | 1,270 | 405,440 | 74.94% |
| Measure | 2002- 2003 |
2003- 2004 |
2004- 2005 |
2005- 2006 |
2006- 2007 |
2007- 2008 |
2008- 2009 |
2009- 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Estimates for these outcomes were not included in the 2002-2003 State report (Wright & Sathe, 2005), but the 2002-2003 estimates are included in the 2003-2004 State report as part of the comparison tables (see Wright & Sathe, 2006). However, the Bayesian confidence intervals associated with these were not published. 2 Estimates for serious psychological distress (SPD) in the years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 are not comparable with the 2004-2005 and subsequent SPD estimates. For more details, see Section A.8 in Appendix A of the 2005-2006 State report (Hughes et al., 2008). Note, in 2002-2003, SPD was referred to as "serious mental illness." 3 Questions used to determine a major depressive episode (MDE) were added in 2004. Only estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are shown in the 2007-2008 report. Estimates for adults aged 18 or older were produced later and are in a separate table; for more details, see Section A.11 in Appendix A of this report. Note that the adult MDE estimates shown in the 2004-2005, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007 reports are not comparable with this report's adult MDE estimates. However, the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 adult-adjusted MDE estimates available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use-and-health are comparable with this report's adult MDE estimates. Yes = available, No = not available. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002-2010. |
||||||||
| Illicit Drug Use in Past Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Marijuana Use in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Marijuana Use in Past Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| First Use of Marijuana | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in Past Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cocaine Use in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers in Past Year | No1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alcohol Use in Past Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Underage Past Month Use of Alcohol | No1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Underage Past Month Binge Alcohol Use | No1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tobacco Product Use in Past Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cigarette Use in Past Month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alcohol Dependence in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Illicit Drug Dependence in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Dependence or Abuse of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use in Past Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Serious Psychological Distress in Past Year2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Had at Least One Major Depressive Episode in Past Year3 | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Serious Mental Illness in Past Year | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Any Mental Illness in Past Year | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 8.82 | (8.56 - 9.09) | 10.12 | (9.73 - 10.51) | 21.46 | (20.89 - 22.05) | 6.46 | (6.16 - 6.76) |
| Northeast | 9.49 | (9.00 - 9.99) | 10.50 | (9.82 - 11.21) | 24.77 | (23.46 - 26.13) | 6.79 | (6.22 - 7.41) |
| Midwest | 8.10 | (7.75 - 8.46) | 9.76 | (9.23 - 10.32) | 20.34 | (19.28 - 21.44) | 5.75 | (5.33 - 6.21) |
| South | 7.86 | (7.51 - 8.23) | 9.25 | (8.74 - 9.79) | 19.33 | (18.29 - 20.40) | 5.72 | (5.28 - 6.19) |
| West | 10.48 | (9.92 - 11.07) | 11.49 | (10.67 - 12.37) | 23.24 | (21.89 - 24.65) | 8.03 | (7.36 - 8.76) |
| Alabama | 7.25 | (6.05 - 8.68) | 9.28 | (7.66 - 11.21) | 17.60 | (14.68 - 20.96) | 5.22 | (4.00 - 6.77) |
| Alaska | 14.15 | (12.04 - 16.54) | 10.59 | (8.69 - 12.84) | 27.65 | (23.88 - 31.77) | 12.00 | (9.55 - 14.98) |
| Arizona | 9.53 | (7.88 - 11.48) | 10.87 | (8.85 - 13.28) | 20.02 | (17.00 - 23.44) | 7.58 | (5.81 - 9.83) |
| Arkansas | 7.80 | (6.54 - 9.29) | 9.73 | (7.98 - 11.81) | 18.04 | (15.01 - 21.54) | 5.87 | (4.58 - 7.49) |
| California | 10.43 | (9.56 - 11.36) | 11.91 | (10.66 - 13.29) | 23.10 | (21.15 - 25.16) | 7.82 | (6.81 - 8.96) |
| Colorado | 13.48 | (11.63 - 15.57) | 12.63 | (10.52 - 15.09) | 29.88 | (26.28 - 33.75) | 10.75 | (8.69 - 13.23) |
| Connecticut | 9.52 | (8.06 - 11.23) | 10.54 | (8.63 - 12.82) | 26.07 | (22.51 - 29.97) | 6.70 | (5.17 - 8.64) |
| Delaware | 8.48 | (7.13 - 10.05) | 11.33 | (9.37 - 13.63) | 23.45 | (20.16 - 27.10) | 5.67 | (4.30 - 7.44) |
| District of Columbia | 12.28 | (10.46 - 14.37) | 13.54 | (11.19 - 16.30) | 24.01 | (20.48 - 27.95) | 9.60 | (7.55 - 12.13) |
| Florida | 8.42 | (7.62 - 9.30) | 9.77 | (8.64 - 11.04) | 20.02 | (18.21 - 21.95) | 6.52 | (5.61 - 7.57) |
| Georgia | 7.32 | (6.10 - 8.75) | 8.91 | (7.37 - 10.74) | 17.84 | (14.90 - 21.22) | 5.26 | (4.03 - 6.85) |
| Hawaii | 9.69 | (8.05 - 11.61) | 10.33 | (8.35 - 12.72) | 23.44 | (19.70 - 27.65) | 7.43 | (5.74 - 9.57) |
| Idaho | 9.56 | (8.00 - 11.38) | 10.06 | (8.30 - 12.14) | 20.56 | (17.56 - 23.93) | 7.48 | (5.77 - 9.66) |
| Illinois | 8.35 | (7.64 - 9.12) | 10.18 | (9.06 - 11.41) | 22.07 | (20.25 - 24.01) | 5.64 | (4.84 - 6.56) |
| Indiana | 8.44 | (7.12 - 9.97) | 9.66 | (7.91 - 11.74) | 20.56 | (17.56 - 23.93) | 6.18 | (4.80 - 7.92) |
| Iowa | 5.82 | (4.84 - 6.98) | 9.72 | (7.89 - 11.91) | 15.51 | (12.82 - 18.64) | 3.60 | (2.67 - 4.83) |
| Kansas | 7.07 | (5.88 - 8.47) | 9.24 | (7.60 - 11.20) | 17.43 | (14.46 - 20.86) | 4.81 | (3.65 - 6.31) |
| Kentucky | 7.01 | (5.84 - 8.39) | 8.39 | (6.82 - 10.29) | 17.91 | (15.07 - 21.16) | 5.10 | (3.91 - 6.63) |
| Louisiana | 7.52 | (6.31 - 8.95) | 7.95 | (6.44 - 9.79) | 19.87 | (16.87 - 23.26) | 5.11 | (3.91 - 6.66) |
| Maine | 11.79 | (10.08 - 13.74) | 10.79 | (8.94 - 12.96) | 31.36 | (27.69 - 35.27) | 9.11 | (7.24 - 11.41) |
| Maryland | 8.11 | (6.76 - 9.71) | 10.12 | (8.28 - 12.32) | 21.44 | (18.05 - 25.26) | 5.61 | (4.28 - 7.31) |
| Massachusetts | 12.12 | (10.52 - 13.92) | 12.42 | (10.41 - 14.75) | 31.15 | (27.50 - 35.05) | 8.71 | (7.01 - 10.77) |
| Michigan | 10.37 | (9.52 - 11.29) | 10.64 | (9.53 - 11.86) | 22.70 | (20.92 - 24.59) | 8.21 | (7.19 - 9.36) |
| Minnesota | 6.97 | (5.84 - 8.29) | 8.14 | (6.50 - 10.14) | 18.60 | (15.82 - 21.75) | 4.83 | (3.69 - 6.29) |
| Mississippi | 6.95 | (5.82 - 8.29) | 9.26 | (7.56 - 11.30) | 16.67 | (13.97 - 19.77) | 4.81 | (3.65 - 6.33) |
| Missouri | 7.70 | (6.42 - 9.21) | 8.55 | (7.03 - 10.37) | 20.12 | (17.01 - 23.63) | 5.50 | (4.20 - 7.16) |
| Montana | 10.77 | (9.22 - 12.53) | 11.66 | (9.73 - 13.91) | 25.61 | (22.29 - 29.24) | 8.08 | (6.41 - 10.14) |
| Nebraska | 7.01 | (5.88 - 8.33) | 8.27 | (6.71 - 10.15) | 17.61 | (14.79 - 20.83) | 4.80 | (3.68 - 6.24) |
| Nevada | 9.70 | (8.14 - 11.51) | 11.33 | (9.28 - 13.78) | 22.23 | (19.00 - 25.84) | 7.56 | (5.89 - 9.66) |
| New Hampshire | 12.15 | (10.37 - 14.18) | 13.17 | (10.96 - 15.76) | 31.96 | (28.33 - 35.82) | 8.89 | (6.95 - 11.31) |
| New Jersey | 7.33 | (6.12 - 8.74) | 8.83 | (7.23 - 10.74) | 20.28 | (17.10 - 23.89) | 5.14 | (3.93 - 6.69) |
| New Mexico | 10.07 | (8.51 - 11.88) | 12.36 | (10.22 - 14.87) | 22.69 | (19.52 - 26.21) | 7.47 | (5.78 - 9.59) |
| New York | 9.82 | (8.97 - 10.74) | 10.86 | (9.68 - 12.16) | 24.39 | (22.51 - 26.36) | 7.12 | (6.14 - 8.24) |
| North Carolina | 8.88 | (7.47 - 10.53) | 9.79 | (8.04 - 11.88) | 22.23 | (19.14 - 25.66) | 6.54 | (5.07 - 8.39) |
| North Dakota | 5.30 | (4.32 - 6.50) | 7.45 | (5.90 - 9.36) | 11.98 | (9.65 - 14.79) | 3.51 | (2.55 - 4.82) |
| Ohio | 7.87 | (7.16 - 8.64) | 10.33 | (9.24 - 11.54) | 20.86 | (19.17 - 22.67) | 5.44 | (4.63 - 6.38) |
| Oklahoma | 9.66 | (8.07 - 11.53) | 9.99 | (8.21 - 12.09) | 21.82 | (18.36 - 25.72) | 7.38 | (5.69 - 9.51) |
| Oregon | 12.63 | (10.84 - 14.67) | 12.86 | (10.77 - 15.30) | 28.03 | (24.43 - 31.93) | 10.13 | (8.15 - 12.53) |
| Pennsylvania | 7.99 | (7.20 - 8.86) | 9.51 | (8.40 - 10.74) | 21.70 | (19.75 - 23.79) | 5.55 | (4.70 - 6.56) |
| Rhode Island | 13.21 | (11.34 - 15.34) | 12.85 | (10.70 - 15.36) | 32.35 | (28.31 - 36.68) | 9.64 | (7.64 - 12.10) |
| South Carolina | 8.88 | (7.41 - 10.61) | 8.70 | (7.11 - 10.61) | 21.11 | (18.03 - 24.56) | 6.87 | (5.29 - 8.89) |
| South Dakota | 6.07 | (4.93 - 7.45) | 8.62 | (6.91 - 10.72) | 15.03 | (12.19 - 18.39) | 4.12 | (3.01 - 5.60) |
| Tennessee | 7.07 | (5.87 - 8.50) | 8.31 | (6.86 - 10.02) | 17.60 | (14.75 - 20.87) | 5.27 | (4.03 - 6.85) |
| Texas | 7.32 | (6.65 - 8.05) | 9.09 | (8.02 - 10.28) | 17.98 | (16.31 - 19.79) | 5.03 | (4.28 - 5.92) |
| Utah | 5.60 | (4.59 - 6.82) | 6.89 | (5.47 - 8.64) | 12.14 | (9.73 - 15.04) | 3.80 | (2.80 - 5.12) |
| Vermont | 13.73 | (11.87 - 15.83) | 12.80 | (10.69 - 15.24) | 35.09 | (31.28 - 39.09) | 10.15 | (8.09 - 12.66) |
| Virginia | 7.53 | (6.38 - 8.87) | 9.13 | (7.42 - 11.18) | 19.68 | (16.77 - 22.96) | 5.22 | (4.06 - 6.68) |
| Washington | 10.82 | (9.30 - 12.55) | 10.81 | (8.99 - 12.94) | 26.07 | (22.65 - 29.81) | 8.32 | (6.70 - 10.30) |
| West Virginia | 8.40 | (7.03 - 10.00) | 9.36 | (7.68 - 11.37) | 22.12 | (18.89 - 25.73) | 6.22 | (4.79 - 8.04) |
| Wisconsin | 7.77 | (6.52 - 9.24) | 10.04 | (8.31 - 12.08) | 19.95 | (16.82 - 23.49) | 5.37 | (4.13 - 6.97) |
| Wyoming | 7.07 | (5.93 - 8.41) | 10.46 | (8.60 - 12.67) | 18.14 | (15.33 - 21.34) | 4.63 | (3.47 - 6.16) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 11.47 | (11.17 - 11.79) | 13.84 | (13.38 - 14.32) | 30.39 | (29.70 - 31.09) | 7.88 | (7.54 - 8.24) |
| Northeast | 12.87 | (12.31 - 13.45) | 14.77 | (13.94 - 15.64) | 35.60 | (34.25 - 36.97) | 8.81 | (8.16 - 9.51) |
| Midwest | 10.79 | (10.40 - 11.19) | 13.04 | (12.44 - 13.66) | 29.66 | (28.59 - 30.76) | 7.21 | (6.75 - 7.70) |
| South | 9.94 | (9.54 - 10.35) | 12.60 | (12.00 - 13.23) | 26.58 | (25.52 - 27.67) | 6.75 | (6.28 - 7.26) |
| West | 13.44 | (12.83 - 14.06) | 15.81 | (14.87 - 16.79) | 32.87 | (31.47 - 34.30) | 9.59 | (8.86 - 10.37) |
| Alabama | 9.01 | (7.67 - 10.57) | 10.80 | (8.97 - 12.94) | 22.93 | (19.76 - 26.44) | 6.40 | (5.00 - 8.15) |
| Alaska | 17.51 | (15.28 - 19.99) | 16.11 | (13.51 - 19.09) | 36.77 | (32.81 - 40.92) | 13.92 | (11.36 - 16.96) |
| Arizona | 11.26 | (9.54 - 13.25) | 15.01 | (12.64 - 17.73) | 27.76 | (24.19 - 31.65) | 7.98 | (6.17 - 10.27) |
| Arkansas | 9.38 | (7.96 - 11.04) | 11.89 | (9.86 - 14.27) | 23.77 | (20.61 - 27.24) | 6.69 | (5.19 - 8.58) |
| California | 13.74 | (12.77 - 14.76) | 15.88 | (14.42 - 17.46) | 32.87 | (30.79 - 35.02) | 9.81 | (8.65 - 11.10) |
| Colorado | 16.93 | (14.82 - 19.27) | 19.05 | (16.20 - 22.27) | 40.92 | (37.07 - 44.89) | 12.54 | (10.20 - 15.32) |
| Connecticut | 13.79 | (12.01 - 15.78) | 16.77 | (14.21 - 19.68) | 39.03 | (34.90 - 43.32) | 9.31 | (7.42 - 11.63) |
| Delaware | 12.42 | (10.79 - 14.26) | 16.71 | (14.18 - 19.58) | 35.65 | (31.95 - 39.54) | 8.09 | (6.37 - 10.23) |
| District of Columbia | 16.14 | (14.07 - 18.45) | 16.66 | (14.02 - 19.69) | 34.39 | (30.59 - 38.41) | 12.08 | (9.80 - 14.81) |
| Florida | 10.76 | (9.88 - 11.70) | 14.10 | (12.81 - 15.51) | 28.67 | (26.66 - 30.77) | 7.70 | (6.71 - 8.82) |
| Georgia | 10.44 | (8.89 - 12.22) | 13.25 | (11.12 - 15.72) | 26.24 | (22.88 - 29.91) | 7.29 | (5.67 - 9.34) |
| Hawaii | 11.62 | (9.89 - 13.59) | 13.86 | (11.41 - 16.73) | 31.46 | (27.40 - 35.83) | 8.22 | (6.46 - 10.42) |
| Idaho | 12.30 | (10.65 - 14.17) | 13.96 | (11.79 - 16.46) | 29.75 | (26.25 - 33.50) | 8.89 | (7.10 - 11.07) |
| Illinois | 11.27 | (10.44 - 12.15) | 13.40 | (12.15 - 14.77) | 31.15 | (29.18 - 33.20) | 7.40 | (6.47 - 8.46) |
| Indiana | 10.18 | (8.77 - 11.79) | 12.38 | (10.44 - 14.62) | 28.29 | (24.88 - 31.96) | 6.76 | (5.32 - 8.56) |
| Iowa | 8.86 | (7.52 - 10.42) | 13.13 | (10.95 - 15.67) | 24.46 | (21.15 - 28.10) | 5.53 | (4.19 - 7.25) |
| Kansas | 9.71 | (8.35 - 11.26) | 12.59 | (10.51 - 15.00) | 26.91 | (23.43 - 30.70) | 6.04 | (4.68 - 7.77) |
| Kentucky | 8.10 | (6.87 - 9.52) | 11.19 | (9.22 - 13.52) | 22.88 | (19.64 - 26.48) | 5.37 | (4.14 - 6.95) |
| Louisiana | 8.73 | (7.44 - 10.21) | 10.55 | (8.71 - 12.74) | 24.09 | (20.97 - 27.52) | 5.55 | (4.22 - 7.27) |
| Maine | 14.68 | (12.86 - 16.72) | 15.28 | (12.88 - 18.04) | 41.89 | (38.04 - 45.84) | 10.76 | (8.76 - 13.15) |
| Maryland | 10.09 | (8.58 - 11.82) | 13.72 | (11.42 - 16.40) | 30.94 | (26.99 - 35.18) | 6.12 | (4.62 - 8.06) |
| Massachusetts | 16.73 | (14.88 - 18.76) | 17.38 | (14.82 - 20.27) | 44.29 | (40.32 - 48.35) | 11.77 | (9.75 - 14.15) |
| Michigan | 13.05 | (12.10 - 14.06) | 14.30 | (13.02 - 15.67) | 32.59 | (30.60 - 34.64) | 9.53 | (8.42 - 10.77) |
| Minnesota | 10.61 | (9.21 - 12.19) | 11.90 | (9.97 - 14.15) | 30.02 | (26.67 - 33.61) | 7.11 | (5.63 - 8.94) |
| Mississippi | 8.50 | (7.23 - 9.96) | 10.65 | (8.76 - 12.89) | 21.70 | (18.79 - 24.92) | 5.73 | (4.41 - 7.42) |
| Missouri | 10.23 | (8.73 - 11.95) | 12.15 | (10.11 - 14.53) | 27.60 | (24.20 - 31.28) | 7.06 | (5.51 - 9.00) |
| Montana | 14.61 | (12.81 - 16.62) | 16.83 | (14.35 - 19.63) | 37.60 | (33.76 - 41.60) | 10.35 | (8.38 - 12.72) |
| Nebraska | 9.55 | (8.23 - 11.06) | 10.81 | (8.90 - 13.07) | 26.28 | (22.92 - 29.93) | 6.16 | (4.81 - 7.85) |
| Nevada | 11.25 | (9.58 - 13.16) | 15.02 | (12.50 - 17.95) | 28.03 | (24.57 - 31.78) | 8.19 | (6.41 - 10.41) |
| New Hampshire | 15.26 | (13.38 - 17.35) | 18.45 | (15.68 - 21.58) | 41.74 | (37.94 - 45.64) | 10.70 | (8.62 - 13.21) |
| New Jersey | 10.62 | (9.12 - 12.34) | 13.61 | (11.42 - 16.14) | 31.78 | (27.98 - 35.84) | 7.00 | (5.46 - 8.92) |
| New Mexico | 12.50 | (10.87 - 14.33) | 18.12 | (15.54 - 21.03) | 31.97 | (28.40 - 35.77) | 8.21 | (6.44 - 10.41) |
| New York | 13.00 | (12.04 - 14.03) | 14.32 | (12.94 - 15.82) | 34.56 | (32.48 - 36.70) | 9.03 | (7.93 - 10.27) |
| North Carolina | 10.67 | (9.23 - 12.30) | 12.38 | (10.38 - 14.71) | 30.26 | (26.82 - 33.94) | 7.19 | (5.68 - 9.07) |
| North Dakota | 8.35 | (7.15 - 9.74) | 9.84 | (8.09 - 11.93) | 22.55 | (19.56 - 25.85) | 4.89 | (3.71 - 6.41) |
| Ohio | 10.37 | (9.60 - 11.19) | 13.13 | (11.90 - 14.47) | 30.67 | (28.83 - 32.58) | 6.71 | (5.83 - 7.70) |
| Oklahoma | 11.09 | (9.41 - 13.04) | 13.92 | (11.63 - 16.58) | 27.95 | (24.16 - 32.08) | 7.62 | (5.92 - 9.76) |
| Oregon | 15.79 | (13.82 - 17.99) | 19.53 | (16.96 - 22.39) | 38.90 | (34.92 - 43.03) | 11.66 | (9.51 - 14.23) |
| Pennsylvania | 10.97 | (10.09 - 11.92) | 13.62 | (12.27 - 15.09) | 31.43 | (29.35 - 33.60) | 7.29 | (6.31 - 8.41) |
| Rhode Island | 16.10 | (14.08 - 18.35) | 17.03 | (14.45 - 19.97) | 42.69 | (38.49 - 47.00) | 10.98 | (8.81 - 13.59) |
| South Carolina | 10.52 | (8.95 - 12.32) | 12.07 | (10.13 - 14.33) | 28.75 | (25.17 - 32.61) | 7.31 | (5.68 - 9.36) |
| South Dakota | 8.79 | (7.49 - 10.29) | 11.22 | (9.15 - 13.68) | 25.66 | (22.17 - 29.50) | 5.40 | (4.15 - 7.01) |
| Tennessee | 9.49 | (8.08 - 11.13) | 11.08 | (9.30 - 13.16) | 25.96 | (22.58 - 29.65) | 6.71 | (5.24 - 8.56) |
| Texas | 9.19 | (8.42 - 10.01) | 12.38 | (11.14 - 13.74) | 23.83 | (22.01 - 25.75) | 5.93 | (5.07 - 6.93) |
| Utah | 6.94 | (5.87 - 8.19) | 9.27 | (7.48 - 11.43) | 18.52 | (15.55 - 21.91) | 3.70 | (2.69 - 5.07) |
| Vermont | 16.99 | (15.06 - 19.11) | 17.88 | (15.29 - 20.80) | 46.35 | (42.30 - 50.44) | 11.83 | (9.66 - 14.41) |
| Virginia | 10.35 | (8.93 - 11.97) | 13.10 | (11.04 - 15.48) | 29.32 | (25.88 - 33.02) | 6.71 | (5.25 - 8.54) |
| Washington | 13.98 | (12.22 - 15.95) | 15.32 | (12.99 - 17.99) | 38.50 | (34.66 - 42.48) | 9.81 | (7.92 - 12.09) |
| West Virginia | 10.28 | (8.79 - 11.99) | 12.36 | (10.29 - 14.77) | 27.49 | (24.03 - 31.23) | 7.47 | (5.91 - 9.39) |
| Wisconsin | 10.50 | (9.05 - 12.15) | 13.94 | (11.78 - 16.41) | 29.61 | (26.09 - 33.39) | 6.75 | (5.29 - 8.58) |
| Wyoming | 9.27 | (7.93 - 10.82) | 13.83 | (11.52 - 16.52) | 25.60 | (22.34 - 29.17) | 5.72 | (4.37 - 7.47) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 6.77 | (6.55 - 7.00) | 7.38 | (7.05 - 7.73) | 18.39 | (17.84 - 18.95) | 4.68 | (4.43 - 4.94) |
| Northeast | 7.55 | (7.13 - 7.99) | 8.43 | (7.81 - 9.08) | 21.98 | (20.73 - 23.28) | 5.01 | (4.54 - 5.53) |
| Midwest | 6.34 | (6.03 - 6.66) | 7.13 | (6.69 - 7.60) | 17.55 | (16.53 - 18.61) | 4.28 | (3.94 - 4.66) |
| South | 5.73 | (5.44 - 6.04) | 6.44 | (6.00 - 6.91) | 16.18 | (15.19 - 17.21) | 3.85 | (3.52 - 4.22) |
| West | 8.21 | (7.72 - 8.73) | 8.32 | (7.65 - 9.04) | 19.80 | (18.53 - 21.13) | 6.09 | (5.52 - 6.72) |
| Alabama | 4.94 | (3.99 - 6.10) | 5.75 | (4.50 - 7.31) | 13.90 | (11.28 - 17.02) | 3.30 | (2.41 - 4.48) |
| Alaska | 11.84 | (9.89 - 14.12) | 8.64 | (6.79 - 10.93) | 24.46 | (21.06 - 28.21) | 9.82 | (7.62 - 12.57) |
| Arizona | 6.52 | (5.25 - 8.06) | 7.58 | (5.95 - 9.61) | 15.95 | (13.19 - 19.16) | 4.78 | (3.49 - 6.52) |
| Arkansas | 5.47 | (4.43 - 6.73) | 6.38 | (4.92 - 8.25) | 13.88 | (11.39 - 16.80) | 3.96 | (2.94 - 5.32) |
| California | 8.23 | (7.46 - 9.07) | 8.60 | (7.55 - 9.77) | 19.94 | (18.14 - 21.88) | 5.96 | (5.09 - 6.97) |
| Colorado | 11.29 | (9.55 - 13.30) | 9.91 | (7.91 - 12.34) | 26.35 | (22.93 - 30.07) | 8.86 | (6.96 - 11.20) |
| Connecticut | 7.69 | (6.37 - 9.24) | 8.86 | (7.12 - 10.98) | 23.56 | (20.22 - 27.26) | 4.96 | (3.65 - 6.71) |
| Delaware | 6.98 | (5.75 - 8.44) | 8.49 | (6.76 - 10.63) | 21.05 | (17.92 - 24.57) | 4.48 | (3.29 - 6.07) |
| District of Columbia | 10.04 | (8.47 - 11.86) | 9.31 | (7.34 - 11.74) | 21.14 | (17.77 - 24.94) | 7.67 | (5.93 - 9.86) |
| Florida | 6.10 | (5.45 - 6.82) | 6.92 | (6.01 - 7.95) | 17.22 | (15.53 - 19.06) | 4.33 | (3.63 - 5.17) |
| Georgia | 5.50 | (4.46 - 6.76) | 6.42 | (5.05 - 8.13) | 14.91 | (12.34 - 17.90) | 3.73 | (2.72 - 5.09) |
| Hawaii | 7.88 | (6.37 - 9.70) | 7.90 | (6.16 - 10.07) | 19.89 | (16.45 - 23.86) | 5.97 | (4.44 - 7.97) |
| Idaho | 7.29 | (5.96 - 8.87) | 7.63 | (6.10 - 9.50) | 16.49 | (13.85 - 19.51) | 5.56 | (4.16 - 7.39) |
| Illinois | 6.50 | (5.91 - 7.14) | 7.53 | (6.57 - 8.61) | 18.79 | (17.14 - 20.56) | 4.15 | (3.51 - 4.90) |
| Indiana | 6.10 | (5.05 - 7.34) | 6.68 | (5.31 - 8.38) | 17.50 | (14.65 - 20.76) | 4.05 | (3.04 - 5.37) |
| Iowa | 4.92 | (3.99 - 6.05) | 6.94 | (5.46 - 8.79) | 14.27 | (11.71 - 17.29) | 2.99 | (2.16 - 4.13) |
| Kansas | 5.33 | (4.33 - 6.54) | 6.42 | (5.02 - 8.18) | 14.07 | (11.53 - 17.07) | 3.52 | (2.58 - 4.78) |
| Kentucky | 4.58 | (3.70 - 5.65) | 5.44 | (4.17 - 7.07) | 14.26 | (11.73 - 17.22) | 2.93 | (2.12 - 4.03) |
| Louisiana | 5.19 | (4.24 - 6.35) | 5.28 | (4.08 - 6.80) | 15.76 | (13.20 - 18.72) | 3.17 | (2.28 - 4.39) |
| Maine | 9.77 | (8.17 - 11.65) | 8.94 | (7.22 - 11.01) | 27.34 | (23.84 - 31.14) | 7.36 | (5.65 - 9.54) |
| Maryland | 6.11 | (4.98 - 7.48) | 7.07 | (5.51 - 9.04) | 19.01 | (15.85 - 22.62) | 3.81 | (2.77 - 5.23) |
| Massachusetts | 10.11 | (8.70 - 11.71) | 10.27 | (8.42 - 12.47) | 27.98 | (24.57 - 31.66) | 6.92 | (5.49 - 8.70) |
| Michigan | 8.43 | (7.64 - 9.29) | 8.09 | (7.11 - 9.19) | 20.06 | (18.35 - 21.88) | 6.47 | (5.56 - 7.52) |
| Minnesota | 5.93 | (4.87 - 7.20) | 6.09 | (4.77 - 7.75) | 16.76 | (14.08 - 19.82) | 4.05 | (3.01 - 5.42) |
| Mississippi | 4.69 | (3.78 - 5.82) | 5.22 | (4.04 - 6.73) | 12.57 | (10.25 - 15.33) | 3.15 | (2.27 - 4.34) |
| Missouri | 6.13 | (5.00 - 7.50) | 6.42 | (5.05 - 8.13) | 17.44 | (14.63 - 20.66) | 4.18 | (3.09 - 5.64) |
| Montana | 9.24 | (7.80 - 10.90) | 9.61 | (7.80 - 11.78) | 22.71 | (19.67 - 26.07) | 6.84 | (5.31 - 8.79) |
| Nebraska | 5.88 | (4.83 - 7.13) | 6.30 | (4.92 - 8.03) | 15.44 | (12.81 - 18.51) | 3.98 | (2.97 - 5.32) |
| Nevada | 7.01 | (5.75 - 8.54) | 7.61 | (6.00 - 9.61) | 18.16 | (15.38 - 21.32) | 5.22 | (3.92 - 6.93) |
| New Hampshire | 9.96 | (8.38 - 11.81) | 11.51 | (9.35 - 14.10) | 28.29 | (24.97 - 31.87) | 6.88 | (5.21 - 9.05) |
| New Jersey | 5.66 | (4.67 - 6.86) | 7.21 | (5.71 - 9.06) | 17.95 | (14.99 - 21.36) | 3.58 | (2.66 - 4.79) |
| New Mexico | 7.73 | (6.40 - 9.29) | 9.34 | (7.50 - 11.57) | 19.25 | (16.34 - 22.53) | 5.41 | (4.05 - 7.20) |
| New York | 7.75 | (7.02 - 8.54) | 8.58 | (7.55 - 9.73) | 21.46 | (19.64 - 23.41) | 5.22 | (4.42 - 6.16) |
| North Carolina | 7.07 | (5.84 - 8.53) | 7.10 | (5.69 - 8.83) | 19.72 | (16.84 - 22.96) | 4.96 | (3.72 - 6.57) |
| North Dakota | 4.10 | (3.30 - 5.08) | 4.40 | (3.29 - 5.86) | 9.98 | (7.94 - 12.48) | 2.71 | (1.95 - 3.76) |
| Ohio | 6.03 | (5.45 - 6.66) | 7.61 | (6.70 - 8.64) | 18.34 | (16.74 - 20.05) | 3.81 | (3.19 - 4.55) |
| Oklahoma | 6.90 | (5.57 - 8.52) | 7.17 | (5.62 - 9.10) | 17.36 | (14.31 - 20.91) | 4.94 | (3.62 - 6.70) |
| Oregon | 10.21 | (8.58 - 12.11) | 9.46 | (7.71 - 11.56) | 23.88 | (20.68 - 27.41) | 8.11 | (6.33 - 10.33) |
| Pennsylvania | 6.17 | (5.53 - 6.88) | 7.40 | (6.41 - 8.54) | 19.18 | (17.35 - 21.16) | 3.88 | (3.22 - 4.67) |
| Rhode Island | 10.80 | (9.16 - 12.69) | 9.63 | (7.74 - 11.92) | 29.83 | (26.08 - 33.88) | 7.34 | (5.68 - 9.45) |
| South Carolina | 5.99 | (4.89 - 7.32) | 5.74 | (4.44 - 7.39) | 17.59 | (14.65 - 20.99) | 4.10 | (3.03 - 5.52) |
| South Dakota | 4.92 | (3.93 - 6.15) | 5.51 | (4.24 - 7.13) | 13.31 | (10.73 - 16.39) | 3.32 | (2.38 - 4.61) |
| Tennessee | 4.67 | (3.78 - 5.75) | 5.34 | (4.19 - 6.77) | 14.17 | (11.64 - 17.15) | 3.09 | (2.26 - 4.22) |
| Texas | 5.40 | (4.84 - 6.02) | 6.49 | (5.62 - 7.49) | 14.74 | (13.17 - 16.46) | 3.46 | (2.87 - 4.18) |
| Utah | 3.11 | (2.43 - 3.98) | 3.68 | (2.64 - 5.10) | 7.74 | (5.86 - 10.16) | 1.90 | (1.30 - 2.77) |
| Vermont | 11.57 | (9.89 - 13.50) | 10.65 | (8.62 - 13.08) | 32.01 | (28.39 - 35.86) | 8.15 | (6.37 - 10.38) |
| Virginia | 5.85 | (4.84 - 7.07) | 6.74 | (5.40 - 8.39) | 17.40 | (14.68 - 20.50) | 3.73 | (2.78 - 5.01) |
| Washington | 8.86 | (7.46 - 10.50) | 8.01 | (6.47 - 9.87) | 22.74 | (19.54 - 26.29) | 6.69 | (5.24 - 8.52) |
| West Virginia | 5.99 | (4.90 - 7.32) | 6.14 | (4.78 - 7.85) | 18.89 | (15.95 - 22.22) | 4.03 | (2.97 - 5.46) |
| Wisconsin | 5.67 | (4.63 - 6.94) | 6.87 | (5.47 - 8.60) | 15.81 | (13.14 - 18.90) | 3.76 | (2.76 - 5.10) |
| Wyoming | 5.37 | (4.38 - 6.57) | 7.07 | (5.56 - 8.97) | 15.26 | (12.71 - 18.22) | 3.35 | (2.40 - 4.67) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 33.57 | (33.03 - 34.11) | 29.93 | (29.35 - 30.52) | 19.24 | (18.69 - 19.79) | 36.52 | (35.84 - 37.21) |
| Northeast | 31.35 | (30.34 - 32.38) | 26.17 | (25.05 - 27.33) | 16.00 | (15.03 - 17.01) | 34.55 | (33.29 - 35.84) |
| Midwest | 31.95 | (31.15 - 32.76) | 31.09 | (30.20 - 32.00) | 17.48 | (16.68 - 18.31) | 34.59 | (33.60 - 35.59) |
| South | 37.98 | (37.15 - 38.82) | 32.77 | (31.85 - 33.70) | 22.15 | (21.27 - 23.06) | 41.35 | (40.31 - 42.40) |
| West | 29.89 | (28.86 - 30.94) | 27.27 | (26.12 - 28.45) | 18.88 | (17.75 - 20.07) | 32.24 | (30.93 - 33.57) |
| Alabama | 41.00 | (37.78 - 44.29) | 40.12 | (36.41 - 43.95) | 28.46 | (24.96 - 32.23) | 43.26 | (39.28 - 47.33) |
| Alaska | 24.37 | (21.41 - 27.59) | 25.56 | (21.86 - 29.65) | 14.70 | (12.14 - 17.69) | 26.10 | (22.41 - 30.16) |
| Arizona | 31.99 | (28.72 - 35.45) | 27.03 | (23.34 - 31.08) | 21.41 | (18.45 - 24.70) | 34.42 | (30.34 - 38.74) |
| Arkansas | 37.94 | (34.65 - 41.35) | 34.01 | (30.27 - 37.96) | 21.21 | (18.28 - 24.48) | 41.20 | (37.16 - 45.35) |
| California | 31.22 | (29.63 - 32.87) | 26.14 | (24.35 - 28.02) | 20.22 | (18.55 - 22.00) | 34.01 | (31.97 - 36.11) |
| Colorado | 22.32 | (19.64 - 25.25) | 23.10 | (19.90 - 26.65) | 13.21 | (11.00 - 15.78) | 23.80 | (20.54 - 27.39) |
| Connecticut | 31.35 | (28.16 - 34.72) | 23.45 | (20.12 - 27.15) | 15.41 | (12.95 - 18.25) | 34.91 | (30.97 - 39.08) |
| Delaware | 30.69 | (27.53 - 34.04) | 28.07 | (24.65 - 31.75) | 15.46 | (13.21 - 18.01) | 33.51 | (29.66 - 37.59) |
| District of Columbia | 26.77 | (23.90 - 29.85) | 24.44 | (20.79 - 28.49) | 15.44 | (12.97 - 18.28) | 29.47 | (25.95 - 33.25) |
| Florida | 40.76 | (39.01 - 42.53) | 31.86 | (29.89 - 33.90) | 21.77 | (20.10 - 23.55) | 44.57 | (42.42 - 46.74) |
| Georgia | 35.37 | (32.28 - 38.59) | 30.20 | (26.79 - 33.85) | 21.30 | (18.48 - 24.41) | 38.54 | (34.71 - 42.51) |
| Hawaii | 31.75 | (28.62 - 35.06) | 26.38 | (22.82 - 30.28) | 18.90 | (16.00 - 22.18) | 34.38 | (30.61 - 38.35) |
| Idaho | 33.15 | (30.21 - 36.23) | 32.33 | (28.84 - 36.04) | 20.91 | (18.13 - 23.98) | 35.50 | (31.81 - 39.38) |
| Illinois | 32.81 | (31.22 - 34.44) | 29.72 | (27.79 - 31.73) | 18.69 | (17.15 - 20.33) | 35.76 | (33.75 - 37.82) |
| Indiana | 33.20 | (30.33 - 36.21) | 34.29 | (30.80 - 37.96) | 17.84 | (15.35 - 20.64) | 35.72 | (32.16 - 39.44) |
| Iowa | 33.24 | (30.11 - 36.52) | 33.37 | (29.87 - 37.06) | 17.70 | (15.22 - 20.48) | 36.03 | (32.14 - 40.11) |
| Kansas | 34.85 | (31.67 - 38.18) | 31.61 | (28.05 - 35.40) | 17.94 | (15.27 - 20.96) | 38.51 | (34.54 - 42.64) |
| Kentucky | 38.14 | (35.00 - 41.39) | 39.48 | (35.54 - 43.57) | 24.10 | (21.05 - 27.43) | 40.22 | (36.41 - 44.14) |
| Louisiana | 40.54 | (37.35 - 43.82) | 35.14 | (31.62 - 38.83) | 24.59 | (21.66 - 27.77) | 44.31 | (40.31 - 48.38) |
| Maine | 25.13 | (22.28 - 28.22) | 26.52 | (23.34 - 29.97) | 12.79 | (10.64 - 15.29) | 26.74 | (23.34 - 30.43) |
| Maryland | 33.01 | (29.52 - 36.70) | 26.54 | (22.95 - 30.47) | 16.80 | (14.11 - 19.88) | 36.55 | (32.23 - 41.09) |
| Massachusetts | 24.96 | (22.15 - 28.01) | 20.44 | (17.49 - 23.76) | 11.03 | (9.03 - 13.41) | 27.95 | (24.47 - 31.72) |
| Michigan | 29.36 | (27.80 - 30.98) | 28.40 | (26.64 - 30.23) | 16.21 | (14.78 - 17.74) | 31.75 | (29.77 - 33.80) |
| Minnesota | 27.72 | (24.84 - 30.80) | 28.73 | (25.40 - 32.31) | 15.82 | (13.52 - 18.43) | 29.65 | (26.11 - 33.44) |
| Mississippi | 45.18 | (41.96 - 48.45) | 41.61 | (37.57 - 45.77) | 27.86 | (24.56 - 31.41) | 48.92 | (44.87 - 52.99) |
| Missouri | 34.16 | (31.14 - 37.31) | 31.67 | (28.33 - 35.21) | 19.19 | (16.57 - 22.11) | 36.99 | (33.24 - 40.91) |
| Montana | 27.58 | (24.77 - 30.58) | 26.18 | (23.03 - 29.60) | 13.20 | (11.05 - 15.70) | 30.24 | (26.78 - 33.95) |
| Nebraska | 34.47 | (31.32 - 37.76) | 36.34 | (32.54 - 40.32) | 17.72 | (15.22 - 20.53) | 37.46 | (33.52 - 41.58) |
| Nevada | 31.64 | (28.54 - 34.93) | 29.66 | (25.78 - 33.86) | 19.31 | (16.57 - 22.37) | 33.79 | (29.99 - 37.82) |
| New Hampshire | 24.05 | (21.25 - 27.09) | 22.33 | (19.22 - 25.77) | 10.99 | (9.08 - 13.24) | 26.32 | (22.88 - 30.07) |
| New Jersey | 34.07 | (30.89 - 37.39) | 26.87 | (23.65 - 30.36) | 17.03 | (14.39 - 20.03) | 37.57 | (33.71 - 41.59) |
| New Mexico | 36.17 | (32.88 - 39.59) | 26.49 | (23.14 - 30.14) | 19.16 | (16.40 - 22.25) | 40.53 | (36.42 - 44.79) |
| New York | 32.77 | (31.10 - 34.49) | 26.59 | (24.69 - 28.58) | 17.92 | (16.33 - 19.62) | 36.14 | (34.04 - 38.29) |
| North Carolina | 33.32 | (30.25 - 36.53) | 27.56 | (24.23 - 31.15) | 19.21 | (16.56 - 22.19) | 36.37 | (32.58 - 40.33) |
| North Dakota | 35.80 | (32.83 - 38.87) | 35.51 | (31.77 - 39.43) | 20.10 | (17.50 - 22.98) | 39.48 | (35.69 - 43.40) |
| Ohio | 32.47 | (30.78 - 34.20) | 31.33 | (29.47 - 33.26) | 17.18 | (15.79 - 18.66) | 35.11 | (32.99 - 37.29) |
| Oklahoma | 36.43 | (33.25 - 39.74) | 33.30 | (29.59 - 37.24) | 20.60 | (17.76 - 23.75) | 39.76 | (35.78 - 43.88) |
| Oregon | 22.71 | (20.01 - 25.66) | 24.28 | (21.19 - 27.66) | 11.75 | (9.67 - 14.21) | 24.29 | (21.03 - 27.87) |
| Pennsylvania | 32.93 | (31.17 - 34.75) | 29.41 | (27.43 - 31.47) | 16.62 | (15.08 - 18.28) | 36.03 | (33.83 - 38.29) |
| Rhode Island | 26.90 | (23.84 - 30.20) | 24.53 | (21.15 - 28.26) | 12.09 | (9.90 - 14.68) | 29.97 | (26.15 - 34.10) |
| South Carolina | 38.58 | (35.20 - 42.08) | 30.94 | (27.58 - 34.52) | 20.86 | (18.03 - 24.02) | 42.44 | (38.27 - 46.71) |
| South Dakota | 35.85 | (32.62 - 39.21) | 34.30 | (30.45 - 38.37) | 18.54 | (15.80 - 21.64) | 39.21 | (35.21 - 43.35) |
| Tennessee | 37.04 | (33.57 - 40.64) | 31.96 | (28.61 - 35.51) | 18.65 | (15.93 - 21.72) | 40.53 | (36.26 - 44.95) |
| Texas | 40.40 | (38.66 - 42.16) | 35.65 | (33.58 - 37.76) | 25.32 | (23.61 - 27.12) | 43.96 | (41.71 - 46.24) |
| Utah | 37.59 | (34.69 - 40.58) | 44.80 | (40.81 - 48.85) | 25.32 | (22.15 - 28.77) | 39.42 | (35.63 - 43.35) |
| Vermont | 22.73 | (19.93 - 25.80) | 23.35 | (20.16 - 26.88) | 10.51 | (8.60 - 12.79) | 24.77 | (21.32 - 28.59) |
| Virginia | 32.65 | (29.53 - 35.94) | 26.95 | (23.68 - 30.49) | 18.40 | (15.76 - 21.36) | 35.82 | (31.96 - 39.89) |
| Washington | 24.31 | (21.50 - 27.37) | 28.04 | (24.73 - 31.60) | 13.77 | (11.57 - 16.31) | 25.59 | (22.18 - 29.34) |
| West Virginia | 39.95 | (36.69 - 43.31) | 35.75 | (32.14 - 39.53) | 21.16 | (18.41 - 24.18) | 43.22 | (39.23 - 47.31) |
| Wisconsin | 29.91 | (27.00 - 33.00) | 32.53 | (29.15 - 36.10) | 15.91 | (13.52 - 18.64) | 32.04 | (28.45 - 35.85) |
| Wyoming | 33.76 | (30.68 - 36.99) | 36.98 | (33.04 - 41.10) | 20.06 | (17.23 - 23.23) | 35.88 | (32.02 - 39.94) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Average annual marijuana initiation rate = 100 × {[X1 ÷ (0.5 × X1 + X2)] ÷ 2}, where X1 is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X2 is the number of persons who never used marijuana. Both of the computation components, X1 and X2, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. NOTE: The State and census region Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals presented above use a simultaneous solution for the First Use of Marijuana and Never Used Marijuana outcomes, which had age group-specific random effects that were allowed to be correlated across the two outcomes. The associated Markov Chain Monte Carlo chains were used to calculate the posterior variance. For the "Total U.S." row, design based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 1.82 | (1.76 - 1.89) | 5.93 | (5.69 - 6.17) | 7.29 | (6.94 - 7.66) | 0.16 | (0.12 - 0.20) |
| Northeast | 1.94 | (1.84 - 2.06) | 6.24 | (5.87 - 6.63) | 8.43 | (7.82 - 9.09) | 0.15 | (0.11 - 0.21) |
| Midwest | 1.83 | (1.75 - 1.92) | 5.71 | (5.44 - 6.00) | 7.46 | (7.03 - 7.91) | 0.14 | (0.10 - 0.19) |
| South | 1.62 | (1.54 - 1.70) | 5.34 | (5.08 - 5.62) | 6.58 | (6.19 - 7.00) | 0.14 | (0.10 - 0.20) |
| West | 2.07 | (1.95 - 2.20) | 6.82 | (6.39 - 7.28) | 7.49 | (6.90 - 8.13) | 0.20 | (0.14 - 0.28) |
| Alabama | 1.42 | (1.22 - 1.66) | 4.54 | (3.76 - 5.47) | 5.74 | (4.64 - 7.08) | 0.13 | (0.09 - 0.20) |
| Alaska | 2.57 | (2.20 - 3.01) | 6.87 | (5.73 - 8.21) | 8.16 | (6.47 - 10.24) | 0.24 | (0.15 - 0.38) |
| Arizona | 1.79 | (1.54 - 2.08) | 6.33 | (5.24 - 7.62) | 6.35 | (5.16 - 7.81) | 0.17 | (0.11 - 0.27) |
| Arkansas | 1.49 | (1.29 - 1.73) | 5.00 | (4.11 - 6.08) | 6.25 | (5.05 - 7.71) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.21) |
| California | 2.09 | (1.92 - 2.28) | 6.88 | (6.24 - 7.58) | 7.40 | (6.53 - 8.39) | 0.20 | (0.13 - 0.31) |
| Colorado | 2.78 | (2.39 - 3.22) | 9.31 | (7.83 - 11.03) | 9.61 | (7.77 - 11.83) | 0.21 | (0.13 - 0.34) |
| Connecticut | 2.27 | (1.96 - 2.64) | 7.23 | (6.06 - 8.60) | 10.51 | (8.60 - 12.78) | 0.15 | (0.09 - 0.24) |
| Delaware | 2.19 | (1.90 - 2.52) | 7.25 | (6.10 - 8.58) | 9.24 | (7.64 - 11.14) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.22) |
| District of Columbia | 2.44 | (2.11 - 2.82) | 7.53 | (6.27 - 9.02) | 9.44 | (7.75 - 11.46) | 0.20 | (0.13 - 0.32) |
| Florida | 1.46 | (1.33 - 1.60) | 5.69 | (5.11 - 6.33) | 6.40 | (5.64 - 7.26) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.21) |
| Georgia | 1.88 | (1.64 - 2.17) | 6.09 | (5.10 - 7.26) | 6.58 | (5.41 - 7.98) | 0.15 | (0.10 - 0.23) |
| Hawaii | 1.87 | (1.58 - 2.23) | 6.85 | (5.54 - 8.43) | 8.24 | (6.49 - 10.40) | 0.21 | (0.10 - 0.43) |
| Idaho | 1.97 | (1.72 - 2.26) | 5.71 | (4.77 - 6.83) | 7.52 | (6.18 - 9.12) | 0.16 | (0.11 - 0.25) |
| Illinois | 1.84 | (1.68 - 2.01) | 5.67 | (5.09 - 6.30) | 7.69 | (6.82 - 8.66) | 0.14 | (0.10 - 0.20) |
| Indiana | 1.73 | (1.50 - 1.99) | 5.64 | (4.69 - 6.76) | 7.02 | (5.72 - 8.59) | 0.13 | (0.09 - 0.20) |
| Iowa | 1.79 | (1.55 - 2.06) | 5.97 | (4.99 - 7.12) | 7.04 | (5.78 - 8.56) | 0.13 | (0.09 - 0.20) |
| Kansas | 1.71 | (1.47 - 1.99) | 5.61 | (4.67 - 6.72) | 6.48 | (5.22 - 8.03) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.22) |
| Kentucky | 1.50 | (1.29 - 1.74) | 5.15 | (4.23 - 6.26) | 6.18 | (5.01 - 7.60) | 0.15 | (0.10 - 0.24) |
| Louisiana | 1.36 | (1.17 - 1.58) | 4.11 | (3.34 - 5.04) | 5.59 | (4.50 - 6.91) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.23) |
| Maine | 1.82 | (1.58 - 2.10) | 5.93 | (4.99 - 7.05) | 9.05 | (7.39 - 11.04) | 0.16 | (0.10 - 0.24) |
| Maryland | 1.83 | (1.56 - 2.14) | 5.59 | (4.59 - 6.80) | 8.01 | (6.49 - 9.85) | 0.12 | (0.08 - 0.19) |
| Massachusetts | 2.45 | (2.12 - 2.82) | 8.02 | (6.84 - 9.38) | 9.82 | (7.96 - 12.07) | 0.18 | (0.12 - 0.29) |
| Michigan | 2.19 | (2.01 - 2.38) | 6.04 | (5.46 - 6.67) | 8.93 | (7.99 - 9.96) | 0.15 | (0.10 - 0.22) |
| Minnesota | 1.85 | (1.60 - 2.15) | 5.42 | (4.49 - 6.53) | 7.65 | (6.27 - 9.30) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.22) |
| Mississippi | 1.38 | (1.19 - 1.61) | 4.16 | (3.40 - 5.08) | 5.29 | (4.29 - 6.51) | 0.13 | (0.08 - 0.22) |
| Missouri | 1.66 | (1.44 - 1.92) | 5.61 | (4.71 - 6.67) | 6.50 | (5.29 - 7.97) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.22) |
| Montana | 2.53 | (2.20 - 2.91) | 7.53 | (6.40 - 8.83) | 11.68 | (9.70 - 14.01) | 0.18 | (0.12 - 0.30) |
| Nebraska | 1.55 | (1.34 - 1.80) | 4.52 | (3.74 - 5.45) | 6.44 | (5.24 - 7.89) | 0.13 | (0.08 - 0.22) |
| Nevada | 1.80 | (1.55 - 2.09) | 6.51 | (5.40 - 7.84) | 6.37 | (5.12 - 7.91) | 0.18 | (0.12 - 0.27) |
| New Hampshire | 2.53 | (2.17 - 2.95) | 7.42 | (6.23 - 8.81) | 10.61 | (8.71 - 12.87) | 0.17 | (0.10 - 0.27) |
| New Jersey | 1.85 | (1.61 - 2.13) | 6.00 | (5.05 - 7.12) | 8.72 | (7.10 - 10.66) | 0.15 | (0.09 - 0.22) |
| New Mexico | 2.22 | (1.92 - 2.56) | 8.27 | (7.02 - 9.73) | 8.12 | (6.61 - 9.94) | 0.24 | (0.13 - 0.42) |
| New York | 1.82 | (1.66 - 1.99) | 5.71 | (5.13 - 6.34) | 7.43 | (6.54 - 8.43) | 0.16 | (0.11 - 0.24) |
| North Carolina | 1.60 | (1.39 - 1.85) | 5.36 | (4.46 - 6.43) | 6.85 | (5.59 - 8.37) | 0.13 | (0.09 - 0.20) |
| North Dakota | 1.60 | (1.37 - 1.86) | 4.52 | (3.70 - 5.52) | 6.14 | (4.98 - 7.53) | 0.13 | (0.08 - 0.21) |
| Ohio | 1.81 | (1.67 - 1.96) | 5.68 | (5.14 - 6.27) | 7.59 | (6.81 - 8.45) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.20) |
| Oklahoma | 1.60 | (1.37 - 1.87) | 5.55 | (4.56 - 6.74) | 6.07 | (4.87 - 7.54) | 0.16 | (0.10 - 0.25) |
| Oregon | 2.23 | (1.92 - 2.57) | 7.49 | (6.37 - 8.78) | 9.06 | (7.30 - 11.19) | 0.20 | (0.13 - 0.30) |
| Pennsylvania | 1.79 | (1.64 - 1.96) | 5.81 | (5.23 - 6.45) | 8.27 | (7.31 - 9.35) | 0.13 | (0.08 - 0.19) |
| Rhode Island | 2.42 | (2.07 - 2.83) | 7.17 | (6.00 - 8.56) | 10.13 | (8.09 - 12.61) | 0.19 | (0.11 - 0.32) |
| South Carolina | 1.54 | (1.33 - 1.79) | 4.89 | (4.01 - 5.93) | 7.07 | (5.75 - 8.66) | 0.13 | (0.08 - 0.20) |
| South Dakota | 1.62 | (1.39 - 1.89) | 4.84 | (3.95 - 5.90) | 7.04 | (5.72 - 8.64) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.22) |
| Tennessee | 1.39 | (1.20 - 1.61) | 4.26 | (3.52 - 5.14) | 6.65 | (5.43 - 8.14) | 0.13 | (0.09 - 0.21) |
| Texas | 1.75 | (1.60 - 1.91) | 5.48 | (4.91 - 6.11) | 6.48 | (5.76 - 7.29) | 0.16 | (0.11 - 0.24) |
| Utah | 1.36 | (1.13 - 1.62) | 4.03 | (3.20 - 5.06) | 3.96 | (3.02 - 5.18) | 0.16 | (0.08 - 0.32) |
| Vermont | 2.70 | (2.32 - 3.15) | 8.21 | (6.91 - 9.72) | 12.47 | (10.16 - 15.20) | 0.17 | (0.10 - 0.29) |
| Virginia | 1.81 | (1.58 - 2.09) | 5.64 | (4.74 - 6.70) | 7.65 | (6.28 - 9.27) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.21) |
| Washington | 2.10 | (1.81 - 2.43) | 6.21 | (5.16 - 7.45) | 9.37 | (7.65 - 11.43) | 0.19 | (0.13 - 0.29) |
| West Virginia | 1.42 | (1.22 - 1.64) | 5.56 | (4.62 - 6.67) | 6.40 | (5.16 - 7.92) | 0.14 | (0.09 - 0.23) |
| Wisconsin | 1.82 | (1.59 - 2.10) | 6.36 | (5.37 - 7.52) | 7.04 | (5.69 - 8.68) | 0.13 | (0.09 - 0.21) |
| Wyoming | 2.03 | (1.76 - 2.35) | 6.59 | (5.51 - 7.87) | 7.97 | (6.49 - 9.75) | 0.16 | (0.10 - 0.25) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.60 | (3.45 - 3.77) | 4.52 | (4.26 - 4.79) | 8.16 | (7.81 - 8.53) | 2.69 | (2.51 - 2.89) |
| Northeast | 3.65 | (3.35 - 3.98) | 4.02 | (3.62 - 4.47) | 8.96 | (8.26 - 9.71) | 2.71 | (2.37 - 3.10) |
| Midwest | 3.31 | (3.09 - 3.56) | 4.49 | (4.14 - 4.87) | 8.00 | (7.48 - 8.55) | 2.35 | (2.09 - 2.64) |
| South | 3.51 | (3.28 - 3.75) | 4.47 | (4.14 - 4.83) | 7.60 | (7.10 - 8.12) | 2.69 | (2.42 - 2.98) |
| West | 3.98 | (3.63 - 4.37) | 4.99 | (4.49 - 5.54) | 8.56 | (7.84 - 9.33) | 3.02 | (2.61 - 3.49) |
| Alabama | 3.31 | (2.58 - 4.24) | 4.96 | (3.90 - 6.30) | 7.53 | (5.74 - 9.82) | 2.38 | (1.64 - 3.44) |
| Alaska | 3.98 | (3.04 - 5.20) | 3.79 | (2.88 - 4.98) | 7.91 | (6.01 - 10.35) | 3.24 | (2.23 - 4.68) |
| Arizona | 4.31 | (3.32 - 5.59) | 4.87 | (3.75 - 6.31) | 8.63 | (6.68 - 11.08) | 3.51 | (2.43 - 5.05) |
| Arkansas | 4.00 | (3.14 - 5.08) | 5.01 | (3.93 - 6.38) | 8.58 | (6.72 - 10.90) | 3.11 | (2.20 - 4.39) |
| California | 3.80 | (3.29 - 4.38) | 5.22 | (4.47 - 6.08) | 7.99 | (6.94 - 9.19) | 2.81 | (2.24 - 3.52) |
| Colorado | 4.17 | (3.30 - 5.27) | 4.63 | (3.58 - 5.96) | 9.75 | (7.83 - 12.07) | 3.16 | (2.24 - 4.43) |
| Connecticut | 3.77 | (2.91 - 4.88) | 4.16 | (3.20 - 5.39) | 9.07 | (7.08 - 11.54) | 2.86 | (1.97 - 4.14) |
| Delaware | 3.66 | (2.85 - 4.70) | 4.69 | (3.64 - 6.02) | 8.75 | (6.88 - 11.07) | 2.70 | (1.85 - 3.92) |
| District of Columbia | 4.65 | (3.57 - 6.04) | 4.37 | (3.32 - 5.72) | 7.80 | (6.03 - 10.04) | 3.99 | (2.79 - 5.66) |
| Florida | 3.47 | (2.98 - 4.03) | 4.47 | (3.79 - 5.26) | 7.13 | (6.10 - 8.30) | 2.81 | (2.27 - 3.48) |
| Georgia | 3.26 | (2.53 - 4.19) | 4.01 | (3.12 - 5.14) | 7.23 | (5.61 - 9.29) | 2.46 | (1.69 - 3.59) |
| Hawaii | 3.56 | (2.70 - 4.68) | 4.59 | (3.40 - 6.16) | 7.88 | (5.87 - 10.52) | 2.76 | (1.88 - 4.05) |
| Idaho | 3.91 | (3.08 - 4.95) | 4.61 | (3.60 - 5.90) | 8.49 | (6.72 - 10.67) | 2.98 | (2.09 - 4.22) |
| Illinois | 3.27 | (2.85 - 3.77) | 4.62 | (3.93 - 5.43) | 8.02 | (6.97 - 9.21) | 2.24 | (1.77 - 2.84) |
| Indiana | 3.45 | (2.70 - 4.39) | 4.77 | (3.72 - 6.11) | 7.91 | (6.18 - 10.07) | 2.51 | (1.74 - 3.60) |
| Iowa | 2.38 | (1.80 - 3.14) | 4.90 | (3.70 - 6.46) | 5.78 | (4.26 - 7.81) | 1.46 | (0.90 - 2.36) |
| Kansas | 3.41 | (2.68 - 4.33) | 4.42 | (3.43 - 5.67) | 8.11 | (6.29 - 10.39) | 2.38 | (1.64 - 3.43) |
| Kentucky | 3.42 | (2.68 - 4.34) | 4.62 | (3.55 - 5.99) | 8.17 | (6.40 - 10.37) | 2.52 | (1.76 - 3.59) |
| Louisiana | 4.14 | (3.29 - 5.19) | 4.20 | (3.18 - 5.53) | 9.56 | (7.59 - 11.97) | 3.09 | (2.19 - 4.35) |
| Maine | 3.65 | (2.91 - 4.58) | 4.30 | (3.35 - 5.49) | 10.90 | (8.75 - 13.50) | 2.56 | (1.80 - 3.62) |
| Maryland | 3.20 | (2.39 - 4.27) | 4.25 | (3.24 - 5.57) | 6.44 | (4.78 - 8.63) | 2.52 | (1.68 - 3.76) |
| Massachusetts | 4.24 | (3.38 - 5.30) | 4.25 | (3.26 - 5.51) | 11.20 | (9.06 - 13.78) | 3.00 | (2.12 - 4.23) |
| Michigan | 3.77 | (3.29 - 4.31) | 4.41 | (3.77 - 5.16) | 8.53 | (7.50 - 9.69) | 2.87 | (2.32 - 3.53) |
| Minnesota | 2.84 | (2.18 - 3.69) | 3.60 | (2.74 - 4.71) | 7.09 | (5.49 - 9.11) | 2.01 | (1.35 - 3.00) |
| Mississippi | 3.38 | (2.66 - 4.30) | 5.47 | (4.24 - 7.02) | 7.62 | (5.96 - 9.68) | 2.30 | (1.56 - 3.39) |
| Missouri | 2.99 | (2.30 - 3.86) | 4.15 | (3.25 - 5.30) | 7.46 | (5.76 - 9.61) | 2.09 | (1.40 - 3.11) |
| Montana | 3.15 | (2.46 - 4.02) | 4.59 | (3.60 - 5.83) | 7.68 | (5.98 - 9.80) | 2.19 | (1.49 - 3.21) |
| Nebraska | 2.98 | (2.29 - 3.88) | 4.07 | (3.14 - 5.27) | 6.51 | (4.98 - 8.48) | 2.16 | (1.46 - 3.20) |
| Nevada | 4.70 | (3.68 - 5.99) | 5.10 | (3.89 - 6.66) | 10.40 | (8.29 - 12.98) | 3.78 | (2.66 - 5.35) |
| New Hampshire | 4.65 | (3.69 - 5.84) | 4.39 | (3.35 - 5.73) | 12.60 | (10.33 - 15.29) | 3.42 | (2.41 - 4.83) |
| New Jersey | 3.33 | (2.55 - 4.33) | 3.56 | (2.67 - 4.73) | 8.26 | (6.45 - 10.52) | 2.54 | (1.73 - 3.72) |
| New Mexico | 4.00 | (3.14 - 5.08) | 5.48 | (4.29 - 6.97) | 8.74 | (6.84 - 11.11) | 2.94 | (2.03 - 4.23) |
| New York | 3.70 | (3.18 - 4.29) | 4.01 | (3.36 - 4.78) | 8.44 | (7.34 - 9.68) | 2.82 | (2.24 - 3.54) |
| North Carolina | 3.42 | (2.68 - 4.37) | 4.15 | (3.23 - 5.32) | 7.72 | (6.03 - 9.83) | 2.62 | (1.83 - 3.74) |
| North Dakota | 2.37 | (1.79 - 3.13) | 4.28 | (3.20 - 5.70) | 5.12 | (3.75 - 6.95) | 1.50 | (0.94 - 2.39) |
| Ohio | 3.48 | (3.04 - 3.98) | 4.64 | (3.99 - 5.39) | 8.70 | (7.71 - 9.80) | 2.48 | (1.98 - 3.09) |
| Oklahoma | 4.57 | (3.59 - 5.80) | 4.60 | (3.54 - 5.96) | 10.43 | (8.15 - 13.26) | 3.48 | (2.46 - 4.91) |
| Oregon | 4.38 | (3.44 - 5.55) | 5.52 | (4.30 - 7.06) | 9.95 | (7.85 - 12.53) | 3.35 | (2.36 - 4.74) |
| Pennsylvania | 3.21 | (2.75 - 3.75) | 4.07 | (3.44 - 4.82) | 7.99 | (6.89 - 9.25) | 2.33 | (1.83 - 2.96) |
| Rhode Island | 4.75 | (3.71 - 6.05) | 5.05 | (3.92 - 6.49) | 11.24 | (8.89 - 14.11) | 3.48 | (2.41 - 5.02) |
| South Carolina | 3.90 | (2.92 - 5.19) | 4.01 | (3.05 - 5.25) | 6.96 | (5.20 - 9.25) | 3.37 | (2.29 - 4.94) |
| South Dakota | 2.39 | (1.78 - 3.22) | 4.41 | (3.27 - 5.93) | 5.27 | (3.77 - 7.33) | 1.62 | (1.00 - 2.60) |
| Tennessee | 3.70 | (2.87 - 4.77) | 4.52 | (3.55 - 5.73) | 8.16 | (6.34 - 10.44) | 2.91 | (2.03 - 4.15) |
| Texas | 3.26 | (2.83 - 3.76) | 4.67 | (3.96 - 5.49) | 6.87 | (5.92 - 7.96) | 2.37 | (1.89 - 2.98) |
| Utah | 3.65 | (2.89 - 4.60) | 3.97 | (3.05 - 5.14) | 7.94 | (6.23 - 10.06) | 2.54 | (1.75 - 3.67) |
| Vermont | 4.57 | (3.66 - 5.69) | 4.10 | (3.16 - 5.30) | 12.73 | (10.35 - 15.56) | 3.21 | (2.27 - 4.52) |
| Virginia | 3.54 | (2.75 - 4.54) | 4.28 | (3.34 - 5.46) | 8.06 | (6.35 - 10.19) | 2.66 | (1.84 - 3.85) |
| Washington | 4.42 | (3.48 - 5.60) | 4.40 | (3.39 - 5.69) | 10.29 | (8.18 - 12.87) | 3.47 | (2.47 - 4.85) |
| West Virginia | 4.18 | (3.29 - 5.30) | 4.57 | (3.53 - 5.89) | 10.61 | (8.57 - 13.06) | 3.17 | (2.24 - 4.48) |
| Wisconsin | 3.71 | (2.92 - 4.71) | 4.87 | (3.80 - 6.22) | 9.68 | (7.57 - 12.30) | 2.53 | (1.74 - 3.67) |
| Wyoming | 3.27 | (2.55 - 4.20) | 4.98 | (3.84 - 6.42) | 7.41 | (5.71 - 9.56) | 2.31 | (1.56 - 3.40) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 1.85 | (1.74 - 1.97) | 0.98 | (0.86 - 1.12) | 5.00 | (4.73 - 5.29) | 1.41 | (1.28 - 1.55) |
| Northeast | 2.26 | (2.02 - 2.52) | 0.96 | (0.80 - 1.15) | 6.34 | (5.72 - 7.02) | 1.72 | (1.46 - 2.03) |
| Midwest | 1.54 | (1.39 - 1.71) | 0.93 | (0.79 - 1.09) | 4.27 | (3.87 - 4.71) | 1.14 | (0.97 - 1.35) |
| South | 1.66 | (1.51 - 1.83) | 0.89 | (0.76 - 1.04) | 4.25 | (3.84 - 4.69) | 1.32 | (1.14 - 1.52) |
| West | 2.10 | (1.87 - 2.36) | 1.20 | (0.98 - 1.46) | 5.80 | (5.20 - 6.48) | 1.55 | (1.29 - 1.85) |
| Alabama | 1.04 | (0.66 - 1.61) | 0.67 | (0.45 - 1.01) | 2.61 | (1.68 - 4.04) | 0.81 | (0.45 - 1.46) |
| Alaska | 2.31 | (1.64 - 3.25) | 0.88 | (0.57 - 1.36) | 5.90 | (4.29 - 8.07) | 1.81 | (1.10 - 2.97) |
| Arizona | 1.95 | (1.36 - 2.80) | 1.11 | (0.77 - 1.60) | 5.62 | (4.08 - 7.69) | 1.44 | (0.88 - 2.37) |
| Arkansas | 1.14 | (0.76 - 1.71) | 0.85 | (0.57 - 1.27) | 2.84 | (1.89 - 4.24) | 0.90 | (0.52 - 1.53) |
| California | 2.11 | (1.75 - 2.53) | 1.28 | (0.96 - 1.70) | 5.64 | (4.73 - 6.72) | 1.55 | (1.17 - 2.04) |
| Colorado | 3.06 | (2.29 - 4.07) | 1.15 | (0.78 - 1.70) | 8.44 | (6.52 - 10.87) | 2.36 | (1.58 - 3.51) |
| Connecticut | 1.69 | (1.18 - 2.42) | 1.04 | (0.70 - 1.53) | 5.13 | (3.68 - 7.11) | 1.21 | (0.72 - 2.01) |
| Delaware | 1.80 | (1.26 - 2.57) | 0.87 | (0.59 - 1.27) | 4.88 | (3.50 - 6.78) | 1.41 | (0.88 - 2.25) |
| District of Columbia | 3.13 | (2.21 - 4.42) | 0.38 | (0.24 - 0.60) | 4.26 | (3.03 - 5.96) | 3.13 | (2.06 - 4.73) |
| Florida | 1.85 | (1.51 - 2.26) | 0.88 | (0.66 - 1.16) | 5.05 | (4.21 - 6.04) | 1.47 | (1.11 - 1.95) |
| Georgia | 1.40 | (0.94 - 2.08) | 0.68 | (0.46 - 1.01) | 3.42 | (2.35 - 4.94) | 1.15 | (0.69 - 1.91) |
| Hawaii | 1.58 | (1.08 - 2.32) | 0.87 | (0.55 - 1.38) | 4.36 | (2.99 - 6.31) | 1.22 | (0.73 - 2.03) |
| Idaho | 1.07 | (0.74 - 1.55) | 1.03 | (0.69 - 1.54) | 3.55 | (2.45 - 5.11) | 0.63 | (0.35 - 1.13) |
| Illinois | 1.73 | (1.42 - 2.09) | 0.86 | (0.65 - 1.14) | 4.48 | (3.75 - 5.34) | 1.34 | (1.01 - 1.77) |
| Indiana | 1.16 | (0.79 - 1.71) | 0.90 | (0.61 - 1.32) | 3.37 | (2.32 - 4.86) | 0.82 | (0.47 - 1.42) |
| Iowa | 1.02 | (0.69 - 1.51) | 1.12 | (0.72 - 1.71) | 3.02 | (2.04 - 4.47) | 0.65 | (0.35 - 1.19) |
| Kansas | 1.58 | (1.12 - 2.25) | 1.07 | (0.74 - 1.54) | 4.56 | (3.25 - 6.36) | 1.08 | (0.66 - 1.79) |
| Kentucky | 1.26 | (0.86 - 1.84) | 1.05 | (0.70 - 1.58) | 3.71 | (2.56 - 5.35) | 0.89 | (0.52 - 1.53) |
| Louisiana | 1.65 | (1.15 - 2.37) | 0.72 | (0.49 - 1.06) | 3.68 | (2.60 - 5.19) | 1.39 | (0.87 - 2.22) |
| Maine | 1.99 | (1.47 - 2.70) | 1.05 | (0.71 - 1.55) | 6.94 | (5.24 - 9.12) | 1.39 | (0.89 - 2.16) |
| Maryland | 1.78 | (1.20 - 2.64) | 0.80 | (0.54 - 1.20) | 4.28 | (2.99 - 6.08) | 1.48 | (0.90 - 2.44) |
| Massachusetts | 2.97 | (2.22 - 3.95) | 0.99 | (0.67 - 1.47) | 8.12 | (6.31 - 10.40) | 2.28 | (1.53 - 3.39) |
| Michigan | 1.66 | (1.36 - 2.02) | 0.86 | (0.67 - 1.12) | 4.54 | (3.80 - 5.42) | 1.27 | (0.95 - 1.70) |
| Minnesota | 1.25 | (0.86 - 1.82) | 0.91 | (0.61 - 1.34) | 3.65 | (2.56 - 5.19) | 0.88 | (0.51 - 1.50) |
| Mississippi | 1.62 | (1.11 - 2.37) | 0.61 | (0.41 - 0.92) | 3.40 | (2.38 - 4.85) | 1.43 | (0.89 - 2.30) |
| Missouri | 1.69 | (1.19 - 2.39) | 0.92 | (0.63 - 1.34) | 4.58 | (3.30 - 6.32) | 1.30 | (0.82 - 2.07) |
| Montana | 1.84 | (1.34 - 2.54) | 1.03 | (0.71 - 1.50) | 5.76 | (4.27 - 7.72) | 1.25 | (0.79 - 1.98) |
| Nebraska | 1.39 | (0.97 - 2.00) | 1.02 | (0.69 - 1.50) | 3.89 | (2.71 - 5.55) | 0.96 | (0.58 - 1.59) |
| Nevada | 2.41 | (1.74 - 3.33) | 1.06 | (0.70 - 1.58) | 6.59 | (5.00 - 8.64) | 1.93 | (1.25 - 2.98) |
| New Hampshire | 2.73 | (2.05 - 3.61) | 1.08 | (0.72 - 1.61) | 8.63 | (6.77 - 10.96) | 1.98 | (1.31 - 2.99) |
| New Jersey | 2.21 | (1.58 - 3.09) | 0.93 | (0.62 - 1.38) | 5.99 | (4.39 - 8.11) | 1.79 | (1.15 - 2.77) |
| New Mexico | 2.42 | (1.79 - 3.26) | 1.29 | (0.87 - 1.92) | 6.75 | (5.09 - 8.89) | 1.77 | (1.15 - 2.71) |
| New York | 2.25 | (1.87 - 2.71) | 0.97 | (0.73 - 1.28) | 6.42 | (5.46 - 7.54) | 1.67 | (1.26 - 2.20) |
| North Carolina | 1.82 | (1.27 - 2.60) | 0.83 | (0.57 - 1.21) | 4.37 | (3.17 - 5.99) | 1.51 | (0.95 - 2.40) |
| North Dakota | 0.97 | (0.65 - 1.45) | 1.00 | (0.63 - 1.57) | 2.69 | (1.79 - 4.03) | 0.58 | (0.31 - 1.08) |
| Ohio | 1.48 | (1.20 - 1.83) | 0.96 | (0.73 - 1.25) | 4.12 | (3.44 - 4.92) | 1.11 | (0.81 - 1.54) |
| Oklahoma | 1.37 | (0.92 - 2.03) | 1.05 | (0.71 - 1.54) | 4.02 | (2.74 - 5.86) | 0.92 | (0.52 - 1.62) |
| Oregon | 1.95 | (1.43 - 2.66) | 1.24 | (0.86 - 1.78) | 6.25 | (4.63 - 8.39) | 1.34 | (0.86 - 2.08) |
| Pennsylvania | 1.96 | (1.60 - 2.39) | 0.88 | (0.66 - 1.17) | 5.17 | (4.26 - 6.25) | 1.55 | (1.17 - 2.06) |
| Rhode Island | 2.90 | (2.10 - 3.98) | 1.07 | (0.73 - 1.57) | 7.41 | (5.59 - 9.77) | 2.26 | (1.45 - 3.50) |
| South Carolina | 2.11 | (1.46 - 3.05) | 0.68 | (0.45 - 1.02) | 4.14 | (2.95 - 5.76) | 1.95 | (1.24 - 3.04) |
| South Dakota | 1.14 | (0.75 - 1.71) | 0.88 | (0.57 - 1.34) | 3.27 | (2.20 - 4.85) | 0.78 | (0.44 - 1.38) |
| Tennessee | 1.22 | (0.80 - 1.86) | 0.91 | (0.61 - 1.34) | 2.99 | (1.99 - 4.47) | 0.98 | (0.57 - 1.70) |
| Texas | 1.76 | (1.45 - 2.14) | 1.13 | (0.87 - 1.47) | 4.70 | (3.91 - 5.64) | 1.30 | (0.97 - 1.74) |
| Utah | 1.31 | (0.91 - 1.88) | 1.08 | (0.72 - 1.62) | 3.43 | (2.36 - 4.95) | 0.83 | (0.48 - 1.45) |
| Vermont | 3.05 | (2.34 - 3.98) | 1.22 | (0.80 - 1.85) | 9.96 | (7.81 - 12.62) | 2.06 | (1.37 - 3.11) |
| Virginia | 1.84 | (1.34 - 2.54) | 0.85 | (0.59 - 1.23) | 4.99 | (3.71 - 6.67) | 1.42 | (0.92 - 2.18) |
| Washington | 2.10 | (1.52 - 2.91) | 1.05 | (0.74 - 1.51) | 6.31 | (4.69 - 8.42) | 1.54 | (0.98 - 2.42) |
| West Virginia | 1.86 | (1.34 - 2.58) | 0.95 | (0.63 - 1.41) | 5.86 | (4.41 - 7.76) | 1.36 | (0.86 - 2.14) |
| Wisconsin | 2.01 | (1.45 - 2.79) | 1.00 | (0.69 - 1.46) | 5.93 | (4.39 - 7.96) | 1.45 | (0.92 - 2.30) |
| Wyoming | 1.39 | (0.96 - 2.01) | 0.99 | (0.67 - 1.46) | 4.50 | (3.20 - 6.31) | 0.87 | (0.47 - 1.57) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 4.89 | (4.70 - 5.07) | 6.43 | (6.13 - 6.75) | 11.54 | (11.12 - 11.97) | 3.53 | (3.32 - 3.76) |
| Northeast | 4.50 | (4.20 - 4.83) | 5.41 | (4.91 - 5.95) | 11.99 | (11.27 - 12.75) | 3.13 | (2.80 - 3.50) |
| Midwest | 4.80 | (4.55 - 5.08) | 6.58 | (6.16 - 7.02) | 11.99 | (11.38 - 12.63) | 3.33 | (3.04 - 3.64) |
| South | 4.77 | (4.50 - 5.05) | 6.48 | (6.06 - 6.92) | 11.28 | (10.71 - 11.87) | 3.44 | (3.14 - 3.76) |
| West | 5.45 | (5.05 - 5.89) | 6.98 | (6.37 - 7.63) | 11.17 | (10.41 - 11.98) | 4.21 | (3.73 - 4.74) |
| Alabama | 4.62 | (3.76 - 5.67) | 7.29 | (5.95 - 8.90) | 11.08 | (8.96 - 13.64) | 3.18 | (2.33 - 4.31) |
| Alaska | 5.41 | (4.38 - 6.65) | 6.71 | (5.23 - 8.58) | 11.36 | (9.20 - 13.96) | 4.05 | (2.98 - 5.48) |
| Arizona | 6.31 | (5.04 - 7.87) | 7.58 | (6.04 - 9.49) | 12.68 | (10.38 - 15.41) | 5.07 | (3.69 - 6.92) |
| Arkansas | 5.51 | (4.47 - 6.78) | 7.48 | (6.02 - 9.27) | 12.39 | (10.23 - 14.93) | 4.13 | (3.05 - 5.58) |
| California | 4.95 | (4.38 - 5.58) | 6.61 | (5.74 - 7.61) | 9.68 | (8.54 - 10.95) | 3.82 | (3.18 - 4.58) |
| Colorado | 6.23 | (5.06 - 7.65) | 7.23 | (5.80 - 8.98) | 13.51 | (11.25 - 16.15) | 4.86 | (3.61 - 6.51) |
| Connecticut | 4.12 | (3.29 - 5.15) | 5.00 | (3.91 - 6.38) | 11.08 | (9.00 - 13.58) | 2.88 | (2.06 - 4.01) |
| Delaware | 5.56 | (4.50 - 6.85) | 6.19 | (4.95 - 7.71) | 13.70 | (11.42 - 16.36) | 4.14 | (3.04 - 5.63) |
| District of Columbia | 4.29 | (3.37 - 5.44) | 4.67 | (3.59 - 6.06) | 8.23 | (6.55 - 10.30) | 3.39 | (2.43 - 4.70) |
| Florida | 4.37 | (3.82 - 4.99) | 6.00 | (5.19 - 6.92) | 9.76 | (8.57 - 11.10) | 3.38 | (2.78 - 4.10) |
| Georgia | 4.27 | (3.47 - 5.25) | 6.04 | (4.83 - 7.51) | 10.47 | (8.53 - 12.79) | 2.95 | (2.16 - 4.01) |
| Hawaii | 4.22 | (3.29 - 5.39) | 5.35 | (4.03 - 7.05) | 9.25 | (7.29 - 11.67) | 3.30 | (2.33 - 4.65) |
| Idaho | 6.09 | (5.01 - 7.39) | 7.52 | (6.08 - 9.26) | 13.20 | (10.96 - 15.81) | 4.59 | (3.43 - 6.13) |
| Illinois | 3.94 | (3.48 - 4.46) | 5.47 | (4.69 - 6.37) | 10.04 | (8.92 - 11.28) | 2.64 | (2.15 - 3.24) |
| Indiana | 5.73 | (4.75 - 6.89) | 7.57 | (6.14 - 9.29) | 14.75 | (12.34 - 17.53) | 3.93 | (2.95 - 5.21) |
| Iowa | 3.69 | (2.97 - 4.59) | 6.41 | (5.08 - 8.06) | 9.10 | (7.19 - 11.46) | 2.39 | (1.69 - 3.36) |
| Kansas | 4.71 | (3.87 - 5.71) | 6.81 | (5.48 - 8.44) | 11.15 | (9.02 - 13.71) | 3.20 | (2.37 - 4.29) |
| Kentucky | 5.36 | (4.42 - 6.49) | 7.54 | (6.09 - 9.30) | 13.67 | (11.37 - 16.36) | 3.78 | (2.83 - 5.02) |
| Louisiana | 5.67 | (4.68 - 6.86) | 6.39 | (5.10 - 7.96) | 13.93 | (11.61 - 16.63) | 4.00 | (2.99 - 5.33) |
| Maine | 4.51 | (3.66 - 5.55) | 6.01 | (4.77 - 7.55) | 13.81 | (11.42 - 16.62) | 3.03 | (2.20 - 4.16) |
| Maryland | 4.23 | (3.33 - 5.36) | 5.80 | (4.60 - 7.29) | 10.17 | (8.12 - 12.66) | 3.03 | (2.14 - 4.26) |
| Massachusetts | 5.07 | (4.17 - 6.15) | 5.61 | (4.45 - 7.04) | 13.12 | (10.89 - 15.73) | 3.58 | (2.69 - 4.75) |
| Michigan | 5.53 | (4.93 - 6.20) | 6.40 | (5.58 - 7.33) | 13.41 | (12.16 - 14.78) | 4.06 | (3.38 - 4.88) |
| Minnesota | 4.09 | (3.29 - 5.09) | 5.73 | (4.53 - 7.22) | 10.79 | (8.76 - 13.23) | 2.74 | (1.96 - 3.83) |
| Mississippi | 5.10 | (4.16 - 6.24) | 8.52 | (6.88 - 10.52) | 11.06 | (8.99 - 13.53) | 3.51 | (2.56 - 4.80) |
| Missouri | 5.13 | (4.23 - 6.22) | 6.77 | (5.47 - 8.34) | 13.22 | (10.90 - 15.96) | 3.57 | (2.66 - 4.76) |
| Montana | 5.07 | (4.17 - 6.16) | 7.09 | (5.74 - 8.72) | 12.31 | (10.15 - 14.85) | 3.58 | (2.65 - 4.82) |
| Nebraska | 3.91 | (3.16 - 4.83) | 5.61 | (4.44 - 7.06) | 9.38 | (7.57 - 11.58) | 2.64 | (1.92 - 3.62) |
| Nevada | 5.96 | (4.85 - 7.30) | 7.74 | (6.11 - 9.77) | 13.22 | (10.94 - 15.89) | 4.62 | (3.45 - 6.17) |
| New Hampshire | 5.38 | (4.39 - 6.57) | 6.20 | (4.88 - 7.85) | 14.90 | (12.52 - 17.65) | 3.78 | (2.77 - 5.12) |
| New Jersey | 4.15 | (3.35 - 5.13) | 4.95 | (3.86 - 6.33) | 11.97 | (9.80 - 14.54) | 2.85 | (2.06 - 3.92) |
| New Mexico | 5.78 | (4.66 - 7.15) | 8.29 | (6.68 - 10.25) | 11.17 | (9.15 - 13.56) | 4.47 | (3.26 - 6.09) |
| New York | 4.45 | (3.94 - 5.02) | 5.26 | (4.47 - 6.18) | 11.55 | (10.33 - 12.91) | 3.09 | (2.54 - 3.75) |
| North Carolina | 4.54 | (3.67 - 5.60) | 6.89 | (5.58 - 8.47) | 10.58 | (8.64 - 12.90) | 3.25 | (2.38 - 4.41) |
| North Dakota | 4.11 | (3.33 - 5.07) | 6.66 | (5.32 - 8.31) | 9.05 | (7.27 - 11.22) | 2.66 | (1.90 - 3.70) |
| Ohio | 5.48 | (4.93 - 6.09) | 7.62 | (6.74 - 8.61) | 13.59 | (12.34 - 14.95) | 3.89 | (3.27 - 4.62) |
| Oklahoma | 7.01 | (5.71 - 8.58) | 7.94 | (6.39 - 9.83) | 15.65 | (12.93 - 18.82) | 5.30 | (3.94 - 7.10) |
| Oregon | 6.68 | (5.46 - 8.15) | 7.86 | (6.39 - 9.64) | 14.71 | (12.26 - 17.55) | 5.26 | (3.96 - 6.97) |
| Pennsylvania | 4.40 | (3.87 - 5.00) | 5.75 | (4.94 - 6.68) | 11.55 | (10.30 - 12.94) | 3.07 | (2.50 - 3.76) |
| Rhode Island | 5.93 | (4.82 - 7.28) | 6.29 | (4.99 - 7.91) | 14.64 | (12.13 - 17.57) | 4.24 | (3.12 - 5.74) |
| South Carolina | 5.06 | (4.08 - 6.26) | 6.06 | (4.87 - 7.51) | 12.30 | (10.07 - 14.95) | 3.74 | (2.74 - 5.09) |
| South Dakota | 3.64 | (2.88 - 4.59) | 6.08 | (4.76 - 7.72) | 8.48 | (6.66 - 10.74) | 2.45 | (1.71 - 3.51) |
| Tennessee | 4.44 | (3.60 - 5.46) | 6.19 | (4.99 - 7.65) | 11.90 | (9.72 - 14.50) | 3.05 | (2.22 - 4.18) |
| Texas | 4.62 | (4.09 - 5.21) | 6.10 | (5.26 - 7.07) | 10.60 | (9.40 - 11.93) | 3.26 | (2.68 - 3.96) |
| Utah | 4.92 | (4.06 - 5.96) | 6.57 | (5.19 - 8.29) | 10.31 | (8.33 - 12.69) | 3.31 | (2.45 - 4.47) |
| Vermont | 4.85 | (3.94 - 5.95) | 6.00 | (4.81 - 7.45) | 13.34 | (11.11 - 15.94) | 3.26 | (2.36 - 4.50) |
| Virginia | 5.13 | (4.21 - 6.23) | 6.97 | (5.63 - 8.61) | 12.48 | (10.34 - 14.98) | 3.62 | (2.70 - 4.85) |
| Washington | 6.20 | (5.11 - 7.51) | 7.48 | (6.09 - 9.15) | 14.44 | (12.11 - 17.13) | 4.70 | (3.54 - 6.22) |
| West Virginia | 5.61 | (4.59 - 6.84) | 7.25 | (5.85 - 8.95) | 14.39 | (12.12 - 17.00) | 4.11 | (3.06 - 5.51) |
| Wisconsin | 4.56 | (3.68 - 5.64) | 7.12 | (5.75 - 8.79) | 11.64 | (9.42 - 14.31) | 3.01 | (2.14 - 4.21) |
| Wyoming | 4.56 | (3.69 - 5.64) | 7.05 | (5.61 - 8.83) | 10.61 | (8.64 - 12.98) | 3.15 | (2.27 - 4.36) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 51.84 | (51.29 - 52.39) | 14.23 | (13.78 - 14.70) | 61.59 | (60.84 - 62.34) | 54.88 | (54.19 - 55.56) |
| Northeast | 57.12 | (55.79 - 58.44) | 16.17 | (15.31 - 17.07) | 67.64 | (65.81 - 69.41) | 60.19 | (58.65 - 61.71) |
| Midwest | 54.66 | (53.48 - 55.84) | 14.20 | (13.59 - 14.83) | 64.95 | (63.28 - 66.59) | 57.98 | (56.63 - 59.32) |
| South | 47.78 | (46.61 - 48.95) | 13.40 | (12.80 - 14.04) | 57.73 | (56.06 - 59.39) | 50.41 | (49.09 - 51.72) |
| West | 51.40 | (50.02 - 52.78) | 14.12 | (13.26 - 15.03) | 59.80 | (57.89 - 61.68) | 54.77 | (53.15 - 56.38) |
| Alabama | 43.09 | (39.90 - 46.34) | 12.12 | (10.23 - 14.29) | 52.31 | (48.01 - 56.57) | 45.39 | (41.57 - 49.27) |
| Alaska | 52.81 | (49.30 - 56.30) | 13.67 | (11.36 - 16.36) | 59.18 | (54.88 - 63.34) | 57.10 | (52.75 - 61.34) |
| Arizona | 48.13 | (44.47 - 51.82) | 13.61 | (11.34 - 16.25) | 55.58 | (51.47 - 59.62) | 51.36 | (46.91 - 55.80) |
| Arkansas | 41.23 | (37.94 - 44.60) | 14.26 | (12.00 - 16.87) | 54.67 | (50.58 - 58.70) | 42.43 | (38.44 - 46.52) |
| California | 50.34 | (48.43 - 52.25) | 13.99 | (12.69 - 15.41) | 60.99 | (58.47 - 63.46) | 53.27 | (50.91 - 55.62) |
| Colorado | 62.68 | (59.31 - 65.93) | 17.66 | (14.95 - 20.74) | 69.60 | (65.75 - 73.20) | 66.87 | (62.77 - 70.73) |
| Connecticut | 59.38 | (55.89 - 62.78) | 17.75 | (15.15 - 20.69) | 68.76 | (64.76 - 72.49) | 62.98 | (58.72 - 67.04) |
| Delaware | 56.60 | (53.04 - 60.08) | 16.14 | (13.79 - 18.80) | 66.70 | (62.86 - 70.33) | 59.73 | (55.40 - 63.92) |
| District of Columbia | 61.58 | (58.27 - 64.78) | 14.09 | (11.66 - 16.93) | 71.99 | (68.16 - 75.53) | 63.51 | (59.44 - 67.39) |
| Florida | 50.70 | (48.75 - 52.65) | 14.36 | (13.02 - 15.81) | 56.80 | (54.21 - 59.35) | 53.73 | (51.41 - 56.03) |
| Georgia | 48.05 | (44.62 - 51.50) | 14.20 | (12.03 - 16.69) | 57.92 | (53.82 - 61.91) | 50.94 | (46.75 - 55.11) |
| Hawaii | 47.89 | (44.42 - 51.39) | 12.92 | (10.58 - 15.69) | 59.80 | (55.21 - 64.22) | 49.83 | (45.73 - 53.93) |
| Idaho | 47.46 | (44.17 - 50.77) | 13.15 | (11.13 - 15.46) | 54.67 | (50.73 - 58.55) | 50.98 | (46.90 - 55.04) |
| Illinois | 54.21 | (52.39 - 56.02) | 13.75 | (12.41 - 15.20) | 66.68 | (64.24 - 69.03) | 57.23 | (55.02 - 59.41) |
| Indiana | 49.42 | (46.13 - 52.71) | 12.70 | (10.71 - 15.00) | 60.22 | (56.20 - 64.11) | 52.31 | (48.32 - 56.27) |
| Iowa | 56.27 | (52.89 - 59.59) | 17.30 | (14.82 - 20.09) | 68.25 | (64.36 - 71.90) | 58.85 | (54.74 - 62.85) |
| Kansas | 55.54 | (52.25 - 58.79) | 15.69 | (13.40 - 18.28) | 63.16 | (59.09 - 67.06) | 59.31 | (55.26 - 63.25) |
| Kentucky | 39.06 | (35.88 - 42.33) | 13.02 | (10.84 - 15.58) | 49.56 | (45.46 - 53.67) | 40.49 | (36.72 - 44.38) |
| Louisiana | 46.83 | (43.48 - 50.20) | 15.07 | (12.69 - 17.81) | 59.37 | (55.34 - 63.27) | 48.66 | (44.59 - 52.76) |
| Maine | 56.20 | (52.92 - 59.43) | 13.73 | (11.49 - 16.31) | 65.13 | (61.11 - 68.94) | 59.47 | (55.54 - 63.28) |
| Maryland | 51.89 | (48.23 - 55.53) | 12.81 | (10.74 - 15.20) | 59.09 | (54.58 - 63.44) | 55.51 | (51.11 - 59.83) |
| Massachusetts | 63.62 | (60.58 - 66.56) | 15.58 | (13.23 - 18.26) | 74.33 | (70.66 - 77.69) | 67.23 | (63.53 - 70.72) |
| Michigan | 54.73 | (52.86 - 56.59) | 13.35 | (12.11 - 14.70) | 62.62 | (60.18 - 64.98) | 58.70 | (56.42 - 60.93) |
| Minnesota | 58.87 | (55.52 - 62.14) | 13.16 | (11.10 - 15.55) | 66.69 | (62.77 - 70.40) | 63.09 | (59.00 - 67.00) |
| Mississippi | 41.05 | (37.87 - 44.31) | 12.39 | (10.37 - 14.74) | 52.93 | (48.95 - 56.87) | 42.80 | (38.90 - 46.80) |
| Missouri | 50.71 | (47.38 - 54.04) | 15.16 | (13.00 - 17.61) | 60.50 | (56.47 - 64.39) | 53.50 | (49.42 - 57.53) |
| Montana | 58.05 | (54.65 - 61.37) | 19.15 | (16.46 - 22.17) | 65.92 | (62.00 - 69.64) | 61.19 | (57.04 - 65.18) |
| Nebraska | 51.86 | (48.45 - 55.25) | 13.66 | (11.52 - 16.13) | 63.37 | (59.50 - 67.07) | 54.55 | (50.29 - 58.75) |
| Nevada | 54.57 | (50.94 - 58.16) | 14.47 | (12.02 - 17.32) | 58.45 | (54.25 - 62.52) | 59.05 | (54.64 - 63.32) |
| New Hampshire | 63.77 | (60.53 - 66.90) | 17.64 | (15.15 - 20.44) | 74.09 | (70.50 - 77.39) | 67.52 | (63.60 - 71.20) |
| New Jersey | 55.69 | (52.36 - 58.98) | 15.27 | (12.98 - 17.88) | 64.60 | (60.54 - 68.47) | 59.27 | (55.23 - 63.18) |
| New Mexico | 45.75 | (42.26 - 49.27) | 14.49 | (12.23 - 17.10) | 56.25 | (52.24 - 60.17) | 47.87 | (43.62 - 52.15) |
| New York | 55.58 | (53.62 - 57.52) | 16.75 | (15.24 - 18.38) | 66.60 | (64.17 - 68.93) | 58.28 | (55.90 - 60.61) |
| North Carolina | 48.98 | (45.64 - 52.33) | 12.26 | (10.26 - 14.58) | 59.20 | (55.28 - 63.01) | 51.76 | (47.67 - 55.83) |
| North Dakota | 59.91 | (56.63 - 63.09) | 16.58 | (14.25 - 19.20) | 70.28 | (66.69 - 73.64) | 62.64 | (58.44 - 66.66) |
| Ohio | 52.73 | (50.81 - 54.64) | 13.78 | (12.52 - 15.14) | 65.40 | (63.13 - 67.60) | 55.51 | (53.17 - 57.81) |
| Oklahoma | 47.16 | (43.58 - 50.77) | 14.72 | (12.41 - 17.38) | 60.82 | (56.60 - 64.87) | 48.82 | (44.42 - 53.24) |
| Oregon | 61.02 | (57.77 - 64.17) | 17.31 | (14.97 - 19.92) | 67.14 | (63.19 - 70.85) | 65.03 | (61.10 - 68.77) |
| Pennsylvania | 55.23 | (53.12 - 57.32) | 15.78 | (14.34 - 17.35) | 66.28 | (63.69 - 68.77) | 58.01 | (55.47 - 60.50) |
| Rhode Island | 61.05 | (57.38 - 64.59) | 16.00 | (13.48 - 18.90) | 70.13 | (65.79 - 74.12) | 64.59 | (60.12 - 68.82) |
| South Carolina | 46.00 | (42.62 - 49.42) | 12.21 | (10.30 - 14.42) | 55.21 | (51.13 - 59.21) | 48.57 | (44.51 - 52.66) |
| South Dakota | 57.83 | (54.43 - 61.16) | 15.52 | (13.01 - 18.42) | 69.92 | (65.95 - 73.60) | 60.90 | (56.74 - 64.91) |
| Tennessee | 40.39 | (36.94 - 43.94) | 11.28 | (9.53 - 13.31) | 51.37 | (47.16 - 55.56) | 42.14 | (37.99 - 46.39) |
| Texas | 49.15 | (47.24 - 51.05) | 13.35 | (12.04 - 14.79) | 59.23 | (56.83 - 61.59) | 52.38 | (50.04 - 54.71) |
| Utah | 26.42 | (23.60 - 29.45) | 7.58 | (5.79 - 9.86) | 32.45 | (28.63 - 36.51) | 28.08 | (24.43 - 32.03) |
| Vermont | 61.68 | (58.40 - 64.86) | 17.44 | (14.93 - 20.28) | 72.67 | (68.98 - 76.08) | 64.59 | (60.59 - 68.39) |
| Virginia | 52.00 | (48.63 - 55.34) | 13.51 | (11.42 - 15.91) | 64.47 | (60.51 - 68.25) | 54.46 | (50.35 - 58.51) |
| Washington | 56.89 | (53.55 - 60.16) | 13.61 | (11.45 - 16.09) | 61.60 | (57.52 - 65.53) | 61.28 | (57.27 - 65.15) |
| West Virginia | 40.26 | (36.86 - 43.76) | 14.46 | (12.17 - 17.09) | 53.94 | (50.04 - 57.79) | 40.94 | (36.89 - 45.12) |
| Wisconsin | 64.11 | (61.01 - 67.10) | 16.78 | (14.51 - 19.32) | 70.45 | (66.50 - 74.12) | 68.75 | (64.94 - 72.31) |
| Wyoming | 52.91 | (49.46 - 56.34) | 16.70 | (14.22 - 19.51) | 59.33 | (55.28 - 63.27) | 56.13 | (51.90 - 60.27) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 23.39 | (22.97 - 23.82) | 8.38 | (8.03 - 8.74) | 41.15 | (40.39 - 41.91) | 22.19 | (21.67 - 22.72) |
| Northeast | 24.83 | (23.99 - 25.69) | 9.40 | (8.72 - 10.13) | 45.23 | (43.95 - 46.53) | 23.22 | (22.19 - 24.28) |
| Midwest | 25.54 | (24.89 - 26.21) | 8.71 | (8.22 - 9.23) | 44.88 | (43.83 - 45.93) | 24.29 | (23.48 - 25.12) |
| South | 21.58 | (20.96 - 22.21) | 7.54 | (7.10 - 8.00) | 37.65 | (36.66 - 38.66) | 20.59 | (19.82 - 21.39) |
| West | 23.08 | (22.28 - 23.90) | 8.61 | (7.90 - 9.37) | 39.95 | (38.64 - 41.29) | 21.91 | (20.91 - 22.94) |
| Alabama | 20.82 | (18.43 - 23.44) | 6.88 | (5.57 - 8.46) | 32.78 | (29.01 - 36.79) | 20.52 | (17.65 - 23.72) |
| Alaska | 24.69 | (22.22 - 27.33) | 9.08 | (7.28 - 11.28) | 40.80 | (36.79 - 44.93) | 23.73 | (20.74 - 27.00) |
| Arizona | 23.62 | (20.98 - 26.48) | 8.72 | (7.03 - 10.78) | 38.71 | (34.86 - 42.71) | 23.01 | (19.85 - 26.51) |
| Arkansas | 18.94 | (16.78 - 21.31) | 7.83 | (6.35 - 9.63) | 34.33 | (30.59 - 38.27) | 17.81 | (15.25 - 20.69) |
| California | 22.83 | (21.55 - 24.17) | 8.57 | (7.49 - 9.79) | 39.89 | (37.81 - 42.00) | 21.54 | (19.94 - 23.23) |
| Colorado | 26.21 | (23.58 - 29.02) | 9.64 | (7.89 - 11.71) | 46.39 | (42.63 - 50.19) | 24.72 | (21.60 - 28.12) |
| Connecticut | 26.35 | (23.73 - 29.15) | 11.19 | (9.17 - 13.59) | 48.82 | (44.57 - 53.09) | 24.56 | (21.43 - 27.98) |
| Delaware | 24.30 | (21.73 - 27.06) | 9.24 | (7.27 - 11.69) | 45.48 | (41.70 - 49.31) | 22.59 | (19.53 - 25.98) |
| District of Columbia | 29.52 | (26.82 - 32.36) | 6.92 | (5.10 - 9.33) | 46.74 | (42.89 - 50.62) | 27.72 | (24.46 - 31.24) |
| Florida | 20.68 | (19.39 - 22.03) | 7.64 | (6.68 - 8.72) | 35.63 | (33.55 - 37.77) | 19.85 | (18.29 - 21.50) |
| Georgia | 20.14 | (17.94 - 22.54) | 7.25 | (5.89 - 8.91) | 37.10 | (33.46 - 40.88) | 18.94 | (16.27 - 21.93) |
| Hawaii | 23.72 | (21.24 - 26.40) | 8.29 | (6.49 - 10.54) | 40.81 | (36.48 - 45.29) | 22.70 | (19.77 - 25.91) |
| Idaho | 21.89 | (19.60 - 24.37) | 8.08 | (6.59 - 9.87) | 37.30 | (33.69 - 41.06) | 21.03 | (18.25 - 24.10) |
| Illinois | 26.01 | (24.68 - 27.38) | 8.73 | (7.70 - 9.89) | 46.63 | (44.50 - 48.76) | 24.54 | (22.88 - 26.27) |
| Indiana | 22.55 | (20.26 - 25.03) | 7.87 | (6.46 - 9.56) | 40.75 | (36.90 - 44.71) | 21.31 | (18.58 - 24.32) |
| Iowa | 27.47 | (24.95 - 30.15) | 10.65 | (8.74 - 12.92) | 48.97 | (45.23 - 52.71) | 25.64 | (22.62 - 28.93) |
| Kansas | 25.79 | (23.24 - 28.51) | 9.34 | (7.67 - 11.33) | 42.85 | (38.78 - 47.02) | 24.68 | (21.59 - 28.04) |
| Kentucky | 21.61 | (19.36 - 24.04) | 8.19 | (6.66 - 10.04) | 39.04 | (35.31 - 42.90) | 20.43 | (17.79 - 23.35) |
| Louisiana | 23.01 | (20.62 - 25.59) | 7.39 | (6.05 - 9.00) | 38.18 | (34.67 - 41.82) | 22.20 | (19.30 - 25.40) |
| Maine | 22.99 | (20.62 - 25.54) | 8.34 | (6.74 - 10.27) | 46.14 | (42.18 - 50.14) | 21.27 | (18.51 - 24.30) |
| Maryland | 20.17 | (17.76 - 22.82) | 7.74 | (6.27 - 9.52) | 36.12 | (32.09 - 40.36) | 19.01 | (16.16 - 22.24) |
| Massachusetts | 25.57 | (23.18 - 28.12) | 9.40 | (7.74 - 11.36) | 48.63 | (44.72 - 52.55) | 23.33 | (20.49 - 26.45) |
| Michigan | 26.41 | (25.00 - 27.87) | 7.99 | (7.09 - 9.00) | 43.17 | (41.21 - 45.16) | 25.90 | (24.15 - 27.73) |
| Minnesota | 25.85 | (23.36 - 28.52) | 7.92 | (6.48 - 9.65) | 45.56 | (41.84 - 49.32) | 24.65 | (21.66 - 27.90) |
| Mississippi | 20.14 | (17.93 - 22.55) | 6.78 | (5.38 - 8.52) | 33.02 | (29.55 - 36.70) | 19.58 | (16.93 - 22.54) |
| Missouri | 23.95 | (21.57 - 26.52) | 9.55 | (7.86 - 11.56) | 39.61 | (36.09 - 43.24) | 23.11 | (20.22 - 26.28) |
| Montana | 28.02 | (25.51 - 30.68) | 12.67 | (10.43 - 15.30) | 50.04 | (46.22 - 53.85) | 25.97 | (22.94 - 29.24) |
| Nebraska | 24.76 | (22.30 - 27.40) | 8.77 | (7.15 - 10.71) | 46.14 | (42.47 - 49.84) | 22.69 | (19.74 - 25.94) |
| Nevada | 26.64 | (23.82 - 29.66) | 8.33 | (6.61 - 10.44) | 41.92 | (37.96 - 45.98) | 26.61 | (23.24 - 30.28) |
| New Hampshire | 24.01 | (21.52 - 26.70) | 10.27 | (8.45 - 12.42) | 48.29 | (44.32 - 52.28) | 21.78 | (18.84 - 25.04) |
| New Jersey | 25.38 | (22.82 - 28.12) | 8.80 | (7.10 - 10.86) | 45.84 | (41.86 - 49.87) | 24.25 | (21.21 - 27.58) |
| New Mexico | 22.33 | (19.96 - 24.90) | 9.23 | (7.50 - 11.30) | 37.43 | (33.71 - 41.30) | 21.26 | (18.40 - 24.44) |
| New York | 24.01 | (22.54 - 25.54) | 9.60 | (8.47 - 10.85) | 42.22 | (40.15 - 44.31) | 22.51 | (20.71 - 24.41) |
| North Carolina | 20.66 | (18.38 - 23.14) | 6.89 | (5.58 - 8.48) | 37.27 | (33.60 - 41.10) | 19.58 | (16.89 - 22.58) |
| North Dakota | 29.80 | (27.34 - 32.38) | 10.36 | (8.40 - 12.72) | 51.26 | (47.52 - 54.98) | 27.11 | (24.09 - 30.37) |
| Ohio | 23.60 | (22.30 - 24.96) | 8.29 | (7.37 - 9.32) | 44.78 | (42.89 - 46.68) | 22.05 | (20.44 - 23.74) |
| Oklahoma | 21.65 | (19.26 - 24.25) | 8.80 | (7.10 - 10.85) | 39.13 | (35.10 - 43.32) | 20.08 | (17.28 - 23.21) |
| Oregon | 22.40 | (20.18 - 24.78) | 8.54 | (7.00 - 10.38) | 42.62 | (38.75 - 46.59) | 20.74 | (18.11 - 23.63) |
| Pennsylvania | 24.99 | (23.57 - 26.47) | 9.04 | (7.96 - 10.26) | 46.13 | (43.90 - 48.39) | 23.37 | (21.65 - 25.17) |
| Rhode Island | 26.41 | (23.68 - 29.33) | 8.98 | (7.33 - 10.96) | 45.81 | (41.70 - 49.99) | 24.77 | (21.49 - 28.38) |
| South Carolina | 22.20 | (19.67 - 24.95) | 6.12 | (4.84 - 7.72) | 36.06 | (32.28 - 40.03) | 21.85 | (18.84 - 25.19) |
| South Dakota | 27.68 | (25.12 - 30.39) | 9.45 | (7.62 - 11.67) | 49.52 | (45.43 - 53.62) | 25.96 | (22.90 - 29.28) |
| Tennessee | 17.57 | (15.29 - 20.11) | 6.67 | (5.39 - 8.23) | 31.85 | (28.35 - 35.55) | 16.63 | (13.91 - 19.75) |
| Texas | 23.98 | (22.67 - 25.33) | 7.79 | (6.86 - 8.83) | 39.55 | (37.58 - 41.56) | 23.34 | (21.67 - 25.09) |
| Utah | 13.23 | (11.34 - 15.38) | 5.66 | (4.26 - 7.48) | 23.58 | (20.30 - 27.22) | 11.95 | (9.60 - 14.76) |
| Vermont | 26.42 | (23.91 - 29.10) | 9.97 | (8.16 - 12.12) | 51.28 | (47.42 - 55.12) | 23.92 | (20.95 - 27.16) |
| Virginia | 23.68 | (21.28 - 26.26) | 8.36 | (6.83 - 10.19) | 45.42 | (41.44 - 49.46) | 21.74 | (18.92 - 24.87) |
| Washington | 23.89 | (21.49 - 26.47) | 8.74 | (7.18 - 10.60) | 42.69 | (38.91 - 46.56) | 22.62 | (19.76 - 25.78) |
| West Virginia | 20.40 | (18.07 - 22.94) | 8.51 | (6.84 - 10.55) | 38.41 | (34.76 - 42.19) | 18.95 | (16.23 - 22.00) |
| Wisconsin | 29.89 | (27.20 - 32.73) | 10.06 | (8.36 - 12.06) | 50.05 | (46.02 - 54.08) | 28.78 | (25.53 - 32.26) |
| Wyoming | 22.90 | (20.65 - 25.33) | 10.85 | (8.39 - 13.92) | 40.75 | (37.06 - 44.54) | 21.09 | (18.41 - 24.05) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 42.59 | (42.07 - 43.10) | 40.02 | (39.41 - 40.63) | 33.44 | (32.78 - 34.11) | 44.50 | (43.85 - 45.15) |
| Northeast | 40.52 | (39.51 - 41.54) | 38.66 | (37.47 - 39.85) | 30.82 | (29.70 - 31.96) | 42.37 | (41.13 - 43.63) |
| Midwest | 38.97 | (38.17 - 39.77) | 38.07 | (37.16 - 38.99) | 29.51 | (28.67 - 30.37) | 40.73 | (39.74 - 41.74) |
| South | 44.97 | (44.17 - 45.77) | 41.81 | (40.90 - 42.72) | 36.36 | (35.50 - 37.24) | 46.84 | (45.83 - 47.84) |
| West | 43.88 | (42.82 - 44.94) | 40.06 | (38.80 - 41.34) | 34.60 | (33.38 - 35.83) | 46.07 | (44.73 - 47.42) |
| Alabama | 45.62 | (42.52 - 48.75) | 44.37 | (40.98 - 47.82) | 39.31 | (35.80 - 42.93) | 46.86 | (43.02 - 50.74) |
| Alaska | 42.44 | (39.22 - 45.72) | 42.30 | (38.59 - 46.10) | 31.10 | (27.49 - 34.96) | 44.69 | (40.67 - 48.78) |
| Arizona | 43.94 | (40.70 - 47.24) | 42.17 | (38.49 - 45.94) | 36.72 | (33.12 - 40.47) | 45.40 | (41.40 - 49.45) |
| Arkansas | 45.47 | (42.36 - 48.61) | 43.66 | (40.02 - 47.37) | 35.74 | (32.34 - 39.29) | 47.30 | (43.49 - 51.14) |
| California | 45.31 | (43.64 - 46.98) | 40.42 | (38.46 - 42.41) | 36.55 | (34.56 - 38.59) | 47.64 | (45.50 - 49.78) |
| Colorado | 39.04 | (35.77 - 42.41) | 35.96 | (32.43 - 39.64) | 28.76 | (25.58 - 32.16) | 41.18 | (37.17 - 45.31) |
| Connecticut | 42.38 | (39.13 - 45.70) | 40.28 | (36.69 - 43.97) | 30.82 | (27.43 - 34.44) | 44.52 | (40.51 - 48.60) |
| Delaware | 40.74 | (37.58 - 43.97) | 38.96 | (35.41 - 42.63) | 32.31 | (28.75 - 36.09) | 42.34 | (38.51 - 46.26) |
| District of Columbia | 41.44 | (38.35 - 44.60) | 45.67 | (41.84 - 49.57) | 32.85 | (29.12 - 36.82) | 42.96 | (39.12 - 46.89) |
| Florida | 47.25 | (45.51 - 48.99) | 42.50 | (40.52 - 44.50) | 37.87 | (35.93 - 39.86) | 49.17 | (47.04 - 51.30) |
| Georgia | 45.88 | (42.75 - 49.05) | 43.59 | (40.17 - 47.07) | 36.09 | (32.85 - 39.47) | 47.90 | (44.01 - 51.83) |
| Hawaii | 41.12 | (37.80 - 44.51) | 43.75 | (39.86 - 47.72) | 35.40 | (31.40 - 39.61) | 41.74 | (37.73 - 45.85) |
| Idaho | 38.65 | (35.67 - 41.73) | 37.07 | (33.80 - 40.45) | 30.82 | (27.73 - 34.09) | 40.31 | (36.56 - 44.18) |
| Illinois | 41.47 | (39.76 - 43.20) | 40.28 | (38.26 - 42.33) | 31.39 | (29.60 - 33.23) | 43.44 | (41.29 - 45.62) |
| Indiana | 39.33 | (36.36 - 42.38) | 39.17 | (35.74 - 42.70) | 30.12 | (26.93 - 33.52) | 40.95 | (37.31 - 44.68) |
| Iowa | 36.96 | (33.94 - 40.09) | 36.87 | (33.55 - 40.32) | 27.18 | (24.22 - 30.35) | 38.74 | (35.01 - 42.60) |
| Kansas | 38.62 | (35.65 - 41.67) | 35.98 | (32.68 - 39.42) | 28.45 | (25.27 - 31.87) | 40.91 | (37.24 - 44.68) |
| Kentucky | 41.65 | (38.67 - 44.70) | 40.94 | (37.50 - 44.48) | 34.34 | (30.95 - 37.91) | 42.90 | (39.29 - 46.59) |
| Louisiana | 45.47 | (42.35 - 48.62) | 44.21 | (40.86 - 47.61) | 39.60 | (36.32 - 42.97) | 46.76 | (42.87 - 50.69) |
| Maine | 37.65 | (34.56 - 40.85) | 33.39 | (30.22 - 36.71) | 27.29 | (24.23 - 30.58) | 39.57 | (35.88 - 43.38) |
| Maryland | 43.75 | (40.46 - 47.09) | 42.35 | (38.73 - 46.05) | 35.95 | (32.31 - 39.76) | 45.24 | (41.21 - 49.33) |
| Massachusetts | 37.59 | (34.63 - 40.65) | 35.61 | (32.31 - 39.06) | 27.72 | (24.65 - 31.01) | 39.57 | (35.98 - 43.28) |
| Michigan | 39.47 | (37.84 - 41.11) | 38.91 | (36.97 - 40.88) | 32.96 | (31.14 - 34.83) | 40.66 | (38.61 - 42.74) |
| Minnesota | 37.02 | (34.01 - 40.13) | 36.31 | (32.98 - 39.79) | 26.36 | (23.43 - 29.53) | 38.93 | (35.20 - 42.79) |
| Mississippi | 48.25 | (45.21 - 51.30) | 47.55 | (43.96 - 51.16) | 41.49 | (38.12 - 44.93) | 49.62 | (45.80 - 53.44) |
| Missouri | 39.57 | (36.62 - 42.60) | 38.27 | (34.96 - 41.71) | 31.50 | (28.32 - 34.86) | 41.10 | (37.49 - 44.80) |
| Montana | 36.58 | (33.68 - 39.59) | 33.14 | (30.00 - 36.45) | 26.61 | (23.56 - 29.89) | 38.72 | (35.13 - 42.43) |
| Nebraska | 37.35 | (34.34 - 40.47) | 36.94 | (33.52 - 40.50) | 25.59 | (22.64 - 28.79) | 39.68 | (35.93 - 43.55) |
| Nevada | 42.67 | (39.41 - 46.00) | 39.68 | (36.11 - 43.37) | 33.55 | (30.11 - 37.18) | 44.45 | (40.49 - 48.48) |
| New Hampshire | 38.21 | (35.20 - 41.32) | 34.64 | (31.36 - 38.07) | 24.71 | (21.85 - 27.81) | 40.76 | (37.09 - 44.53) |
| New Jersey | 41.49 | (38.32 - 44.73) | 36.91 | (33.45 - 40.51) | 32.88 | (29.36 - 36.60) | 43.38 | (39.54 - 47.29) |
| New Mexico | 47.80 | (44.63 - 51.00) | 39.69 | (36.28 - 43.20) | 36.55 | (33.20 - 40.04) | 50.91 | (46.95 - 54.86) |
| New York | 42.20 | (40.42 - 43.99) | 41.41 | (39.38 - 43.46) | 32.55 | (30.67 - 34.49) | 44.00 | (41.78 - 46.25) |
| North Carolina | 43.95 | (40.77 - 47.19) | 38.07 | (34.71 - 41.54) | 34.33 | (31.16 - 37.65) | 46.27 | (42.35 - 50.24) |
| North Dakota | 35.78 | (32.96 - 38.70) | 34.79 | (31.64 - 38.09) | 24.64 | (21.70 - 27.84) | 38.50 | (34.96 - 42.17) |
| Ohio | 39.51 | (37.87 - 41.17) | 38.15 | (36.39 - 39.95) | 27.88 | (26.27 - 29.55) | 41.57 | (39.53 - 43.65) |
| Oklahoma | 42.00 | (38.83 - 45.23) | 39.07 | (35.39 - 42.88) | 33.82 | (30.31 - 37.52) | 43.88 | (39.96 - 47.89) |
| Oregon | 39.94 | (37.09 - 42.85) | 37.14 | (33.91 - 40.48) | 28.12 | (25.03 - 31.44) | 42.15 | (38.70 - 45.68) |
| Pennsylvania | 39.26 | (37.46 - 41.09) | 38.13 | (36.15 - 40.15) | 29.89 | (28.01 - 31.84) | 40.94 | (38.69 - 43.22) |
| Rhode Island | 37.76 | (34.65 - 40.97) | 36.48 | (32.96 - 40.15) | 29.72 | (26.48 - 33.18) | 39.43 | (35.62 - 43.37) |
| South Carolina | 46.79 | (43.55 - 50.05) | 42.43 | (39.02 - 45.92) | 39.53 | (36.19 - 42.97) | 48.51 | (44.52 - 52.53) |
| South Dakota | 33.62 | (30.50 - 36.89) | 31.31 | (27.96 - 34.87) | 25.04 | (21.86 - 28.52) | 35.48 | (31.63 - 39.53) |
| Tennessee | 45.00 | (41.78 - 48.25) | 41.51 | (38.39 - 44.70) | 34.52 | (31.28 - 37.91) | 47.06 | (43.11 - 51.04) |
| Texas | 44.59 | (42.95 - 46.24) | 41.22 | (39.21 - 43.27) | 36.77 | (34.96 - 38.63) | 46.57 | (44.47 - 48.67) |
| Utah | 50.82 | (47.71 - 53.93) | 48.74 | (44.84 - 52.64) | 38.09 | (34.43 - 41.89) | 54.33 | (50.23 - 58.37) |
| Vermont | 36.60 | (33.53 - 39.78) | 32.15 | (28.90 - 35.59) | 22.93 | (19.99 - 26.16) | 39.43 | (35.65 - 43.35) |
| Virginia | 42.61 | (39.55 - 45.73) | 40.23 | (36.83 - 43.73) | 32.45 | (29.24 - 35.82) | 44.67 | (40.87 - 48.53) |
| Washington | 41.84 | (38.81 - 44.94) | 37.23 | (33.86 - 40.73) | 29.55 | (26.36 - 32.94) | 44.40 | (40.69 - 48.17) |
| West Virginia | 44.09 | (40.89 - 47.34) | 38.93 | (35.39 - 42.59) | 34.02 | (30.55 - 37.67) | 46.15 | (42.28 - 50.06) |
| Wisconsin | 35.03 | (32.10 - 38.07) | 34.60 | (31.35 - 38.00) | 27.12 | (24.06 - 30.41) | 36.46 | (32.90 - 40.18) |
| Wyoming | 39.10 | (36.08 - 42.21) | 39.63 | (36.18 - 43.18) | 29.18 | (25.66 - 32.97) | 40.86 | (37.09 - 44.75) |
| State | Alcohol Use in Past Month (Estimate) |
Alcohol Use in Past Month (95% Confidence Interval) |
Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month (Estimate) |
Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||
| Total U.S. | 26.67 | (26.06 - 27.28) | 17.54 | (17.01 - 18.09) |
| Northeast | 30.58 | (29.65 - 31.52) | 19.92 | (19.08 - 20.79) |
| Midwest | 27.16 | (26.50 - 27.84) | 18.78 | (18.12 - 19.45) |
| South | 25.17 | (24.53 - 25.82) | 15.90 | (15.30 - 16.52) |
| West | 25.62 | (24.69 - 26.58) | 17.15 | (16.28 - 18.06) |
| Alabama | 22.30 | (19.92 - 24.88) | 13.62 | (11.79 - 15.67) |
| Alaska | 25.86 | (23.19 - 28.72) | 18.54 | (16.32 - 20.99) |
| Arizona | 23.50 | (21.06 - 26.13) | 16.36 | (14.25 - 18.71) |
| Arkansas | 22.27 | (19.79 - 24.96) | 13.27 | (11.43 - 15.35) |
| California | 25.40 | (23.92 - 26.93) | 16.93 | (15.61 - 18.35) |
| Colorado | 29.89 | (27.12 - 32.81) | 18.30 | (16.14 - 20.68) |
| Connecticut | 31.94 | (29.08 - 34.94) | 22.26 | (19.59 - 25.17) |
| Delaware | 31.67 | (28.95 - 34.52) | 21.77 | (19.31 - 24.45) |
| District of Columbia | 29.22 | (25.84 - 32.85) | 16.72 | (14.06 - 19.76) |
| Florida | 25.55 | (24.13 - 27.03) | 15.32 | (14.11 - 16.61) |
| Georgia | 23.33 | (20.95 - 25.90) | 14.62 | (12.80 - 16.64) |
| Hawaii | 25.48 | (22.60 - 28.60) | 17.57 | (15.13 - 20.32) |
| Idaho | 25.79 | (23.30 - 28.45) | 16.85 | (14.87 - 19.04) |
| Illinois | 28.76 | (27.34 - 30.22) | 19.60 | (18.34 - 20.94) |
| Indiana | 23.51 | (21.06 - 26.14) | 16.44 | (14.43 - 18.67) |
| Iowa | 29.46 | (26.71 - 32.36) | 20.99 | (18.66 - 23.52) |
| Kansas | 29.01 | (26.34 - 31.82) | 19.67 | (17.36 - 22.22) |
| Kentucky | 24.07 | (21.69 - 26.63) | 17.07 | (15.07 - 19.29) |
| Louisiana | 27.19 | (24.70 - 29.84) | 16.20 | (14.16 - 18.47) |
| Maine | 25.09 | (22.61 - 27.75) | 17.52 | (15.45 - 19.81) |
| Maryland | 25.14 | (22.63 - 27.83) | 15.61 | (13.55 - 17.93) |
| Massachusetts | 31.35 | (28.79 - 34.03) | 21.06 | (18.83 - 23.49) |
| Michigan | 24.93 | (23.58 - 26.33) | 16.80 | (15.58 - 18.09) |
| Minnesota | 27.28 | (24.93 - 29.77) | 19.89 | (17.76 - 22.21) |
| Mississippi | 24.96 | (22.49 - 27.61) | 15.23 | (13.30 - 17.39) |
| Missouri | 25.12 | (22.57 - 27.86) | 16.39 | (14.29 - 18.74) |
| Montana | 32.13 | (29.36 - 35.04) | 22.95 | (20.38 - 25.74) |
| Nebraska | 26.58 | (23.87 - 29.47) | 19.22 | (16.99 - 21.66) |
| Nevada | 25.34 | (22.77 - 28.09) | 17.72 | (15.59 - 20.07) |
| New Hampshire | 32.93 | (30.23 - 35.74) | 21.77 | (19.42 - 24.32) |
| New Jersey | 28.41 | (25.79 - 31.18) | 19.36 | (17.14 - 21.78) |
| New Mexico | 25.18 | (22.51 - 28.06) | 16.49 | (14.42 - 18.80) |
| New York | 31.64 | (30.10 - 33.23) | 19.21 | (17.85 - 20.65) |
| North Carolina | 24.22 | (21.79 - 26.84) | 14.54 | (12.64 - 16.67) |
| North Dakota | 33.57 | (30.64 - 36.64) | 24.20 | (21.76 - 26.82) |
| Ohio | 27.41 | (26.06 - 28.81) | 19.20 | (18.01 - 20.45) |
| Oklahoma | 25.55 | (22.86 - 28.44) | 15.87 | (13.74 - 18.26) |
| Oregon | 30.14 | (27.36 - 33.07) | 17.75 | (15.60 - 20.13) |
| Pennsylvania | 29.47 | (27.94 - 31.06) | 19.88 | (18.50 - 21.34) |
| Rhode Island | 33.12 | (30.28 - 36.09) | 21.71 | (19.27 - 24.36) |
| South Carolina | 22.84 | (20.44 - 25.43) | 14.19 | (12.28 - 16.34) |
| South Dakota | 30.60 | (27.90 - 33.44) | 20.63 | (18.31 - 23.15) |
| Tennessee | 21.83 | (19.35 - 24.54) | 14.87 | (12.93 - 17.04) |
| Texas | 26.13 | (24.75 - 27.55) | 16.95 | (15.73 - 18.25) |
| Utah | 16.48 | (14.04 - 19.26) | 12.68 | (10.60 - 15.10) |
| Vermont | 34.62 | (31.82 - 37.52) | 24.10 | (21.58 - 26.82) |
| Virginia | 29.66 | (27.11 - 32.35) | 19.75 | (17.60 - 22.09) |
| Washington | 26.92 | (24.36 - 29.64) | 18.91 | (16.82 - 21.20) |
| West Virginia | 24.64 | (22.17 - 27.29) | 16.45 | (14.35 - 18.79) |
| Wisconsin | 30.09 | (27.50 - 32.81) | 21.05 | (18.76 - 23.55) |
| Wyoming | 30.21 | (27.24 - 33.35) | 21.26 | (18.75 - 24.02) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 27.60 | (27.12 - 28.08) | 11.25 | (10.84 - 11.67) | 41.27 | (40.56 - 41.98) | 27.28 | (26.70 - 27.87) |
| Northeast | 26.27 | (25.32 - 27.25) | 10.90 | (10.21 - 11.63) | 40.90 | (39.66 - 42.14) | 25.62 | (24.43 - 26.86) |
| Midwest | 30.10 | (29.27 - 30.94) | 12.56 | (11.96 - 13.19) | 45.79 | (44.77 - 46.80) | 29.58 | (28.52 - 30.66) |
| South | 29.04 | (28.22 - 29.88) | 11.29 | (10.76 - 11.85) | 41.64 | (40.64 - 42.65) | 29.12 | (28.06 - 30.20) |
| West | 24.00 | (23.03 - 25.00) | 10.22 | (9.51 - 10.98) | 36.86 | (35.57 - 38.16) | 23.48 | (22.23 - 24.77) |
| Alabama | 32.68 | (29.89 - 35.60) | 11.89 | (9.98 - 14.10) | 44.30 | (40.57 - 48.09) | 33.29 | (29.91 - 36.84) |
| Alaska | 31.93 | (28.91 - 35.11) | 13.27 | (11.05 - 15.84) | 45.63 | (41.51 - 49.80) | 31.89 | (28.17 - 35.85) |
| Arizona | 26.04 | (23.35 - 28.93) | 11.52 | (9.50 - 13.91) | 37.75 | (34.12 - 41.53) | 25.96 | (22.76 - 29.42) |
| Arkansas | 33.53 | (30.77 - 36.40) | 13.76 | (11.60 - 16.24) | 45.35 | (41.58 - 49.18) | 34.08 | (30.73 - 37.58) |
| California | 21.72 | (20.33 - 23.18) | 9.06 | (8.00 - 10.23) | 33.93 | (31.97 - 35.95) | 21.13 | (19.37 - 23.01) |
| Colorado | 26.91 | (24.31 - 29.67) | 12.37 | (10.30 - 14.79) | 42.57 | (38.75 - 46.49) | 25.94 | (22.86 - 29.29) |
| Connecticut | 25.07 | (22.37 - 27.98) | 10.81 | (8.92 - 13.04) | 41.34 | (37.62 - 45.16) | 24.18 | (20.95 - 27.72) |
| Delaware | 29.01 | (26.21 - 31.99) | 12.53 | (10.55 - 14.82) | 42.17 | (38.49 - 45.94) | 28.80 | (25.43 - 32.41) |
| District of Columbia | 27.50 | (24.79 - 30.38) | 9.08 | (7.32 - 11.21) | 35.49 | (31.85 - 39.31) | 27.37 | (24.13 - 30.87) |
| Florida | 26.24 | (24.78 - 27.76) | 10.43 | (9.35 - 11.62) | 37.56 | (35.47 - 39.70) | 26.24 | (24.46 - 28.11) |
| Georgia | 26.80 | (24.16 - 29.61) | 11.52 | (9.58 - 13.79) | 40.39 | (36.70 - 44.20) | 26.51 | (23.34 - 29.94) |
| Hawaii | 22.62 | (20.16 - 25.29) | 10.04 | (8.07 - 12.43) | 36.80 | (32.76 - 41.03) | 21.74 | (18.89 - 24.90) |
| Idaho | 27.73 | (25.13 - 30.49) | 11.85 | (10.02 - 13.97) | 41.70 | (38.10 - 45.39) | 27.43 | (24.25 - 30.85) |
| Illinois | 28.74 | (27.25 - 30.29) | 10.94 | (9.78 - 12.21) | 44.05 | (42.03 - 46.09) | 28.30 | (26.43 - 30.25) |
| Indiana | 30.63 | (28.04 - 33.35) | 12.22 | (10.32 - 14.42) | 47.39 | (43.67 - 51.14) | 30.12 | (27.00 - 33.44) |
| Iowa | 30.87 | (28.10 - 33.79) | 13.33 | (11.27 - 15.69) | 45.03 | (41.28 - 48.85) | 30.45 | (27.11 - 34.02) |
| Kansas | 30.66 | (27.95 - 33.50) | 13.48 | (11.33 - 15.96) | 44.15 | (40.19 - 48.18) | 30.33 | (27.08 - 33.79) |
| Kentucky | 35.51 | (32.60 - 38.52) | 15.04 | (12.83 - 17.55) | 48.42 | (44.73 - 52.13) | 35.88 | (32.36 - 39.56) |
| Louisiana | 30.09 | (27.43 - 32.89) | 10.86 | (9.09 - 12.92) | 41.88 | (38.36 - 45.48) | 30.41 | (27.13 - 33.89) |
| Maine | 28.92 | (26.19 - 31.82) | 12.46 | (10.40 - 14.86) | 47.07 | (43.34 - 50.83) | 28.10 | (24.89 - 31.55) |
| Maryland | 24.16 | (21.32 - 27.23) | 9.26 | (7.49 - 11.40) | 35.94 | (32.05 - 40.03) | 24.01 | (20.66 - 27.71) |
| Massachusetts | 24.27 | (21.85 - 26.87) | 10.39 | (8.66 - 12.42) | 42.39 | (38.58 - 46.30) | 22.65 | (19.83 - 25.74) |
| Michigan | 30.06 | (28.53 - 31.64) | 11.91 | (10.76 - 13.17) | 45.35 | (43.37 - 47.34) | 29.77 | (27.85 - 31.76) |
| Minnesota | 27.33 | (24.92 - 29.87) | 11.18 | (9.37 - 13.28) | 46.96 | (43.47 - 50.47) | 25.92 | (23.04 - 29.03) |
| Mississippi | 34.57 | (31.68 - 37.58) | 13.54 | (11.39 - 16.03) | 46.86 | (43.18 - 50.58) | 35.19 | (31.62 - 38.93) |
| Missouri | 34.45 | (31.53 - 37.48) | 15.85 | (13.50 - 18.51) | 47.58 | (43.78 - 51.41) | 34.55 | (31.05 - 38.23) |
| Montana | 32.12 | (29.35 - 35.02) | 16.34 | (14.02 - 18.96) | 47.95 | (44.42 - 51.50) | 31.19 | (27.84 - 34.74) |
| Nebraska | 29.00 | (26.39 - 31.75) | 12.12 | (10.20 - 14.35) | 42.20 | (38.69 - 45.79) | 28.62 | (25.43 - 32.04) |
| Nevada | 27.41 | (24.54 - 30.47) | 9.93 | (7.93 - 12.36) | 39.62 | (35.92 - 43.45) | 27.74 | (24.31 - 31.45) |
| New Hampshire | 28.98 | (26.29 - 31.83) | 13.66 | (11.51 - 16.14) | 46.77 | (43.19 - 50.38) | 27.95 | (24.74 - 31.40) |
| New Jersey | 25.55 | (22.98 - 28.30) | 9.74 | (7.90 - 11.96) | 42.22 | (38.41 - 46.14) | 24.91 | (21.86 - 28.24) |
| New Mexico | 27.12 | (24.42 - 29.99) | 13.06 | (10.95 - 15.51) | 42.99 | (39.31 - 46.75) | 26.03 | (22.77 - 29.59) |
| New York | 24.21 | (22.75 - 25.73) | 9.98 | (8.86 - 11.21) | 36.42 | (34.39 - 38.50) | 23.75 | (21.94 - 25.67) |
| North Carolina | 30.27 | (27.56 - 33.13) | 11.09 | (9.31 - 13.15) | 43.42 | (39.76 - 47.15) | 30.42 | (27.15 - 33.90) |
| North Dakota | 28.77 | (26.17 - 31.50) | 13.10 | (10.90 - 15.67) | 42.36 | (38.85 - 45.95) | 27.47 | (24.31 - 30.89) |
| Ohio | 31.20 | (29.65 - 32.80) | 14.01 | (12.75 - 15.37) | 47.62 | (45.72 - 49.53) | 30.65 | (28.72 - 32.65) |
| Oklahoma | 36.51 | (33.48 - 39.66) | 14.35 | (12.05 - 17.01) | 51.53 | (47.50 - 55.54) | 36.60 | (32.90 - 40.46) |
| Oregon | 28.45 | (25.84 - 31.22) | 12.91 | (10.95 - 15.16) | 42.81 | (39.05 - 46.65) | 27.92 | (24.82 - 31.23) |
| Pennsylvania | 30.69 | (29.05 - 32.38) | 12.94 | (11.65 - 14.35) | 45.03 | (42.86 - 47.21) | 30.39 | (28.37 - 32.49) |
| Rhode Island | 26.81 | (24.06 - 29.74) | 10.85 | (8.97 - 13.06) | 41.87 | (37.96 - 45.87) | 25.83 | (22.61 - 29.33) |
| South Carolina | 30.47 | (27.72 - 33.36) | 11.62 | (9.78 - 13.74) | 44.51 | (40.71 - 48.37) | 30.42 | (27.14 - 33.91) |
| South Dakota | 31.42 | (28.57 - 34.41) | 13.59 | (11.40 - 16.11) | 47.66 | (43.70 - 51.65) | 30.67 | (27.24 - 34.33) |
| Tennessee | 34.61 | (31.63 - 37.71) | 13.28 | (11.29 - 15.56) | 48.90 | (45.22 - 52.59) | 34.90 | (31.32 - 38.66) |
| Texas | 26.34 | (24.89 - 27.85) | 9.91 | (8.86 - 11.05) | 38.35 | (36.40 - 40.35) | 26.43 | (24.57 - 28.37) |
| Utah | 16.82 | (14.63 - 19.26) | 7.28 | (5.55 - 9.50) | 25.10 | (21.80 - 28.71) | 16.40 | (13.68 - 19.52) |
| Vermont | 27.08 | (24.42 - 29.92) | 12.52 | (10.48 - 14.90) | 43.42 | (39.68 - 47.24) | 25.84 | (22.66 - 29.29) |
| Virginia | 27.47 | (24.88 - 30.21) | 10.90 | (9.12 - 12.97) | 42.64 | (39.09 - 46.26) | 26.82 | (23.73 - 30.16) |
| Washington | 26.91 | (24.43 - 29.55) | 11.24 | (9.38 - 13.43) | 44.31 | (40.61 - 48.06) | 25.94 | (23.00 - 29.11) |
| West Virginia | 40.22 | (37.02 - 43.50) | 17.35 | (14.89 - 20.12) | 51.73 | (48.00 - 55.44) | 40.89 | (37.05 - 44.85) |
| Wisconsin | 28.03 | (25.44 - 30.78) | 11.85 | (10.01 - 13.99) | 45.09 | (41.29 - 48.95) | 27.02 | (23.95 - 30.32) |
| Wyoming | 33.67 | (30.78 - 36.68) | 17.44 | (14.82 - 20.41) | 49.52 | (46.00 - 53.04) | 32.73 | (29.22 - 36.44) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 23.16 | (22.71 - 23.62) | 8.69 | (8.32 - 9.08) | 35.09 | (34.42 - 35.76) | 22.91 | (22.35 - 23.47) |
| Northeast | 22.22 | (21.33 - 23.14) | 8.54 | (7.93 - 9.20) | 35.34 | (34.06 - 36.64) | 21.62 | (20.49 - 22.81) |
| Midwest | 25.11 | (24.34 - 25.90) | 9.87 | (9.34 - 10.43) | 38.84 | (37.83 - 39.85) | 24.65 | (23.63 - 25.69) |
| South | 24.26 | (23.49 - 25.06) | 8.70 | (8.20 - 9.22) | 35.25 | (34.22 - 36.29) | 24.34 | (23.32 - 25.39) |
| West | 20.31 | (19.38 - 21.28) | 7.72 | (7.08 - 8.41) | 31.24 | (29.95 - 32.57) | 19.98 | (18.78 - 21.25) |
| Alabama | 27.07 | (24.64 - 29.65) | 9.01 | (7.39 - 10.93) | 37.14 | (33.40 - 41.04) | 27.60 | (24.63 - 30.79) |
| Alaska | 26.21 | (23.49 - 29.12) | 8.20 | (6.48 - 10.32) | 38.94 | (34.93 - 43.11) | 26.26 | (22.92 - 29.91) |
| Arizona | 22.39 | (19.95 - 25.03) | 9.92 | (7.95 - 12.30) | 31.53 | (27.99 - 35.30) | 22.47 | (19.55 - 25.67) |
| Arkansas | 28.16 | (25.58 - 30.89) | 10.30 | (8.42 - 12.55) | 39.29 | (35.54 - 43.16) | 28.58 | (25.46 - 31.91) |
| California | 18.54 | (17.21 - 19.94) | 6.83 | (5.91 - 7.88) | 28.85 | (26.88 - 30.91) | 18.18 | (16.52 - 19.98) |
| Colorado | 21.15 | (18.88 - 23.61) | 8.77 | (7.05 - 10.87) | 34.01 | (30.44 - 37.77) | 20.41 | (17.72 - 23.39) |
| Connecticut | 21.31 | (18.90 - 23.93) | 8.76 | (7.07 - 10.82) | 35.47 | (31.80 - 39.33) | 20.54 | (17.70 - 23.71) |
| Delaware | 23.63 | (21.17 - 26.27) | 9.31 | (7.59 - 11.36) | 35.59 | (32.08 - 39.25) | 23.35 | (20.41 - 26.57) |
| District of Columbia | 23.41 | (20.82 - 26.22) | 6.53 | (5.04 - 8.43) | 29.33 | (25.88 - 33.05) | 23.61 | (20.49 - 27.05) |
| Florida | 22.34 | (20.94 - 23.81) | 7.95 | (6.97 - 9.05) | 31.73 | (29.80 - 33.71) | 22.48 | (20.76 - 24.30) |
| Georgia | 22.43 | (19.98 - 25.08) | 9.25 | (7.50 - 11.36) | 34.10 | (30.48 - 37.92) | 22.19 | (19.23 - 25.46) |
| Hawaii | 19.75 | (17.45 - 22.27) | 7.16 | (5.47 - 9.33) | 32.61 | (28.67 - 36.81) | 19.08 | (16.40 - 22.09) |
| Idaho | 23.67 | (21.36 - 26.15) | 8.85 | (7.22 - 10.82) | 36.38 | (32.94 - 39.97) | 23.45 | (20.62 - 26.54) |
| Illinois | 24.38 | (23.03 - 25.78) | 8.67 | (7.64 - 9.84) | 38.10 | (36.18 - 40.06) | 23.95 | (22.24 - 25.75) |
| Indiana | 25.85 | (23.47 - 28.38) | 9.41 | (7.70 - 11.45) | 40.22 | (36.48 - 44.08) | 25.50 | (22.63 - 28.59) |
| Iowa | 25.45 | (22.98 - 28.09) | 10.83 | (8.93 - 13.09) | 37.59 | (33.94 - 41.38) | 25.04 | (22.04 - 28.30) |
| Kansas | 23.94 | (21.68 - 26.35) | 10.64 | (8.81 - 12.79) | 35.89 | (32.21 - 39.74) | 23.40 | (20.66 - 26.39) |
| Kentucky | 29.93 | (27.26 - 32.76) | 11.01 | (9.06 - 13.33) | 40.50 | (36.79 - 44.32) | 30.50 | (27.27 - 33.92) |
| Louisiana | 25.90 | (23.34 - 28.65) | 8.69 | (7.04 - 10.68) | 36.76 | (33.21 - 40.47) | 26.13 | (23.00 - 29.53) |
| Maine | 24.73 | (22.28 - 27.36) | 9.47 | (7.66 - 11.65) | 40.62 | (36.96 - 44.39) | 24.09 | (21.22 - 27.22) |
| Maryland | 19.72 | (17.33 - 22.35) | 7.43 | (5.90 - 9.32) | 30.21 | (26.43 - 34.26) | 19.47 | (16.64 - 22.65) |
| Massachusetts | 20.64 | (18.52 - 22.92) | 7.88 | (6.37 - 9.72) | 36.23 | (32.64 - 39.98) | 19.33 | (16.84 - 22.09) |
| Michigan | 25.91 | (24.51 - 27.36) | 9.49 | (8.47 - 10.61) | 39.17 | (37.20 - 41.17) | 25.74 | (23.97 - 27.60) |
| Minnesota | 23.21 | (20.96 - 25.62) | 8.89 | (7.27 - 10.83) | 40.41 | (36.93 - 43.98) | 22.00 | (19.29 - 24.96) |
| Mississippi | 27.48 | (24.98 - 30.13) | 10.22 | (8.36 - 12.43) | 38.98 | (35.28 - 42.82) | 27.73 | (24.67 - 31.01) |
| Missouri | 27.42 | (24.92 - 30.08) | 11.61 | (9.57 - 14.02) | 39.61 | (35.92 - 43.41) | 27.34 | (24.32 - 30.59) |
| Montana | 24.95 | (22.59 - 27.46) | 12.16 | (10.06 - 14.63) | 37.05 | (33.53 - 40.71) | 24.32 | (21.47 - 27.41) |
| Nebraska | 24.07 | (21.72 - 26.60) | 9.13 | (7.44 - 11.15) | 37.42 | (33.82 - 41.16) | 23.42 | (20.56 - 26.56) |
| Nevada | 23.69 | (21.08 - 26.52) | 7.39 | (5.80 - 9.36) | 33.17 | (29.60 - 36.93) | 24.30 | (21.14 - 27.76) |
| New Hampshire | 24.23 | (21.82 - 26.82) | 10.66 | (8.78 - 12.88) | 41.42 | (37.76 - 45.18) | 23.09 | (20.22 - 26.23) |
| New Jersey | 21.19 | (18.85 - 23.75) | 7.66 | (6.16 - 9.48) | 37.35 | (33.52 - 41.35) | 20.36 | (17.57 - 23.46) |
| New Mexico | 22.57 | (20.23 - 25.08) | 10.17 | (8.33 - 12.37) | 36.14 | (32.64 - 39.79) | 21.69 | (18.88 - 24.79) |
| New York | 21.18 | (19.83 - 22.59) | 7.79 | (6.78 - 8.94) | 31.70 | (29.68 - 33.79) | 20.91 | (19.23 - 22.70) |
| North Carolina | 26.03 | (23.48 - 28.74) | 8.22 | (6.62 - 10.16) | 38.30 | (34.68 - 42.05) | 26.15 | (23.09 - 29.47) |
| North Dakota | 22.74 | (20.48 - 25.18) | 10.27 | (8.38 - 12.53) | 33.53 | (30.18 - 37.05) | 21.73 | (18.94 - 24.82) |
| Ohio | 25.79 | (24.35 - 27.29) | 11.22 | (10.04 - 12.52) | 39.74 | (37.79 - 41.72) | 25.32 | (23.51 - 27.23) |
| Oklahoma | 28.98 | (26.24 - 31.87) | 10.80 | (8.88 - 13.08) | 43.60 | (39.39 - 47.90) | 28.62 | (25.29 - 32.21) |
| Oregon | 23.94 | (21.59 - 26.46) | 9.53 | (7.75 - 11.67) | 37.77 | (34.05 - 41.64) | 23.36 | (20.57 - 26.39) |
| Pennsylvania | 25.05 | (23.55 - 26.61) | 10.28 | (9.09 - 11.61) | 38.18 | (35.99 - 40.42) | 24.60 | (22.75 - 26.56) |
| Rhode Island | 23.22 | (20.82 - 25.80) | 8.46 | (6.80 - 10.47) | 35.82 | (31.96 - 39.86) | 22.56 | (19.71 - 25.70) |
| South Carolina | 26.50 | (23.88 - 29.29) | 9.02 | (7.38 - 10.97) | 37.92 | (34.29 - 41.68) | 26.72 | (23.55 - 30.15) |
| South Dakota | 25.14 | (22.61 - 27.85) | 10.29 | (8.43 - 12.50) | 38.80 | (34.92 - 42.82) | 24.50 | (21.46 - 27.82) |
| Tennessee | 27.81 | (25.14 - 30.66) | 9.25 | (7.63 - 11.17) | 39.70 | (35.86 - 43.66) | 28.15 | (24.92 - 31.62) |
| Texas | 22.02 | (20.64 - 23.45) | 8.00 | (6.96 - 9.17) | 32.62 | (30.67 - 34.62) | 22.03 | (20.28 - 23.88) |
| Utah | 15.83 | (13.75 - 18.16) | 5.86 | (4.36 - 7.85) | 23.51 | (20.15 - 27.23) | 15.63 | (13.05 - 18.63) |
| Vermont | 22.37 | (20.04 - 24.88) | 9.34 | (7.53 - 11.53) | 37.89 | (34.22 - 41.72) | 21.10 | (18.36 - 24.11) |
| Virginia | 22.76 | (20.52 - 25.17) | 8.60 | (6.98 - 10.55) | 35.11 | (31.65 - 38.74) | 22.32 | (19.65 - 25.23) |
| Washington | 22.66 | (20.44 - 25.03) | 7.95 | (6.44 - 9.78) | 37.56 | (33.89 - 41.39) | 21.97 | (19.35 - 24.84) |
| West Virginia | 32.00 | (29.12 - 35.03) | 11.85 | (9.74 - 14.34) | 43.86 | (40.11 - 47.68) | 32.34 | (28.87 - 36.02) |
| Wisconsin | 23.51 | (21.22 - 25.97) | 9.43 | (7.70 - 11.49) | 37.95 | (34.19 - 41.86) | 22.70 | (19.99 - 25.65) |
| Wyoming | 25.72 | (23.26 - 28.35) | 13.47 | (11.12 - 16.22) | 39.62 | (35.98 - 43.36) | 24.66 | (21.68 - 27.90) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 71.21 | (70.74 - 71.67) | 65.41 | (64.78 - 66.05) | 65.15 | (64.53 - 65.76) | 72.99 | (72.40 - 73.57) |
| Northeast | 73.50 | (72.54 - 74.44) | 68.09 | (66.90 - 69.25) | 67.01 | (65.72 - 68.27) | 75.23 | (74.09 - 76.34) |
| Midwest | 67.42 | (66.54 - 68.28) | 64.34 | (63.38 - 65.29) | 61.07 | (59.99 - 62.14) | 68.91 | (67.87 - 69.94) |
| South | 70.96 | (70.16 - 71.75) | 64.12 | (63.22 - 65.00) | 64.72 | (63.71 - 65.72) | 72.89 | (71.92 - 73.84) |
| West | 73.36 | (72.35 - 74.35) | 66.44 | (65.18 - 67.68) | 68.12 | (66.76 - 69.45) | 75.22 | (73.98 - 76.42) |
| Alabama | 67.33 | (64.37 - 70.15) | 60.26 | (56.77 - 63.65) | 60.46 | (56.67 - 64.14) | 69.40 | (65.77 - 72.80) |
| Alaska | 67.21 | (64.17 - 70.10) | 66.75 | (63.16 - 70.16) | 62.65 | (58.85 - 66.30) | 68.17 | (64.33 - 71.77) |
| Arizona | 71.76 | (68.72 - 74.61) | 65.07 | (61.35 - 68.61) | 66.03 | (62.39 - 69.50) | 73.59 | (69.88 - 77.00) |
| Arkansas | 70.18 | (67.37 - 72.84) | 63.20 | (59.71 - 66.55) | 60.97 | (57.24 - 64.57) | 72.58 | (69.15 - 75.76) |
| California | 75.39 | (73.87 - 76.84) | 66.60 | (64.66 - 68.47) | 71.14 | (69.09 - 73.10) | 77.39 | (75.50 - 79.19) |
| Colorado | 72.37 | (69.46 - 75.09) | 66.71 | (63.14 - 70.10) | 66.40 | (62.96 - 69.68) | 74.07 | (70.52 - 77.33) |
| Connecticut | 73.11 | (70.22 - 75.81) | 68.65 | (65.22 - 71.89) | 66.24 | (62.55 - 69.73) | 74.77 | (71.20 - 78.04) |
| Delaware | 73.29 | (70.43 - 75.98) | 66.85 | (63.46 - 70.08) | 66.11 | (62.77 - 69.30) | 75.24 | (71.68 - 78.49) |
| District of Columbia | 75.29 | (72.66 - 77.75) | 65.22 | (61.66 - 68.62) | 69.73 | (66.33 - 72.92) | 77.42 | (74.16 - 80.38) |
| Florida | 74.85 | (73.35 - 76.28) | 66.55 | (64.62 - 68.43) | 68.97 | (66.98 - 70.90) | 76.63 | (74.82 - 78.34) |
| Georgia | 71.37 | (68.65 - 73.95) | 64.22 | (60.82 - 67.47) | 66.68 | (63.30 - 69.90) | 73.17 | (69.79 - 76.30) |
| Hawaii | 72.05 | (69.06 - 74.85) | 67.01 | (63.15 - 70.65) | 66.61 | (62.67 - 70.34) | 73.46 | (69.83 - 76.80) |
| Idaho | 65.77 | (62.89 - 68.54) | 64.43 | (60.89 - 67.82) | 60.34 | (56.68 - 63.88) | 66.95 | (63.34 - 70.37) |
| Illinois | 69.14 | (67.52 - 70.71) | 65.15 | (63.20 - 67.05) | 62.26 | (60.25 - 64.22) | 70.90 | (68.88 - 72.84) |
| Indiana | 66.16 | (63.26 - 68.94) | 64.61 | (61.31 - 67.78) | 59.06 | (55.51 - 62.53) | 67.59 | (63.99 - 70.99) |
| Iowa | 65.32 | (62.27 - 68.25) | 61.65 | (58.18 - 65.01) | 58.43 | (54.84 - 61.92) | 67.01 | (63.23 - 70.58) |
| Kansas | 64.89 | (61.92 - 67.74) | 58.79 | (55.12 - 62.36) | 61.61 | (57.89 - 65.20) | 66.31 | (62.60 - 69.83) |
| Kentucky | 62.29 | (59.18 - 65.30) | 63.41 | (59.93 - 66.75) | 55.85 | (52.22 - 59.42) | 63.18 | (59.40 - 66.80) |
| Louisiana | 71.96 | (69.21 - 74.56) | 65.08 | (61.54 - 68.46) | 65.06 | (61.68 - 68.31) | 74.20 | (70.75 - 77.37) |
| Maine | 68.71 | (65.81 - 71.47) | 67.35 | (64.11 - 70.43) | 60.95 | (57.42 - 64.37) | 69.95 | (66.45 - 73.23) |
| Maryland | 74.90 | (71.98 - 77.60) | 65.98 | (62.46 - 69.33) | 69.66 | (66.02 - 73.07) | 76.89 | (73.36 - 80.07) |
| Massachusetts | 75.91 | (73.40 - 78.26) | 70.34 | (67.07 - 73.42) | 68.40 | (64.82 - 71.78) | 77.89 | (74.78 - 80.71) |
| Michigan | 68.24 | (66.60 - 69.83) | 64.08 | (62.22 - 65.89) | 62.54 | (60.63 - 64.41) | 69.75 | (67.72 - 71.71) |
| Minnesota | 68.10 | (65.04 - 71.01) | 67.41 | (63.95 - 70.69) | 60.77 | (57.31 - 64.12) | 69.44 | (65.71 - 72.94) |
| Mississippi | 69.22 | (66.35 - 71.94) | 60.99 | (57.43 - 64.43) | 63.50 | (60.15 - 66.73) | 71.42 | (67.84 - 74.76) |
| Missouri | 66.34 | (63.36 - 69.20) | 61.97 | (58.37 - 65.44) | 58.80 | (55.19 - 62.32) | 68.16 | (64.45 - 71.66) |
| Montana | 67.99 | (65.07 - 70.77) | 64.27 | (60.93 - 67.47) | 60.50 | (57.05 - 63.86) | 69.73 | (66.11 - 73.12) |
| Nebraska | 67.08 | (64.22 - 69.83) | 62.38 | (58.96 - 65.67) | 60.22 | (56.67 - 63.66) | 69.02 | (65.41 - 72.41) |
| Nevada | 70.59 | (67.60 - 73.41) | 65.85 | (62.19 - 69.33) | 67.69 | (64.01 - 71.16) | 71.64 | (68.01 - 75.00) |
| New Hampshire | 69.68 | (66.67 - 72.54) | 64.70 | (61.23 - 68.02) | 64.34 | (60.83 - 67.71) | 71.11 | (67.43 - 74.53) |
| New Jersey | 73.89 | (71.18 - 76.43) | 67.23 | (63.88 - 70.41) | 68.95 | (65.30 - 72.37) | 75.46 | (72.17 - 78.49) |
| New Mexico | 72.63 | (69.96 - 75.14) | 63.49 | (60.07 - 66.78) | 64.48 | (60.87 - 67.94) | 75.30 | (71.99 - 78.34) |
| New York | 76.41 | (74.84 - 77.90) | 71.09 | (69.06 - 73.05) | 69.63 | (67.63 - 71.56) | 78.24 | (76.33 - 80.04) |
| North Carolina | 68.97 | (66.04 - 71.75) | 66.79 | (63.33 - 70.07) | 63.56 | (60.09 - 66.90) | 70.14 | (66.54 - 73.50) |
| North Dakota | 68.20 | (65.32 - 70.94) | 65.63 | (62.30 - 68.83) | 63.90 | (60.40 - 67.26) | 69.51 | (65.84 - 72.95) |
| Ohio | 66.37 | (64.75 - 67.95) | 64.16 | (62.28 - 65.99) | 60.54 | (58.60 - 62.44) | 67.60 | (65.58 - 69.55) |
| Oklahoma | 66.20 | (63.20 - 69.08) | 58.74 | (55.01 - 62.37) | 59.93 | (55.91 - 63.82) | 68.32 | (64.62 - 71.81) |
| Oregon | 70.35 | (67.40 - 73.13) | 65.20 | (61.92 - 68.35) | 60.47 | (56.83 - 64.00) | 72.51 | (68.90 - 75.86) |
| Pennsylvania | 68.78 | (66.99 - 70.52) | 63.44 | (61.32 - 65.52) | 61.85 | (59.64 - 64.01) | 70.55 | (68.35 - 72.65) |
| Rhode Island | 71.55 | (68.55 - 74.37) | 65.34 | (61.72 - 68.79) | 67.26 | (63.64 - 70.69) | 73.08 | (69.43 - 76.45) |
| South Carolina | 70.33 | (67.43 - 73.07) | 62.06 | (58.54 - 65.45) | 63.05 | (59.52 - 66.43) | 72.53 | (68.96 - 75.83) |
| South Dakota | 66.42 | (63.35 - 69.36) | 64.35 | (60.66 - 67.88) | 62.17 | (58.44 - 65.76) | 67.45 | (63.64 - 71.06) |
| Tennessee | 66.02 | (62.80 - 69.10) | 61.01 | (57.58 - 64.33) | 57.95 | (54.19 - 61.63) | 67.89 | (63.94 - 71.60) |
| Texas | 72.12 | (70.57 - 73.61) | 63.54 | (61.60 - 65.44) | 65.76 | (63.77 - 67.70) | 74.57 | (72.59 - 76.44) |
| Utah | 73.78 | (71.30 - 76.12) | 72.63 | (69.29 - 75.74) | 68.59 | (64.93 - 72.03) | 75.27 | (72.06 - 78.22) |
| Vermont | 70.96 | (68.07 - 73.69) | 65.59 | (62.08 - 68.94) | 64.50 | (60.87 - 67.97) | 72.66 | (69.14 - 75.91) |
| Virginia | 71.93 | (69.09 - 74.60) | 66.41 | (63.06 - 69.60) | 65.70 | (62.22 - 69.01) | 73.68 | (70.22 - 76.87) |
| Washington | 71.23 | (68.60 - 73.72) | 66.20 | (62.85 - 69.40) | 63.17 | (59.66 - 66.55) | 73.14 | (69.94 - 76.12) |
| West Virginia | 64.61 | (61.53 - 67.58) | 61.44 | (57.99 - 64.79) | 56.98 | (53.28 - 60.59) | 66.09 | (62.33 - 69.66) |
| Wisconsin | 68.62 | (65.77 - 71.34) | 67.47 | (64.27 - 70.52) | 62.45 | (58.81 - 65.95) | 69.84 | (66.32 - 73.14) |
| Wyoming | 68.92 | (66.12 - 71.58) | 66.90 | (63.60 - 70.04) | 60.67 | (57.13 - 64.09) | 70.68 | (67.23 - 73.91) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 7.27 | (7.04 - 7.50) | 4.59 | (4.32 - 4.87) | 15.91 | (15.42 - 16.42) | 6.10 | (5.83 - 6.39) |
| Northeast | 7.25 | (6.83 - 7.69) | 4.61 | (4.18 - 5.08) | 16.96 | (15.95 - 18.02) | 5.92 | (5.43 - 6.46) |
| Midwest | 7.46 | (7.12 - 7.81) | 4.58 | (4.25 - 4.94) | 16.81 | (15.96 - 17.69) | 6.19 | (5.78 - 6.62) |
| South | 6.82 | (6.50 - 7.17) | 4.18 | (3.83 - 4.56) | 14.60 | (13.80 - 15.45) | 5.82 | (5.43 - 6.25) |
| West | 7.80 | (7.33 - 8.31) | 5.20 | (4.69 - 5.77) | 16.28 | (15.22 - 17.39) | 6.61 | (6.03 - 7.23) |
| Alabama | 6.82 | (5.68 - 8.18) | 4.30 | (3.32 - 5.54) | 13.69 | (11.46 - 16.28) | 5.96 | (4.69 - 7.55) |
| Alaska | 7.80 | (6.52 - 9.30) | 4.91 | (3.79 - 6.33) | 15.52 | (13.05 - 18.38) | 6.69 | (5.26 - 8.47) |
| Arizona | 7.74 | (6.46 - 9.26) | 4.88 | (3.77 - 6.30) | 17.00 | (14.41 - 19.94) | 6.55 | (5.12 - 8.34) |
| Arkansas | 6.58 | (5.50 - 7.86) | 4.54 | (3.50 - 5.87) | 14.23 | (11.92 - 16.91) | 5.57 | (4.38 - 7.06) |
| California | 8.02 | (7.28 - 8.82) | 5.39 | (4.58 - 6.33) | 15.93 | (14.40 - 17.59) | 6.88 | (6.00 - 7.87) |
| Colorado | 8.71 | (7.37 - 10.26) | 5.68 | (4.38 - 7.33) | 20.07 | (17.44 - 22.99) | 7.11 | (5.63 - 8.95) |
| Connecticut | 7.85 | (6.60 - 9.31) | 4.82 | (3.73 - 6.20) | 18.62 | (15.78 - 21.84) | 6.46 | (5.10 - 8.17) |
| Delaware | 7.27 | (6.06 - 8.71) | 4.76 | (3.67 - 6.14) | 16.65 | (14.20 - 19.42) | 6.02 | (4.69 - 7.69) |
| District of Columbia | 9.48 | (8.00 - 11.21) | 3.32 | (2.46 - 4.46) | 17.21 | (14.67 - 20.10) | 8.34 | (6.68 - 10.36) |
| Florida | 6.78 | (6.09 - 7.55) | 4.44 | (3.75 - 5.24) | 13.80 | (12.40 - 15.33) | 5.98 | (5.17 - 6.90) |
| Georgia | 6.31 | (5.25 - 7.58) | 3.65 | (2.76 - 4.81) | 14.13 | (11.95 - 16.62) | 5.31 | (4.13 - 6.81) |
| Hawaii | 7.71 | (6.32 - 9.38) | 5.49 | (4.04 - 7.42) | 17.14 | (14.18 - 20.58) | 6.46 | (4.96 - 8.36) |
| Idaho | 7.53 | (6.38 - 8.86) | 5.23 | (4.11 - 6.62) | 16.51 | (14.07 - 19.28) | 6.21 | (4.93 - 7.80) |
| Illinois | 7.21 | (6.52 - 7.97) | 4.11 | (3.46 - 4.88) | 16.91 | (15.42 - 18.52) | 5.86 | (5.05 - 6.80) |
| Indiana | 7.22 | (6.09 - 8.53) | 4.41 | (3.45 - 5.61) | 15.99 | (13.59 - 18.72) | 6.06 | (4.82 - 7.61) |
| Iowa | 8.25 | (7.03 - 9.66) | 5.44 | (4.25 - 6.93) | 19.82 | (17.07 - 22.88) | 6.51 | (5.18 - 8.15) |
| Kansas | 7.94 | (6.76 - 9.30) | 5.35 | (4.22 - 6.77) | 17.92 | (15.37 - 20.79) | 6.37 | (5.06 - 8.00) |
| Kentucky | 6.14 | (5.12 - 7.35) | 4.08 | (3.11 - 5.34) | 14.03 | (11.76 - 16.67) | 5.13 | (4.02 - 6.52) |
| Louisiana | 6.60 | (5.50 - 7.89) | 3.40 | (2.53 - 4.56) | 14.20 | (11.98 - 16.77) | 5.58 | (4.34 - 7.13) |
| Maine | 6.45 | (5.39 - 7.69) | 4.09 | (3.09 - 5.40) | 16.64 | (14.11 - 19.53) | 5.25 | (4.12 - 6.67) |
| Maryland | 6.41 | (5.21 - 7.86) | 3.30 | (2.45 - 4.43) | 13.82 | (11.37 - 16.70) | 5.54 | (4.24 - 7.21) |
| Massachusetts | 8.30 | (7.08 - 9.71) | 5.16 | (4.04 - 6.55) | 19.91 | (17.26 - 22.85) | 6.60 | (5.28 - 8.24) |
| Michigan | 7.69 | (6.95 - 8.50) | 4.49 | (3.82 - 5.28) | 15.76 | (14.30 - 17.34) | 6.72 | (5.85 - 7.70) |
| Minnesota | 7.81 | (6.62 - 9.19) | 4.86 | (3.78 - 6.21) | 17.57 | (15.12 - 20.32) | 6.49 | (5.17 - 8.12) |
| Mississippi | 6.49 | (5.44 - 7.74) | 3.75 | (2.88 - 4.89) | 13.54 | (11.43 - 15.96) | 5.56 | (4.36 - 7.06) |
| Missouri | 6.63 | (5.53 - 7.93) | 4.62 | (3.61 - 5.88) | 14.82 | (12.44 - 17.56) | 5.50 | (4.29 - 7.02) |
| Montana | 9.25 | (7.89 - 10.82) | 6.65 | (5.16 - 8.52) | 22.93 | (19.92 - 26.26) | 7.17 | (5.67 - 9.03) |
| Nebraska | 7.63 | (6.46 - 8.98) | 4.60 | (3.55 - 5.94) | 18.00 | (15.43 - 20.90) | 6.02 | (4.76 - 7.59) |
| Nevada | 8.44 | (7.08 - 10.04) | 5.38 | (4.14 - 6.97) | 18.13 | (15.53 - 21.05) | 7.34 | (5.80 - 9.25) |
| New Hampshire | 7.49 | (6.31 - 8.87) | 5.24 | (4.09 - 6.71) | 18.73 | (16.14 - 21.63) | 5.97 | (4.68 - 7.58) |
| New Jersey | 6.40 | (5.30 - 7.71) | 3.92 | (2.99 - 5.13) | 14.52 | (12.29 - 17.07) | 5.45 | (4.23 - 6.99) |
| New Mexico | 7.66 | (6.43 - 9.09) | 5.45 | (4.23 - 7.00) | 16.23 | (13.75 - 19.07) | 6.37 | (5.02 - 8.06) |
| New York | 7.35 | (6.61 - 8.15) | 4.97 | (4.22 - 5.84) | 16.60 | (15.11 - 18.20) | 5.99 | (5.14 - 6.97) |
| North Carolina | 6.27 | (5.24 - 7.50) | 3.62 | (2.77 - 4.73) | 13.80 | (11.66 - 16.26) | 5.34 | (4.19 - 6.79) |
| North Dakota | 8.37 | (7.22 - 9.68) | 4.55 | (3.55 - 5.82) | 19.76 | (17.20 - 22.59) | 6.18 | (4.92 - 7.74) |
| Ohio | 7.37 | (6.68 - 8.12) | 4.64 | (3.99 - 5.39) | 16.92 | (15.51 - 18.43) | 6.15 | (5.32 - 7.08) |
| Oklahoma | 7.69 | (6.48 - 9.10) | 4.76 | (3.69 - 6.13) | 16.32 | (13.66 - 19.38) | 6.48 | (5.14 - 8.13) |
| Oregon | 7.98 | (6.72 - 9.44) | 5.13 | (3.98 - 6.60) | 16.52 | (14.07 - 19.31) | 6.93 | (5.51 - 8.68) |
| Pennsylvania | 6.84 | (6.11 - 7.66) | 4.16 | (3.49 - 4.95) | 16.58 | (14.98 - 18.32) | 5.55 | (4.71 - 6.53) |
| Rhode Island | 8.75 | (7.26 - 10.52) | 4.59 | (3.50 - 6.00) | 18.09 | (15.33 - 21.23) | 7.48 | (5.83 - 9.54) |
| South Carolina | 8.05 | (6.66 - 9.71) | 3.88 | (2.98 - 5.05) | 14.50 | (12.16 - 17.22) | 7.49 | (5.87 - 9.50) |
| South Dakota | 9.14 | (7.74 - 10.76) | 6.44 | (4.98 - 8.29) | 20.26 | (17.37 - 23.50) | 7.44 | (5.90 - 9.35) |
| Tennessee | 6.39 | (5.29 - 7.69) | 3.70 | (2.85 - 4.79) | 14.00 | (11.79 - 16.56) | 5.51 | (4.28 - 7.05) |
| Texas | 6.91 | (6.25 - 7.64) | 4.58 | (3.88 - 5.40) | 14.74 | (13.35 - 16.26) | 5.76 | (4.98 - 6.65) |
| Utah | 5.71 | (4.70 - 6.93) | 4.00 | (3.02 - 5.29) | 11.53 | (9.42 - 14.05) | 4.58 | (3.45 - 6.05) |
| Vermont | 7.97 | (6.76 - 9.37) | 4.85 | (3.76 - 6.24) | 19.85 | (17.13 - 22.88) | 6.25 | (4.92 - 7.93) |
| Virginia | 8.12 | (6.90 - 9.53) | 5.02 | (3.90 - 6.43) | 18.83 | (16.26 - 21.69) | 6.63 | (5.26 - 8.31) |
| Washington | 6.40 | (5.34 - 7.65) | 4.29 | (3.28 - 5.58) | 15.16 | (12.77 - 17.90) | 5.22 | (4.08 - 6.66) |
| West Virginia | 6.06 | (5.02 - 7.29) | 4.25 | (3.28 - 5.47) | 14.16 | (11.92 - 16.74) | 5.02 | (3.90 - 6.44) |
| Wisconsin | 7.53 | (6.35 - 8.90) | 4.53 | (3.53 - 5.80) | 16.81 | (14.30 - 19.65) | 6.27 | (4.97 - 7.88) |
| Wyoming | 7.86 | (6.68 - 9.23) | 5.86 | (4.54 - 7.53) | 17.94 | (15.41 - 20.78) | 6.26 | (4.95 - 7.90) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Dependence is based on the definition found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.42 | (3.26 - 3.59) | 1.81 | (1.65 - 1.98) | 6.58 | (6.27 - 6.91) | 3.07 | (2.88 - 3.28) |
| Northeast | 3.37 | (3.08 - 3.70) | 1.84 | (1.59 - 2.13) | 6.99 | (6.41 - 7.62) | 2.95 | (2.59 - 3.36) |
| Midwest | 3.38 | (3.15 - 3.62) | 1.76 | (1.56 - 1.97) | 7.01 | (6.55 - 7.49) | 2.95 | (2.66 - 3.27) |
| South | 3.23 | (2.99 - 3.49) | 1.65 | (1.46 - 1.87) | 5.98 | (5.56 - 6.43) | 2.96 | (2.66 - 3.29) |
| West | 3.79 | (3.45 - 4.18) | 2.07 | (1.75 - 2.45) | 6.80 | (6.17 - 7.48) | 3.47 | (3.04 - 3.97) |
| Alabama | 3.21 | (2.53 - 4.07) | 1.57 | (1.12 - 2.19) | 5.82 | (4.51 - 7.48) | 2.97 | (2.15 - 4.08) |
| Alaska | 3.73 | (2.95 - 4.71) | 1.68 | (1.20 - 2.37) | 6.33 | (4.86 - 8.20) | 3.51 | (2.56 - 4.80) |
| Arizona | 3.83 | (2.98 - 4.90) | 1.95 | (1.37 - 2.76) | 7.42 | (5.78 - 9.49) | 3.46 | (2.46 - 4.86) |
| Arkansas | 3.17 | (2.52 - 3.98) | 1.91 | (1.34 - 2.71) | 6.27 | (4.87 - 8.03) | 2.81 | (2.05 - 3.85) |
| California | 3.99 | (3.45 - 4.62) | 2.15 | (1.67 - 2.76) | 6.58 | (5.64 - 7.67) | 3.75 | (3.08 - 4.57) |
| Colorado | 3.71 | (2.94 - 4.66) | 2.02 | (1.46 - 2.79) | 6.90 | (5.42 - 8.75) | 3.36 | (2.45 - 4.58) |
| Connecticut | 3.24 | (2.54 - 4.13) | 1.93 | (1.34 - 2.76) | 6.74 | (5.21 - 8.68) | 2.84 | (2.03 - 3.95) |
| Delaware | 3.20 | (2.53 - 4.05) | 1.92 | (1.37 - 2.68) | 6.69 | (5.29 - 8.43) | 2.78 | (1.98 - 3.89) |
| District of Columbia | 4.64 | (3.69 - 5.80) | 1.34 | (0.89 - 2.00) | 7.19 | (5.71 - 9.02) | 4.37 | (3.22 - 5.90) |
| Florida | 3.42 | (2.90 - 4.02) | 1.76 | (1.37 - 2.26) | 5.62 | (4.76 - 6.62) | 3.26 | (2.64 - 4.03) |
| Georgia | 2.89 | (2.21 - 3.78) | 1.40 | (0.95 - 2.04) | 5.32 | (4.07 - 6.91) | 2.67 | (1.84 - 3.87) |
| Hawaii | 3.50 | (2.70 - 4.52) | 2.07 | (1.35 - 3.14) | 7.44 | (5.67 - 9.71) | 3.03 | (2.13 - 4.29) |
| Idaho | 3.48 | (2.82 - 4.29) | 1.93 | (1.40 - 2.65) | 7.21 | (5.73 - 9.03) | 3.02 | (2.23 - 4.08) |
| Illinois | 3.34 | (2.87 - 3.87) | 1.57 | (1.21 - 2.02) | 7.57 | (6.57 - 8.70) | 2.80 | (2.25 - 3.49) |
| Indiana | 3.22 | (2.58 - 4.02) | 1.90 | (1.37 - 2.64) | 7.32 | (5.81 - 9.18) | 2.69 | (1.93 - 3.73) |
| Iowa | 3.42 | (2.73 - 4.28) | 2.13 | (1.54 - 2.95) | 7.67 | (6.11 - 9.58) | 2.81 | (2.00 - 3.93) |
| Kansas | 3.24 | (2.62 - 4.01) | 1.91 | (1.37 - 2.66) | 7.45 | (5.88 - 9.39) | 2.62 | (1.89 - 3.61) |
| Kentucky | 2.88 | (2.22 - 3.75) | 1.61 | (1.10 - 2.33) | 5.76 | (4.42 - 7.48) | 2.58 | (1.80 - 3.67) |
| Louisiana | 3.13 | (2.48 - 3.95) | 1.47 | (1.04 - 2.07) | 5.88 | (4.61 - 7.47) | 2.83 | (2.05 - 3.90) |
| Maine | 2.99 | (2.32 - 3.85) | 1.58 | (1.09 - 2.29) | 6.43 | (5.06 - 8.13) | 2.65 | (1.88 - 3.73) |
| Maryland | 3.34 | (2.59 - 4.30) | 1.52 | (1.06 - 2.18) | 5.77 | (4.42 - 7.48) | 3.16 | (2.26 - 4.40) |
| Massachusetts | 3.64 | (2.94 - 4.50) | 1.95 | (1.41 - 2.70) | 7.82 | (6.28 - 9.70) | 3.09 | (2.27 - 4.20) |
| Michigan | 3.66 | (3.16 - 4.23) | 1.73 | (1.38 - 2.19) | 6.05 | (5.23 - 7.01) | 3.49 | (2.88 - 4.23) |
| Minnesota | 3.82 | (3.05 - 4.76) | 1.96 | (1.41 - 2.70) | 7.46 | (5.95 - 9.33) | 3.42 | (2.51 - 4.64) |
| Mississippi | 3.15 | (2.51 - 3.96) | 1.41 | (0.98 - 2.01) | 5.93 | (4.66 - 7.52) | 2.88 | (2.09 - 3.95) |
| Missouri | 3.14 | (2.48 - 3.97) | 1.74 | (1.25 - 2.41) | 6.05 | (4.70 - 7.76) | 2.82 | (2.04 - 3.90) |
| Montana | 3.71 | (2.98 - 4.60) | 2.54 | (1.75 - 3.68) | 9.76 | (7.82 - 12.12) | 2.79 | (1.97 - 3.93) |
| Nebraska | 3.16 | (2.50 - 3.99) | 1.70 | (1.21 - 2.38) | 6.54 | (5.12 - 8.31) | 2.70 | (1.93 - 3.76) |
| Nevada | 3.71 | (2.94 - 4.68) | 2.01 | (1.41 - 2.85) | 7.77 | (6.15 - 9.78) | 3.30 | (2.39 - 4.56) |
| New Hampshire | 3.31 | (2.64 - 4.14) | 2.11 | (1.51 - 2.94) | 7.39 | (5.82 - 9.33) | 2.80 | (2.05 - 3.83) |
| New Jersey | 3.05 | (2.37 - 3.92) | 1.63 | (1.15 - 2.30) | 5.91 | (4.57 - 7.61) | 2.78 | (1.98 - 3.89) |
| New Mexico | 3.93 | (3.10 - 4.98) | 2.22 | (1.58 - 3.12) | 7.62 | (6.07 - 9.53) | 3.48 | (2.50 - 4.82) |
| New York | 3.62 | (3.11 - 4.21) | 2.05 | (1.61 - 2.61) | 7.48 | (6.49 - 8.61) | 3.12 | (2.50 - 3.89) |
| North Carolina | 3.15 | (2.51 - 3.95) | 1.53 | (1.08 - 2.18) | 5.77 | (4.50 - 7.39) | 2.91 | (2.14 - 3.94) |
| North Dakota | 3.64 | (2.98 - 4.45) | 1.85 | (1.32 - 2.58) | 7.91 | (6.37 - 9.78) | 2.86 | (2.09 - 3.92) |
| Ohio | 3.18 | (2.74 - 3.69) | 1.65 | (1.30 - 2.07) | 6.97 | (6.11 - 7.94) | 2.76 | (2.23 - 3.40) |
| Oklahoma | 3.11 | (2.48 - 3.89) | 1.67 | (1.17 - 2.36) | 6.69 | (5.17 - 8.62) | 2.63 | (1.91 - 3.63) |
| Oregon | 4.09 | (3.19 - 5.24) | 2.09 | (1.48 - 2.94) | 6.68 | (5.25 - 8.47) | 3.90 | (2.83 - 5.36) |
| Pennsylvania | 3.10 | (2.63 - 3.66) | 1.56 | (1.20 - 2.03) | 6.46 | (5.52 - 7.55) | 2.73 | (2.16 - 3.44) |
| Rhode Island | 3.94 | (3.11 - 4.97) | 1.87 | (1.33 - 2.63) | 7.32 | (5.66 - 9.43) | 3.54 | (2.57 - 4.86) |
| South Carolina | 3.97 | (3.04 - 5.16) | 1.41 | (0.95 - 2.09) | 5.42 | (4.17 - 7.02) | 4.03 | (2.88 - 5.61) |
| South Dakota | 3.69 | (2.95 - 4.62) | 2.35 | (1.65 - 3.32) | 7.96 | (6.29 - 10.02) | 3.08 | (2.21 - 4.29) |
| Tennessee | 3.21 | (2.51 - 4.09) | 1.54 | (1.09 - 2.16) | 5.71 | (4.40 - 7.38) | 3.01 | (2.18 - 4.14) |
| Texas | 3.14 | (2.71 - 3.65) | 1.82 | (1.44 - 2.31) | 6.03 | (5.20 - 6.98) | 2.79 | (2.25 - 3.44) |
| Utah | 2.94 | (2.32 - 3.71) | 1.88 | (1.31 - 2.68) | 5.44 | (4.13 - 7.13) | 2.50 | (1.76 - 3.55) |
| Vermont | 3.74 | (2.98 - 4.69) | 1.85 | (1.31 - 2.61) | 7.19 | (5.66 - 9.10) | 3.35 | (2.44 - 4.59) |
| Virginia | 3.34 | (2.69 - 4.15) | 1.81 | (1.30 - 2.51) | 7.87 | (6.31 - 9.78) | 2.74 | (1.99 - 3.76) |
| Washington | 3.06 | (2.42 - 3.86) | 1.83 | (1.28 - 2.60) | 6.85 | (5.41 - 8.64) | 2.59 | (1.85 - 3.61) |
| West Virginia | 3.17 | (2.46 - 4.09) | 1.74 | (1.22 - 2.48) | 6.12 | (4.76 - 7.85) | 2.88 | (2.04 - 4.05) |
| Wisconsin | 3.42 | (2.72 - 4.29) | 1.78 | (1.28 - 2.47) | 6.94 | (5.48 - 8.77) | 3.01 | (2.19 - 4.12) |
| Wyoming | 3.58 | (2.89 - 4.43) | 2.14 | (1.53 - 2.98) | 7.96 | (6.40 - 9.87) | 2.95 | (2.14 - 4.05) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 2.82 | (2.69 - 2.95) | 4.52 | (4.27 - 4.78) | 7.80 | (7.46 - 8.15) | 1.74 | (1.60 - 1.90) |
| Northeast | 2.94 | (2.71 - 3.18) | 4.54 | (4.11 - 5.00) | 8.78 | (8.13 - 9.48) | 1.76 | (1.52 - 2.04) |
| Midwest | 2.68 | (2.50 - 2.87) | 4.41 | (4.06 - 4.79) | 7.53 | (7.06 - 8.03) | 1.61 | (1.42 - 1.83) |
| South | 2.70 | (2.52 - 2.88) | 4.21 | (3.88 - 4.57) | 7.15 | (6.71 - 7.62) | 1.74 | (1.55 - 1.96) |
| West | 3.06 | (2.80 - 3.35) | 5.07 | (4.58 - 5.62) | 8.28 | (7.60 - 9.01) | 1.85 | (1.57 - 2.18) |
| Alabama | 2.68 | (2.10 - 3.41) | 3.94 | (2.99 - 5.17) | 6.81 | (5.27 - 8.75) | 1.81 | (1.24 - 2.63) |
| Alaska | 2.79 | (2.22 - 3.50) | 4.48 | (3.37 - 5.95) | 7.19 | (5.53 - 9.29) | 1.68 | (1.15 - 2.46) |
| Arizona | 3.06 | (2.41 - 3.87) | 4.87 | (3.65 - 6.46) | 8.15 | (6.46 - 10.25) | 1.96 | (1.32 - 2.88) |
| Arkansas | 2.63 | (2.09 - 3.30) | 4.25 | (3.24 - 5.57) | 6.52 | (5.12 - 8.26) | 1.78 | (1.25 - 2.55) |
| California | 3.15 | (2.75 - 3.60) | 5.11 | (4.35 - 6.00) | 8.20 | (7.17 - 9.37) | 1.92 | (1.49 - 2.46) |
| Colorado | 3.19 | (2.55 - 3.99) | 6.25 | (4.82 - 8.08) | 9.38 | (7.52 - 11.65) | 1.76 | (1.17 - 2.65) |
| Connecticut | 2.91 | (2.30 - 3.67) | 4.42 | (3.37 - 5.79) | 9.05 | (7.19 - 11.34) | 1.72 | (1.15 - 2.55) |
| Delaware | 2.77 | (2.21 - 3.47) | 4.89 | (3.72 - 6.41) | 8.33 | (6.64 - 10.40) | 1.60 | (1.07 - 2.40) |
| District of Columbia | 3.85 | (2.97 - 4.98) | 3.76 | (2.74 - 5.14) | 7.10 | (5.53 - 9.08) | 3.15 | (2.18 - 4.53) |
| Florida | 2.71 | (2.34 - 3.14) | 4.33 | (3.64 - 5.15) | 7.39 | (6.43 - 8.47) | 1.83 | (1.43 - 2.35) |
| Georgia | 2.22 | (1.71 - 2.88) | 3.86 | (2.86 - 5.20) | 5.80 | (4.44 - 7.55) | 1.37 | (0.87 - 2.16) |
| Hawaii | 2.57 | (1.97 - 3.34) | 4.07 | (2.97 - 5.54) | 7.40 | (5.60 - 9.70) | 1.65 | (1.07 - 2.52) |
| Idaho | 3.14 | (2.52 - 3.91) | 4.56 | (3.46 - 5.98) | 8.30 | (6.62 - 10.36) | 2.00 | (1.39 - 2.87) |
| Illinois | 2.67 | (2.33 - 3.07) | 4.32 | (3.63 - 5.13) | 7.99 | (6.96 - 9.16) | 1.50 | (1.15 - 1.96) |
| Indiana | 2.98 | (2.38 - 3.72) | 4.21 | (3.20 - 5.54) | 8.04 | (6.39 - 10.07) | 1.94 | (1.34 - 2.79) |
| Iowa | 2.09 | (1.59 - 2.74) | 4.85 | (3.61 - 6.49) | 5.48 | (4.05 - 7.38) | 1.14 | (0.69 - 1.88) |
| Kansas | 2.52 | (1.99 - 3.18) | 3.93 | (2.95 - 5.22) | 7.41 | (5.81 - 9.41) | 1.40 | (0.92 - 2.12) |
| Kentucky | 2.68 | (2.15 - 3.34) | 4.71 | (3.58 - 6.17) | 7.83 | (6.28 - 9.71) | 1.62 | (1.11 - 2.36) |
| Louisiana | 2.70 | (2.15 - 3.37) | 3.73 | (2.86 - 4.85) | 7.29 | (5.78 - 9.16) | 1.68 | (1.14 - 2.47) |
| Maine | 2.60 | (2.06 - 3.27) | 3.99 | (3.01 - 5.29) | 9.75 | (7.78 - 12.15) | 1.43 | (0.96 - 2.15) |
| Maryland | 2.95 | (2.31 - 3.75) | 3.93 | (2.94 - 5.22) | 8.45 | (6.65 - 10.68) | 1.90 | (1.29 - 2.80) |
| Massachusetts | 3.31 | (2.65 - 4.14) | 5.27 | (4.07 - 6.82) | 9.24 | (7.38 - 11.51) | 2.04 | (1.40 - 2.95) |
| Michigan | 2.75 | (2.39 - 3.15) | 4.40 | (3.74 - 5.17) | 7.62 | (6.68 - 8.68) | 1.70 | (1.32 - 2.17) |
| Minnesota | 2.49 | (1.98 - 3.12) | 4.15 | (3.14 - 5.48) | 7.37 | (5.87 - 9.21) | 1.45 | (0.98 - 2.15) |
| Mississippi | 2.98 | (2.39 - 3.71) | 3.97 | (2.99 - 5.26) | 7.45 | (5.96 - 9.27) | 2.01 | (1.41 - 2.86) |
| Missouri | 2.67 | (2.14 - 3.34) | 4.18 | (3.19 - 5.45) | 7.87 | (6.22 - 9.91) | 1.61 | (1.10 - 2.35) |
| Montana | 2.70 | (2.17 - 3.37) | 4.97 | (3.82 - 6.43) | 7.99 | (6.41 - 9.92) | 1.52 | (1.02 - 2.26) |
| Nebraska | 2.24 | (1.73 - 2.89) | 3.90 | (2.93 - 5.17) | 5.64 | (4.31 - 7.34) | 1.37 | (0.88 - 2.11) |
| Nevada | 2.90 | (2.25 - 3.74) | 4.37 | (3.21 - 5.94) | 7.04 | (5.48 - 9.00) | 2.08 | (1.41 - 3.06) |
| New Hampshire | 3.41 | (2.74 - 4.24) | 6.49 | (4.95 - 8.47) | 10.58 | (8.63 - 12.91) | 1.92 | (1.28 - 2.86) |
| New Jersey | 2.59 | (2.04 - 3.28) | 3.93 | (2.96 - 5.21) | 7.75 | (6.09 - 9.82) | 1.63 | (1.10 - 2.40) |
| New Mexico | 3.17 | (2.54 - 3.95) | 6.80 | (5.29 - 8.69) | 8.31 | (6.64 - 10.36) | 1.76 | (1.17 - 2.65) |
| New York | 2.99 | (2.60 - 3.44) | 4.49 | (3.76 - 5.35) | 8.97 | (7.87 - 10.21) | 1.75 | (1.35 - 2.27) |
| North Carolina | 2.76 | (2.18 - 3.50) | 4.10 | (3.14 - 5.34) | 7.75 | (6.16 - 9.71) | 1.77 | (1.21 - 2.59) |
| North Dakota | 2.03 | (1.55 - 2.66) | 3.88 | (2.83 - 5.28) | 5.24 | (3.90 - 6.99) | 1.06 | (0.64 - 1.77) |
| Ohio | 2.85 | (2.49 - 3.26) | 4.57 | (3.89 - 5.36) | 8.03 | (7.09 - 9.08) | 1.79 | (1.40 - 2.28) |
| Oklahoma | 3.09 | (2.45 - 3.91) | 4.83 | (3.61 - 6.43) | 8.06 | (6.29 - 10.28) | 1.95 | (1.33 - 2.85) |
| Oregon | 3.18 | (2.54 - 3.97) | 5.53 | (4.32 - 7.06) | 9.14 | (7.28 - 11.42) | 1.95 | (1.34 - 2.84) |
| Pennsylvania | 2.83 | (2.45 - 3.28) | 4.50 | (3.75 - 5.38) | 8.24 | (7.18 - 9.44) | 1.75 | (1.35 - 2.27) |
| Rhode Island | 3.42 | (2.72 - 4.28) | 5.14 | (3.90 - 6.73) | 10.35 | (8.25 - 12.92) | 1.91 | (1.27 - 2.84) |
| South Carolina | 2.84 | (2.24 - 3.61) | 4.02 | (3.03 - 5.32) | 7.03 | (5.52 - 8.92) | 2.01 | (1.39 - 2.90) |
| South Dakota | 2.38 | (1.85 - 3.05) | 4.93 | (3.67 - 6.58) | 5.91 | (4.51 - 7.71) | 1.42 | (0.92 - 2.18) |
| Tennessee | 2.60 | (2.05 - 3.28) | 4.05 | (3.08 - 5.30) | 6.52 | (5.07 - 8.35) | 1.81 | (1.25 - 2.60) |
| Texas | 2.62 | (2.28 - 3.01) | 4.35 | (3.65 - 5.18) | 6.57 | (5.68 - 7.58) | 1.62 | (1.25 - 2.08) |
| Utah | 2.97 | (2.40 - 3.66) | 4.73 | (3.66 - 6.08) | 7.24 | (5.69 - 9.17) | 1.62 | (1.10 - 2.38) |
| Vermont | 3.17 | (2.58 - 3.89) | 4.52 | (3.46 - 5.88) | 10.97 | (8.96 - 13.38) | 1.68 | (1.14 - 2.47) |
| Virginia | 2.86 | (2.28 - 3.58) | 4.65 | (3.57 - 6.03) | 8.06 | (6.42 - 10.06) | 1.74 | (1.18 - 2.55) |
| Washington | 2.72 | (2.17 - 3.41) | 4.25 | (3.23 - 5.57) | 9.03 | (7.20 - 11.26) | 1.51 | (1.01 - 2.25) |
| West Virginia | 2.70 | (2.10 - 3.46) | 3.47 | (2.51 - 4.79) | 8.79 | (7.02 - 10.95) | 1.70 | (1.13 - 2.56) |
| Wisconsin | 2.70 | (2.13 - 3.40) | 5.16 | (3.95 - 6.72) | 6.96 | (5.41 - 8.92) | 1.65 | (1.12 - 2.43) |
| Wyoming | 2.31 | (1.78 - 2.99) | 4.99 | (3.76 - 6.59) | 6.02 | (4.59 - 7.87) | 1.30 | (0.81 - 2.09) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Dependence is based on the definition found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 1.93 | (1.82 - 2.03) | 2.44 | (2.26 - 2.63) | 5.43 | (5.14 - 5.73) | 1.25 | (1.13 - 1.38) |
| Northeast | 2.13 | (1.93 - 2.35) | 2.51 | (2.20 - 2.86) | 6.41 | (5.83 - 7.05) | 1.36 | (1.15 - 1.61) |
| Midwest | 1.85 | (1.70 - 2.01) | 2.37 | (2.12 - 2.65) | 5.14 | (4.74 - 5.57) | 1.21 | (1.04 - 1.39) |
| South | 1.82 | (1.67 - 1.98) | 2.27 | (2.04 - 2.52) | 4.93 | (4.54 - 5.36) | 1.22 | (1.06 - 1.42) |
| West | 2.02 | (1.82 - 2.24) | 2.70 | (2.36 - 3.09) | 5.70 | (5.13 - 6.32) | 1.26 | (1.04 - 1.51) |
| Alabama | 1.78 | (1.36 - 2.32) | 2.11 | (1.51 - 2.94) | 4.85 | (3.57 - 6.55) | 1.20 | (0.82 - 1.78) |
| Alaska | 1.93 | (1.50 - 2.48) | 2.61 | (1.85 - 3.67) | 4.85 | (3.54 - 6.62) | 1.26 | (0.86 - 1.84) |
| Arizona | 1.94 | (1.50 - 2.51) | 2.63 | (1.85 - 3.74) | 5.63 | (4.18 - 7.55) | 1.23 | (0.83 - 1.81) |
| Arkansas | 1.86 | (1.42 - 2.43) | 2.36 | (1.68 - 3.32) | 4.45 | (3.22 - 6.11) | 1.37 | (0.95 - 1.98) |
| California | 2.05 | (1.76 - 2.40) | 2.62 | (2.11 - 3.24) | 5.76 | (4.88 - 6.78) | 1.27 | (0.98 - 1.66) |
| Colorado | 1.84 | (1.42 - 2.38) | 3.49 | (2.46 - 4.92) | 5.04 | (3.70 - 6.83) | 1.09 | (0.71 - 1.68) |
| Connecticut | 2.02 | (1.55 - 2.63) | 2.40 | (1.70 - 3.37) | 6.01 | (4.53 - 7.93) | 1.32 | (0.88 - 1.97) |
| Delaware | 2.09 | (1.65 - 2.66) | 2.90 | (2.04 - 4.10) | 6.72 | (5.08 - 8.84) | 1.24 | (0.84 - 1.82) |
| District of Columbia | 2.55 | (1.92 - 3.38) | 2.09 | (1.41 - 3.10) | 4.70 | (3.38 - 6.49) | 2.12 | (1.46 - 3.08) |
| Florida | 1.66 | (1.39 - 1.98) | 2.21 | (1.76 - 2.78) | 4.92 | (4.13 - 5.85) | 1.11 | (0.84 - 1.47) |
| Georgia | 1.45 | (1.05 - 2.00) | 2.11 | (1.44 - 3.07) | 3.48 | (2.40 - 5.01) | 1.00 | (0.62 - 1.62) |
| Hawaii | 1.55 | (1.15 - 2.09) | 2.04 | (1.38 - 3.02) | 4.56 | (3.18 - 6.49) | 1.02 | (0.65 - 1.60) |
| Idaho | 2.18 | (1.72 - 2.77) | 2.80 | (2.01 - 3.91) | 5.80 | (4.38 - 7.64) | 1.44 | (0.99 - 2.09) |
| Illinois | 1.87 | (1.59 - 2.20) | 2.20 | (1.69 - 2.86) | 5.67 | (4.82 - 6.66) | 1.14 | (0.86 - 1.52) |
| Indiana | 2.08 | (1.60 - 2.70) | 2.45 | (1.75 - 3.42) | 5.66 | (4.18 - 7.61) | 1.41 | (0.97 - 2.07) |
| Iowa | 1.41 | (1.04 - 1.91) | 2.84 | (1.98 - 4.06) | 3.42 | (2.36 - 4.94) | 0.87 | (0.53 - 1.44) |
| Kansas | 1.63 | (1.24 - 2.14) | 2.12 | (1.47 - 3.04) | 4.46 | (3.18 - 6.22) | 1.03 | (0.68 - 1.55) |
| Kentucky | 1.99 | (1.56 - 2.55) | 2.36 | (1.67 - 3.31) | 6.13 | (4.64 - 8.05) | 1.29 | (0.89 - 1.87) |
| Louisiana | 1.99 | (1.54 - 2.57) | 2.28 | (1.60 - 3.22) | 5.25 | (3.93 - 6.99) | 1.33 | (0.91 - 1.94) |
| Maine | 2.05 | (1.61 - 2.60) | 2.36 | (1.67 - 3.32) | 7.69 | (5.93 - 9.93) | 1.21 | (0.83 - 1.77) |
| Maryland | 2.12 | (1.62 - 2.78) | 2.18 | (1.52 - 3.10) | 6.04 | (4.44 - 8.18) | 1.45 | (0.98 - 2.14) |
| Massachusetts | 2.38 | (1.87 - 3.03) | 2.98 | (2.14 - 4.14) | 6.87 | (5.21 - 9.00) | 1.52 | (1.04 - 2.21) |
| Michigan | 1.88 | (1.61 - 2.20) | 2.33 | (1.88 - 2.88) | 5.46 | (4.64 - 6.41) | 1.21 | (0.93 - 1.58) |
| Minnesota | 1.51 | (1.15 - 1.97) | 2.17 | (1.52 - 3.08) | 4.09 | (2.91 - 5.71) | 0.98 | (0.66 - 1.46) |
| Mississippi | 2.03 | (1.59 - 2.58) | 2.10 | (1.48 - 2.99) | 5.10 | (3.83 - 6.76) | 1.44 | (1.00 - 2.06) |
| Missouri | 1.88 | (1.47 - 2.41) | 2.36 | (1.68 - 3.32) | 5.57 | (4.19 - 7.38) | 1.20 | (0.83 - 1.74) |
| Montana | 1.92 | (1.51 - 2.44) | 2.52 | (1.82 - 3.49) | 5.51 | (4.12 - 7.32) | 1.23 | (0.85 - 1.77) |
| Nebraska | 1.60 | (1.21 - 2.13) | 2.39 | (1.67 - 3.40) | 3.79 | (2.68 - 5.34) | 1.08 | (0.71 - 1.65) |
| Nevada | 1.87 | (1.42 - 2.45) | 2.60 | (1.83 - 3.68) | 4.86 | (3.57 - 6.57) | 1.31 | (0.88 - 1.95) |
| New Hampshire | 2.35 | (1.83 - 3.01) | 3.38 | (2.40 - 4.74) | 7.28 | (5.62 - 9.38) | 1.45 | (0.97 - 2.16) |
| New Jersey | 1.79 | (1.37 - 2.33) | 2.04 | (1.42 - 2.93) | 5.52 | (4.07 - 7.43) | 1.18 | (0.80 - 1.74) |
| New Mexico | 1.98 | (1.54 - 2.54) | 3.53 | (2.50 - 4.96) | 5.80 | (4.31 - 7.78) | 1.08 | (0.71 - 1.63) |
| New York | 2.22 | (1.89 - 2.60) | 2.44 | (1.94 - 3.07) | 6.59 | (5.61 - 7.73) | 1.42 | (1.08 - 1.86) |
| North Carolina | 1.95 | (1.51 - 2.51) | 2.30 | (1.66 - 3.19) | 5.65 | (4.28 - 7.42) | 1.29 | (0.88 - 1.89) |
| North Dakota | 1.47 | (1.08 - 1.99) | 2.28 | (1.57 - 3.30) | 3.57 | (2.50 - 5.07) | 0.88 | (0.54 - 1.44) |
| Ohio | 2.04 | (1.74 - 2.39) | 2.40 | (1.94 - 2.97) | 5.64 | (4.84 - 6.56) | 1.41 | (1.09 - 1.82) |
| Oklahoma | 1.99 | (1.53 - 2.58) | 2.50 | (1.75 - 3.55) | 5.10 | (3.74 - 6.92) | 1.35 | (0.92 - 1.98) |
| Oregon | 2.32 | (1.81 - 2.98) | 2.99 | (2.16 - 4.12) | 6.82 | (5.20 - 8.91) | 1.53 | (1.05 - 2.22) |
| Pennsylvania | 2.08 | (1.75 - 2.45) | 2.59 | (2.06 - 3.25) | 6.19 | (5.23 - 7.32) | 1.34 | (1.01 - 1.76) |
| Rhode Island | 2.42 | (1.87 - 3.13) | 3.18 | (2.26 - 4.45) | 7.03 | (5.25 - 9.36) | 1.47 | (0.99 - 2.18) |
| South Carolina | 1.76 | (1.35 - 2.31) | 1.93 | (1.35 - 2.74) | 4.54 | (3.30 - 6.21) | 1.28 | (0.87 - 1.90) |
| South Dakota | 1.61 | (1.19 - 2.16) | 2.80 | (1.94 - 4.02) | 3.88 | (2.68 - 5.58) | 1.04 | (0.66 - 1.63) |
| Tennessee | 1.75 | (1.35 - 2.27) | 2.05 | (1.45 - 2.88) | 4.48 | (3.27 - 6.10) | 1.28 | (0.89 - 1.86) |
| Texas | 1.77 | (1.50 - 2.09) | 2.38 | (1.92 - 2.95) | 4.60 | (3.84 - 5.51) | 1.14 | (0.87 - 1.51) |
| Utah | 1.99 | (1.57 - 2.50) | 2.45 | (1.74 - 3.44) | 4.79 | (3.58 - 6.39) | 1.22 | (0.85 - 1.75) |
| Vermont | 2.28 | (1.80 - 2.89) | 2.51 | (1.77 - 3.56) | 7.82 | (6.03 - 10.08) | 1.30 | (0.88 - 1.92) |
| Virginia | 1.94 | (1.52 - 2.48) | 2.50 | (1.79 - 3.48) | 5.31 | (3.97 - 7.07) | 1.29 | (0.89 - 1.87) |
| Washington | 2.03 | (1.60 - 2.57) | 2.57 | (1.86 - 3.54) | 6.52 | (4.98 - 8.50) | 1.23 | (0.84 - 1.80) |
| West Virginia | 2.18 | (1.69 - 2.80) | 2.13 | (1.47 - 3.10) | 7.50 | (5.76 - 9.72) | 1.38 | (0.93 - 2.04) |
| Wisconsin | 1.84 | (1.41 - 2.39) | 2.71 | (1.95 - 3.76) | 4.54 | (3.30 - 6.20) | 1.26 | (0.86 - 1.85) |
| Wyoming | 1.55 | (1.15 - 2.09) | 2.68 | (1.88 - 3.81) | 3.76 | (2.60 - 5.40) | 1.01 | (0.64 - 1.60) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 8.87 | (8.62 - 9.13) | 7.20 | (6.88 - 7.54) | 20.04 | (19.49 - 20.60) | 7.14 | (6.84 - 7.46) |
| Northeast | 9.07 | (8.62 - 9.54) | 7.38 | (6.81 - 8.00) | 21.50 | (20.44 - 22.61) | 7.18 | (6.64 - 7.76) |
| Midwest | 8.98 | (8.60 - 9.38) | 7.15 | (6.73 - 7.61) | 20.57 | (19.69 - 21.49) | 7.19 | (6.72 - 7.69) |
| South | 8.31 | (7.95 - 8.68) | 6.55 | (6.14 - 7.00) | 18.66 | (17.81 - 19.54) | 6.76 | (6.32 - 7.22) |
| West | 9.51 | (9.00 - 10.04) | 8.10 | (7.45 - 8.81) | 20.53 | (19.41 - 21.69) | 7.69 | (7.08 - 8.35) |
| Alabama | 8.29 | (7.08 - 9.69) | 6.64 | (5.30 - 8.27) | 17.65 | (15.07 - 20.57) | 6.89 | (5.53 - 8.55) |
| Alaska | 9.14 | (7.82 - 10.64) | 7.16 | (5.60 - 9.11) | 19.22 | (16.47 - 22.32) | 7.43 | (5.97 - 9.23) |
| Arizona | 9.38 | (8.01 - 10.96) | 7.55 | (5.94 - 9.55) | 21.64 | (18.72 - 24.88) | 7.55 | (6.03 - 9.42) |
| Arkansas | 7.86 | (6.66 - 9.26) | 6.65 | (5.27 - 8.36) | 17.52 | (15.03 - 20.33) | 6.42 | (5.11 - 8.02) |
| California | 9.84 | (9.03 - 10.72) | 8.30 | (7.29 - 9.45) | 20.31 | (18.62 - 22.11) | 8.07 | (7.10 - 9.16) |
| Colorado | 10.21 | (8.76 - 11.88) | 9.45 | (7.58 - 11.72) | 23.73 | (20.86 - 26.87) | 7.97 | (6.39 - 9.90) |
| Connecticut | 9.36 | (8.00 - 10.94) | 7.18 | (5.67 - 9.04) | 22.66 | (19.86 - 25.73) | 7.47 | (5.96 - 9.33) |
| Delaware | 8.91 | (7.59 - 10.43) | 7.89 | (6.22 - 9.95) | 22.02 | (19.29 - 25.02) | 6.87 | (5.41 - 8.68) |
| District of Columbia | 12.03 | (10.32 - 13.97) | 5.74 | (4.43 - 7.41) | 20.29 | (17.64 - 23.22) | 10.77 | (8.78 - 13.14) |
| Florida | 8.32 | (7.57 - 9.14) | 6.93 | (6.02 - 7.96) | 17.63 | (16.12 - 19.25) | 7.07 | (6.19 - 8.07) |
| Georgia | 7.49 | (6.36 - 8.81) | 5.86 | (4.61 - 7.41) | 18.31 | (15.86 - 21.03) | 5.83 | (4.57 - 7.40) |
| Hawaii | 8.81 | (7.46 - 10.37) | 8.17 | (6.24 - 10.62) | 20.38 | (17.46 - 23.65) | 7.04 | (5.58 - 8.85) |
| Idaho | 9.66 | (8.38 - 11.12) | 8.02 | (6.44 - 9.96) | 21.40 | (18.71 - 24.36) | 7.75 | (6.31 - 9.50) |
| Illinois | 8.75 | (7.99 - 9.57) | 6.71 | (5.79 - 7.75) | 20.96 | (19.30 - 22.73) | 6.81 | (5.93 - 7.81) |
| Indiana | 8.85 | (7.63 - 10.23) | 6.56 | (5.23 - 8.20) | 19.97 | (17.28 - 22.96) | 7.22 | (5.87 - 8.86) |
| Iowa | 9.17 | (7.92 - 10.59) | 8.06 | (6.52 - 9.93) | 21.82 | (19.03 - 24.89) | 7.02 | (5.66 - 8.67) |
| Kansas | 9.05 | (7.84 - 10.43) | 7.50 | (6.04 - 9.28) | 20.76 | (18.05 - 23.75) | 7.02 | (5.68 - 8.65) |
| Kentucky | 7.66 | (6.52 - 8.98) | 6.58 | (5.20 - 8.29) | 18.23 | (15.68 - 21.09) | 6.10 | (4.86 - 7.63) |
| Louisiana | 8.24 | (7.03 - 9.63) | 5.61 | (4.38 - 7.15) | 19.00 | (16.42 - 21.88) | 6.53 | (5.19 - 8.18) |
| Maine | 7.96 | (6.78 - 9.31) | 6.36 | (4.99 - 8.09) | 20.84 | (18.15 - 23.80) | 6.30 | (5.02 - 7.86) |
| Maryland | 8.17 | (6.88 - 9.69) | 5.64 | (4.34 - 7.31) | 18.57 | (15.84 - 21.65) | 6.73 | (5.32 - 8.49) |
| Massachusetts | 10.75 | (9.30 - 12.39) | 8.46 | (6.82 - 10.47) | 25.05 | (22.09 - 28.27) | 8.48 | (6.87 - 10.42) |
| Michigan | 9.30 | (8.52 - 10.14) | 7.21 | (6.36 - 8.15) | 19.72 | (18.17 - 21.36) | 7.78 | (6.84 - 8.83) |
| Minnesota | 9.05 | (7.77 - 10.52) | 7.04 | (5.64 - 8.75) | 20.70 | (18.09 - 23.58) | 7.29 | (5.87 - 9.01) |
| Mississippi | 7.82 | (6.65 - 9.19) | 6.11 | (4.82 - 7.71) | 17.18 | (14.78 - 19.87) | 6.32 | (5.00 - 7.95) |
| Missouri | 7.98 | (6.80 - 9.34) | 6.84 | (5.46 - 8.53) | 18.48 | (15.98 - 21.26) | 6.35 | (5.05 - 7.95) |
| Montana | 10.63 | (9.21 - 12.23) | 9.95 | (8.03 - 12.26) | 25.89 | (22.91 - 29.12) | 8.05 | (6.47 - 9.97) |
| Nebraska | 9.08 | (7.81 - 10.53) | 6.51 | (5.19 - 8.14) | 20.87 | (18.17 - 23.85) | 7.13 | (5.72 - 8.86) |
| Nevada | 9.85 | (8.41 - 11.50) | 7.89 | (6.19 - 10.01) | 21.29 | (18.48 - 24.39) | 8.34 | (6.72 - 10.30) |
| New Hampshire | 9.79 | (8.39 - 11.39) | 9.86 | (7.94 - 12.18) | 24.04 | (21.16 - 27.17) | 7.53 | (5.98 - 9.43) |
| New Jersey | 7.79 | (6.64 - 9.12) | 6.08 | (4.77 - 7.71) | 18.61 | (16.03 - 21.49) | 6.33 | (5.05 - 7.91) |
| New Mexico | 9.48 | (8.17 - 10.99) | 9.77 | (7.94 - 11.97) | 20.04 | (17.43 - 22.93) | 7.52 | (6.03 - 9.33) |
| New York | 9.14 | (8.36 - 9.98) | 7.76 | (6.75 - 8.91) | 21.45 | (19.77 - 23.22) | 7.13 | (6.21 - 8.17) |
| North Carolina | 7.82 | (6.62 - 9.21) | 5.89 | (4.64 - 7.45) | 17.94 | (15.49 - 20.68) | 6.37 | (5.03 - 8.03) |
| North Dakota | 9.38 | (8.19 - 10.74) | 6.69 | (5.33 - 8.38) | 21.62 | (18.99 - 24.50) | 6.87 | (5.54 - 8.48) |
| Ohio | 9.08 | (8.30 - 9.92) | 7.37 | (6.48 - 8.36) | 21.43 | (19.87 - 23.07) | 7.27 | (6.35 - 8.31) |
| Oklahoma | 9.54 | (8.12 - 11.19) | 7.38 | (5.83 - 9.30) | 20.48 | (17.55 - 23.77) | 7.80 | (6.23 - 9.73) |
| Oregon | 9.67 | (8.27 - 11.29) | 8.79 | (7.14 - 10.79) | 20.54 | (17.87 - 23.49) | 8.03 | (6.46 - 9.95) |
| Pennsylvania | 8.74 | (7.91 - 9.65) | 7.02 | (6.08 - 8.08) | 20.58 | (18.79 - 22.49) | 6.99 | (6.04 - 8.07) |
| Rhode Island | 10.78 | (9.19 - 12.61) | 7.59 | (6.01 - 9.55) | 23.07 | (20.04 - 26.40) | 8.84 | (7.04 - 11.03) |
| South Carolina | 9.45 | (7.99 - 11.15) | 6.33 | (5.02 - 7.96) | 18.62 | (16.08 - 21.46) | 8.31 | (6.63 - 10.37) |
| South Dakota | 10.25 | (8.85 - 11.85) | 8.74 | (6.94 - 10.96) | 22.38 | (19.53 - 25.52) | 8.22 | (6.68 - 10.09) |
| Tennessee | 8.06 | (6.83 - 9.50) | 6.05 | (4.85 - 7.53) | 18.33 | (15.75 - 21.23) | 6.69 | (5.31 - 8.39) |
| Texas | 8.26 | (7.53 - 9.05) | 6.92 | (6.03 - 7.92) | 18.49 | (16.98 - 20.10) | 6.50 | (5.64 - 7.48) |
| Utah | 7.43 | (6.30 - 8.74) | 6.17 | (4.76 - 7.95) | 16.33 | (13.79 - 19.24) | 5.45 | (4.22 - 7.02) |
| Vermont | 9.87 | (8.50 - 11.43) | 8.02 | (6.39 - 10.01) | 25.59 | (22.54 - 28.91) | 7.36 | (5.87 - 9.19) |
| Virginia | 9.63 | (8.34 - 11.09) | 7.65 | (6.12 - 9.53) | 23.09 | (20.29 - 26.14) | 7.52 | (6.08 - 9.27) |
| Washington | 7.90 | (6.72 - 9.27) | 6.42 | (5.09 - 8.08) | 19.63 | (17.07 - 22.47) | 6.16 | (4.87 - 7.76) |
| West Virginia | 7.69 | (6.50 - 9.07) | 6.16 | (4.85 - 7.80) | 18.90 | (16.33 - 21.76) | 6.16 | (4.87 - 7.76) |
| Wisconsin | 9.50 | (8.17 - 11.02) | 8.21 | (6.62 - 10.14) | 20.88 | (18.19 - 23.86) | 7.67 | (6.19 - 9.48) |
| Wyoming | 8.77 | (7.53 - 10.18) | 8.53 | (6.86 - 10.58) | 19.83 | (17.36 - 22.57) | 6.76 | (5.37 - 8.49) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Needing But Not Receiving Treatment refers to respondents classified as needing treatment for illicit drugs, but not receiving treatment for an illicit drug problem at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facilities [inpatient or outpatient], hospitals [inpatient only], and mental health centers). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 2.53 | (2.41 - 2.66) | 4.21 | (3.98 - 4.46) | 7.14 | (6.81 - 7.48) | 1.52 | (1.38 - 1.67) |
| Northeast | 2.57 | (2.38 - 2.78) | 4.23 | (3.83 - 4.68) | 7.93 | (7.33 - 8.57) | 1.47 | (1.27 - 1.71) |
| Midwest | 2.39 | (2.24 - 2.56) | 4.09 | (3.76 - 4.44) | 6.91 | (6.46 - 7.38) | 1.39 | (1.22 - 1.58) |
| South | 2.41 | (2.25 - 2.59) | 3.94 | (3.62 - 4.28) | 6.57 | (6.11 - 7.07) | 1.51 | (1.33 - 1.71) |
| West | 2.82 | (2.58 - 3.08) | 4.74 | (4.24 - 5.30) | 7.61 | (6.95 - 8.33) | 1.70 | (1.44 - 2.00) |
| Alabama | 2.37 | (1.89 - 2.96) | 3.67 | (2.77 - 4.85) | 6.44 | (5.01 - 8.25) | 1.50 | (1.06 - 2.13) |
| Alaska | 2.74 | (2.16 - 3.46) | 4.19 | (3.10 - 5.66) | 6.49 | (4.99 - 8.40) | 1.79 | (1.23 - 2.59) |
| Arizona | 2.72 | (2.17 - 3.40) | 4.46 | (3.30 - 6.01) | 7.67 | (5.99 - 9.77) | 1.65 | (1.16 - 2.36) |
| Arkansas | 2.28 | (1.83 - 2.85) | 4.02 | (3.03 - 5.32) | 6.04 | (4.68 - 7.76) | 1.44 | (1.03 - 2.03) |
| California | 2.95 | (2.58 - 3.37) | 4.87 | (4.11 - 5.77) | 7.52 | (6.53 - 8.66) | 1.82 | (1.43 - 2.31) |
| Colorado | 2.88 | (2.34 - 3.54) | 5.72 | (4.31 - 7.56) | 8.95 | (7.10 - 11.22) | 1.50 | (1.05 - 2.14) |
| Connecticut | 2.46 | (1.98 - 3.06) | 4.09 | (3.07 - 5.43) | 7.90 | (6.20 - 10.01) | 1.38 | (0.96 - 1.98) |
| Delaware | 2.40 | (1.91 - 3.02) | 4.14 | (3.08 - 5.54) | 7.23 | (5.72 - 9.11) | 1.40 | (0.96 - 2.05) |
| District of Columbia | 2.80 | (2.20 - 3.56) | 3.54 | (2.57 - 4.86) | 6.43 | (4.97 - 8.27) | 1.94 | (1.36 - 2.77) |
| Florida | 2.47 | (2.13 - 2.86) | 4.05 | (3.39 - 4.85) | 6.76 | (5.81 - 7.86) | 1.65 | (1.30 - 2.10) |
| Georgia | 2.04 | (1.58 - 2.64) | 3.57 | (2.61 - 4.87) | 5.20 | (3.87 - 6.95) | 1.29 | (0.85 - 1.94) |
| Hawaii | 2.39 | (1.84 - 3.09) | 3.78 | (2.72 - 5.23) | 7.01 | (5.32 - 9.19) | 1.50 | (1.00 - 2.25) |
| Idaho | 2.85 | (2.28 - 3.56) | 4.39 | (3.32 - 5.79) | 7.70 | (6.02 - 9.79) | 1.75 | (1.23 - 2.49) |
| Illinois | 2.44 | (2.14 - 2.78) | 4.04 | (3.36 - 4.85) | 7.54 | (6.55 - 8.67) | 1.31 | (1.02 - 1.68) |
| Indiana | 2.66 | (2.14 - 3.31) | 3.99 | (3.00 - 5.30) | 7.43 | (5.82 - 9.43) | 1.66 | (1.17 - 2.36) |
| Iowa | 2.00 | (1.58 - 2.54) | 4.60 | (3.43 - 6.15) | 5.28 | (4.00 - 6.94) | 1.09 | (0.72 - 1.66) |
| Kansas | 2.12 | (1.69 - 2.66) | 3.49 | (2.57 - 4.71) | 6.46 | (4.97 - 8.34) | 1.11 | (0.76 - 1.62) |
| Kentucky | 2.45 | (1.97 - 3.05) | 4.27 | (3.20 - 5.67) | 7.23 | (5.66 - 9.20) | 1.47 | (1.03 - 2.09) |
| Louisiana | 2.46 | (1.96 - 3.08) | 3.50 | (2.63 - 4.65) | 6.68 | (5.19 - 8.55) | 1.51 | (1.05 - 2.17) |
| Maine | 2.38 | (1.90 - 2.98) | 3.66 | (2.70 - 4.94) | 8.71 | (6.91 - 10.93) | 1.35 | (0.93 - 1.95) |
| Maryland | 2.55 | (2.04 - 3.19) | 3.77 | (2.84 - 5.00) | 7.81 | (6.07 - 9.99) | 1.51 | (1.05 - 2.16) |
| Massachusetts | 2.92 | (2.37 - 3.60) | 5.24 | (4.02 - 6.79) | 8.64 | (6.88 - 10.80) | 1.64 | (1.15 - 2.35) |
| Michigan | 2.39 | (2.08 - 2.75) | 4.06 | (3.44 - 4.79) | 6.58 | (5.72 - 7.55) | 1.46 | (1.12 - 1.89) |
| Minnesota | 2.29 | (1.85 - 2.83) | 3.87 | (2.89 - 5.17) | 6.89 | (5.44 - 8.67) | 1.30 | (0.92 - 1.85) |
| Mississippi | 2.73 | (2.20 - 3.38) | 3.63 | (2.68 - 4.91) | 7.03 | (5.56 - 8.86) | 1.80 | (1.28 - 2.53) |
| Missouri | 2.47 | (1.98 - 3.07) | 3.85 | (2.88 - 5.12) | 7.16 | (5.66 - 9.02) | 1.50 | (1.05 - 2.14) |
| Montana | 2.42 | (1.97 - 2.96) | 4.65 | (3.56 - 6.04) | 7.23 | (5.75 - 9.06) | 1.32 | (0.93 - 1.87) |
| Nebraska | 1.95 | (1.52 - 2.50) | 3.59 | (2.64 - 4.86) | 5.07 | (3.82 - 6.71) | 1.13 | (0.76 - 1.70) |
| Nevada | 2.50 | (1.97 - 3.17) | 4.02 | (2.93 - 5.48) | 6.52 | (5.08 - 8.34) | 1.69 | (1.18 - 2.42) |
| New Hampshire | 2.88 | (2.32 - 3.58) | 6.11 | (4.62 - 8.04) | 9.58 | (7.73 - 11.83) | 1.45 | (0.96 - 2.17) |
| New Jersey | 2.14 | (1.72 - 2.67) | 3.69 | (2.77 - 4.92) | 6.86 | (5.31 - 8.81) | 1.22 | (0.86 - 1.74) |
| New Mexico | 2.93 | (2.37 - 3.63) | 6.29 | (4.81 - 8.20) | 7.87 | (6.24 - 9.89) | 1.59 | (1.08 - 2.35) |
| New York | 2.73 | (2.39 - 3.11) | 4.07 | (3.38 - 4.88) | 8.29 | (7.30 - 9.42) | 1.58 | (1.23 - 2.03) |
| North Carolina | 2.50 | (1.99 - 3.14) | 3.83 | (2.89 - 5.05) | 7.01 | (5.57 - 8.80) | 1.59 | (1.11 - 2.27) |
| North Dakota | 1.84 | (1.40 - 2.40) | 3.35 | (2.41 - 4.64) | 4.90 | (3.62 - 6.61) | 0.95 | (0.60 - 1.50) |
| Ohio | 2.48 | (2.19 - 2.81) | 4.18 | (3.55 - 4.93) | 7.42 | (6.53 - 8.43) | 1.46 | (1.16 - 1.83) |
| Oklahoma | 2.64 | (2.10 - 3.32) | 4.47 | (3.37 - 5.90) | 6.93 | (5.35 - 8.94) | 1.62 | (1.13 - 2.30) |
| Oregon | 2.82 | (2.29 - 3.48) | 5.00 | (3.83 - 6.51) | 8.03 | (6.31 - 10.17) | 1.74 | (1.24 - 2.43) |
| Pennsylvania | 2.41 | (2.09 - 2.78) | 4.21 | (3.49 - 5.09) | 7.16 | (6.17 - 8.30) | 1.42 | (1.10 - 1.83) |
| Rhode Island | 2.99 | (2.41 - 3.70) | 4.82 | (3.64 - 6.36) | 9.42 | (7.42 - 11.88) | 1.56 | (1.09 - 2.24) |
| South Carolina | 2.52 | (2.00 - 3.17) | 3.89 | (2.97 - 5.08) | 6.46 | (5.05 - 8.23) | 1.70 | (1.19 - 2.43) |
| South Dakota | 2.07 | (1.64 - 2.62) | 4.38 | (3.27 - 5.84) | 5.54 | (4.17 - 7.34) | 1.15 | (0.78 - 1.70) |
| Tennessee | 2.36 | (1.87 - 2.98) | 3.62 | (2.75 - 4.76) | 6.04 | (4.64 - 7.83) | 1.63 | (1.15 - 2.31) |
| Texas | 2.36 | (2.06 - 2.71) | 4.07 | (3.39 - 4.89) | 6.19 | (5.30 - 7.23) | 1.38 | (1.08 - 1.78) |
| Utah | 2.57 | (2.08 - 3.17) | 4.30 | (3.24 - 5.70) | 6.09 | (4.71 - 7.86) | 1.41 | (0.99 - 2.01) |
| Vermont | 2.72 | (2.22 - 3.32) | 4.20 | (3.17 - 5.55) | 9.52 | (7.70 - 11.71) | 1.38 | (0.95 - 2.00) |
| Virginia | 2.47 | (2.00 - 3.05) | 4.47 | (3.41 - 5.85) | 7.38 | (5.81 - 9.34) | 1.37 | (0.97 - 1.95) |
| Washington | 2.57 | (2.09 - 3.17) | 3.75 | (2.80 - 5.00) | 8.38 | (6.65 - 10.50) | 1.48 | (1.05 - 2.09) |
| West Virginia | 2.31 | (1.83 - 2.92) | 3.24 | (2.34 - 4.47) | 7.74 | (6.07 - 9.83) | 1.40 | (0.96 - 2.04) |
| Wisconsin | 2.41 | (1.92 - 3.01) | 4.88 | (3.74 - 6.34) | 6.49 | (5.04 - 8.33) | 1.39 | (0.96 - 2.03) |
| Wyoming | 2.09 | (1.63 - 2.68) | 4.38 | (3.25 - 5.87) | 5.71 | (4.34 - 7.46) | 1.15 | (0.76 - 1.75) |
| State | 12+ (Estimate) |
12+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Needing But Not Receiving Treatment refers to respondents classified as needing treatment for alcohol, but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facilities [inpatient or outpatient], hospitals [inpatient only], and mental health centers). NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 6.88 | (6.66 - 7.10) | 4.41 | (4.15 - 4.69) | 15.26 | (14.78 - 15.77) | 5.73 | (5.46 - 6.00) |
| Northeast | 6.90 | (6.50 - 7.33) | 4.44 | (4.03 - 4.89) | 16.23 | (15.36 - 17.14) | 5.62 | (5.15 - 6.13) |
| Midwest | 6.98 | (6.64 - 7.33) | 4.37 | (4.05 - 4.71) | 15.91 | (15.20 - 16.64) | 5.75 | (5.35 - 6.18) |
| South | 6.46 | (6.13 - 6.81) | 4.08 | (3.78 - 4.41) | 14.04 | (13.36 - 14.76) | 5.46 | (5.06 - 5.88) |
| West | 7.42 | (6.95 - 7.92) | 4.94 | (4.43 - 5.51) | 15.80 | (14.84 - 16.80) | 6.22 | (5.66 - 6.83) |
| Alabama | 6.50 | (5.39 - 7.81) | 4.26 | (3.33 - 5.45) | 12.87 | (10.75 - 15.33) | 5.68 | (4.46 - 7.21) |
| Alaska | 7.13 | (5.93 - 8.55) | 4.40 | (3.37 - 5.72) | 14.86 | (12.42 - 17.69) | 6.00 | (4.69 - 7.64) |
| Arizona | 7.15 | (5.94 - 8.57) | 4.59 | (3.51 - 5.98) | 16.65 | (14.18 - 19.44) | 5.87 | (4.58 - 7.51) |
| Arkansas | 6.15 | (5.13 - 7.35) | 4.39 | (3.40 - 5.65) | 13.53 | (11.33 - 16.09) | 5.15 | (4.06 - 6.52) |
| California | 7.76 | (7.01 - 8.58) | 5.15 | (4.34 - 6.09) | 15.61 | (14.12 - 17.22) | 6.62 | (5.74 - 7.63) |
| Colorado | 8.17 | (6.85 - 9.73) | 5.32 | (4.15 - 6.81) | 19.29 | (16.61 - 22.30) | 6.60 | (5.15 - 8.41) |
| Connecticut | 7.51 | (6.27 - 8.97) | 4.67 | (3.64 - 5.97) | 17.93 | (15.30 - 20.90) | 6.17 | (4.82 - 7.86) |
| Delaware | 6.69 | (5.57 - 8.02) | 4.40 | (3.41 - 5.66) | 15.64 | (13.25 - 18.37) | 5.49 | (4.27 - 7.03) |
| District of Columbia | 9.21 | (7.70 - 10.97) | 3.37 | (2.42 - 4.67) | 16.73 | (14.25 - 19.54) | 8.07 | (6.35 - 10.19) |
| Florida | 6.38 | (5.69 - 7.14) | 4.40 | (3.73 - 5.19) | 13.12 | (11.74 - 14.64) | 5.57 | (4.79 - 6.48) |
| Georgia | 5.88 | (4.87 - 7.09) | 3.53 | (2.68 - 4.64) | 13.49 | (11.32 - 16.01) | 4.87 | (3.76 - 6.29) |
| Hawaii | 7.46 | (6.08 - 9.12) | 5.25 | (3.88 - 7.07) | 16.97 | (14.16 - 20.21) | 6.19 | (4.69 - 8.14) |
| Idaho | 7.02 | (5.94 - 8.27) | 4.79 | (3.72 - 6.16) | 16.04 | (13.71 - 18.68) | 5.69 | (4.50 - 7.17) |
| Illinois | 6.89 | (6.23 - 7.62) | 3.96 | (3.33 - 4.71) | 16.19 | (14.72 - 17.78) | 5.60 | (4.82 - 6.49) |
| Indiana | 6.67 | (5.63 - 7.89) | 4.09 | (3.22 - 5.18) | 14.99 | (12.61 - 17.74) | 5.57 | (4.43 - 6.97) |
| Iowa | 7.86 | (6.65 - 9.26) | 5.24 | (4.11 - 6.66) | 18.73 | (16.09 - 21.68) | 6.21 | (4.88 - 7.88) |
| Kansas | 7.38 | (6.25 - 8.69) | 4.95 | (3.88 - 6.30) | 16.63 | (14.18 - 19.39) | 5.93 | (4.71 - 7.44) |
| Kentucky | 5.84 | (4.85 - 7.02) | 4.06 | (3.12 - 5.27) | 13.15 | (10.97 - 15.70) | 4.88 | (3.82 - 6.23) |
| Louisiana | 6.38 | (5.35 - 7.60) | 3.35 | (2.56 - 4.38) | 13.84 | (11.82 - 16.15) | 5.36 | (4.20 - 6.83) |
| Maine | 6.21 | (5.20 - 7.39) | 4.16 | (3.18 - 5.41) | 15.77 | (13.35 - 18.53) | 5.07 | (3.99 - 6.41) |
| Maryland | 5.97 | (4.88 - 7.28) | 3.30 | (2.48 - 4.38) | 13.36 | (11.03 - 16.10) | 5.05 | (3.88 - 6.56) |
| Massachusetts | 7.94 | (6.74 - 9.33) | 4.98 | (3.86 - 6.39) | 19.07 | (16.40 - 22.06) | 6.30 | (5.00 - 7.91) |
| Michigan | 6.99 | (6.29 - 7.77) | 4.25 | (3.63 - 4.96) | 14.70 | (13.35 - 16.17) | 6.02 | (5.19 - 6.98) |
| Minnesota | 7.30 | (6.17 - 8.63) | 4.70 | (3.69 - 5.96) | 16.85 | (14.50 - 19.49) | 5.98 | (4.73 - 7.54) |
| Mississippi | 6.20 | (5.18 - 7.41) | 3.71 | (2.85 - 4.82) | 12.92 | (10.91 - 15.24) | 5.29 | (4.15 - 6.72) |
| Missouri | 6.26 | (5.14 - 7.59) | 4.49 | (3.50 - 5.74) | 13.77 | (11.56 - 16.33) | 5.21 | (4.00 - 6.76) |
| Montana | 8.71 | (7.43 - 10.17) | 6.13 | (4.80 - 7.81) | 21.41 | (18.63 - 24.48) | 6.79 | (5.40 - 8.51) |
| Nebraska | 7.39 | (6.30 - 8.66) | 4.44 | (3.44 - 5.70) | 17.77 | (15.22 - 20.64) | 5.77 | (4.60 - 7.22) |
| Nevada | 8.00 | (6.67 - 9.57) | 5.15 | (3.95 - 6.68) | 17.31 | (14.75 - 20.22) | 6.93 | (5.45 - 8.77) |
| New Hampshire | 7.15 | (6.01 - 8.47) | 5.12 | (4.01 - 6.53) | 17.82 | (15.32 - 20.63) | 5.69 | (4.46 - 7.24) |
| New Jersey | 6.07 | (5.01 - 7.34) | 3.86 | (2.97 - 5.01) | 13.82 | (11.53 - 16.48) | 5.15 | (4.01 - 6.59) |
| New Mexico | 7.14 | (6.02 - 8.45) | 5.21 | (4.06 - 6.65) | 15.29 | (12.93 - 18.00) | 5.89 | (4.67 - 7.42) |
| New York | 6.99 | (6.30 - 7.75) | 4.69 | (3.96 - 5.54) | 15.97 | (14.53 - 17.51) | 5.67 | (4.87 - 6.60) |
| North Carolina | 6.01 | (4.96 - 7.27) | 3.63 | (2.78 - 4.73) | 13.34 | (11.16 - 15.86) | 5.08 | (3.94 - 6.53) |
| North Dakota | 7.90 | (6.81 - 9.15) | 4.32 | (3.34 - 5.57) | 19.11 | (16.63 - 21.87) | 5.72 | (4.54 - 7.18) |
| Ohio | 6.86 | (6.18 - 7.60) | 4.36 | (3.74 - 5.08) | 16.04 | (14.71 - 17.46) | 5.67 | (4.88 - 6.57) |
| Oklahoma | 7.15 | (5.95 - 8.58) | 4.58 | (3.53 - 5.92) | 15.48 | (13.02 - 18.32) | 5.95 | (4.63 - 7.60) |
| Oregon | 7.13 | (5.98 - 8.47) | 4.75 | (3.72 - 6.06) | 15.06 | (12.76 - 17.69) | 6.12 | (4.86 - 7.69) |
| Pennsylvania | 6.51 | (5.79 - 7.31) | 4.07 | (3.40 - 4.86) | 15.80 | (14.28 - 17.45) | 5.26 | (4.46 - 6.20) |
| Rhode Island | 8.26 | (6.85 - 9.92) | 4.50 | (3.48 - 5.80) | 17.02 | (14.29 - 20.16) | 7.04 | (5.48 - 9.00) |
| South Carolina | 7.67 | (6.28 - 9.33) | 3.90 | (2.98 - 5.08) | 13.99 | (11.73 - 16.60) | 7.08 | (5.49 - 9.08) |
| South Dakota | 8.44 | (7.18 - 9.91) | 5.90 | (4.58 - 7.56) | 19.03 | (16.30 - 22.10) | 6.82 | (5.43 - 8.54) |
| Tennessee | 6.16 | (5.10 - 7.43) | 3.70 | (2.85 - 4.79) | 13.55 | (11.34 - 16.11) | 5.29 | (4.13 - 6.77) |
| Texas | 6.63 | (5.95 - 7.37) | 4.36 | (3.68 - 5.15) | 14.40 | (13.08 - 15.83) | 5.47 | (4.68 - 6.38) |
| Utah | 5.40 | (4.39 - 6.64) | 3.83 | (2.83 - 5.15) | 11.47 | (9.34 - 14.01) | 4.18 | (3.06 - 5.67) |
| Vermont | 7.61 | (6.44 - 8.97) | 4.68 | (3.65 - 5.99) | 19.00 | (16.37 - 21.95) | 5.96 | (4.69 - 7.55) |
| Virginia | 7.52 | (6.37 - 8.86) | 4.81 | (3.74 - 6.16) | 18.11 | (15.60 - 20.92) | 6.01 | (4.77 - 7.54) |
| Washington | 6.04 | (5.00 - 7.29) | 4.10 | (3.16 - 5.30) | 14.60 | (12.26 - 17.29) | 4.88 | (3.76 - 6.30) |
| West Virginia | 5.53 | (4.52 - 6.76) | 4.16 | (3.19 - 5.41) | 13.19 | (11.00 - 15.74) | 4.52 | (3.46 - 5.90) |
| Wisconsin | 7.08 | (5.96 - 8.39) | 4.43 | (3.47 - 5.64) | 15.92 | (13.52 - 18.67) | 5.85 | (4.62 - 7.39) |
| Wyoming | 7.17 | (6.06 - 8.47) | 5.38 | (4.23 - 6.80) | 16.79 | (14.35 - 19.54) | 5.62 | (4.42 - 7.13) |
| State | 18+ (Estimate) |
18+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, that met the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and resulted in serious functional impairment. Estimates for SMI presented in this table may differ from previously published SMI estimates because of revised estimation procedures. For details, see the NSDUH short report titled Revised Estimates of Mental Illness from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health at https://www.samhsa.gov/data. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; SMI Estimates Revised October 2013). |
||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.88 | (3.68 - 4.10) | 3.63 | (3.41 - 3.87) | 3.92 | (3.69 - 4.17) |
| Northeast | 3.74 | (3.39 - 4.13) | 3.74 | (3.37 - 4.14) | 3.74 | (3.34 - 4.19) |
| Midwest | 4.21 | (3.89 - 4.56) | 3.83 | (3.52 - 4.15) | 4.28 | (3.91 - 4.68) |
| South | 3.78 | (3.48 - 4.11) | 3.39 | (3.09 - 3.71) | 3.85 | (3.50 - 4.23) |
| West | 3.84 | (3.48 - 4.23) | 3.75 | (3.35 - 4.20) | 3.85 | (3.44 - 4.31) |
| Alabama | 5.00 | (3.88 - 6.42) | 3.66 | (2.76 - 4.85) | 5.23 | (3.97 - 6.87) |
| Alaska | 4.07 | (3.11 - 5.31) | 3.50 | (2.63 - 4.65) | 4.19 | (3.09 - 5.65) |
| Arizona | 4.37 | (3.35 - 5.67) | 3.92 | (2.94 - 5.22) | 4.44 | (3.31 - 5.94) |
| Arkansas | 4.94 | (3.85 - 6.31) | 3.97 | (3.00 - 5.24) | 5.10 | (3.88 - 6.67) |
| California | 3.24 | (2.71 - 3.88) | 3.69 | (3.06 - 4.43) | 3.16 | (2.56 - 3.90) |
| Colorado | 4.56 | (3.54 - 5.86) | 4.01 | (3.07 - 5.24) | 4.65 | (3.50 - 6.16) |
| Connecticut | 3.73 | (2.85 - 4.87) | 3.43 | (2.57 - 4.58) | 3.78 | (2.80 - 5.08) |
| Delaware | 3.93 | (3.01 - 5.11) | 4.47 | (3.38 - 5.89) | 3.84 | (2.82 - 5.21) |
| District of Columbia | 3.45 | (2.64 - 4.50) | 2.95 | (2.15 - 4.02) | 3.57 | (2.63 - 4.82) |
| Florida | 3.62 | (3.03 - 4.32) | 3.12 | (2.56 - 3.80) | 3.70 | (3.04 - 4.49) |
| Georgia | 3.60 | (2.74 - 4.73) | 3.01 | (2.24 - 4.04) | 3.70 | (2.73 - 5.01) |
| Hawaii | 3.68 | (2.77 - 4.87) | 3.35 | (2.42 - 4.63) | 3.73 | (2.71 - 5.11) |
| Idaho | 5.10 | (4.01 - 6.48) | 4.87 | (3.69 - 6.42) | 5.15 | (3.92 - 6.72) |
| Illinois | 3.90 | (3.33 - 4.57) | 3.80 | (3.19 - 4.51) | 3.92 | (3.28 - 4.69) |
| Indiana | 4.78 | (3.76 - 6.07) | 3.93 | (2.98 - 5.17) | 4.93 | (3.76 - 6.43) |
| Iowa | 4.36 | (3.42 - 5.55) | 3.85 | (2.93 - 5.04) | 4.46 | (3.40 - 5.83) |
| Kansas | 3.53 | (2.72 - 4.58) | 3.67 | (2.77 - 4.86) | 3.51 | (2.60 - 4.72) |
| Kentucky | 4.13 | (3.22 - 5.29) | 3.60 | (2.71 - 4.77) | 4.22 | (3.20 - 5.53) |
| Louisiana | 3.91 | (3.03 - 5.03) | 3.36 | (2.54 - 4.44) | 4.01 | (3.01 - 5.33) |
| Maine | 4.14 | (3.21 - 5.32) | 4.25 | (3.24 - 5.56) | 4.12 | (3.11 - 5.45) |
| Maryland | 3.37 | (2.54 - 4.45) | 3.40 | (2.54 - 4.54) | 3.36 | (2.44 - 4.61) |
| Massachusetts | 4.20 | (3.27 - 5.38) | 3.71 | (2.80 - 4.89) | 4.29 | (3.24 - 5.65) |
| Michigan | 4.08 | (3.48 - 4.78) | 3.97 | (3.35 - 4.71) | 4.10 | (3.42 - 4.91) |
| Minnesota | 4.18 | (3.26 - 5.36) | 3.82 | (2.89 - 5.02) | 4.25 | (3.20 - 5.61) |
| Mississippi | 4.04 | (3.11 - 5.22) | 3.26 | (2.45 - 4.34) | 4.18 | (3.14 - 5.56) |
| Missouri | 4.79 | (3.74 - 6.11) | 3.56 | (2.68 - 4.71) | 4.99 | (3.81 - 6.52) |
| Montana | 4.76 | (3.70 - 6.11) | 4.39 | (3.32 - 5.78) | 4.82 | (3.64 - 6.37) |
| Nebraska | 4.13 | (3.26 - 5.23) | 3.77 | (2.85 - 4.98) | 4.21 | (3.22 - 5.48) |
| Nevada | 4.87 | (3.72 - 6.35) | 3.32 | (2.43 - 4.54) | 5.11 | (3.81 - 6.82) |
| New Hampshire | 4.25 | (3.27 - 5.49) | 4.43 | (3.38 - 5.80) | 4.21 | (3.14 - 5.63) |
| New Jersey | 3.39 | (2.56 - 4.46) | 4.11 | (3.10 - 5.44) | 3.27 | (2.37 - 4.50) |
| New Mexico | 3.38 | (2.60 - 4.39) | 3.54 | (2.67 - 4.68) | 3.35 | (2.47 - 4.52) |
| New York | 3.72 | (3.14 - 4.39) | 3.49 | (2.90 - 4.18) | 3.76 | (3.11 - 4.54) |
| North Carolina | 3.47 | (2.62 - 4.57) | 2.99 | (2.20 - 4.05) | 3.54 | (2.60 - 4.81) |
| North Dakota | 3.48 | (2.71 - 4.46) | 3.61 | (2.75 - 4.73) | 3.45 | (2.57 - 4.62) |
| Ohio | 4.31 | (3.70 - 5.03) | 3.82 | (3.23 - 4.51) | 4.39 | (3.70 - 5.21) |
| Oklahoma | 4.03 | (3.11 - 5.20) | 3.68 | (2.74 - 4.92) | 4.09 | (3.05 - 5.46) |
| Oregon | 4.54 | (3.58 - 5.76) | 3.87 | (2.93 - 5.10) | 4.65 | (3.57 - 6.03) |
| Pennsylvania | 3.57 | (2.98 - 4.27) | 3.82 | (3.14 - 4.63) | 3.53 | (2.87 - 4.34) |
| Rhode Island | 4.92 | (3.82 - 6.31) | 4.38 | (3.27 - 5.85) | 5.02 | (3.77 - 6.64) |
| South Carolina | 3.97 | (3.09 - 5.11) | 3.39 | (2.54 - 4.52) | 4.07 | (3.07 - 5.38) |
| South Dakota | 3.61 | (2.77 - 4.68) | 3.32 | (2.47 - 4.45) | 3.66 | (2.72 - 4.91) |
| Tennessee | 4.15 | (3.21 - 5.34) | 3.21 | (2.41 - 4.27) | 4.29 | (3.25 - 5.66) |
| Texas | 3.40 | (2.84 - 4.08) | 3.58 | (2.97 - 4.32) | 3.37 | (2.73 - 4.16) |
| Utah | 5.12 | (4.04 - 6.46) | 4.55 | (3.51 - 5.89) | 5.26 | (3.99 - 6.91) |
| Vermont | 4.04 | (3.16 - 5.15) | 4.19 | (3.21 - 5.46) | 4.01 | (3.03 - 5.30) |
| Virginia | 3.91 | (3.04 - 5.01) | 3.70 | (2.81 - 4.84) | 3.94 | (2.97 - 5.22) |
| Washington | 4.39 | (3.41 - 5.64) | 3.30 | (2.46 - 4.42) | 4.57 | (3.46 - 6.01) |
| West Virginia | 4.92 | (3.83 - 6.29) | 3.37 | (2.51 - 4.51) | 5.15 | (3.93 - 6.72) |
| Wisconsin | 4.14 | (3.24 - 5.28) | 4.00 | (3.03 - 5.26) | 4.17 | (3.14 - 5.51) |
| Wyoming | 4.08 | (3.19 - 5.20) | 3.39 | (2.58 - 4.43) | 4.21 | (3.20 - 5.52) |
| State | 18+ (Estimate) |
18+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, that met the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Estimates for AMI presented in this table may differ from previously published AMI estimates because of revised estimation procedures. For details, see the NSDUH short report titled Revised Estimates of Mental Illness from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health at https://www.samhsa.gov/data. NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012; AMI Estimates Revised October 2013). |
||||||
| Total U.S. | 18.10 | (17.68 - 18.53) | 18.02 | (17.57 - 18.49) | 18.11 | (17.63 - 18.60) |
| Northeast | 18.36 | (17.53 - 19.22) | 18.57 | (17.71 - 19.47) | 18.33 | (17.39 - 19.31) |
| Midwest | 18.59 | (17.94 - 19.26) | 18.77 | (18.07 - 19.48) | 18.56 | (17.81 - 19.32) |
| South | 17.53 | (16.86 - 18.22) | 17.04 | (16.37 - 17.74) | 17.61 | (16.84 - 18.41) |
| West | 18.32 | (17.47 - 19.21) | 18.42 | (17.47 - 19.41) | 18.31 | (17.32 - 19.33) |
| Alabama | 20.85 | (18.28 - 23.68) | 17.82 | (15.42 - 20.50) | 21.37 | (18.43 - 24.64) |
| Alaska | 19.39 | (16.88 - 22.17) | 18.26 | (15.80 - 21.01) | 19.61 | (16.75 - 22.84) |
| Arizona | 18.26 | (15.80 - 20.99) | 18.62 | (16.28 - 21.21) | 18.20 | (15.43 - 21.33) |
| Arkansas | 20.04 | (17.64 - 22.67) | 19.30 | (16.89 - 21.98) | 20.16 | (17.47 - 23.13) |
| California | 17.07 | (15.75 - 18.47) | 17.61 | (16.14 - 19.19) | 16.96 | (15.44 - 18.60) |
| Colorado | 18.42 | (16.02 - 21.09) | 18.19 | (15.77 - 20.90) | 18.46 | (15.75 - 21.51) |
| Connecticut | 17.63 | (15.23 - 20.32) | 19.04 | (16.63 - 21.69) | 17.41 | (14.72 - 20.46) |
| Delaware | 18.29 | (15.96 - 20.87) | 20.10 | (17.70 - 22.74) | 17.99 | (15.38 - 20.93) |
| District of Columbia | 19.14 | (16.86 - 21.65) | 17.06 | (14.87 - 19.51) | 19.60 | (16.94 - 22.58) |
| Florida | 17.02 | (15.68 - 18.44) | 16.57 | (15.10 - 18.15) | 17.08 | (15.58 - 18.69) |
| Georgia | 15.56 | (13.45 - 17.93) | 17.05 | (14.77 - 19.61) | 15.30 | (12.92 - 18.02) |
| Hawaii | 17.74 | (15.46 - 20.29) | 19.61 | (16.87 - 22.68) | 17.45 | (14.89 - 20.34) |
| Idaho | 22.43 | (19.76 - 25.35) | 21.47 | (18.86 - 24.32) | 22.61 | (19.56 - 25.97) |
| Illinois | 16.97 | (15.63 - 18.40) | 18.02 | (16.55 - 19.58) | 16.78 | (15.26 - 18.42) |
| Indiana | 18.83 | (16.61 - 21.26) | 18.86 | (16.44 - 21.55) | 18.82 | (16.32 - 21.61) |
| Iowa | 19.21 | (16.88 - 21.78) | 19.06 | (16.64 - 21.73) | 19.24 | (16.60 - 22.19) |
| Kansas | 15.99 | (13.88 - 18.34) | 17.80 | (15.39 - 20.49) | 15.64 | (13.27 - 18.35) |
| Kentucky | 19.32 | (16.91 - 22.00) | 17.11 | (14.87 - 19.61) | 19.67 | (16.96 - 22.71) |
| Louisiana | 17.51 | (15.27 - 20.00) | 17.03 | (14.85 - 19.47) | 17.60 | (15.06 - 20.47) |
| Maine | 18.70 | (16.34 - 21.31) | 20.49 | (17.94 - 23.29) | 18.44 | (15.85 - 21.34) |
| Maryland | 17.03 | (14.60 - 19.78) | 17.59 | (15.20 - 20.26) | 16.94 | (14.22 - 20.05) |
| Massachusetts | 18.51 | (16.27 - 20.97) | 18.91 | (16.53 - 21.53) | 18.43 | (15.90 - 21.27) |
| Michigan | 19.70 | (18.31 - 21.16) | 18.92 | (17.44 - 20.49) | 19.83 | (18.25 - 21.50) |
| Minnesota | 18.38 | (16.21 - 20.77) | 19.81 | (17.44 - 22.42) | 18.13 | (15.67 - 20.89) |
| Mississippi | 17.79 | (15.59 - 20.24) | 17.60 | (15.38 - 20.07) | 17.83 | (15.31 - 20.67) |
| Missouri | 19.42 | (17.07 - 21.99) | 19.71 | (17.31 - 22.35) | 19.37 | (16.72 - 22.32) |
| Montana | 20.72 | (18.37 - 23.29) | 20.58 | (18.19 - 23.19) | 20.75 | (18.10 - 23.67) |
| Nebraska | 17.58 | (15.33 - 20.09) | 18.11 | (15.75 - 20.74) | 17.48 | (14.93 - 20.37) |
| Nevada | 20.28 | (17.62 - 23.22) | 17.91 | (15.57 - 20.52) | 20.64 | (17.67 - 23.96) |
| New Hampshire | 19.76 | (17.36 - 22.40) | 20.31 | (17.88 - 22.97) | 19.68 | (16.99 - 22.67) |
| New Jersey | 17.54 | (15.33 - 20.00) | 18.73 | (16.34 - 21.39) | 17.35 | (14.88 - 20.15) |
| New Mexico | 16.43 | (14.19 - 18.94) | 17.50 | (15.21 - 20.06) | 16.24 | (13.70 - 19.14) |
| New York | 19.02 | (17.57 - 20.56) | 18.39 | (16.93 - 19.94) | 19.13 | (17.47 - 20.92) |
| North Carolina | 17.22 | (14.92 - 19.78) | 15.81 | (13.61 - 18.30) | 17.45 | (14.88 - 20.36) |
| North Dakota | 16.26 | (14.16 - 18.61) | 17.08 | (14.92 - 19.48) | 16.08 | (13.65 - 18.84) |
| Ohio | 19.66 | (18.23 - 21.18) | 18.83 | (17.44 - 20.30) | 19.80 | (18.18 - 21.53) |
| Oklahoma | 20.34 | (17.92 - 23.01) | 21.19 | (18.49 - 24.15) | 20.19 | (17.43 - 23.26) |
| Oregon | 20.12 | (17.85 - 22.59) | 19.86 | (17.39 - 22.59) | 20.16 | (17.60 - 22.99) |
| Pennsylvania | 17.53 | (16.11 - 19.06) | 17.88 | (16.32 - 19.55) | 17.47 | (15.85 - 19.22) |
| Rhode Island | 21.30 | (18.54 - 24.33) | 19.42 | (16.85 - 22.27) | 21.65 | (18.52 - 25.15) |
| South Carolina | 17.18 | (14.84 - 19.80) | 16.49 | (14.19 - 19.08) | 17.29 | (14.67 - 20.28) |
| South Dakota | 16.82 | (14.56 - 19.35) | 17.37 | (14.92 - 20.13) | 16.71 | (14.16 - 19.62) |
| Tennessee | 21.17 | (18.43 - 24.20) | 17.23 | (14.90 - 19.83) | 21.79 | (18.70 - 25.24) |
| Texas | 15.99 | (14.70 - 17.37) | 16.01 | (14.66 - 17.46) | 15.99 | (14.51 - 17.58) |
| Utah | 22.87 | (20.45 - 25.48) | 22.53 | (19.83 - 25.48) | 22.96 | (20.13 - 26.06) |
| Vermont | 19.75 | (17.34 - 22.42) | 21.15 | (18.54 - 24.03) | 19.51 | (16.82 - 22.53) |
| Virginia | 17.52 | (15.37 - 19.89) | 18.13 | (15.93 - 20.55) | 17.41 | (14.99 - 20.13) |
| Washington | 20.75 | (18.26 - 23.49) | 19.38 | (16.90 - 22.14) | 20.98 | (18.17 - 24.09) |
| West Virginia | 20.47 | (17.99 - 23.19) | 19.69 | (17.26 - 22.37) | 20.58 | (17.82 - 23.65) |
| Wisconsin | 18.89 | (16.65 - 21.36) | 19.11 | (16.72 - 21.77) | 18.86 | (16.33 - 21.67) |
| Wyoming | 19.47 | (17.16 - 22.00) | 20.00 | (17.54 - 22.70) | 19.37 | (16.75 - 22.30) |
| State | 18+ (Estimate) |
18+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.78 | (3.59 - 3.97) | 6.36 | (6.08 - 6.65) | 3.33 | (3.12 - 3.55) |
| Northeast | 3.82 | (3.48 - 4.18) | 6.62 | (6.07 - 7.21) | 3.34 | (2.99 - 3.74) |
| Midwest | 4.05 | (3.75 - 4.36) | 6.73 | (6.28 - 7.21) | 3.58 | (3.26 - 3.93) |
| South | 3.53 | (3.25 - 3.84) | 5.96 | (5.53 - 6.42) | 3.11 | (2.81 - 3.45) |
| West | 3.88 | (3.52 - 4.28) | 6.41 | (5.85 - 7.03) | 3.42 | (3.02 - 3.87) |
| Alabama | 4.10 | (3.18 - 5.26) | 6.63 | (5.30 - 8.26) | 3.66 | (2.69 - 4.96) |
| Alaska | 3.96 | (3.10 - 5.05) | 6.13 | (4.82 - 7.77) | 3.54 | (2.62 - 4.76) |
| Arizona | 4.08 | (3.16 - 5.25) | 6.40 | (5.09 - 8.01) | 3.69 | (2.71 - 5.00) |
| Arkansas | 4.37 | (3.43 - 5.56) | 6.62 | (5.26 - 8.31) | 4.00 | (3.00 - 5.31) |
| California | 3.57 | (3.07 - 4.16) | 6.26 | (5.43 - 7.22) | 3.06 | (2.51 - 3.73) |
| Colorado | 4.12 | (3.21 - 5.26) | 6.53 | (5.22 - 8.15) | 3.70 | (2.74 - 4.98) |
| Connecticut | 3.63 | (2.83 - 4.63) | 5.95 | (4.65 - 7.58) | 3.25 | (2.41 - 4.37) |
| Delaware | 3.89 | (3.03 - 4.97) | 7.45 | (6.00 - 9.22) | 3.30 | (2.40 - 4.52) |
| District of Columbia | 3.98 | (3.14 - 5.05) | 5.64 | (4.47 - 7.10) | 3.62 | (2.69 - 4.85) |
| Florida | 3.52 | (2.97 - 4.16) | 5.67 | (4.86 - 6.61) | 3.20 | (2.61 - 3.90) |
| Georgia | 3.12 | (2.44 - 3.99) | 5.58 | (4.38 - 7.09) | 2.70 | (1.99 - 3.65) |
| Hawaii | 3.92 | (3.06 - 5.01) | 7.36 | (5.77 - 9.34) | 3.37 | (2.47 - 4.59) |
| Idaho | 4.87 | (3.82 - 6.19) | 7.71 | (6.18 - 9.58) | 4.35 | (3.24 - 5.81) |
| Illinois | 4.05 | (3.49 - 4.71) | 6.86 | (5.96 - 7.89) | 3.55 | (2.93 - 4.29) |
| Indiana | 3.99 | (3.17 - 5.00) | 6.40 | (5.11 - 7.99) | 3.57 | (2.70 - 4.70) |
| Iowa | 3.90 | (3.09 - 4.90) | 6.16 | (4.93 - 7.68) | 3.49 | (2.63 - 4.62) |
| Kansas | 3.55 | (2.81 - 4.48) | 6.22 | (4.87 - 7.90) | 3.04 | (2.26 - 4.07) |
| Kentucky | 3.98 | (3.16 - 5.02) | 6.26 | (5.02 - 7.77) | 3.62 | (2.73 - 4.79) |
| Louisiana | 3.53 | (2.78 - 4.47) | 6.17 | (4.90 - 7.75) | 3.03 | (2.24 - 4.08) |
| Maine | 4.56 | (3.58 - 5.80) | 6.55 | (5.27 - 8.11) | 4.28 | (3.22 - 5.66) |
| Maryland | 3.52 | (2.74 - 4.51) | 6.25 | (4.90 - 7.95) | 3.05 | (2.25 - 4.14) |
| Massachusetts | 3.94 | (3.14 - 4.92) | 6.26 | (4.99 - 7.81) | 3.52 | (2.68 - 4.62) |
| Michigan | 4.15 | (3.56 - 4.84) | 6.90 | (6.06 - 7.85) | 3.68 | (3.04 - 4.46) |
| Minnesota | 3.90 | (3.10 - 4.88) | 6.72 | (5.40 - 8.34) | 3.41 | (2.58 - 4.51) |
| Mississippi | 3.72 | (2.96 - 4.68) | 6.34 | (5.07 - 7.89) | 3.23 | (2.42 - 4.31) |
| Missouri | 4.30 | (3.36 - 5.48) | 6.55 | (5.30 - 8.08) | 3.91 | (2.91 - 5.24) |
| Montana | 4.57 | (3.60 - 5.78) | 7.70 | (6.21 - 9.51) | 4.02 | (2.99 - 5.38) |
| Nebraska | 4.02 | (3.19 - 5.04) | 6.25 | (4.97 - 7.84) | 3.58 | (2.71 - 4.73) |
| Nevada | 4.18 | (3.24 - 5.38) | 5.67 | (4.51 - 7.10) | 3.95 | (2.92 - 5.32) |
| New Hampshire | 4.28 | (3.35 - 5.45) | 6.98 | (5.65 - 8.59) | 3.86 | (2.86 - 5.18) |
| New Jersey | 3.62 | (2.87 - 4.57) | 7.23 | (5.77 - 9.01) | 3.07 | (2.29 - 4.11) |
| New Mexico | 3.53 | (2.77 - 4.48) | 6.61 | (5.30 - 8.22) | 2.96 | (2.16 - 4.05) |
| New York | 3.84 | (3.27 - 4.49) | 6.57 | (5.66 - 7.61) | 3.35 | (2.75 - 4.08) |
| North Carolina | 3.48 | (2.72 - 4.45) | 5.77 | (4.56 - 7.28) | 3.10 | (2.29 - 4.18) |
| North Dakota | 3.48 | (2.75 - 4.39) | 5.91 | (4.71 - 7.39) | 2.91 | (2.14 - 3.94) |
| Ohio | 4.13 | (3.53 - 4.83) | 6.99 | (6.13 - 7.97) | 3.66 | (3.01 - 4.45) |
| Oklahoma | 3.86 | (3.02 - 4.93) | 5.99 | (4.71 - 7.58) | 3.47 | (2.57 - 4.66) |
| Oregon | 4.14 | (3.24 - 5.27) | 6.32 | (5.06 - 7.87) | 3.79 | (2.84 - 5.05) |
| Pennsylvania | 3.68 | (3.13 - 4.32) | 6.60 | (5.68 - 7.66) | 3.20 | (2.61 - 3.92) |
| Rhode Island | 4.56 | (3.56 - 5.82) | 6.90 | (5.49 - 8.63) | 4.11 | (3.04 - 5.54) |
| South Carolina | 3.60 | (2.81 - 4.59) | 5.79 | (4.58 - 7.30) | 3.23 | (2.40 - 4.34) |
| South Dakota | 3.92 | (3.11 - 4.93) | 6.09 | (4.84 - 7.64) | 3.53 | (2.66 - 4.66) |
| Tennessee | 3.63 | (2.82 - 4.65) | 5.58 | (4.41 - 7.03) | 3.32 | (2.46 - 4.47) |
| Texas | 3.14 | (2.67 - 3.68) | 5.90 | (5.11 - 6.80) | 2.61 | (2.11 - 3.22) |
| Utah | 4.99 | (3.96 - 6.26) | 7.69 | (6.12 - 9.62) | 4.31 | (3.21 - 5.78) |
| Vermont | 4.39 | (3.48 - 5.52) | 7.32 | (5.91 - 9.05) | 3.88 | (2.91 - 5.16) |
| Virginia | 3.76 | (2.98 - 4.74) | 6.25 | (5.00 - 7.79) | 3.33 | (2.50 - 4.42) |
| Washington | 4.25 | (3.37 - 5.36) | 6.23 | (4.99 - 7.75) | 3.93 | (2.97 - 5.18) |
| West Virginia | 4.46 | (3.47 - 5.71) | 6.80 | (5.48 - 8.40) | 4.10 | (3.05 - 5.51) |
| Wisconsin | 4.04 | (3.22 - 5.07) | 7.09 | (5.68 - 8.82) | 3.51 | (2.65 - 4.64) |
| Wyoming | 3.98 | (3.15 - 5.03) | 5.97 | (4.76 - 7.48) | 3.62 | (2.72 - 4.81) |
| State | 18+ (Estimate) |
18+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
12-17 (Estimate) |
12-17 (95% Confidence Interval) |
18-25 (Estimate) |
18-25 (95% Confidence Interval) |
26+ (Estimate) |
26+ (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: Major depressive episode is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. For details, see Section A.11 in Appendix A of this report. NOTE: There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent major depressive episode modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from persons aged 18 or older to get an overall estimate (12 or older). NOTE: State and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. For the "Total U.S." row, design-based (direct) estimates and corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals are given. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||
| Total U.S. | 6.70 | (6.45 - 6.97) | 8.07 | (7.74 - 8.41) | 8.15 | (7.81 - 8.51) | 6.45 | (6.16 - 6.76) |
| Northeast | 6.68 | (6.23 - 7.17) | 7.79 | (7.24 - 8.38) | 8.24 | (7.64 - 8.88) | 6.42 | (5.91 - 6.98) |
| Midwest | 6.99 | (6.61 - 7.38) | 8.20 | (7.76 - 8.67) | 8.52 | (8.04 - 9.02) | 6.72 | (6.30 - 7.17) |
| South | 6.59 | (6.24 - 6.97) | 8.06 | (7.63 - 8.52) | 7.77 | (7.33 - 8.24) | 6.39 | (5.98 - 6.82) |
| West | 6.63 | (6.15 - 7.15) | 8.17 | (7.55 - 8.83) | 8.33 | (7.70 - 9.00) | 6.32 | (5.78 - 6.92) |
| Alabama | 7.48 | (6.19 - 9.02) | 7.65 | (6.34 - 9.21) | 7.97 | (6.45 - 9.83) | 7.40 | (5.94 - 9.18) |
| Alaska | 6.74 | (5.57 - 8.14) | 7.65 | (6.23 - 9.36) | 8.10 | (6.58 - 9.94) | 6.48 | (5.16 - 8.10) |
| Arizona | 6.87 | (5.65 - 8.31) | 8.37 | (6.84 - 10.20) | 8.58 | (6.98 - 10.51) | 6.58 | (5.22 - 8.25) |
| Arkansas | 7.81 | (6.54 - 9.31) | 8.52 | (6.99 - 10.33) | 8.64 | (7.05 - 10.55) | 7.67 | (6.25 - 9.39) |
| California | 6.12 | (5.40 - 6.94) | 7.85 | (6.93 - 8.89) | 8.02 | (7.05 - 9.11) | 5.76 | (4.94 - 6.72) |
| Colorado | 7.05 | (5.86 - 8.45) | 8.92 | (7.34 - 10.79) | 8.00 | (6.49 - 9.82) | 6.88 | (5.54 - 8.51) |
| Connecticut | 6.25 | (5.15 - 7.57) | 7.59 | (6.17 - 9.31) | 7.71 | (6.21 - 9.52) | 6.01 | (4.79 - 7.52) |
| Delaware | 6.93 | (5.75 - 8.33) | 9.02 | (7.51 - 10.80) | 10.39 | (8.58 - 12.53) | 6.36 | (5.07 - 7.97) |
| District of Columbia | 6.58 | (5.43 - 7.95) | 6.88 | (5.49 - 8.58) | 7.35 | (5.82 - 9.26) | 6.41 | (5.10 - 8.03) |
| Florida | 6.41 | (5.68 - 7.22) | 8.76 | (7.77 - 9.87) | 7.67 | (6.70 - 8.77) | 6.22 | (5.40 - 7.15) |
| Georgia | 6.24 | (5.18 - 7.50) | 8.09 | (6.72 - 9.72) | 7.84 | (6.38 - 9.60) | 5.96 | (4.78 - 7.42) |
| Hawaii | 5.99 | (4.91 - 7.30) | 7.23 | (5.77 - 9.02) | 7.67 | (6.10 - 9.60) | 5.73 | (4.52 - 7.24) |
| Idaho | 7.61 | (6.43 - 9.00) | 8.99 | (7.43 - 10.85) | 10.10 | (8.38 - 12.13) | 7.16 | (5.83 - 8.78) |
| Illinois | 6.81 | (6.04 - 7.66) | 7.48 | (6.56 - 8.52) | 8.90 | (7.87 - 10.06) | 6.43 | (5.57 - 7.42) |
| Indiana | 7.48 | (6.23 - 8.95) | 8.78 | (7.30 - 10.52) | 7.96 | (6.48 - 9.74) | 7.40 | (6.00 - 9.08) |
| Iowa | 7.01 | (5.87 - 8.35) | 7.64 | (6.28 - 9.27) | 7.77 | (6.35 - 9.48) | 6.87 | (5.57 - 8.44) |
| Kansas | 6.65 | (5.61 - 7.88) | 8.66 | (7.21 - 10.36) | 8.73 | (7.12 - 10.67) | 6.26 | (5.08 - 7.69) |
| Kentucky | 7.02 | (5.84 - 8.41) | 8.36 | (6.98 - 9.99) | 7.69 | (6.29 - 9.36) | 6.91 | (5.58 - 8.52) |
| Louisiana | 6.24 | (5.13 - 7.57) | 6.93 | (5.65 - 8.47) | 7.08 | (5.68 - 8.79) | 6.08 | (4.83 - 7.63) |
| Maine | 6.85 | (5.70 - 8.22) | 8.55 | (7.10 - 10.25) | 8.84 | (7.29 - 10.69) | 6.57 | (5.30 - 8.11) |
| Maryland | 6.09 | (5.00 - 7.40) | 7.58 | (6.17 - 9.29) | 7.63 | (6.15 - 9.43) | 5.83 | (4.63 - 7.33) |
| Massachusetts | 7.23 | (6.05 - 8.61) | 7.86 | (6.49 - 9.50) | 8.68 | (7.08 - 10.60) | 6.97 | (5.67 - 8.55) |
| Michigan | 6.90 | (6.18 - 7.69) | 8.37 | (7.43 - 9.42) | 9.20 | (8.17 - 10.35) | 6.50 | (5.70 - 7.41) |
| Minnesota | 6.85 | (5.74 - 8.17) | 7.81 | (6.47 - 9.40) | 8.56 | (7.03 - 10.38) | 6.56 | (5.31 - 8.09) |
| Mississippi | 6.39 | (5.28 - 7.71) | 7.46 | (6.11 - 9.08) | 6.53 | (5.27 - 8.07) | 6.36 | (5.09 - 7.92) |
| Missouri | 7.33 | (6.11 - 8.77) | 9.58 | (7.92 - 11.55) | 8.01 | (6.50 - 9.83) | 7.22 | (5.85 - 8.87) |
| Montana | 7.37 | (6.20 - 8.76) | 8.38 | (6.92 - 10.11) | 9.57 | (7.87 - 11.59) | 6.99 | (5.69 - 8.57) |
| Nebraska | 7.10 | (6.00 - 8.38) | 8.28 | (6.87 - 9.95) | 7.88 | (6.42 - 9.63) | 6.95 | (5.69 - 8.46) |
| Nevada | 6.97 | (5.77 - 8.41) | 7.73 | (6.26 - 9.51) | 7.27 | (5.84 - 9.01) | 6.93 | (5.58 - 8.56) |
| New Hampshire | 7.23 | (5.99 - 8.69) | 8.92 | (7.35 - 10.79) | 9.47 | (7.78 - 11.48) | 6.87 | (5.50 - 8.55) |
| New Jersey | 6.10 | (5.04 - 7.36) | 7.21 | (5.91 - 8.78) | 8.61 | (6.95 - 10.62) | 5.71 | (4.55 - 7.15) |
| New Mexico | 5.87 | (4.84 - 7.10) | 8.63 | (7.07 - 10.49) | 7.68 | (6.17 - 9.52) | 5.54 | (4.38 - 6.97) |
| New York | 6.75 | (5.96 - 7.62) | 7.84 | (6.93 - 8.85) | 7.56 | (6.63 - 8.60) | 6.60 | (5.71 - 7.62) |
| North Carolina | 6.56 | (5.43 - 7.91) | 7.45 | (6.13 - 9.02) | 7.27 | (5.87 - 8.98) | 6.44 | (5.18 - 7.99) |
| North Dakota | 6.74 | (5.69 - 7.97) | 8.24 | (6.82 - 9.92) | 7.99 | (6.54 - 9.73) | 6.46 | (5.25 - 7.92) |
| Ohio | 6.99 | (6.24 - 7.82) | 8.25 | (7.34 - 9.27) | 8.21 | (7.33 - 9.18) | 6.79 | (5.95 - 7.74) |
| Oklahoma | 7.54 | (6.29 - 9.01) | 7.85 | (6.45 - 9.53) | 9.75 | (7.88 - 12.00) | 7.13 | (5.74 - 8.82) |
| Oregon | 7.52 | (6.35 - 8.88) | 8.94 | (7.44 - 10.71) | 9.68 | (7.95 - 11.74) | 7.17 | (5.88 - 8.72) |
| Pennsylvania | 6.62 | (5.85 - 7.47) | 7.91 | (6.99 - 8.94) | 8.67 | (7.57 - 9.91) | 6.28 | (5.43 - 7.25) |
| Rhode Island | 7.95 | (6.61 - 9.53) | 8.11 | (6.65 - 9.85) | 9.33 | (7.52 - 11.51) | 7.69 | (6.16 - 9.57) |
| South Carolina | 7.36 | (6.09 - 8.86) | 8.56 | (7.12 - 10.25) | 8.73 | (7.08 - 10.72) | 7.13 | (5.73 - 8.84) |
| South Dakota | 5.95 | (4.86 - 7.26) | 8.80 | (7.28 - 10.61) | 7.32 | (5.83 - 9.14) | 5.70 | (4.49 - 7.21) |
| Tennessee | 7.35 | (6.09 - 8.84) | 8.33 | (6.98 - 9.91) | 7.78 | (6.31 - 9.55) | 7.28 | (5.87 - 9.00) |
| Texas | 6.02 | (5.31 - 6.82) | 7.96 | (7.03 - 9.00) | 7.49 | (6.57 - 8.53) | 5.74 | (4.93 - 6.68) |
| Utah | 8.18 | (6.97 - 9.56) | 8.09 | (6.71 - 9.72) | 9.31 | (7.72 - 11.20) | 7.90 | (6.48 - 9.59) |
| Vermont | 6.98 | (5.85 - 8.31) | 8.22 | (6.77 - 9.94) | 9.31 | (7.60 - 11.37) | 6.57 | (5.32 - 8.10) |
| Virginia | 6.84 | (5.75 - 8.14) | 8.37 | (6.94 - 10.07) | 8.23 | (6.74 - 10.02) | 6.60 | (5.37 - 8.09) |
| Washington | 7.58 | (6.36 - 9.00) | 8.86 | (7.32 - 10.69) | 8.98 | (7.34 - 10.94) | 7.35 | (5.99 - 8.98) |
| West Virginia | 7.63 | (6.37 - 9.12) | 8.03 | (6.64 - 9.69) | 8.08 | (6.56 - 9.92) | 7.56 | (6.16 - 9.26) |
| Wisconsin | 7.06 | (5.92 - 8.41) | 7.61 | (6.32 - 9.15) | 8.88 | (7.21 - 10.89) | 6.74 | (5.46 - 8.30) |
| Wyoming | 7.22 | (6.12 - 8.52) | 8.73 | (7.20 - 10.55) | 8.96 | (7.37 - 10.85) | 6.91 | (5.65 - 8.42) |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
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| Total U.S. | 8.38a | 8.82 | 0.000 | 9.69a | 10.12 | 0.023 | 20.54a | 21.46 | 0.001 | 6.12a | 6.46 | 0.020 |
| Northeast | 8.98a | 9.49 | 0.021 | 10.07 | 10.50 | 0.200 | 24.32 | 24.77 | 0.465 | 6.26b | 6.79 | 0.055 |
| Midwest | 7.77a | 8.10 | 0.030 | 9.63 | 9.76 | 0.626 | 19.40a | 20.34 | 0.036 | 5.53 | 5.75 | 0.260 |
| South | 7.46a | 7.86 | 0.007 | 8.80b | 9.25 | 0.057 | 18.48b | 19.33 | 0.077 | 5.43 | 5.72 | 0.123 |
| West | 9.94a | 10.48 | 0.042 | 10.82b | 11.49 | 0.092 | 21.81a | 23.24 | 0.017 | 7.67 | 8.03 | 0.288 |
| Alabama | 7.10 | 7.25 | 0.724 | 9.19 | 9.28 | 0.893 | 18.43 | 17.60 | 0.514 | 4.91 | 5.22 | 0.572 |
| Alaska | 13.56 | 14.15 | 0.490 | 11.07 | 10.59 | 0.609 | 28.75 | 27.65 | 0.534 | 11.08 | 12.00 | 0.398 |
| Arizona | 9.51 | 9.53 | 0.970 | 10.11 | 10.87 | 0.405 | 20.76 | 20.02 | 0.579 | 7.52 | 7.58 | 0.930 |
| Arkansas | 7.83 | 7.80 | 0.954 | 9.46 | 9.73 | 0.706 | 19.05 | 18.04 | 0.442 | 5.80 | 5.87 | 0.891 |
| California | 10.01 | 10.43 | 0.279 | 10.78a | 11.91 | 0.047 | 21.81 | 23.10 | 0.131 | 7.64 | 7.82 | 0.724 |
| Colorado | 11.34a | 13.48 | 0.003 | 12.10 | 12.63 | 0.597 | 27.32 | 29.88 | 0.132 | 8.57a | 10.75 | 0.015 |
| Connecticut | 8.85 | 9.52 | 0.183 | 10.30 | 10.54 | 0.773 | 24.85 | 26.07 | 0.426 | 6.13 | 6.70 | 0.346 |
| Delaware | 8.65 | 8.48 | 0.706 | 10.35 | 11.33 | 0.263 | 25.19 | 23.45 | 0.267 | 5.69 | 5.67 | 0.970 |
| District of Columbia | 10.47a | 12.28 | 0.017 | 11.42a | 13.54 | 0.040 | 22.13 | 24.01 | 0.226 | 7.78b | 9.60 | 0.051 |
| Florida | 8.04 | 8.42 | 0.261 | 9.05 | 9.77 | 0.148 | 18.20a | 20.02 | 0.040 | 6.43 | 6.52 | 0.810 |
| Georgia | 7.89 | 7.32 | 0.155 | 8.18 | 8.91 | 0.306 | 19.68 | 17.84 | 0.137 | 5.84 | 5.26 | 0.241 |
| Hawaii | 11.88a | 9.69 | 0.003 | 10.19 | 10.33 | 0.877 | 23.43 | 23.44 | 0.995 | 10.23a | 7.43 | 0.002 |
| Idaho | 8.21a | 9.56 | 0.013 | 9.94 | 10.06 | 0.883 | 17.87a | 20.56 | 0.048 | 6.26b | 7.48 | 0.068 |
| Illinois | 7.77b | 8.35 | 0.061 | 9.87 | 10.18 | 0.537 | 19.01a | 22.07 | 0.000 | 5.46 | 5.64 | 0.645 |
| Indiana | 8.50 | 8.44 | 0.903 | 10.59 | 9.66 | 0.205 | 19.94 | 20.56 | 0.663 | 6.29 | 6.18 | 0.853 |
| Iowa | 5.29 | 5.82 | 0.101 | 9.22 | 9.72 | 0.526 | 13.21b | 15.51 | 0.060 | 3.40 | 3.60 | 0.600 |
| Kansas | 7.02 | 7.07 | 0.913 | 8.93 | 9.24 | 0.691 | 16.27 | 17.43 | 0.390 | 5.04 | 4.81 | 0.651 |
| Kentucky | 7.38 | 7.01 | 0.380 | 8.13 | 8.39 | 0.702 | 18.17 | 17.91 | 0.844 | 5.60 | 5.10 | 0.331 |
| Louisiana | 7.11 | 7.52 | 0.278 | 7.40 | 7.95 | 0.439 | 18.88 | 19.87 | 0.431 | 4.80 | 5.11 | 0.511 |
| Maine | 11.14 | 11.79 | 0.280 | 10.89 | 10.79 | 0.908 | 28.55b | 31.36 | 0.080 | 8.74 | 9.11 | 0.612 |
| Maryland | 7.12a | 8.11 | 0.036 | 9.33 | 10.12 | 0.266 | 19.04 | 21.44 | 0.106 | 4.82 | 5.61 | 0.164 |
| Massachusetts | 10.90b | 12.12 | 0.053 | 11.06 | 12.42 | 0.132 | 27.93a | 31.15 | 0.043 | 7.86 | 8.71 | 0.275 |
| Michigan | 9.50a | 10.37 | 0.016 | 10.74 | 10.64 | 0.842 | 22.36 | 22.70 | 0.671 | 7.15a | 8.21 | 0.021 |
| Minnesota | 6.91 | 6.97 | 0.901 | 8.06 | 8.14 | 0.919 | 18.93 | 18.60 | 0.806 | 4.72 | 4.83 | 0.834 |
| Mississippi | 6.20b | 6.95 | 0.060 | 8.77 | 9.26 | 0.494 | 15.05 | 16.67 | 0.168 | 4.21 | 4.81 | 0.219 |
| Missouri | 7.55 | 7.70 | 0.735 | 8.04 | 8.55 | 0.472 | 19.39 | 20.12 | 0.588 | 5.54 | 5.50 | 0.931 |
| Montana | 9.63b | 10.77 | 0.079 | 11.31 | 11.66 | 0.693 | 24.52 | 25.61 | 0.476 | 6.93 | 8.08 | 0.149 |
| Nebraska | 6.69 | 7.01 | 0.406 | 8.64 | 8.27 | 0.617 | 17.06 | 17.61 | 0.673 | 4.48 | 4.80 | 0.477 |
| Nevada | 10.03 | 9.70 | 0.600 | 12.64 | 11.33 | 0.170 | 23.25 | 22.23 | 0.503 | 7.73 | 7.56 | 0.827 |
| New Hampshire | 11.21 | 12.15 | 0.152 | 11.54 | 13.17 | 0.114 | 30.31 | 31.96 | 0.336 | 8.25 | 8.89 | 0.418 |
| New Jersey | 6.71 | 7.33 | 0.146 | 8.31 | 8.83 | 0.486 | 20.54 | 20.28 | 0.853 | 4.37 | 5.14 | 0.143 |
| New Mexico | 9.09b | 10.07 | 0.085 | 12.37 | 12.36 | 0.990 | 19.09a | 22.69 | 0.012 | 6.82 | 7.47 | 0.360 |
| New York | 9.73 | 9.82 | 0.808 | 10.55 | 10.86 | 0.590 | 26.01b | 24.39 | 0.088 | 6.70 | 7.12 | 0.363 |
| North Carolina | 8.14 | 8.88 | 0.115 | 10.28 | 9.79 | 0.524 | 19.97 | 22.23 | 0.126 | 5.97 | 6.54 | 0.303 |
| North Dakota | 5.62 | 5.30 | 0.412 | 7.64 | 7.45 | 0.785 | 12.71 | 11.98 | 0.524 | 3.79 | 3.51 | 0.539 |
| Ohio | 7.53 | 7.87 | 0.243 | 9.89 | 10.33 | 0.368 | 19.95 | 20.86 | 0.248 | 5.19 | 5.44 | 0.500 |
| Oklahoma | 8.94 | 9.66 | 0.222 | 9.41 | 9.99 | 0.474 | 19.48 | 21.82 | 0.102 | 6.97 | 7.38 | 0.568 |
| Oregon | 12.32 | 12.63 | 0.683 | 12.33 | 12.86 | 0.593 | 27.79 | 28.03 | 0.878 | 9.93 | 10.13 | 0.825 |
| Pennsylvania | 7.45b | 7.99 | 0.073 | 9.45 | 9.51 | 0.908 | 19.76a | 21.70 | 0.034 | 5.18 | 5.55 | 0.315 |
| Rhode Island | 12.67 | 13.21 | 0.437 | 12.90 | 12.85 | 0.955 | 30.12 | 32.35 | 0.175 | 9.37 | 9.64 | 0.751 |
| South Carolina | 8.91 | 8.88 | 0.943 | 9.13 | 8.70 | 0.580 | 20.37 | 21.11 | 0.585 | 7.01 | 6.87 | 0.825 |
| South Dakota | 6.19 | 6.07 | 0.779 | 9.43 | 8.62 | 0.306 | 15.12 | 15.03 | 0.941 | 4.17 | 4.12 | 0.919 |
| Tennessee | 7.48 | 7.07 | 0.343 | 7.97 | 8.31 | 0.614 | 19.62 | 17.60 | 0.111 | 5.55 | 5.27 | 0.581 |
| Texas | 6.65a | 7.32 | 0.013 | 8.42 | 9.09 | 0.174 | 17.02 | 17.98 | 0.219 | 4.45b | 5.03 | 0.067 |
| Utah | 6.23 | 5.60 | 0.102 | 8.16b | 6.89 | 0.079 | 13.12 | 12.14 | 0.344 | 4.19 | 3.80 | 0.383 |
| Vermont | 12.32b | 13.73 | 0.075 | 11.92 | 12.80 | 0.370 | 32.77 | 35.09 | 0.223 | 9.03 | 10.15 | 0.244 |
| Virginia | 6.23a | 7.53 | 0.002 | 8.69 | 9.13 | 0.560 | 17.24b | 19.68 | 0.057 | 4.06a | 5.22 | 0.027 |
| Washington | 9.18a | 10.82 | 0.012 | 10.34 | 10.81 | 0.551 | 20.20a | 26.07 | 0.000 | 7.27 | 8.32 | 0.174 |
| West Virginia | 7.80 | 8.40 | 0.226 | 9.21 | 9.36 | 0.840 | 21.22 | 22.12 | 0.503 | 5.71 | 6.22 | 0.384 |
| Wisconsin | 7.90 | 7.77 | 0.770 | 9.67 | 10.04 | 0.630 | 21.26 | 19.95 | 0.330 | 5.43 | 5.37 | 0.909 |
| Wyoming | 6.45 | 7.07 | 0.162 | 10.13 | 10.46 | 0.691 | 17.41 | 18.14 | 0.579 | 4.05 | 4.63 | 0.260 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 10.88a | 11.47 | 0.000 | 13.37a | 13.84 | 0.040 | 29.31a | 30.39 | 0.001 | 7.38a | 7.88 | 0.002 |
| Northeast | 11.95a | 12.87 | 0.000 | 14.22 | 14.77 | 0.172 | 34.64 | 35.60 | 0.141 | 7.84a | 8.81 | 0.001 |
| Midwest | 10.36a | 10.79 | 0.015 | 12.84 | 13.04 | 0.496 | 28.53a | 29.66 | 0.019 | 6.90 | 7.21 | 0.161 |
| South | 9.59a | 9.94 | 0.046 | 12.06b | 12.60 | 0.067 | 25.38a | 26.58 | 0.017 | 6.62 | 6.75 | 0.523 |
| West | 12.55a | 13.44 | 0.001 | 15.26 | 15.81 | 0.235 | 31.83 | 32.87 | 0.131 | 8.69a | 9.59 | 0.009 |
| Alabama | 8.49 | 9.01 | 0.231 | 10.11 | 10.80 | 0.391 | 22.60 | 22.93 | 0.809 | 5.89 | 6.40 | 0.326 |
| Alaska | 16.25 | 17.51 | 0.143 | 15.89 | 16.11 | 0.856 | 35.51 | 36.77 | 0.475 | 12.67 | 13.92 | 0.250 |
| Arizona | 10.89 | 11.26 | 0.536 | 14.28 | 15.01 | 0.503 | 29.42 | 27.76 | 0.310 | 7.29 | 7.98 | 0.313 |
| Arkansas | 10.78a | 9.38 | 0.011 | 12.33 | 11.89 | 0.624 | 27.59a | 23.77 | 0.011 | 7.85b | 6.69 | 0.066 |
| California | 12.91a | 13.74 | 0.043 | 15.12 | 15.88 | 0.273 | 32.15 | 32.87 | 0.484 | 8.91b | 9.81 | 0.076 |
| Colorado | 15.12a | 16.93 | 0.024 | 18.55 | 19.05 | 0.687 | 38.59 | 40.92 | 0.208 | 10.79b | 12.54 | 0.068 |
| Connecticut | 12.56a | 13.79 | 0.047 | 15.91 | 16.77 | 0.450 | 37.10 | 39.03 | 0.291 | 8.25 | 9.31 | 0.140 |
| Delaware | 11.82 | 12.42 | 0.307 | 15.53 | 16.71 | 0.293 | 35.92 | 35.65 | 0.870 | 7.35 | 8.09 | 0.277 |
| District of Columbia | 14.34a | 16.14 | 0.047 | 14.59b | 16.66 | 0.082 | 33.16 | 34.39 | 0.464 | 10.11b | 12.08 | 0.071 |
| Florida | 10.12b | 10.76 | 0.089 | 12.94b | 14.10 | 0.061 | 26.58a | 28.67 | 0.034 | 7.38 | 7.70 | 0.466 |
| Georgia | 11.03 | 10.44 | 0.258 | 12.69 | 13.25 | 0.552 | 26.60 | 26.24 | 0.810 | 8.15 | 7.29 | 0.169 |
| Hawaii | 12.06 | 11.62 | 0.560 | 14.45 | 13.86 | 0.615 | 31.14 | 31.46 | 0.848 | 8.74 | 8.22 | 0.568 |
| Idaho | 10.66a | 12.30 | 0.004 | 13.44 | 13.96 | 0.596 | 28.30 | 29.75 | 0.349 | 7.15a | 8.89 | 0.009 |
| Illinois | 10.54a | 11.27 | 0.028 | 13.33 | 13.40 | 0.906 | 27.95a | 31.15 | 0.000 | 7.01 | 7.40 | 0.333 |
| Indiana | 10.28 | 10.18 | 0.833 | 12.90 | 12.38 | 0.561 | 27.22 | 28.29 | 0.497 | 7.08 | 6.76 | 0.552 |
| Iowa | 7.68a | 8.86 | 0.008 | 11.72 | 13.13 | 0.121 | 20.54a | 24.46 | 0.009 | 4.90 | 5.53 | 0.188 |
| Kansas | 9.39 | 9.71 | 0.473 | 12.12 | 12.59 | 0.622 | 25.63 | 26.91 | 0.399 | 6.00 | 6.04 | 0.934 |
| Kentucky | 8.83b | 8.10 | 0.099 | 10.91 | 11.19 | 0.765 | 24.66 | 22.88 | 0.219 | 6.10 | 5.37 | 0.136 |
| Louisiana | 8.52 | 8.73 | 0.642 | 9.76 | 10.55 | 0.373 | 23.23 | 24.09 | 0.522 | 5.51 | 5.55 | 0.944 |
| Maine | 13.55b | 14.68 | 0.100 | 14.20 | 15.28 | 0.352 | 39.68 | 41.89 | 0.208 | 9.85 | 10.76 | 0.267 |
| Maryland | 10.69 | 10.09 | 0.264 | 13.73 | 13.72 | 0.986 | 30.32 | 30.94 | 0.723 | 6.98 | 6.12 | 0.167 |
| Massachusetts | 14.57a | 16.73 | 0.001 | 16.44 | 17.38 | 0.414 | 40.19a | 44.29 | 0.024 | 9.81a | 11.77 | 0.013 |
| Michigan | 12.20a | 13.05 | 0.025 | 14.21 | 14.30 | 0.890 | 32.33 | 32.59 | 0.787 | 8.51a | 9.53 | 0.025 |
| Minnesota | 10.37 | 10.61 | 0.639 | 11.29 | 11.90 | 0.490 | 29.92 | 30.02 | 0.949 | 6.92 | 7.11 | 0.735 |
| Mississippi | 7.88 | 8.50 | 0.172 | 9.92 | 10.65 | 0.351 | 20.36 | 21.70 | 0.313 | 5.30 | 5.73 | 0.410 |
| Missouri | 9.73 | 10.23 | 0.299 | 11.54 | 12.15 | 0.525 | 27.19 | 27.60 | 0.785 | 6.62 | 7.06 | 0.428 |
| Montana | 12.23a | 14.61 | 0.001 | 15.50 | 16.83 | 0.235 | 34.96 | 37.60 | 0.150 | 8.04a | 10.35 | 0.005 |
| Nebraska | 9.25 | 9.55 | 0.522 | 10.87 | 10.81 | 0.940 | 24.63 | 26.28 | 0.269 | 6.12 | 6.16 | 0.949 |
| Nevada | 11.09 | 11.25 | 0.796 | 16.45 | 15.02 | 0.219 | 28.98 | 28.03 | 0.597 | 7.74 | 8.19 | 0.532 |
| New Hampshire | 14.87 | 15.26 | 0.602 | 16.56 | 18.45 | 0.148 | 41.83 | 41.74 | 0.961 | 10.55 | 10.70 | 0.859 |
| New Jersey | 9.19a | 10.62 | 0.003 | 11.63a | 13.61 | 0.044 | 30.00 | 31.78 | 0.284 | 5.67a | 7.00 | 0.015 |
| New Mexico | 10.95a | 12.50 | 0.003 | 16.83 | 18.12 | 0.269 | 29.23b | 31.97 | 0.089 | 6.82a | 8.21 | 0.025 |
| New York | 12.82 | 13.00 | 0.661 | 14.87 | 14.32 | 0.413 | 36.36b | 34.56 | 0.073 | 8.34 | 9.03 | 0.158 |
| North Carolina | 10.46 | 10.67 | 0.677 | 13.41 | 12.38 | 0.299 | 28.35 | 30.26 | 0.249 | 7.20 | 7.19 | 0.985 |
| North Dakota | 8.29 | 8.35 | 0.883 | 9.42 | 9.84 | 0.601 | 23.06 | 22.55 | 0.718 | 4.85 | 4.89 | 0.940 |
| Ohio | 10.08 | 10.37 | 0.371 | 12.97 | 13.13 | 0.784 | 29.54 | 30.67 | 0.185 | 6.52 | 6.71 | 0.639 |
| Oklahoma | 10.19b | 11.09 | 0.092 | 12.69 | 13.92 | 0.240 | 25.06b | 27.95 | 0.086 | 7.16 | 7.62 | 0.447 |
| Oregon | 14.41b | 15.79 | 0.052 | 18.34 | 19.53 | 0.332 | 37.33 | 38.90 | 0.360 | 10.40 | 11.66 | 0.130 |
| Pennsylvania | 10.04a | 10.97 | 0.005 | 12.87 | 13.62 | 0.239 | 28.78a | 31.43 | 0.008 | 6.62b | 7.29 | 0.089 |
| Rhode Island | 14.34a | 16.10 | 0.014 | 16.31 | 17.03 | 0.512 | 39.48b | 42.69 | 0.075 | 9.39b | 10.98 | 0.061 |
| South Carolina | 9.36a | 10.52 | 0.025 | 11.75 | 12.07 | 0.727 | 25.58a | 28.75 | 0.049 | 6.40 | 7.31 | 0.126 |
| South Dakota | 8.96 | 8.79 | 0.693 | 12.05 | 11.22 | 0.385 | 25.67 | 25.66 | 0.995 | 5.55 | 5.40 | 0.753 |
| Tennessee | 9.61 | 9.49 | 0.812 | 10.52 | 11.08 | 0.515 | 26.28 | 25.96 | 0.838 | 6.95 | 6.71 | 0.682 |
| Texas | 8.31a | 9.19 | 0.002 | 11.24a | 12.38 | 0.043 | 22.03a | 23.83 | 0.039 | 5.29b | 5.93 | 0.056 |
| Utah | 7.18 | 6.94 | 0.588 | 9.73 | 9.27 | 0.617 | 17.70 | 18.52 | 0.523 | 4.13 | 3.70 | 0.364 |
| Vermont | 15.95 | 16.99 | 0.165 | 16.67 | 17.88 | 0.313 | 45.25 | 46.35 | 0.575 | 11.09 | 11.83 | 0.397 |
| Virginia | 9.75 | 10.35 | 0.209 | 13.80 | 13.10 | 0.475 | 27.03 | 29.32 | 0.143 | 6.32 | 6.71 | 0.453 |
| Washington | 12.81b | 13.98 | 0.091 | 15.24 | 15.32 | 0.939 | 34.11a | 38.50 | 0.011 | 9.08 | 9.81 | 0.371 |
| West Virginia | 9.60 | 10.28 | 0.178 | 12.05 | 12.36 | 0.741 | 26.63 | 27.49 | 0.602 | 6.88 | 7.47 | 0.302 |
| Wisconsin | 10.65 | 10.50 | 0.754 | 13.71 | 13.94 | 0.811 | 31.13 | 29.61 | 0.337 | 6.82 | 6.75 | 0.896 |
| Wyoming | 9.88 | 9.27 | 0.211 | 14.19 | 13.83 | 0.743 | 27.24 | 25.60 | 0.326 | 6.27 | 5.72 | 0.287 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 6.40a | 6.77 | 0.000 | 7.03a | 7.38 | 0.035 | 17.42a | 18.39 | 0.000 | 4.42a | 4.68 | 0.037 |
| Northeast | 7.14a | 7.55 | 0.021 | 7.94b | 8.43 | 0.082 | 21.45 | 21.98 | 0.377 | 4.63b | 5.01 | 0.069 |
| Midwest | 6.07a | 6.34 | 0.039 | 7.03 | 7.13 | 0.624 | 16.57a | 17.55 | 0.027 | 4.14 | 4.28 | 0.362 |
| South | 5.47a | 5.73 | 0.049 | 6.06b | 6.44 | 0.069 | 15.21a | 16.18 | 0.034 | 3.76 | 3.85 | 0.549 |
| West | 7.57a | 8.21 | 0.004 | 7.86 | 8.32 | 0.157 | 18.43a | 19.80 | 0.027 | 5.56b | 6.09 | 0.053 |
| Alabama | 5.04 | 4.94 | 0.751 | 5.70 | 5.75 | 0.936 | 14.49 | 13.90 | 0.626 | 3.35 | 3.30 | 0.873 |
| Alaska | 11.52 | 11.84 | 0.683 | 9.14 | 8.64 | 0.543 | 25.16 | 24.46 | 0.681 | 9.30 | 9.82 | 0.611 |
| Arizona | 6.70 | 6.52 | 0.692 | 7.28 | 7.58 | 0.676 | 17.08 | 15.95 | 0.402 | 4.86 | 4.78 | 0.888 |
| Arkansas | 6.11b | 5.47 | 0.080 | 6.73 | 6.38 | 0.585 | 16.16b | 13.88 | 0.060 | 4.40 | 3.96 | 0.307 |
| California | 7.67b | 8.23 | 0.072 | 7.70b | 8.60 | 0.073 | 18.67 | 19.94 | 0.137 | 5.57 | 5.96 | 0.302 |
| Colorado | 9.77a | 11.29 | 0.018 | 10.17 | 9.91 | 0.768 | 24.18 | 26.35 | 0.190 | 7.31b | 8.86 | 0.052 |
| Connecticut | 7.26 | 7.69 | 0.321 | 8.35 | 8.86 | 0.515 | 22.56 | 23.56 | 0.521 | 4.70 | 4.96 | 0.601 |
| Delaware | 6.97 | 6.98 | 0.992 | 7.54 | 8.49 | 0.226 | 22.67 | 21.05 | 0.324 | 4.29 | 4.48 | 0.666 |
| District of Columbia | 8.46a | 10.04 | 0.009 | 7.50a | 9.31 | 0.037 | 19.59 | 21.14 | 0.345 | 6.07a | 7.67 | 0.026 |
| Florida | 5.80 | 6.10 | 0.284 | 6.31 | 6.92 | 0.147 | 15.21a | 17.22 | 0.021 | 4.35 | 4.33 | 0.954 |
| Georgia | 6.06b | 5.50 | 0.100 | 5.50 | 6.42 | 0.148 | 15.87 | 14.91 | 0.442 | 4.46b | 3.73 | 0.064 |
| Hawaii | 8.46 | 7.88 | 0.341 | 7.72 | 7.90 | 0.825 | 19.15 | 19.89 | 0.619 | 6.84 | 5.97 | 0.232 |
| Idaho | 5.89a | 7.29 | 0.003 | 7.50 | 7.63 | 0.855 | 14.13b | 16.49 | 0.075 | 4.21a | 5.56 | 0.014 |
| Illinois | 5.91a | 6.50 | 0.020 | 7.29 | 7.53 | 0.575 | 16.23a | 18.79 | 0.002 | 3.86 | 4.15 | 0.334 |
| Indiana | 6.08 | 6.10 | 0.968 | 7.24 | 6.68 | 0.357 | 16.48 | 17.50 | 0.445 | 4.17 | 4.05 | 0.767 |
| Iowa | 4.48 | 4.92 | 0.142 | 6.88 | 6.94 | 0.926 | 11.62a | 14.27 | 0.028 | 2.92 | 2.99 | 0.838 |
| Kansas | 5.02 | 5.33 | 0.373 | 5.97 | 6.42 | 0.477 | 13.04 | 14.07 | 0.403 | 3.40 | 3.52 | 0.767 |
| Kentucky | 4.81 | 4.58 | 0.444 | 5.27 | 5.44 | 0.764 | 14.25 | 14.26 | 0.993 | 3.27 | 2.93 | 0.306 |
| Louisiana | 5.14 | 5.19 | 0.874 | 4.82 | 5.28 | 0.405 | 15.19 | 15.76 | 0.626 | 3.26 | 3.17 | 0.799 |
| Maine | 9.81 | 9.77 | 0.942 | 8.43 | 8.94 | 0.556 | 26.13 | 27.34 | 0.464 | 7.69 | 7.36 | 0.635 |
| Maryland | 5.66 | 6.11 | 0.207 | 7.01 | 7.07 | 0.928 | 17.03 | 19.01 | 0.156 | 3.56 | 3.81 | 0.539 |
| Massachusetts | 8.74a | 10.11 | 0.007 | 9.09 | 10.27 | 0.135 | 24.84b | 27.98 | 0.060 | 5.84b | 6.92 | 0.070 |
| Michigan | 7.52a | 8.43 | 0.003 | 7.88 | 8.09 | 0.665 | 18.99 | 20.06 | 0.180 | 5.52a | 6.47 | 0.011 |
| Minnesota | 5.98 | 5.93 | 0.895 | 5.58 | 6.09 | 0.387 | 17.10 | 16.76 | 0.791 | 4.13 | 4.05 | 0.849 |
| Mississippi | 4.54 | 4.69 | 0.630 | 5.02 | 5.22 | 0.704 | 11.72 | 12.57 | 0.445 | 3.15 | 3.15 | 0.995 |
| Missouri | 5.94 | 6.13 | 0.590 | 5.74 | 6.42 | 0.299 | 16.91 | 17.44 | 0.681 | 4.15 | 4.18 | 0.943 |
| Montana | 8.12b | 9.24 | 0.052 | 8.78 | 9.61 | 0.301 | 21.99 | 22.71 | 0.644 | 5.72 | 6.84 | 0.109 |
| Nebraska | 5.36 | 5.88 | 0.121 | 6.09 | 6.30 | 0.761 | 14.70 | 15.44 | 0.564 | 3.50 | 3.98 | 0.197 |
| Nevada | 7.00 | 7.01 | 0.970 | 8.96b | 7.61 | 0.076 | 18.34 | 18.16 | 0.902 | 5.06 | 5.22 | 0.756 |
| New Hampshire | 9.62 | 9.96 | 0.529 | 9.66b | 11.51 | 0.060 | 27.28 | 28.29 | 0.553 | 6.91 | 6.88 | 0.969 |
| New Jersey | 5.04b | 5.66 | 0.078 | 6.16 | 7.21 | 0.112 | 17.42 | 17.95 | 0.698 | 2.99 | 3.58 | 0.146 |
| New Mexico | 6.54a | 7.73 | 0.007 | 9.25 | 9.34 | 0.908 | 15.74a | 19.25 | 0.010 | 4.49b | 5.41 | 0.077 |
| New York | 7.73 | 7.75 | 0.945 | 8.50 | 8.58 | 0.873 | 23.09b | 21.46 | 0.078 | 4.87 | 5.22 | 0.310 |
| North Carolina | 6.30b | 7.07 | 0.059 | 7.19 | 7.10 | 0.876 | 16.85a | 19.72 | 0.045 | 4.49 | 4.96 | 0.318 |
| North Dakota | 4.67b | 4.10 | 0.079 | 5.06 | 4.40 | 0.196 | 10.65 | 9.98 | 0.542 | 3.30 | 2.71 | 0.121 |
| Ohio | 5.96 | 6.03 | 0.767 | 7.63 | 7.61 | 0.966 | 17.26 | 18.34 | 0.145 | 3.89 | 3.81 | 0.788 |
| Oklahoma | 5.60a | 6.90 | 0.002 | 6.23 | 7.17 | 0.149 | 14.18a | 17.36 | 0.018 | 3.96b | 4.94 | 0.054 |
| Oregon | 9.29 | 10.21 | 0.133 | 8.66 | 9.46 | 0.331 | 23.87 | 23.88 | 0.994 | 7.11 | 8.11 | 0.187 |
| Pennsylvania | 5.81 | 6.17 | 0.134 | 7.19 | 7.40 | 0.663 | 17.08a | 19.18 | 0.013 | 3.80 | 3.88 | 0.773 |
| Rhode Island | 10.04 | 10.80 | 0.205 | 9.09 | 9.63 | 0.539 | 27.14 | 29.83 | 0.141 | 6.94 | 7.34 | 0.570 |
| South Carolina | 5.91 | 5.99 | 0.825 | 5.55 | 5.74 | 0.736 | 16.88 | 17.59 | 0.585 | 4.16 | 4.10 | 0.877 |
| South Dakota | 5.14 | 4.92 | 0.534 | 6.61b | 5.51 | 0.077 | 13.55 | 13.31 | 0.851 | 3.44 | 3.32 | 0.766 |
| Tennessee | 5.42a | 4.67 | 0.022 | 5.19 | 5.34 | 0.798 | 16.64b | 14.17 | 0.057 | 3.72b | 3.09 | 0.083 |
| Texas | 4.74a | 5.40 | 0.002 | 6.11 | 6.49 | 0.341 | 13.45b | 14.74 | 0.096 | 2.91a | 3.46 | 0.033 |
| Utah | 3.60b | 3.11 | 0.068 | 4.78a | 3.68 | 0.044 | 8.21 | 7.74 | 0.618 | 2.27 | 1.90 | 0.224 |
| Vermont | 10.85 | 11.57 | 0.275 | 9.73 | 10.65 | 0.346 | 30.56 | 32.01 | 0.422 | 7.75 | 8.15 | 0.625 |
| Virginia | 5.33 | 5.85 | 0.126 | 6.33 | 6.74 | 0.538 | 15.70 | 17.40 | 0.182 | 3.45 | 3.73 | 0.463 |
| Washington | 7.21a | 8.86 | 0.004 | 7.74 | 8.01 | 0.715 | 17.19a | 22.74 | 0.001 | 5.53b | 6.69 | 0.084 |
| West Virginia | 5.50 | 5.99 | 0.175 | 5.74 | 6.14 | 0.514 | 17.46 | 18.89 | 0.321 | 3.74 | 4.03 | 0.476 |
| Wisconsin | 6.19 | 5.67 | 0.168 | 7.20 | 6.87 | 0.591 | 17.49 | 15.81 | 0.196 | 4.16 | 3.76 | 0.346 |
| Wyoming | 5.42 | 5.37 | 0.896 | 7.55 | 7.07 | 0.471 | 15.50 | 15.26 | 0.847 | 3.37 | 3.35 | 0.975 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 35.75a | 33.57 | 0.000 | 31.84a | 29.93 | 0.000 | 21.30a | 19.24 | 0.000 | 38.75a | 36.52 | 0.000 |
| Northeast | 32.82a | 31.35 | 0.001 | 28.53a | 26.17 | 0.000 | 17.46a | 16.00 | 0.002 | 35.93a | 34.55 | 0.017 |
| Midwest | 34.22a | 31.95 | 0.000 | 32.93a | 31.09 | 0.000 | 19.87a | 17.48 | 0.000 | 36.87a | 34.59 | 0.000 |
| South | 39.95a | 37.98 | 0.000 | 34.60a | 32.77 | 0.000 | 24.25a | 22.15 | 0.000 | 43.28a | 41.35 | 0.000 |
| West | 32.92a | 29.89 | 0.000 | 29.05a | 27.27 | 0.002 | 21.10a | 18.88 | 0.000 | 35.59a | 32.24 | 0.000 |
| Alabama | 41.12 | 41.00 | 0.924 | 39.41 | 40.12 | 0.673 | 28.47 | 28.46 | 0.996 | 43.48 | 43.26 | 0.893 |
| Alaska | 27.80a | 24.37 | 0.004 | 28.13 | 25.56 | 0.169 | 17.04b | 14.70 | 0.053 | 29.78a | 26.10 | 0.017 |
| Arizona | 34.84a | 31.99 | 0.023 | 28.86 | 27.03 | 0.255 | 22.86 | 21.41 | 0.310 | 37.66a | 34.42 | 0.043 |
| Arkansas | 39.79 | 37.94 | 0.126 | 36.75 | 34.01 | 0.123 | 22.80 | 21.21 | 0.250 | 42.94 | 41.20 | 0.246 |
| California | 34.50a | 31.22 | 0.000 | 28.11a | 26.14 | 0.026 | 22.36a | 20.22 | 0.009 | 37.72a | 34.01 | 0.000 |
| Colorado | 26.74a | 22.32 | 0.000 | 25.24 | 23.10 | 0.134 | 14.95 | 13.21 | 0.107 | 28.90a | 23.80 | 0.000 |
| Connecticut | 33.13 | 31.35 | 0.136 | 28.49a | 23.45 | 0.003 | 17.73a | 15.41 | 0.033 | 36.15 | 34.91 | 0.408 |
| Delaware | 33.59a | 30.69 | 0.013 | 30.51 | 28.07 | 0.125 | 18.49a | 15.46 | 0.006 | 36.48a | 33.51 | 0.042 |
| District of Columbia | 29.19a | 26.77 | 0.034 | 27.40 | 24.44 | 0.121 | 16.81 | 15.44 | 0.231 | 32.13b | 29.47 | 0.067 |
| Florida | 42.23b | 40.76 | 0.057 | 33.87a | 31.86 | 0.034 | 24.92a | 21.77 | 0.001 | 45.71 | 44.57 | 0.235 |
| Georgia | 35.32 | 35.37 | 0.964 | 30.34 | 30.20 | 0.928 | 20.16 | 21.30 | 0.407 | 38.59 | 38.54 | 0.977 |
| Hawaii | 33.77 | 31.75 | 0.117 | 29.23b | 26.38 | 0.078 | 21.54a | 18.90 | 0.037 | 36.23 | 34.38 | 0.246 |
| Idaho | 33.64 | 33.15 | 0.669 | 33.91 | 32.33 | 0.318 | 20.85 | 20.91 | 0.966 | 35.85 | 35.50 | 0.811 |
| Illinois | 36.03a | 32.81 | 0.000 | 32.62a | 29.72 | 0.001 | 22.21a | 18.69 | 0.000 | 38.98a | 35.76 | 0.000 |
| Indiana | 35.34b | 33.20 | 0.057 | 33.39 | 34.29 | 0.551 | 20.29b | 17.84 | 0.053 | 38.13b | 35.72 | 0.094 |
| Iowa | 35.39b | 33.24 | 0.080 | 37.01a | 33.37 | 0.017 | 20.18a | 17.70 | 0.049 | 37.87 | 36.03 | 0.238 |
| Kansas | 36.77 | 34.85 | 0.118 | 34.17 | 31.61 | 0.107 | 20.32b | 17.94 | 0.075 | 40.18 | 38.51 | 0.284 |
| Kentucky | 41.41a | 38.14 | 0.010 | 39.04 | 39.48 | 0.794 | 24.12 | 24.10 | 0.989 | 44.40a | 40.22 | 0.009 |
| Louisiana | 41.86 | 40.54 | 0.276 | 38.44a | 35.14 | 0.039 | 25.82 | 24.59 | 0.392 | 45.41 | 44.31 | 0.476 |
| Maine | 28.19a | 25.13 | 0.009 | 28.86 | 26.52 | 0.118 | 14.92a | 12.79 | 0.048 | 29.96a | 26.74 | 0.025 |
| Maryland | 34.42 | 33.01 | 0.259 | 30.30a | 26.54 | 0.018 | 19.80a | 16.80 | 0.020 | 37.42 | 36.55 | 0.582 |
| Massachusetts | 25.59 | 24.96 | 0.596 | 24.40a | 20.44 | 0.004 | 13.47a | 11.03 | 0.013 | 27.87 | 27.95 | 0.960 |
| Michigan | 31.57a | 29.36 | 0.002 | 31.38a | 28.40 | 0.000 | 17.44 | 16.21 | 0.104 | 33.99a | 31.75 | 0.012 |
| Minnesota | 28.46 | 27.72 | 0.502 | 28.55 | 28.73 | 0.898 | 17.06 | 15.82 | 0.273 | 30.40 | 29.65 | 0.591 |
| Mississippi | 47.21 | 45.18 | 0.121 | 40.42 | 41.61 | 0.499 | 29.43 | 27.86 | 0.361 | 51.44 | 48.92 | 0.134 |
| Missouri | 36.08b | 34.16 | 0.097 | 34.94a | 31.67 | 0.020 | 21.45b | 19.19 | 0.096 | 38.64 | 36.99 | 0.263 |
| Montana | 30.99a | 27.58 | 0.003 | 29.24a | 26.18 | 0.029 | 16.16a | 13.20 | 0.005 | 33.68a | 30.24 | 0.018 |
| Nebraska | 36.89a | 34.47 | 0.045 | 38.07 | 36.34 | 0.330 | 19.05 | 17.72 | 0.280 | 40.11b | 37.46 | 0.092 |
| Nevada | 35.00a | 31.64 | 0.004 | 30.70 | 29.66 | 0.532 | 22.70a | 19.31 | 0.008 | 37.38a | 33.79 | 0.014 |
| New Hampshire | 25.37 | 24.05 | 0.245 | 23.43 | 22.33 | 0.416 | 12.23 | 10.99 | 0.203 | 27.62 | 26.32 | 0.359 |
| New Jersey | 36.23b | 34.07 | 0.096 | 29.21 | 26.87 | 0.130 | 18.41 | 17.03 | 0.247 | 39.85 | 37.57 | 0.161 |
| New Mexico | 39.02a | 36.17 | 0.022 | 30.94a | 26.49 | 0.004 | 23.08a | 19.16 | 0.004 | 43.01 | 40.53 | 0.126 |
| New York | 34.12b | 32.77 | 0.077 | 28.67a | 26.59 | 0.027 | 18.78 | 17.92 | 0.254 | 37.55 | 36.14 | 0.146 |
| North Carolina | 34.08 | 33.32 | 0.519 | 29.94 | 27.56 | 0.106 | 21.51b | 19.21 | 0.087 | 36.62 | 36.37 | 0.864 |
| North Dakota | 35.88 | 35.80 | 0.938 | 35.88 | 35.51 | 0.830 | 20.18 | 20.10 | 0.953 | 39.40 | 39.48 | 0.957 |
| Ohio | 34.15a | 32.47 | 0.021 | 32.61 | 31.33 | 0.133 | 19.41a | 17.18 | 0.001 | 36.76b | 35.11 | 0.073 |
| Oklahoma | 37.72 | 36.43 | 0.332 | 37.82a | 33.30 | 0.006 | 24.39a | 20.60 | 0.009 | 40.14 | 39.76 | 0.825 |
| Oregon | 26.66a | 22.71 | 0.001 | 26.42 | 24.28 | 0.142 | 15.00a | 11.75 | 0.001 | 28.49a | 24.29 | 0.003 |
| Pennsylvania | 34.19 | 32.93 | 0.102 | 30.70 | 29.41 | 0.178 | 18.17b | 16.62 | 0.058 | 37.24 | 36.03 | 0.214 |
| Rhode Island | 28.45 | 26.90 | 0.203 | 28.23a | 24.53 | 0.015 | 14.28a | 12.09 | 0.034 | 31.13 | 29.97 | 0.454 |
| South Carolina | 40.24 | 38.58 | 0.197 | 33.86b | 30.94 | 0.056 | 23.04 | 20.86 | 0.110 | 43.85 | 42.44 | 0.377 |
| South Dakota | 37.92 | 35.85 | 0.112 | 35.34 | 34.30 | 0.537 | 22.26a | 18.54 | 0.009 | 41.08 | 39.21 | 0.259 |
| Tennessee | 39.40b | 37.04 | 0.071 | 34.73b | 31.96 | 0.078 | 20.37 | 18.65 | 0.195 | 42.87 | 40.53 | 0.150 |
| Texas | 44.28a | 40.40 | 0.000 | 36.92 | 35.65 | 0.197 | 28.17a | 25.32 | 0.002 | 48.39a | 43.96 | 0.000 |
| Utah | 38.16 | 37.59 | 0.635 | 43.40 | 44.80 | 0.452 | 26.87 | 25.32 | 0.346 | 40.10 | 39.42 | 0.673 |
| Vermont | 25.22a | 22.73 | 0.030 | 23.93 | 23.35 | 0.688 | 11.73 | 10.51 | 0.234 | 27.57b | 24.77 | 0.052 |
| Virginia | 34.58 | 32.65 | 0.116 | 30.56a | 26.95 | 0.013 | 21.37a | 18.40 | 0.025 | 37.31 | 35.82 | 0.334 |
| Washington | 26.26b | 24.31 | 0.076 | 28.94 | 28.04 | 0.511 | 16.37a | 13.77 | 0.017 | 27.53 | 25.59 | 0.159 |
| West Virginia | 44.03a | 39.95 | 0.001 | 38.16 | 35.75 | 0.136 | 23.66b | 21.16 | 0.081 | 47.60a | 43.22 | 0.004 |
| Wisconsin | 33.81a | 29.91 | 0.001 | 33.56 | 32.53 | 0.538 | 19.54a | 15.91 | 0.003 | 36.24a | 32.04 | 0.004 |
| Wyoming | 35.61 | 33.76 | 0.133 | 39.62 | 36.98 | 0.222 | 21.28 | 20.06 | 0.377 | 37.65 | 35.88 | 0.256 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Average annual marijuana initiation rate = 100 × {[X1 ÷ (0.5 × X1 + X2)] ÷ 2}, where X1 is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X2 is the number of persons who never used marijuana. Both of the computation components, X1 and X2, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. Note that the age group is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 1.75a | 1.82 | 0.028 | 5.74 | 5.93 | 0.106 | 7.09 | 7.29 | 0.229 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.164 |
| Northeast | 1.80a | 1.94 | 0.005 | 5.92b | 6.24 | 0.065 | 7.96 | 8.43 | 0.113 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.346 |
| Midwest | 1.79 | 1.83 | 0.241 | 5.57 | 5.71 | 0.270 | 7.41 | 7.46 | 0.795 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.425 |
| South | 1.56 | 1.62 | 0.148 | 5.22 | 5.34 | 0.353 | 6.34 | 6.58 | 0.208 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.416 |
| West | 2.00 | 2.07 | 0.257 | 6.57 | 6.82 | 0.206 | 7.38 | 7.49 | 0.680 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.123 |
| Alabama | 1.38 | 1.42 | 0.537 | 4.47 | 4.54 | 0.820 | 5.53 | 5.74 | 0.657 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.581 |
| Alaska | 2.30b | 2.57 | 0.055 | 6.35 | 6.87 | 0.264 | 7.33 | 8.16 | 0.264 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.238 |
| Arizona | 1.72 | 1.79 | 0.460 | 6.10 | 6.33 | 0.626 | 6.58 | 6.35 | 0.690 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.193 |
| Arkansas | 1.56 | 1.49 | 0.431 | 5.15 | 5.00 | 0.704 | 6.99 | 6.25 | 0.178 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.667 |
| California | 2.06 | 2.09 | 0.641 | 6.66 | 6.88 | 0.468 | 7.39 | 7.40 | 0.965 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.122 |
| Colorado | 2.45a | 2.78 | 0.028 | 8.11a | 9.31 | 0.032 | 9.23 | 9.61 | 0.653 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.438 |
| Connecticut | 2.14 | 2.27 | 0.254 | 7.09 | 7.23 | 0.775 | 8.98a | 10.51 | 0.041 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.751 |
| Delaware | 2.13 | 2.19 | 0.601 | 6.67 | 7.25 | 0.227 | 9.55 | 9.24 | 0.657 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.839 |
| District of Columbia | 2.33 | 2.44 | 0.422 | 7.25 | 7.53 | 0.596 | 8.38 | 9.44 | 0.160 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.451 |
| Florida | 1.39 | 1.46 | 0.239 | 5.35 | 5.69 | 0.205 | 6.22 | 6.40 | 0.638 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.216 |
| Georgia | 1.87 | 1.88 | 0.869 | 5.46 | 6.09 | 0.150 | 6.90 | 6.58 | 0.573 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.654 |
| Hawaii | 1.71 | 1.87 | 0.201 | 6.42 | 6.85 | 0.452 | 7.57 | 8.24 | 0.399 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.174 |
| Idaho | 1.86 | 1.97 | 0.240 | 5.50 | 5.71 | 0.593 | 7.18 | 7.52 | 0.544 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.302 |
| Illinois | 1.74 | 1.84 | 0.128 | 5.65 | 5.67 | 0.965 | 6.85a | 7.69 | 0.023 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.424 |
| Indiana | 1.76 | 1.73 | 0.753 | 5.81 | 5.64 | 0.649 | 7.37 | 7.02 | 0.548 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.489 |
| Iowa | 1.55a | 1.79 | 0.012 | 5.34 | 5.97 | 0.120 | 5.97b | 7.04 | 0.060 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.231 |
| Kansas | 1.72 | 1.71 | 0.912 | 5.65 | 5.61 | 0.916 | 6.85 | 6.48 | 0.535 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.187 |
| Kentucky | 1.48 | 1.50 | 0.793 | 5.46 | 5.15 | 0.439 | 6.09 | 6.18 | 0.857 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.705 |
| Louisiana | 1.33 | 1.36 | 0.755 | 3.89 | 4.11 | 0.511 | 5.53 | 5.59 | 0.915 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.451 |
| Maine | 1.73 | 1.82 | 0.339 | 5.43 | 5.93 | 0.209 | 8.97 | 9.05 | 0.914 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.707 |
| Maryland | 1.81 | 1.83 | 0.849 | 5.61 | 5.59 | 0.965 | 8.20 | 8.01 | 0.781 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.876 |
| Massachusetts | 2.27 | 2.45 | 0.178 | 7.13b | 8.02 | 0.061 | 9.69 | 9.82 | 0.874 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.602 |
| Michigan | 2.10 | 2.19 | 0.242 | 5.97 | 6.04 | 0.803 | 8.72 | 8.93 | 0.630 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.709 |
| Minnesota | 1.77 | 1.85 | 0.384 | 4.85 | 5.42 | 0.132 | 7.89 | 7.65 | 0.709 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.391 |
| Mississippi | 1.34 | 1.38 | 0.587 | 4.09 | 4.16 | 0.840 | 5.22 | 5.29 | 0.884 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.493 |
| Missouri | 1.64 | 1.66 | 0.799 | 5.11 | 5.61 | 0.168 | 7.12 | 6.50 | 0.254 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.498 |
| Montana | 2.04a | 2.53 | 0.000 | 6.67b | 7.53 | 0.069 | 9.79a | 11.68 | 0.021 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.174 |
| Nebraska | 1.54 | 1.55 | 0.929 | 4.48 | 4.52 | 0.921 | 6.32 | 6.44 | 0.823 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.230 |
| Nevada | 1.85 | 1.80 | 0.621 | 7.16 | 6.51 | 0.213 | 6.55 | 6.37 | 0.771 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.433 |
| New Hampshire | 2.25a | 2.53 | 0.048 | 6.29a | 7.42 | 0.029 | 10.53 | 10.61 | 0.932 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.684 |
| New Jersey | 1.50a | 1.85 | 0.000 | 4.89a | 6.00 | 0.006 | 7.69 | 8.72 | 0.128 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.190 |
| New Mexico | 2.06 | 2.22 | 0.192 | 7.84 | 8.27 | 0.410 | 8.01 | 8.12 | 0.881 | 0.12a | 0.24 | 0.050 |
| New York | 1.81 | 1.82 | 0.978 | 6.05 | 5.71 | 0.188 | 7.38 | 7.43 | 0.912 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.373 |
| North Carolina | 1.69 | 1.60 | 0.357 | 6.24b | 5.36 | 0.053 | 6.67 | 6.85 | 0.782 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.975 |
| North Dakota | 1.56 | 1.60 | 0.703 | 4.28 | 4.52 | 0.519 | 6.59 | 6.14 | 0.420 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.142 |
| Ohio | 1.78 | 1.81 | 0.641 | 5.59 | 5.68 | 0.709 | 7.47 | 7.59 | 0.733 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.755 |
| Oklahoma | 1.47 | 1.60 | 0.127 | 4.87b | 5.55 | 0.089 | 5.77 | 6.07 | 0.554 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.130 |
| Oregon | 2.42 | 2.23 | 0.135 | 7.87 | 7.49 | 0.427 | 9.63 | 9.06 | 0.495 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.908 |
| Pennsylvania | 1.61a | 1.79 | 0.011 | 5.37 | 5.81 | 0.104 | 7.47 | 8.27 | 0.106 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.458 |
| Rhode Island | 2.27 | 2.42 | 0.287 | 7.20 | 7.17 | 0.963 | 9.16 | 10.13 | 0.251 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.580 |
| South Carolina | 1.46 | 1.54 | 0.340 | 4.77 | 4.89 | 0.773 | 6.41 | 7.07 | 0.247 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.807 |
| South Dakota | 1.59 | 1.62 | 0.743 | 5.17 | 4.84 | 0.391 | 6.70 | 7.04 | 0.567 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.151 |
| Tennessee | 1.26b | 1.39 | 0.078 | 4.11 | 4.26 | 0.633 | 6.00 | 6.65 | 0.230 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.648 |
| Texas | 1.59a | 1.75 | 0.015 | 5.20 | 5.48 | 0.263 | 5.86b | 6.48 | 0.072 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.141 |
| Utah | 1.29 | 1.36 | 0.531 | 3.94 | 4.03 | 0.841 | 3.64 | 3.96 | 0.458 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.202 |
| Vermont | 2.47 | 2.70 | 0.105 | 7.37 | 8.21 | 0.102 | 11.93 | 12.47 | 0.599 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.724 |
| Virginia | 1.90 | 1.81 | 0.348 | 5.98 | 5.64 | 0.386 | 7.59 | 7.65 | 0.920 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.891 |
| Washington | 1.94 | 2.10 | 0.158 | 5.68 | 6.21 | 0.231 | 8.53 | 9.37 | 0.249 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.448 |
| West Virginia | 1.27a | 1.42 | 0.042 | 5.33 | 5.56 | 0.546 | 5.76 | 6.40 | 0.204 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.414 |
| Wisconsin | 1.92 | 1.82 | 0.331 | 6.16 | 6.36 | 0.623 | 8.39a | 7.04 | 0.037 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.587 |
| Wyoming | 1.92 | 2.03 | 0.268 | 6.47 | 6.59 | 0.796 | 7.70 | 7.97 | 0.664 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.131 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.54 | 3.60 | 0.404 | 4.47 | 4.52 | 0.695 | 8.10 | 8.16 | 0.748 | 2.63 | 2.69 | 0.491 |
| Northeast | 3.49 | 3.65 | 0.207 | 4.11 | 4.02 | 0.669 | 8.90 | 8.96 | 0.853 | 2.50 | 2.71 | 0.177 |
| Midwest | 3.27 | 3.31 | 0.644 | 4.39 | 4.49 | 0.532 | 7.80 | 8.00 | 0.404 | 2.34 | 2.35 | 0.975 |
| South | 3.43 | 3.51 | 0.384 | 4.33 | 4.47 | 0.401 | 7.74 | 7.60 | 0.524 | 2.59 | 2.69 | 0.382 |
| West | 4.00 | 3.98 | 0.891 | 5.03 | 4.99 | 0.868 | 8.32 | 8.56 | 0.485 | 3.08 | 3.02 | 0.727 |
| Alabama | 3.83b | 3.31 | 0.053 | 4.85 | 4.96 | 0.834 | 9.40a | 7.53 | 0.020 | 2.75 | 2.38 | 0.247 |
| Alaska | 3.80 | 3.98 | 0.538 | 4.11 | 3.79 | 0.542 | 8.20 | 7.91 | 0.696 | 2.92 | 3.24 | 0.397 |
| Arizona | 4.17 | 4.31 | 0.672 | 5.02 | 4.87 | 0.808 | 8.66 | 8.63 | 0.974 | 3.29 | 3.51 | 0.601 |
| Arkansas | 3.71 | 4.00 | 0.308 | 4.62 | 5.01 | 0.464 | 8.38 | 8.58 | 0.777 | 2.84 | 3.11 | 0.412 |
| California | 4.02 | 3.80 | 0.310 | 5.25 | 5.22 | 0.941 | 7.91 | 7.99 | 0.871 | 3.10 | 2.81 | 0.271 |
| Colorado | 3.62a | 4.17 | 0.046 | 4.24 | 4.63 | 0.456 | 9.90 | 9.75 | 0.868 | 2.50a | 3.16 | 0.048 |
| Connecticut | 3.41 | 3.77 | 0.248 | 4.45 | 4.16 | 0.550 | 8.62 | 9.07 | 0.550 | 2.46 | 2.86 | 0.291 |
| Delaware | 3.96 | 3.66 | 0.319 | 4.66 | 4.69 | 0.962 | 9.13 | 8.75 | 0.665 | 3.01 | 2.70 | 0.380 |
| District of Columbia | 4.01 | 4.65 | 0.113 | 4.39 | 4.37 | 0.965 | 6.60b | 7.80 | 0.080 | 3.39 | 3.99 | 0.242 |
| Florida | 3.39 | 3.47 | 0.693 | 4.46 | 4.47 | 0.990 | 6.79 | 7.13 | 0.451 | 2.77 | 2.81 | 0.864 |
| Georgia | 3.12 | 3.26 | 0.575 | 3.96 | 4.01 | 0.914 | 7.85 | 7.23 | 0.375 | 2.20 | 2.46 | 0.392 |
| Hawaii | 5.08a | 3.56 | 0.000 | 4.95 | 4.59 | 0.589 | 8.56 | 7.88 | 0.389 | 4.54a | 2.76 | 0.000 |
| Idaho | 3.82 | 3.91 | 0.746 | 4.81 | 4.61 | 0.709 | 7.59 | 8.49 | 0.241 | 3.01 | 2.98 | 0.913 |
| Illinois | 3.24 | 3.27 | 0.852 | 4.24 | 4.62 | 0.243 | 6.70a | 8.02 | 0.007 | 2.48 | 2.24 | 0.294 |
| Indiana | 3.93b | 3.45 | 0.075 | 5.32 | 4.77 | 0.277 | 8.51 | 7.91 | 0.453 | 2.97 | 2.51 | 0.136 |
| Iowa | 2.01b | 2.38 | 0.098 | 3.82b | 4.90 | 0.051 | 5.14 | 5.78 | 0.324 | 1.24 | 1.46 | 0.358 |
| Kansas | 3.33 | 3.41 | 0.762 | 4.39 | 4.42 | 0.954 | 7.30 | 8.11 | 0.274 | 2.45 | 2.38 | 0.806 |
| Kentucky | 3.97a | 3.42 | 0.036 | 4.70 | 4.62 | 0.876 | 9.08 | 8.17 | 0.258 | 3.08b | 2.52 | 0.073 |
| Louisiana | 3.79 | 4.14 | 0.224 | 4.07 | 4.20 | 0.812 | 9.26 | 9.56 | 0.727 | 2.69 | 3.09 | 0.248 |
| Maine | 3.44 | 3.65 | 0.410 | 4.46 | 4.30 | 0.739 | 9.78 | 10.90 | 0.193 | 2.45 | 2.56 | 0.711 |
| Maryland | 2.81 | 3.20 | 0.144 | 3.79 | 4.25 | 0.331 | 6.43 | 6.44 | 0.982 | 2.07 | 2.52 | 0.154 |
| Massachusetts | 4.07 | 4.24 | 0.609 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 0.997 | 9.92 | 11.20 | 0.129 | 3.01 | 3.00 | 0.987 |
| Michigan | 3.82 | 3.77 | 0.774 | 4.73 | 4.41 | 0.345 | 9.06 | 8.53 | 0.254 | 2.81 | 2.87 | 0.808 |
| Minnesota | 2.81 | 2.84 | 0.901 | 3.69 | 3.60 | 0.846 | 7.60 | 7.09 | 0.483 | 1.88 | 2.01 | 0.611 |
| Mississippi | 3.14 | 3.38 | 0.344 | 4.85 | 5.47 | 0.219 | 7.11 | 7.62 | 0.441 | 2.18 | 2.30 | 0.664 |
| Missouri | 3.12 | 2.99 | 0.553 | 4.04 | 4.15 | 0.805 | 8.21 | 7.46 | 0.327 | 2.16 | 2.09 | 0.765 |
| Montana | 3.46 | 3.15 | 0.209 | 4.57 | 4.59 | 0.973 | 8.73 | 7.68 | 0.162 | 2.45 | 2.19 | 0.381 |
| Nebraska | 2.83 | 2.98 | 0.478 | 4.35 | 4.07 | 0.571 | 6.35 | 6.51 | 0.812 | 1.96 | 2.16 | 0.421 |
| Nevada | 4.82 | 4.70 | 0.772 | 5.53 | 5.10 | 0.534 | 10.47 | 10.40 | 0.951 | 3.89 | 3.78 | 0.813 |
| New Hampshire | 4.20 | 4.65 | 0.175 | 4.55 | 4.39 | 0.773 | 11.48 | 12.60 | 0.233 | 3.05 | 3.42 | 0.354 |
| New Jersey | 2.78a | 3.33 | 0.039 | 3.61 | 3.56 | 0.917 | 7.76 | 8.26 | 0.519 | 1.91a | 2.54 | 0.049 |
| New Mexico | 3.78 | 4.00 | 0.463 | 5.39 | 5.48 | 0.889 | 7.70 | 8.74 | 0.191 | 2.85 | 2.94 | 0.800 |
| New York | 3.65 | 3.70 | 0.847 | 3.90 | 4.01 | 0.755 | 9.31b | 8.44 | 0.080 | 2.60 | 2.82 | 0.444 |
| North Carolina | 3.61 | 3.42 | 0.468 | 4.33 | 4.15 | 0.703 | 8.59 | 7.72 | 0.260 | 2.71 | 2.62 | 0.756 |
| North Dakota | 2.11 | 2.37 | 0.206 | 3.67 | 4.28 | 0.223 | 4.98 | 5.12 | 0.823 | 1.27 | 1.50 | 0.307 |
| Ohio | 3.21 | 3.48 | 0.147 | 4.30 | 4.64 | 0.309 | 8.42 | 8.70 | 0.527 | 2.22 | 2.48 | 0.241 |
| Oklahoma | 4.97 | 4.57 | 0.247 | 5.05 | 4.60 | 0.439 | 10.78 | 10.43 | 0.738 | 3.90 | 3.48 | 0.309 |
| Oregon | 4.89 | 4.38 | 0.178 | 5.37 | 5.52 | 0.803 | 10.39 | 9.95 | 0.627 | 3.98 | 3.35 | 0.168 |
| Pennsylvania | 3.16 | 3.21 | 0.737 | 4.40 | 4.07 | 0.339 | 7.68 | 7.99 | 0.540 | 2.27 | 2.33 | 0.760 |
| Rhode Island | 5.51b | 4.75 | 0.078 | 5.64 | 5.05 | 0.301 | 11.62 | 11.24 | 0.686 | 4.35 | 3.48 | 0.110 |
| South Carolina | 4.08 | 3.90 | 0.571 | 4.81 | 4.01 | 0.126 | 6.34 | 6.96 | 0.432 | 3.61 | 3.37 | 0.542 |
| South Dakota | 2.23 | 2.39 | 0.442 | 3.90 | 4.41 | 0.328 | 5.27 | 5.27 | 0.997 | 1.46 | 1.62 | 0.532 |
| Tennessee | 3.55 | 3.70 | 0.581 | 4.33 | 4.52 | 0.706 | 7.82 | 8.16 | 0.666 | 2.80 | 2.91 | 0.754 |
| Texas | 3.18 | 3.26 | 0.599 | 4.18 | 4.67 | 0.152 | 7.43 | 6.87 | 0.223 | 2.23 | 2.37 | 0.459 |
| Utah | 3.73 | 3.65 | 0.708 | 4.46 | 3.97 | 0.327 | 8.52 | 7.94 | 0.376 | 2.41 | 2.54 | 0.615 |
| Vermont | 3.90a | 4.57 | 0.026 | 4.14 | 4.10 | 0.939 | 12.01 | 12.73 | 0.496 | 2.55b | 3.21 | 0.060 |
| Virginia | 2.66a | 3.54 | 0.001 | 4.00 | 4.28 | 0.567 | 6.51a | 8.06 | 0.020 | 1.84a | 2.66 | 0.009 |
| Washington | 3.41a | 4.42 | 0.002 | 4.41 | 4.40 | 0.976 | 7.73a | 10.29 | 0.002 | 2.60a | 3.47 | 0.021 |
| West Virginia | 4.42 | 4.18 | 0.441 | 4.89 | 4.57 | 0.554 | 11.16 | 10.61 | 0.550 | 3.40 | 3.17 | 0.533 |
| Wisconsin | 3.39 | 3.71 | 0.225 | 4.66 | 4.87 | 0.698 | 8.90 | 9.68 | 0.372 | 2.30 | 2.53 | 0.454 |
| Wyoming | 2.75a | 3.27 | 0.043 | 4.49 | 4.98 | 0.342 | 6.82 | 7.41 | 0.401 | 1.82 | 2.31 | 0.105 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 2.01a | 1.85 | 0.004 | 1.11b | 0.98 | 0.069 | 5.46a | 5.00 | 0.002 | 1.53b | 1.41 | 0.067 |
| Northeast | 2.38 | 2.26 | 0.253 | 1.11b | 0.96 | 0.092 | 6.68 | 6.34 | 0.194 | 1.81 | 1.72 | 0.507 |
| Midwest | 1.82a | 1.54 | 0.001 | 1.06b | 0.93 | 0.098 | 5.12a | 4.27 | 0.000 | 1.34a | 1.14 | 0.047 |
| South | 1.81b | 1.66 | 0.068 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.182 | 4.64a | 4.25 | 0.035 | 1.44 | 1.32 | 0.231 |
| West | 2.21 | 2.10 | 0.401 | 1.35 | 1.20 | 0.234 | 6.08 | 5.80 | 0.366 | 1.62 | 1.55 | 0.628 |
| Alabama | 1.38 | 1.04 | 0.103 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.500 | 3.44b | 2.61 | 0.097 | 1.11 | 0.81 | 0.182 |
| Alaska | 2.99b | 2.31 | 0.063 | 1.45a | 0.88 | 0.003 | 7.38a | 5.90 | 0.032 | 2.39 | 1.81 | 0.221 |
| Arizona | 2.33 | 1.95 | 0.244 | 1.38 | 1.11 | 0.182 | 6.91 | 5.62 | 0.106 | 1.68 | 1.44 | 0.487 |
| Arkansas | 1.43 | 1.14 | 0.147 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.782 | 3.52 | 2.84 | 0.147 | 1.16 | 0.90 | 0.220 |
| California | 2.12 | 2.11 | 0.945 | 1.39 | 1.28 | 0.554 | 5.57 | 5.64 | 0.882 | 1.56 | 1.55 | 0.959 |
| Colorado | 3.28 | 3.06 | 0.580 | 1.37 | 1.15 | 0.307 | 8.94 | 8.44 | 0.578 | 2.56 | 2.36 | 0.644 |
| Connecticut | 2.05 | 1.69 | 0.189 | 1.26 | 1.04 | 0.258 | 6.25 | 5.13 | 0.105 | 1.49 | 1.21 | 0.366 |
| Delaware | 2.36a | 1.80 | 0.046 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.764 | 6.40a | 4.88 | 0.020 | 1.87 | 1.41 | 0.129 |
| District of Columbia | 3.76 | 3.13 | 0.227 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.431 | 5.14b | 4.26 | 0.087 | 3.76 | 3.13 | 0.357 |
| Florida | 1.80 | 1.85 | 0.794 | 1.05 | 0.88 | 0.165 | 4.70 | 5.05 | 0.383 | 1.46 | 1.47 | 0.936 |
| Georgia | 1.51 | 1.40 | 0.633 | 0.81 | 0.68 | 0.279 | 3.93 | 3.42 | 0.284 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 0.845 |
| Hawaii | 1.76 | 1.58 | 0.528 | 1.25 | 0.87 | 0.141 | 4.39 | 4.36 | 0.957 | 1.40 | 1.22 | 0.554 |
| Idaho | 1.31 | 1.07 | 0.205 | 1.24 | 1.03 | 0.292 | 4.52b | 3.55 | 0.088 | 0.75 | 0.63 | 0.499 |
| Illinois | 1.91 | 1.73 | 0.316 | 0.99 | 0.86 | 0.305 | 4.64 | 4.48 | 0.667 | 1.53 | 1.34 | 0.370 |
| Indiana | 1.66a | 1.16 | 0.015 | 1.09 | 0.90 | 0.233 | 4.97a | 3.37 | 0.003 | 1.18b | 0.82 | 0.084 |
| Iowa | 1.11 | 1.02 | 0.570 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 0.990 | 3.64 | 3.02 | 0.195 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.915 |
| Kansas | 1.52 | 1.58 | 0.796 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 0.810 | 4.97 | 4.56 | 0.505 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 0.528 |
| Kentucky | 1.36 | 1.26 | 0.601 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 0.892 | 4.37 | 3.71 | 0.238 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.841 |
| Louisiana | 2.34a | 1.65 | 0.012 | 0.84 | 0.72 | 0.308 | 4.77a | 3.68 | 0.028 | 2.08a | 1.39 | 0.032 |
| Maine | 2.30 | 1.99 | 0.225 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.662 | 7.67 | 6.94 | 0.334 | 1.69 | 1.39 | 0.261 |
| Maryland | 1.57 | 1.78 | 0.430 | 0.87 | 0.80 | 0.620 | 4.03 | 4.28 | 0.651 | 1.24 | 1.48 | 0.426 |
| Massachusetts | 2.45 | 2.97 | 0.112 | 1.18 | 0.99 | 0.292 | 7.16 | 8.12 | 0.193 | 1.76 | 2.28 | 0.146 |
| Michigan | 2.00a | 1.66 | 0.039 | 1.05 | 0.86 | 0.125 | 5.74a | 4.54 | 0.002 | 1.49 | 1.27 | 0.247 |
| Minnesota | 1.77a | 1.25 | 0.028 | 1.12 | 0.91 | 0.220 | 5.14a | 3.65 | 0.011 | 1.27 | 0.88 | 0.115 |
| Mississippi | 1.36 | 1.62 | 0.262 | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.868 | 3.15 | 3.40 | 0.571 | 1.14 | 1.43 | 0.265 |
| Missouri | 2.01 | 1.69 | 0.188 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.584 | 5.74a | 4.58 | 0.049 | 1.52 | 1.30 | 0.384 |
| Montana | 2.32b | 1.84 | 0.063 | 1.17 | 1.03 | 0.440 | 7.60a | 5.76 | 0.012 | 1.58 | 1.25 | 0.210 |
| Nebraska | 1.57 | 1.39 | 0.403 | 1.10 | 1.02 | 0.629 | 4.61 | 3.89 | 0.204 | 1.06 | 0.96 | 0.644 |
| Nevada | 2.34 | 2.41 | 0.840 | 1.50b | 1.06 | 0.056 | 6.72 | 6.59 | 0.863 | 1.79 | 1.93 | 0.709 |
| New Hampshire | 2.75 | 2.73 | 0.951 | 1.23 | 1.08 | 0.422 | 8.97 | 8.63 | 0.693 | 1.98 | 1.98 | 0.989 |
| New Jersey | 1.73 | 2.21 | 0.109 | 1.04 | 0.93 | 0.530 | 4.93 | 5.99 | 0.108 | 1.33 | 1.79 | 0.166 |
| New Mexico | 2.17 | 2.42 | 0.399 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 0.985 | 6.55 | 6.75 | 0.798 | 1.47 | 1.77 | 0.353 |
| New York | 2.66a | 2.25 | 0.040 | 1.09 | 0.97 | 0.387 | 7.31b | 6.42 | 0.054 | 2.02 | 1.67 | 0.139 |
| North Carolina | 2.10 | 1.82 | 0.322 | 0.93 | 0.83 | 0.487 | 4.90 | 4.37 | 0.337 | 1.79 | 1.51 | 0.384 |
| North Dakota | 1.22 | 0.97 | 0.146 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 0.792 | 3.78a | 2.69 | 0.024 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 0.544 |
| Ohio | 1.49 | 1.48 | 0.975 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.637 | 4.51 | 4.12 | 0.245 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 0.697 |
| Oklahoma | 1.50 | 1.37 | 0.489 | 1.14 | 1.05 | 0.571 | 4.70 | 4.02 | 0.208 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.801 |
| Oregon | 2.63a | 1.95 | 0.021 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 0.980 | 8.04a | 6.25 | 0.034 | 1.95a | 1.34 | 0.041 |
| Pennsylvania | 2.27 | 1.96 | 0.105 | 1.08 | 0.88 | 0.119 | 5.86 | 5.17 | 0.113 | 1.82 | 1.55 | 0.226 |
| Rhode Island | 3.89a | 2.90 | 0.017 | 1.28 | 1.07 | 0.276 | 9.39a | 7.41 | 0.022 | 3.17b | 2.26 | 0.052 |
| South Carolina | 2.75b | 2.11 | 0.051 | 0.83 | 0.68 | 0.190 | 4.97 | 4.14 | 0.110 | 2.62b | 1.95 | 0.076 |
| South Dakota | 1.17 | 1.14 | 0.849 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.668 | 3.91 | 3.27 | 0.229 | 0.71 | 0.78 | 0.712 |
| Tennessee | 1.57 | 1.22 | 0.162 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.881 | 4.31a | 2.99 | 0.026 | 1.23 | 0.98 | 0.355 |
| Texas | 1.89 | 1.76 | 0.436 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 0.812 | 5.09 | 4.70 | 0.336 | 1.40 | 1.30 | 0.604 |
| Utah | 1.43 | 1.31 | 0.562 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 0.694 | 4.14 | 3.43 | 0.170 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.879 |
| Vermont | 3.01 | 3.05 | 0.908 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 0.983 | 10.17 | 9.96 | 0.825 | 2.05 | 2.06 | 0.967 |
| Virginia | 1.75 | 1.84 | 0.738 | 1.02 | 0.85 | 0.262 | 4.95 | 4.99 | 0.948 | 1.30 | 1.42 | 0.691 |
| Washington | 2.08 | 2.10 | 0.927 | 1.20 | 1.05 | 0.447 | 6.24 | 6.31 | 0.931 | 1.51 | 1.54 | 0.932 |
| West Virginia | 2.51a | 1.86 | 0.014 | 1.05 | 0.95 | 0.528 | 7.65a | 5.86 | 0.011 | 1.93a | 1.36 | 0.036 |
| Wisconsin | 2.71a | 2.01 | 0.036 | 1.19 | 1.00 | 0.338 | 7.27b | 5.93 | 0.094 | 2.13b | 1.45 | 0.056 |
| Wyoming | 1.46 | 1.39 | 0.728 | 1.13 | 0.99 | 0.360 | 5.25 | 4.50 | 0.151 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.886 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 4.86 | 4.89 | 0.755 | 6.55 | 6.43 | 0.482 | 12.00a | 11.54 | 0.026 | 3.41 | 3.53 | 0.231 |
| Northeast | 4.45 | 4.50 | 0.712 | 5.43 | 5.41 | 0.952 | 12.24 | 11.99 | 0.454 | 3.02 | 3.13 | 0.469 |
| Midwest | 4.84 | 4.80 | 0.776 | 6.76 | 6.58 | 0.393 | 12.21 | 11.99 | 0.436 | 3.32 | 3.33 | 0.932 |
| South | 4.80 | 4.77 | 0.812 | 6.52 | 6.48 | 0.822 | 11.94a | 11.28 | 0.014 | 3.37 | 3.44 | 0.653 |
| West | 5.30 | 5.45 | 0.383 | 7.21 | 6.98 | 0.459 | 11.73 | 11.17 | 0.128 | 3.87 | 4.21 | 0.121 |
| Alabama | 5.10 | 4.62 | 0.125 | 7.54 | 7.29 | 0.711 | 12.98b | 11.08 | 0.053 | 3.45 | 3.18 | 0.464 |
| Alaska | 5.26 | 5.41 | 0.651 | 7.16 | 6.71 | 0.587 | 11.62 | 11.36 | 0.770 | 3.78 | 4.05 | 0.510 |
| Arizona | 5.98 | 6.31 | 0.457 | 7.47 | 7.58 | 0.889 | 13.72 | 12.68 | 0.300 | 4.47 | 5.07 | 0.272 |
| Arkansas | 5.10 | 5.51 | 0.238 | 7.68 | 7.48 | 0.784 | 12.36 | 12.39 | 0.976 | 3.59 | 4.13 | 0.199 |
| California | 4.76 | 4.95 | 0.447 | 6.77 | 6.61 | 0.718 | 10.19 | 9.68 | 0.362 | 3.44 | 3.82 | 0.202 |
| Colorado | 5.67 | 6.23 | 0.153 | 7.34 | 7.23 | 0.883 | 13.63 | 13.51 | 0.905 | 4.14 | 4.86 | 0.121 |
| Connecticut | 3.78 | 4.12 | 0.229 | 5.04 | 5.00 | 0.941 | 10.56 | 11.08 | 0.545 | 2.55 | 2.88 | 0.327 |
| Delaware | 5.56 | 5.56 | 0.994 | 6.40 | 6.19 | 0.715 | 13.52 | 13.70 | 0.860 | 4.14 | 4.14 | 0.982 |
| District of Columbia | 3.65b | 4.29 | 0.053 | 4.38 | 4.67 | 0.564 | 7.82 | 8.23 | 0.557 | 2.65b | 3.39 | 0.077 |
| Florida | 4.14 | 4.37 | 0.284 | 5.96 | 6.00 | 0.928 | 10.40 | 9.76 | 0.241 | 3.01 | 3.38 | 0.147 |
| Georgia | 4.64 | 4.27 | 0.175 | 6.29 | 6.04 | 0.656 | 11.89b | 10.47 | 0.095 | 3.18 | 2.95 | 0.477 |
| Hawaii | 5.08a | 4.22 | 0.035 | 6.01 | 5.35 | 0.390 | 11.28a | 9.25 | 0.020 | 3.98 | 3.30 | 0.176 |
| Idaho | 5.84 | 6.09 | 0.497 | 7.94 | 7.52 | 0.586 | 12.86 | 13.20 | 0.737 | 4.31 | 4.59 | 0.528 |
| Illinois | 4.12 | 3.94 | 0.342 | 5.70 | 5.47 | 0.543 | 9.67 | 10.04 | 0.469 | 2.90 | 2.64 | 0.235 |
| Indiana | 5.67 | 5.73 | 0.876 | 8.10 | 7.57 | 0.434 | 13.86 | 14.75 | 0.416 | 3.97 | 3.93 | 0.916 |
| Iowa | 3.62 | 3.69 | 0.773 | 5.85 | 6.41 | 0.413 | 9.25 | 9.10 | 0.855 | 2.35 | 2.39 | 0.891 |
| Kansas | 5.00 | 4.71 | 0.267 | 7.60 | 6.81 | 0.216 | 11.49 | 11.15 | 0.703 | 3.44 | 3.20 | 0.452 |
| Kentucky | 6.00b | 5.36 | 0.064 | 7.62 | 7.54 | 0.911 | 15.60b | 13.67 | 0.076 | 4.30 | 3.78 | 0.186 |
| Louisiana | 5.27 | 5.67 | 0.217 | 6.21 | 6.39 | 0.779 | 13.68 | 13.93 | 0.795 | 3.52 | 4.00 | 0.229 |
| Maine | 4.68 | 4.51 | 0.542 | 6.32 | 6.01 | 0.635 | 13.62 | 13.81 | 0.840 | 3.27 | 3.03 | 0.468 |
| Maryland | 3.98 | 4.23 | 0.381 | 5.47 | 5.80 | 0.532 | 10.32 | 10.17 | 0.851 | 2.72 | 3.03 | 0.354 |
| Massachusetts | 5.31 | 5.07 | 0.438 | 5.47 | 5.61 | 0.814 | 14.18 | 13.12 | 0.244 | 3.71 | 3.58 | 0.716 |
| Michigan | 5.71 | 5.53 | 0.468 | 7.44a | 6.40 | 0.022 | 13.90 | 13.41 | 0.401 | 4.09 | 4.06 | 0.938 |
| Minnesota | 4.39 | 4.09 | 0.299 | 6.08 | 5.73 | 0.560 | 11.64 | 10.79 | 0.361 | 2.94 | 2.74 | 0.548 |
| Mississippi | 4.66 | 5.10 | 0.170 | 7.65 | 8.52 | 0.193 | 10.99 | 11.06 | 0.934 | 3.08 | 3.51 | 0.268 |
| Missouri | 4.38a | 5.13 | 0.006 | 6.15 | 6.77 | 0.336 | 12.32 | 13.22 | 0.327 | 2.85a | 3.57 | 0.026 |
| Montana | 5.29 | 5.07 | 0.512 | 7.17 | 7.09 | 0.906 | 14.15b | 12.31 | 0.061 | 3.59 | 3.58 | 0.990 |
| Nebraska | 3.57 | 3.91 | 0.207 | 5.69 | 5.61 | 0.883 | 9.37 | 9.38 | 0.989 | 2.19 | 2.64 | 0.171 |
| Nevada | 5.82 | 5.96 | 0.747 | 8.26 | 7.74 | 0.555 | 14.20 | 13.22 | 0.340 | 4.27 | 4.62 | 0.482 |
| New Hampshire | 5.95b | 5.38 | 0.094 | 7.03 | 6.20 | 0.235 | 16.79b | 14.90 | 0.070 | 4.16 | 3.78 | 0.332 |
| New Jersey | 3.75 | 4.15 | 0.129 | 4.58 | 4.95 | 0.477 | 11.64 | 11.97 | 0.705 | 2.43 | 2.85 | 0.182 |
| New Mexico | 5.64 | 5.78 | 0.719 | 8.42 | 8.29 | 0.887 | 11.43 | 11.17 | 0.761 | 4.20 | 4.47 | 0.592 |
| New York | 4.37 | 4.45 | 0.701 | 5.22 | 5.26 | 0.909 | 12.09 | 11.55 | 0.351 | 2.87 | 3.09 | 0.372 |
| North Carolina | 4.99 | 4.54 | 0.121 | 7.14 | 6.89 | 0.696 | 12.39a | 10.58 | 0.041 | 3.53 | 3.25 | 0.415 |
| North Dakota | 3.91 | 4.11 | 0.480 | 6.21 | 6.66 | 0.505 | 9.38 | 9.05 | 0.681 | 2.40 | 2.66 | 0.439 |
| Ohio | 5.47 | 5.48 | 0.981 | 7.37 | 7.62 | 0.551 | 14.62b | 13.59 | 0.094 | 3.73 | 3.89 | 0.585 |
| Oklahoma | 8.14a | 7.01 | 0.022 | 9.32 | 7.94 | 0.110 | 17.94b | 15.65 | 0.058 | 6.20 | 5.30 | 0.134 |
| Oregon | 6.80 | 6.68 | 0.800 | 8.76 | 7.86 | 0.233 | 15.50 | 14.71 | 0.466 | 5.23 | 5.26 | 0.956 |
| Pennsylvania | 4.48 | 4.40 | 0.735 | 6.07 | 5.75 | 0.427 | 11.24 | 11.55 | 0.605 | 3.17 | 3.07 | 0.677 |
| Rhode Island | 6.11 | 5.93 | 0.629 | 6.56 | 6.29 | 0.664 | 15.97 | 14.64 | 0.208 | 4.20 | 4.24 | 0.926 |
| South Carolina | 4.71 | 5.06 | 0.239 | 6.96 | 6.06 | 0.127 | 11.23 | 12.30 | 0.219 | 3.37 | 3.74 | 0.295 |
| South Dakota | 3.82 | 3.64 | 0.499 | 5.88 | 6.08 | 0.762 | 9.77 | 8.48 | 0.107 | 2.49 | 2.45 | 0.916 |
| Tennessee | 4.87 | 4.44 | 0.136 | 6.63 | 6.19 | 0.468 | 12.70 | 11.90 | 0.438 | 3.46 | 3.05 | 0.242 |
| Texas | 4.57 | 4.62 | 0.832 | 5.80 | 6.10 | 0.449 | 11.27 | 10.60 | 0.239 | 3.13 | 3.26 | 0.624 |
| Utah | 5.34 | 4.92 | 0.128 | 6.82 | 6.57 | 0.738 | 12.07a | 10.31 | 0.034 | 3.41 | 3.31 | 0.762 |
| Vermont | 4.61 | 4.85 | 0.442 | 5.81 | 6.00 | 0.768 | 13.65 | 13.34 | 0.768 | 2.99 | 3.26 | 0.465 |
| Virginia | 4.62 | 5.13 | 0.108 | 6.93 | 6.97 | 0.949 | 11.14 | 12.48 | 0.128 | 3.22 | 3.62 | 0.287 |
| Washington | 6.11 | 6.20 | 0.813 | 8.06 | 7.48 | 0.400 | 14.48 | 14.44 | 0.968 | 4.53 | 4.70 | 0.702 |
| West Virginia | 5.92 | 5.61 | 0.353 | 7.51 | 7.25 | 0.706 | 15.54 | 14.39 | 0.264 | 4.37 | 4.11 | 0.534 |
| Wisconsin | 4.78 | 4.56 | 0.472 | 6.99 | 7.12 | 0.848 | 12.87 | 11.64 | 0.219 | 3.14 | 3.01 | 0.714 |
| Wyoming | 3.89a | 4.56 | 0.022 | 6.77 | 7.05 | 0.707 | 9.94 | 10.61 | 0.455 | 2.46a | 3.15 | 0.044 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 51.74 | 51.84 | 0.704 | 14.79a | 14.23 | 0.014 | 61.45 | 61.59 | 0.679 | 54.80 | 54.88 | 0.830 |
| Northeast | 56.57 | 57.12 | 0.356 | 16.68 | 16.17 | 0.212 | 67.33 | 67.64 | 0.719 | 59.59 | 60.19 | 0.386 |
| Midwest | 54.26 | 54.66 | 0.437 | 15.24a | 14.20 | 0.000 | 65.07 | 64.95 | 0.874 | 57.42 | 57.98 | 0.358 |
| South | 47.74 | 47.78 | 0.944 | 13.75 | 13.40 | 0.231 | 57.62 | 57.73 | 0.882 | 50.43 | 50.41 | 0.970 |
| West | 51.78 | 51.40 | 0.553 | 14.56 | 14.12 | 0.295 | 59.40 | 59.80 | 0.655 | 55.40 | 54.77 | 0.417 |
| Alabama | 42.94 | 43.09 | 0.903 | 12.70 | 12.12 | 0.516 | 54.41 | 52.31 | 0.231 | 44.84 | 45.39 | 0.732 |
| Alaska | 54.52 | 52.81 | 0.197 | 14.22 | 13.67 | 0.584 | 60.50 | 59.18 | 0.470 | 59.37 | 57.10 | 0.185 |
| Arizona | 51.15a | 48.13 | 0.025 | 14.80 | 13.61 | 0.265 | 59.35a | 55.58 | 0.031 | 54.60b | 51.36 | 0.057 |
| Arkansas | 43.29 | 41.23 | 0.126 | 15.34 | 14.26 | 0.288 | 55.94 | 54.67 | 0.467 | 44.80 | 42.43 | 0.163 |
| California | 50.65 | 50.34 | 0.728 | 14.11 | 13.99 | 0.860 | 59.79 | 60.99 | 0.300 | 53.99 | 53.27 | 0.513 |
| Colorado | 62.22 | 62.68 | 0.705 | 20.22a | 17.66 | 0.040 | 69.51 | 69.60 | 0.956 | 66.11 | 66.87 | 0.618 |
| Connecticut | 59.32 | 59.38 | 0.963 | 18.56 | 17.75 | 0.482 | 67.86 | 68.76 | 0.589 | 63.08 | 62.98 | 0.950 |
| Delaware | 56.32 | 56.60 | 0.829 | 16.35 | 16.14 | 0.837 | 68.53 | 66.70 | 0.253 | 59.18 | 59.73 | 0.735 |
| District of Columbia | 61.55 | 61.58 | 0.984 | 15.63 | 14.09 | 0.179 | 71.82 | 71.99 | 0.909 | 63.53 | 63.51 | 0.987 |
| Florida | 51.41 | 50.70 | 0.422 | 15.30 | 14.36 | 0.160 | 56.91 | 56.80 | 0.926 | 54.58 | 53.73 | 0.427 |
| Georgia | 48.89 | 48.05 | 0.526 | 13.56 | 14.20 | 0.478 | 58.18 | 57.92 | 0.884 | 52.19 | 50.94 | 0.464 |
| Hawaii | 48.23 | 47.89 | 0.808 | 11.64 | 12.92 | 0.225 | 57.21 | 59.80 | 0.162 | 50.95 | 49.83 | 0.524 |
| Idaho | 45.71 | 47.46 | 0.163 | 12.91 | 13.15 | 0.793 | 52.50 | 54.67 | 0.234 | 49.19 | 50.98 | 0.269 |
| Illinois | 54.33 | 54.21 | 0.881 | 15.16a | 13.75 | 0.026 | 64.88b | 66.68 | 0.099 | 57.60 | 57.23 | 0.715 |
| Indiana | 48.06 | 49.42 | 0.286 | 14.41b | 12.70 | 0.057 | 57.94 | 60.22 | 0.198 | 50.82 | 52.31 | 0.354 |
| Iowa | 56.70 | 56.27 | 0.744 | 17.34 | 17.30 | 0.971 | 69.06 | 68.25 | 0.617 | 59.43 | 58.85 | 0.728 |
| Kansas | 53.92 | 55.54 | 0.218 | 15.93 | 15.69 | 0.810 | 66.34b | 63.16 | 0.065 | 56.66 | 59.31 | 0.114 |
| Kentucky | 38.74 | 39.06 | 0.811 | 12.21 | 13.02 | 0.415 | 50.64 | 49.56 | 0.561 | 40.10 | 40.49 | 0.812 |
| Louisiana | 48.24 | 46.83 | 0.268 | 15.26 | 15.07 | 0.852 | 61.67 | 59.37 | 0.188 | 50.16 | 48.66 | 0.356 |
| Maine | 55.07 | 56.20 | 0.404 | 14.57 | 13.73 | 0.399 | 65.34 | 65.13 | 0.903 | 58.08 | 59.47 | 0.403 |
| Maryland | 54.24b | 51.89 | 0.071 | 14.02 | 12.81 | 0.183 | 61.74 | 59.09 | 0.143 | 58.09 | 55.51 | 0.119 |
| Massachusetts | 61.54b | 63.62 | 0.074 | 16.89 | 15.58 | 0.218 | 72.39 | 74.33 | 0.199 | 64.83 | 67.23 | 0.103 |
| Michigan | 54.65 | 54.73 | 0.925 | 14.56a | 13.35 | 0.047 | 63.73 | 62.62 | 0.322 | 58.39 | 58.70 | 0.760 |
| Minnesota | 60.95 | 58.87 | 0.118 | 14.70 | 13.16 | 0.117 | 68.13 | 66.69 | 0.345 | 65.51 | 63.09 | 0.149 |
| Mississippi | 40.39 | 41.05 | 0.610 | 12.70 | 12.39 | 0.720 | 52.99 | 52.93 | 0.971 | 41.96 | 42.80 | 0.611 |
| Missouri | 50.15 | 50.71 | 0.663 | 13.92 | 15.16 | 0.212 | 61.01 | 60.50 | 0.763 | 52.95 | 53.50 | 0.741 |
| Montana | 59.07 | 58.05 | 0.447 | 21.39a | 19.15 | 0.047 | 69.07b | 65.92 | 0.053 | 61.95 | 61.19 | 0.650 |
| Nebraska | 53.59 | 51.86 | 0.191 | 13.81 | 13.66 | 0.878 | 64.98 | 63.37 | 0.365 | 56.67 | 54.55 | 0.212 |
| Nevada | 54.47 | 54.57 | 0.942 | 15.29 | 14.47 | 0.449 | 60.32 | 58.45 | 0.302 | 58.63 | 59.05 | 0.815 |
| New Hampshire | 63.98 | 63.77 | 0.870 | 17.83 | 17.64 | 0.882 | 74.97 | 74.09 | 0.572 | 67.91 | 67.52 | 0.800 |
| New Jersey | 54.18 | 55.69 | 0.294 | 15.17 | 15.27 | 0.922 | 64.96 | 64.60 | 0.833 | 57.37 | 59.27 | 0.290 |
| New Mexico | 47.59 | 45.75 | 0.152 | 15.62 | 14.49 | 0.266 | 57.11 | 56.25 | 0.606 | 50.05 | 47.87 | 0.188 |
| New York | 55.72 | 55.58 | 0.871 | 16.83 | 16.75 | 0.908 | 66.32 | 66.60 | 0.814 | 58.57 | 58.28 | 0.783 |
| North Carolina | 47.45 | 48.98 | 0.218 | 12.83 | 12.26 | 0.541 | 58.35 | 59.20 | 0.620 | 49.98 | 51.76 | 0.260 |
| North Dakota | 57.80 | 59.91 | 0.105 | 18.98a | 16.58 | 0.024 | 71.80 | 70.28 | 0.317 | 59.46b | 62.64 | 0.065 |
| Ohio | 51.67 | 52.73 | 0.200 | 14.99a | 13.78 | 0.039 | 65.37 | 65.40 | 0.980 | 54.08 | 55.51 | 0.167 |
| Oklahoma | 45.62 | 47.16 | 0.260 | 13.86 | 14.72 | 0.431 | 59.12 | 60.82 | 0.359 | 47.31 | 48.82 | 0.384 |
| Oregon | 59.77 | 61.02 | 0.333 | 17.75 | 17.31 | 0.667 | 66.69 | 67.14 | 0.785 | 63.58 | 65.03 | 0.371 |
| Pennsylvania | 55.06 | 55.23 | 0.849 | 16.73 | 15.78 | 0.157 | 66.31 | 66.28 | 0.979 | 57.81 | 58.01 | 0.859 |
| Rhode Island | 59.91 | 61.05 | 0.390 | 18.29b | 16.00 | 0.056 | 71.17 | 70.13 | 0.536 | 62.78 | 64.59 | 0.279 |
| South Carolina | 45.89 | 46.00 | 0.933 | 12.45 | 12.21 | 0.781 | 53.32 | 55.21 | 0.295 | 48.82 | 48.57 | 0.879 |
| South Dakota | 57.81 | 57.83 | 0.986 | 15.85 | 15.52 | 0.768 | 70.66 | 69.92 | 0.659 | 60.93 | 60.90 | 0.987 |
| Tennessee | 41.06 | 40.39 | 0.607 | 11.39 | 11.28 | 0.905 | 53.40 | 51.37 | 0.260 | 42.77 | 42.14 | 0.695 |
| Texas | 48.42 | 49.15 | 0.396 | 14.09 | 13.35 | 0.257 | 58.49 | 59.23 | 0.528 | 51.52 | 52.38 | 0.422 |
| Utah | 28.11 | 26.42 | 0.227 | 6.73 | 7.58 | 0.405 | 32.09 | 32.45 | 0.852 | 30.72 | 28.08 | 0.162 |
| Vermont | 60.28 | 61.68 | 0.326 | 18.40 | 17.44 | 0.400 | 73.56 | 72.67 | 0.571 | 62.87 | 64.59 | 0.339 |
| Virginia | 50.79 | 52.00 | 0.362 | 13.10 | 13.51 | 0.648 | 60.21a | 64.47 | 0.011 | 53.83 | 54.46 | 0.708 |
| Washington | 56.13 | 56.89 | 0.548 | 14.03 | 13.61 | 0.660 | 60.77 | 61.60 | 0.636 | 60.54 | 61.28 | 0.635 |
| West Virginia | 38.17 | 40.26 | 0.133 | 13.23 | 14.46 | 0.233 | 53.45 | 53.94 | 0.788 | 38.66 | 40.94 | 0.181 |
| Wisconsin | 61.78b | 64.11 | 0.064 | 18.62b | 16.78 | 0.089 | 71.81 | 70.45 | 0.401 | 65.42a | 68.75 | 0.034 |
| Wyoming | 54.21 | 52.91 | 0.346 | 17.06 | 16.70 | 0.736 | 62.33b | 59.33 | 0.083 | 57.41 | 56.13 | 0.461 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 23.53 | 23.39 | 0.491 | 8.88a | 8.38 | 0.004 | 41.52 | 41.15 | 0.297 | 22.31 | 22.19 | 0.636 |
| Northeast | 24.82 | 24.83 | 0.970 | 10.08b | 9.40 | 0.051 | 45.49 | 45.23 | 0.671 | 23.11 | 23.22 | 0.829 |
| Midwest | 25.89 | 25.54 | 0.250 | 9.44a | 8.71 | 0.005 | 46.00a | 44.88 | 0.021 | 24.55 | 24.29 | 0.512 |
| South | 22.12b | 21.58 | 0.063 | 8.01a | 7.54 | 0.037 | 37.95 | 37.65 | 0.535 | 21.25b | 20.59 | 0.073 |
| West | 22.51 | 23.08 | 0.123 | 8.83 | 8.61 | 0.534 | 39.74 | 39.95 | 0.738 | 21.22 | 21.91 | 0.143 |
| Alabama | 20.48 | 20.82 | 0.704 | 7.43 | 6.88 | 0.410 | 35.46b | 32.78 | 0.071 | 19.60 | 20.52 | 0.420 |
| Alaska | 24.28 | 24.69 | 0.649 | 9.73 | 9.08 | 0.484 | 40.20 | 40.80 | 0.729 | 23.44 | 23.73 | 0.802 |
| Arizona | 23.16 | 23.62 | 0.651 | 8.77 | 8.72 | 0.955 | 41.26 | 38.71 | 0.131 | 22.00 | 23.01 | 0.427 |
| Arkansas | 20.51b | 18.94 | 0.064 | 9.08 | 7.83 | 0.115 | 38.29a | 34.33 | 0.011 | 19.07 | 17.81 | 0.233 |
| California | 22.17 | 22.83 | 0.252 | 8.57 | 8.57 | 0.991 | 39.02 | 39.89 | 0.371 | 20.83 | 21.54 | 0.349 |
| Colorado | 26.30 | 26.21 | 0.925 | 10.89 | 9.64 | 0.123 | 47.39 | 46.39 | 0.535 | 24.66 | 24.72 | 0.959 |
| Connecticut | 27.05 | 26.35 | 0.507 | 13.31b | 11.19 | 0.051 | 46.92 | 48.82 | 0.266 | 25.62 | 24.56 | 0.420 |
| Delaware | 26.18b | 24.30 | 0.069 | 9.55 | 9.24 | 0.781 | 48.18b | 45.48 | 0.085 | 24.55 | 22.59 | 0.129 |
| District of Columbia | 29.67 | 29.52 | 0.890 | 7.35 | 6.92 | 0.677 | 46.47 | 46.74 | 0.875 | 27.97 | 27.72 | 0.855 |
| Florida | 21.93a | 20.68 | 0.031 | 8.18 | 7.64 | 0.280 | 37.40b | 35.63 | 0.063 | 21.16b | 19.85 | 0.069 |
| Georgia | 21.42 | 20.14 | 0.148 | 7.00 | 7.25 | 0.702 | 36.41 | 37.10 | 0.663 | 20.85b | 18.94 | 0.084 |
| Hawaii | 22.84 | 23.72 | 0.415 | 7.06 | 8.29 | 0.151 | 39.02 | 40.81 | 0.307 | 22.05 | 22.70 | 0.621 |
| Idaho | 20.10a | 21.89 | 0.043 | 8.55 | 8.08 | 0.530 | 35.72 | 37.30 | 0.289 | 19.00b | 21.03 | 0.073 |
| Illinois | 26.39 | 26.01 | 0.534 | 9.70b | 8.73 | 0.068 | 46.34 | 46.63 | 0.768 | 24.98 | 24.54 | 0.569 |
| Indiana | 22.96 | 22.55 | 0.653 | 9.32a | 7.87 | 0.039 | 40.93 | 40.75 | 0.907 | 21.72 | 21.31 | 0.717 |
| Iowa | 28.65 | 27.47 | 0.243 | 11.15 | 10.65 | 0.585 | 50.33 | 48.97 | 0.405 | 27.00 | 25.64 | 0.278 |
| Kansas | 25.12 | 25.79 | 0.489 | 9.48 | 9.34 | 0.874 | 45.58 | 42.85 | 0.101 | 23.39 | 24.68 | 0.287 |
| Kentucky | 20.29 | 21.61 | 0.156 | 8.09 | 8.19 | 0.898 | 37.80 | 39.04 | 0.418 | 19.02 | 20.43 | 0.228 |
| Louisiana | 23.63 | 23.01 | 0.500 | 8.09 | 7.39 | 0.301 | 38.44 | 38.18 | 0.864 | 22.90 | 22.20 | 0.543 |
| Maine | 22.12 | 22.99 | 0.368 | 7.86 | 8.34 | 0.533 | 45.31 | 46.14 | 0.625 | 20.46 | 21.27 | 0.486 |
| Maryland | 21.67b | 20.17 | 0.092 | 8.53 | 7.74 | 0.298 | 38.41 | 36.12 | 0.168 | 20.51 | 19.01 | 0.179 |
| Massachusetts | 25.00 | 25.57 | 0.552 | 10.32 | 9.40 | 0.272 | 46.97 | 48.63 | 0.320 | 22.81 | 23.33 | 0.660 |
| Michigan | 25.35b | 26.41 | 0.081 | 8.48 | 7.99 | 0.281 | 43.14 | 43.17 | 0.975 | 24.55b | 25.90 | 0.076 |
| Minnesota | 26.89 | 25.85 | 0.313 | 8.16 | 7.92 | 0.751 | 47.24 | 45.56 | 0.324 | 25.77 | 24.65 | 0.380 |
| Mississippi | 20.30 | 20.14 | 0.855 | 7.23 | 6.78 | 0.512 | 33.51 | 33.02 | 0.729 | 19.70 | 19.58 | 0.915 |
| Missouri | 24.18 | 23.95 | 0.812 | 8.85 | 9.55 | 0.398 | 42.54b | 39.61 | 0.058 | 23.10 | 23.11 | 0.992 |
| Montana | 26.92 | 28.02 | 0.286 | 13.70 | 12.67 | 0.296 | 50.63 | 50.04 | 0.738 | 24.56 | 25.97 | 0.275 |
| Nebraska | 25.80 | 24.76 | 0.300 | 8.63 | 8.77 | 0.864 | 46.71 | 46.14 | 0.727 | 24.10 | 22.69 | 0.260 |
| Nevada | 26.23 | 26.64 | 0.712 | 9.29 | 8.33 | 0.309 | 43.36 | 41.92 | 0.399 | 25.87 | 26.61 | 0.584 |
| New Hampshire | 25.36 | 24.01 | 0.202 | 11.18 | 10.27 | 0.366 | 51.34b | 48.29 | 0.064 | 23.12 | 21.78 | 0.302 |
| New Jersey | 24.37 | 25.38 | 0.337 | 9.24 | 8.80 | 0.588 | 44.26 | 45.84 | 0.332 | 23.19 | 24.25 | 0.410 |
| New Mexico | 22.85 | 22.33 | 0.563 | 10.27 | 9.23 | 0.230 | 38.24 | 37.43 | 0.608 | 21.67 | 21.26 | 0.713 |
| New York | 24.07 | 24.01 | 0.921 | 10.07 | 9.60 | 0.409 | 43.68 | 42.22 | 0.116 | 22.26 | 22.51 | 0.761 |
| North Carolina | 20.81 | 20.66 | 0.865 | 7.42 | 6.89 | 0.441 | 36.97 | 37.27 | 0.850 | 19.86 | 19.58 | 0.794 |
| North Dakota | 29.83 | 29.80 | 0.976 | 12.55a | 10.36 | 0.033 | 53.56 | 51.26 | 0.138 | 26.65 | 27.11 | 0.726 |
| Ohio | 25.31a | 23.60 | 0.006 | 9.73a | 8.29 | 0.005 | 47.00a | 44.78 | 0.011 | 23.73a | 22.05 | 0.030 |
| Oklahoma | 22.25 | 21.65 | 0.509 | 9.50 | 8.80 | 0.399 | 38.91 | 39.13 | 0.896 | 20.88 | 20.08 | 0.479 |
| Oregon | 24.02b | 22.40 | 0.090 | 9.99a | 8.54 | 0.045 | 46.17a | 42.62 | 0.023 | 22.23 | 20.74 | 0.212 |
| Pennsylvania | 25.53 | 24.99 | 0.413 | 9.72 | 9.04 | 0.240 | 46.94 | 46.13 | 0.433 | 23.91 | 23.37 | 0.506 |
| Rhode Island | 27.17 | 26.41 | 0.480 | 9.53 | 8.98 | 0.533 | 48.24 | 45.81 | 0.163 | 25.32 | 24.77 | 0.686 |
| South Carolina | 21.78 | 22.20 | 0.641 | 6.41 | 6.12 | 0.655 | 35.82 | 36.06 | 0.875 | 21.38 | 21.85 | 0.677 |
| South Dakota | 29.60b | 27.68 | 0.059 | 9.58 | 9.45 | 0.897 | 52.19 | 49.52 | 0.119 | 28.12b | 25.96 | 0.095 |
| Tennessee | 18.75 | 17.57 | 0.224 | 7.19 | 6.67 | 0.469 | 33.46 | 31.85 | 0.269 | 17.90 | 16.63 | 0.288 |
| Texas | 24.23 | 23.98 | 0.670 | 8.49 | 7.79 | 0.141 | 38.98 | 39.55 | 0.539 | 23.74 | 23.34 | 0.603 |
| Utah | 14.04 | 13.23 | 0.338 | 5.53 | 5.66 | 0.879 | 23.75 | 23.58 | 0.913 | 13.05 | 11.95 | 0.328 |
| Vermont | 26.08 | 26.42 | 0.746 | 10.88 | 9.97 | 0.333 | 51.99 | 51.28 | 0.665 | 23.58 | 23.92 | 0.792 |
| Virginia | 23.63 | 23.68 | 0.951 | 8.55 | 8.36 | 0.809 | 43.16 | 45.42 | 0.159 | 22.16 | 21.74 | 0.719 |
| Washington | 21.38a | 23.89 | 0.007 | 8.59 | 8.74 | 0.839 | 40.43 | 42.69 | 0.144 | 19.89a | 22.62 | 0.017 |
| West Virginia | 20.05 | 20.40 | 0.701 | 8.18 | 8.51 | 0.715 | 38.78 | 38.41 | 0.820 | 18.62 | 18.95 | 0.771 |
| Wisconsin | 29.04 | 29.89 | 0.434 | 10.95 | 10.06 | 0.283 | 51.77 | 50.05 | 0.303 | 27.44 | 28.78 | 0.326 |
| Wyoming | 23.36 | 22.90 | 0.623 | 11.49 | 10.85 | 0.629 | 41.82 | 40.75 | 0.505 | 21.57 | 21.09 | 0.680 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 41.75a | 42.59 | 0.002 | 39.82 | 40.02 | 0.519 | 33.08 | 33.44 | 0.266 | 43.50a | 44.50 | 0.003 |
| Northeast | 39.40a | 40.52 | 0.017 | 37.88 | 38.66 | 0.167 | 30.11 | 30.82 | 0.194 | 41.15a | 42.37 | 0.041 |
| Midwest | 38.73 | 38.97 | 0.526 | 37.78 | 38.07 | 0.503 | 28.92 | 29.51 | 0.153 | 40.55 | 40.73 | 0.695 |
| South | 44.06a | 44.97 | 0.011 | 41.74 | 41.81 | 0.881 | 36.12 | 36.36 | 0.566 | 45.70a | 46.84 | 0.012 |
| West | 42.86a | 43.88 | 0.043 | 40.19 | 40.06 | 0.842 | 34.62 | 34.60 | 0.973 | 44.71a | 46.07 | 0.035 |
| Alabama | 45.42 | 45.62 | 0.875 | 44.50 | 44.37 | 0.939 | 37.91 | 39.31 | 0.360 | 46.81 | 46.86 | 0.974 |
| Alaska | 41.39 | 42.44 | 0.408 | 42.48 | 42.30 | 0.918 | 29.67 | 31.10 | 0.397 | 43.44 | 44.69 | 0.445 |
| Arizona | 43.63 | 43.94 | 0.801 | 39.66 | 42.17 | 0.124 | 36.45 | 36.72 | 0.876 | 45.37 | 45.40 | 0.987 |
| Arkansas | 42.99a | 45.47 | 0.048 | 41.77 | 43.66 | 0.239 | 33.79 | 35.74 | 0.226 | 44.64b | 47.30 | 0.092 |
| California | 43.37a | 45.31 | 0.012 | 41.59 | 40.42 | 0.244 | 36.16 | 36.55 | 0.702 | 45.01a | 47.64 | 0.008 |
| Colorado | 40.64 | 39.04 | 0.231 | 37.31 | 35.96 | 0.389 | 29.89 | 28.76 | 0.449 | 42.83 | 41.18 | 0.327 |
| Connecticut | 40.83 | 42.38 | 0.225 | 40.24 | 40.28 | 0.983 | 32.29 | 30.82 | 0.354 | 42.25 | 44.52 | 0.161 |
| Delaware | 40.54 | 40.74 | 0.876 | 40.11 | 38.96 | 0.502 | 31.90 | 32.31 | 0.820 | 42.03 | 42.34 | 0.849 |
| District of Columbia | 40.62 | 41.44 | 0.513 | 45.98 | 45.67 | 0.859 | 33.15 | 32.85 | 0.872 | 41.81 | 42.96 | 0.467 |
| Florida | 44.76a | 47.25 | 0.002 | 41.28 | 42.50 | 0.205 | 37.66 | 37.87 | 0.830 | 46.19a | 49.17 | 0.002 |
| Georgia | 45.64 | 45.88 | 0.847 | 46.07 | 43.59 | 0.139 | 35.97 | 36.09 | 0.934 | 47.23 | 47.90 | 0.677 |
| Hawaii | 39.73 | 41.12 | 0.340 | 42.44 | 43.75 | 0.453 | 32.35b | 35.40 | 0.074 | 40.60 | 41.74 | 0.533 |
| Idaho | 40.42 | 38.65 | 0.145 | 37.35 | 37.07 | 0.853 | 32.13 | 30.82 | 0.356 | 42.31 | 40.31 | 0.206 |
| Illinois | 39.94b | 41.47 | 0.054 | 38.81 | 40.28 | 0.135 | 30.38 | 31.39 | 0.232 | 41.82 | 43.44 | 0.111 |
| Indiana | 39.79 | 39.33 | 0.720 | 38.35 | 39.17 | 0.586 | 29.33 | 30.12 | 0.598 | 41.74 | 40.95 | 0.623 |
| Iowa | 35.44 | 36.96 | 0.202 | 37.40 | 36.87 | 0.746 | 24.61b | 27.18 | 0.055 | 37.10 | 38.74 | 0.279 |
| Kansas | 37.98 | 38.62 | 0.591 | 34.20 | 35.98 | 0.262 | 26.16 | 28.45 | 0.136 | 40.69 | 40.91 | 0.884 |
| Kentucky | 42.45 | 41.65 | 0.536 | 41.60 | 40.94 | 0.684 | 32.98 | 34.34 | 0.402 | 44.03 | 42.90 | 0.480 |
| Louisiana | 45.60 | 45.47 | 0.917 | 44.21 | 44.21 | 0.996 | 40.49 | 39.60 | 0.545 | 46.77 | 46.76 | 0.993 |
| Maine | 37.40 | 37.65 | 0.841 | 36.00b | 33.39 | 0.086 | 26.14 | 27.29 | 0.413 | 39.11 | 39.57 | 0.765 |
| Maryland | 43.21 | 43.75 | 0.692 | 42.88 | 42.35 | 0.751 | 38.27 | 35.95 | 0.169 | 44.09 | 45.24 | 0.504 |
| Massachusetts | 35.38b | 37.59 | 0.084 | 34.48 | 35.61 | 0.484 | 26.46 | 27.72 | 0.368 | 37.07 | 39.57 | 0.120 |
| Michigan | 39.24 | 39.47 | 0.759 | 38.71 | 38.91 | 0.831 | 31.75 | 32.96 | 0.160 | 40.58 | 40.66 | 0.936 |
| Minnesota | 36.76 | 37.02 | 0.840 | 37.68 | 36.31 | 0.379 | 27.25 | 26.36 | 0.532 | 38.27 | 38.93 | 0.681 |
| Mississippi | 48.19 | 48.25 | 0.962 | 46.04 | 47.55 | 0.344 | 41.97 | 41.49 | 0.763 | 49.64 | 49.62 | 0.989 |
| Missouri | 41.30 | 39.57 | 0.141 | 39.88 | 38.27 | 0.289 | 30.79 | 31.50 | 0.631 | 43.20 | 41.10 | 0.157 |
| Montana | 39.06a | 36.58 | 0.038 | 33.80 | 33.14 | 0.657 | 29.71a | 26.61 | 0.032 | 41.26b | 38.72 | 0.094 |
| Nebraska | 35.20b | 37.35 | 0.085 | 35.16 | 36.94 | 0.255 | 24.90 | 25.59 | 0.620 | 37.16 | 39.68 | 0.116 |
| Nevada | 45.08b | 42.67 | 0.068 | 41.14 | 39.68 | 0.379 | 35.92 | 33.55 | 0.171 | 46.94 | 44.45 | 0.130 |
| New Hampshire | 35.71a | 38.21 | 0.042 | 33.40 | 34.64 | 0.448 | 23.08 | 24.71 | 0.219 | 37.92b | 40.76 | 0.064 |
| New Jersey | 40.85 | 41.49 | 0.631 | 35.06 | 36.91 | 0.233 | 31.71 | 32.88 | 0.456 | 42.97 | 43.38 | 0.812 |
| New Mexico | 45.97 | 47.80 | 0.163 | 37.86 | 39.69 | 0.265 | 36.81 | 36.55 | 0.877 | 48.72 | 50.91 | 0.187 |
| New York | 41.99 | 42.20 | 0.794 | 41.41 | 41.41 | 0.997 | 31.95 | 32.55 | 0.525 | 43.87 | 44.00 | 0.898 |
| North Carolina | 43.80 | 43.95 | 0.903 | 39.13 | 38.07 | 0.491 | 35.55 | 34.33 | 0.447 | 45.70 | 46.27 | 0.723 |
| North Dakota | 34.99 | 35.78 | 0.502 | 34.27 | 34.79 | 0.714 | 25.09 | 24.64 | 0.758 | 37.31 | 38.50 | 0.429 |
| Ohio | 39.27 | 39.51 | 0.763 | 37.29 | 38.15 | 0.327 | 27.96 | 27.88 | 0.920 | 41.38 | 41.57 | 0.844 |
| Oklahoma | 42.90 | 42.00 | 0.494 | 39.20 | 39.07 | 0.940 | 34.06 | 33.82 | 0.882 | 44.99 | 43.88 | 0.516 |
| Oregon | 38.76 | 39.94 | 0.337 | 34.80 | 37.14 | 0.117 | 27.09 | 28.12 | 0.445 | 41.03 | 42.15 | 0.467 |
| Pennsylvania | 36.95a | 39.26 | 0.003 | 36.17a | 38.13 | 0.041 | 28.84 | 29.89 | 0.229 | 38.37a | 40.94 | 0.010 |
| Rhode Island | 38.31 | 37.76 | 0.668 | 39.12b | 36.48 | 0.082 | 30.96 | 29.72 | 0.402 | 39.60 | 39.43 | 0.919 |
| South Carolina | 45.76 | 46.79 | 0.431 | 41.33 | 42.43 | 0.493 | 39.03 | 39.53 | 0.745 | 47.40 | 48.51 | 0.503 |
| South Dakota | 34.49 | 33.62 | 0.501 | 32.71 | 31.31 | 0.377 | 24.70 | 25.04 | 0.812 | 36.49 | 35.48 | 0.548 |
| Tennessee | 42.59b | 45.00 | 0.060 | 40.99 | 41.51 | 0.739 | 33.55 | 34.52 | 0.546 | 44.17b | 47.06 | 0.069 |
| Texas | 43.78 | 44.59 | 0.275 | 40.72 | 41.22 | 0.611 | 35.81 | 36.77 | 0.290 | 45.73 | 46.57 | 0.391 |
| Utah | 49.79 | 50.82 | 0.435 | 45.50b | 48.74 | 0.092 | 39.00 | 38.09 | 0.626 | 53.23 | 54.33 | 0.541 |
| Vermont | 36.29 | 36.60 | 0.810 | 33.75 | 32.15 | 0.303 | 22.51 | 22.93 | 0.782 | 38.82 | 39.43 | 0.707 |
| Virginia | 41.86 | 42.61 | 0.543 | 40.33 | 40.23 | 0.949 | 32.27 | 32.45 | 0.910 | 43.67 | 44.67 | 0.531 |
| Washington | 40.94 | 41.84 | 0.484 | 36.26 | 37.23 | 0.534 | 30.17 | 29.55 | 0.679 | 43.25 | 44.40 | 0.479 |
| West Virginia | 43.55 | 44.09 | 0.677 | 38.84 | 38.93 | 0.956 | 32.12 | 34.02 | 0.260 | 45.69 | 46.15 | 0.780 |
| Wisconsin | 36.21 | 35.03 | 0.371 | 35.77 | 34.60 | 0.460 | 27.88 | 27.12 | 0.574 | 37.67 | 36.46 | 0.472 |
| Wyoming | 39.80 | 39.10 | 0.587 | 38.88 | 39.63 | 0.612 | 29.11 | 29.18 | 0.972 | 41.81 | 40.86 | 0.562 |
| State | Alcohol Use in Past Month (2008-2009) |
Alcohol Use in Past Month (2009-2010) |
Alcohol Use in Past Month (P Value) |
Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month (2008-2009) |
Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month (2009-2010) |
Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||
| Total U.S. | 26.83 | 26.67 | 0.570 | 17.85 | 17.54 | 0.202 |
| Northeast | 30.69 | 30.58 | 0.773 | 20.36 | 19.92 | 0.265 |
| Midwest | 27.60 | 27.16 | 0.149 | 19.31b | 18.78 | 0.082 |
| South | 25.18 | 25.17 | 0.980 | 16.18 | 15.90 | 0.313 |
| West | 25.76 | 25.62 | 0.758 | 17.20 | 17.15 | 0.912 |
| Alabama | 23.65 | 22.30 | 0.167 | 14.61 | 13.62 | 0.162 |
| Alaska | 25.51 | 25.86 | 0.775 | 18.70 | 18.54 | 0.866 |
| Arizona | 24.59 | 23.50 | 0.313 | 16.07 | 16.36 | 0.749 |
| Arkansas | 23.06 | 22.27 | 0.412 | 14.65b | 13.27 | 0.088 |
| California | 25.24 | 25.40 | 0.820 | 16.79 | 16.93 | 0.805 |
| Colorado | 32.89a | 29.89 | 0.012 | 20.42a | 18.30 | 0.013 |
| Connecticut | 31.02 | 31.94 | 0.442 | 23.61 | 22.26 | 0.253 |
| Delaware | 32.60 | 31.67 | 0.444 | 22.39 | 21.77 | 0.575 |
| District of Columbia | 31.66b | 29.22 | 0.100 | 17.91 | 16.72 | 0.357 |
| Florida | 26.62b | 25.55 | 0.087 | 16.59a | 15.32 | 0.022 |
| Georgia | 24.21 | 23.33 | 0.389 | 14.87 | 14.62 | 0.752 |
| Hawaii | 23.87 | 25.48 | 0.160 | 16.53 | 17.57 | 0.263 |
| Idaho | 23.93b | 25.79 | 0.077 | 15.95 | 16.85 | 0.290 |
| Illinois | 28.38 | 28.76 | 0.553 | 19.64 | 19.60 | 0.941 |
| Indiana | 23.50 | 23.51 | 0.996 | 16.97 | 16.44 | 0.518 |
| Iowa | 29.93 | 29.46 | 0.656 | 21.29 | 20.99 | 0.750 |
| Kansas | 28.91 | 29.01 | 0.928 | 19.22 | 19.67 | 0.615 |
| Kentucky | 23.65 | 24.07 | 0.689 | 16.53 | 17.07 | 0.515 |
| Louisiana | 29.69a | 27.19 | 0.021 | 17.74b | 16.20 | 0.064 |
| Maine | 26.61 | 25.09 | 0.172 | 17.12 | 17.52 | 0.677 |
| Maryland | 26.66 | 25.14 | 0.148 | 17.25b | 15.61 | 0.069 |
| Massachusetts | 32.97 | 31.35 | 0.137 | 22.39 | 21.06 | 0.142 |
| Michigan | 26.72a | 24.93 | 0.004 | 17.86a | 16.80 | 0.047 |
| Minnesota | 27.61 | 27.28 | 0.758 | 19.58 | 19.89 | 0.734 |
| Mississippi | 24.28 | 24.96 | 0.507 | 15.70 | 15.23 | 0.582 |
| Missouri | 24.24 | 25.12 | 0.416 | 16.84 | 16.39 | 0.605 |
| Montana | 34.33b | 32.13 | 0.064 | 24.27 | 22.95 | 0.245 |
| Nebraska | 26.45 | 26.58 | 0.911 | 18.35 | 19.22 | 0.345 |
| Nevada | 24.63 | 25.34 | 0.531 | 17.12 | 17.72 | 0.569 |
| New Hampshire | 34.84 | 32.93 | 0.110 | 24.50a | 21.77 | 0.011 |
| New Jersey | 27.22 | 28.41 | 0.253 | 18.37 | 19.36 | 0.273 |
| New Mexico | 25.80 | 25.18 | 0.597 | 17.39 | 16.49 | 0.281 |
| New York | 32.01 | 31.64 | 0.592 | 20.06 | 19.21 | 0.177 |
| North Carolina | 22.42b | 24.22 | 0.083 | 13.63 | 14.54 | 0.277 |
| North Dakota | 36.44a | 33.57 | 0.028 | 26.56a | 24.20 | 0.034 |
| Ohio | 28.41 | 27.41 | 0.104 | 20.53a | 19.20 | 0.013 |
| Oklahoma | 25.90 | 25.55 | 0.742 | 17.52b | 15.87 | 0.059 |
| Oregon | 31.36 | 30.14 | 0.261 | 20.14a | 17.75 | 0.005 |
| Pennsylvania | 29.02 | 29.47 | 0.501 | 19.74 | 19.88 | 0.813 |
| Rhode Island | 34.78 | 33.12 | 0.151 | 22.50 | 21.71 | 0.405 |
| South Carolina | 21.88 | 22.84 | 0.328 | 13.52 | 14.19 | 0.399 |
| South Dakota | 32.31 | 30.60 | 0.127 | 22.94a | 20.63 | 0.018 |
| Tennessee | 20.16b | 21.83 | 0.088 | 13.56 | 14.87 | 0.102 |
| Texas | 26.46 | 26.13 | 0.600 | 17.17 | 16.95 | 0.697 |
| Utah | 14.34b | 16.48 | 0.057 | 11.60 | 12.68 | 0.306 |
| Vermont | 36.53b | 34.62 | 0.096 | 24.69 | 24.10 | 0.573 |
| Virginia | 25.83a | 29.66 | 0.000 | 18.49 | 19.75 | 0.131 |
| Washington | 27.00 | 26.92 | 0.939 | 18.36 | 18.91 | 0.497 |
| West Virginia | 22.75b | 24.64 | 0.068 | 15.93 | 16.45 | 0.567 |
| Wisconsin | 30.83 | 30.09 | 0.497 | 21.63 | 21.05 | 0.534 |
| Wyoming | 30.54 | 30.21 | 0.802 | 21.62 | 21.26 | 0.756 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 28.06b | 27.60 | 0.054 | 11.64a | 11.25 | 0.047 | 41.53 | 41.27 | 0.446 | 27.85b | 27.28 | 0.058 |
| Northeast | 26.45 | 26.27 | 0.682 | 11.37 | 10.90 | 0.176 | 41.23 | 40.90 | 0.550 | 25.78 | 25.62 | 0.784 |
| Midwest | 30.55 | 30.10 | 0.249 | 13.24a | 12.56 | 0.028 | 46.33 | 45.79 | 0.243 | 30.06 | 29.58 | 0.347 |
| South | 29.54 | 29.04 | 0.182 | 11.53 | 11.29 | 0.371 | 41.69 | 41.64 | 0.907 | 29.79 | 29.12 | 0.170 |
| West | 24.67 | 24.00 | 0.162 | 10.55 | 10.22 | 0.379 | 37.12 | 36.86 | 0.668 | 24.31 | 23.48 | 0.187 |
| Alabama | 32.94 | 32.68 | 0.813 | 13.26 | 11.89 | 0.147 | 45.41 | 44.30 | 0.494 | 33.33 | 33.29 | 0.975 |
| Alaska | 29.41a | 31.93 | 0.042 | 13.46 | 13.27 | 0.863 | 44.60 | 45.63 | 0.588 | 28.91b | 31.89 | 0.068 |
| Arizona | 25.71 | 26.04 | 0.761 | 10.17 | 11.52 | 0.167 | 39.80 | 37.75 | 0.232 | 25.39 | 25.96 | 0.694 |
| Arkansas | 35.26 | 33.53 | 0.128 | 14.99 | 13.76 | 0.210 | 47.74 | 45.35 | 0.141 | 35.81 | 34.08 | 0.242 |
| California | 22.79 | 21.72 | 0.113 | 9.47 | 9.06 | 0.456 | 34.37 | 33.93 | 0.635 | 22.43 | 21.13 | 0.144 |
| Colorado | 27.37 | 26.91 | 0.672 | 13.30 | 12.37 | 0.365 | 43.67 | 42.57 | 0.533 | 26.37 | 25.94 | 0.767 |
| Connecticut | 25.34 | 25.07 | 0.795 | 11.01 | 10.81 | 0.820 | 41.49 | 41.34 | 0.930 | 24.58 | 24.18 | 0.766 |
| Delaware | 30.13 | 29.01 | 0.310 | 13.07 | 12.53 | 0.569 | 45.53b | 42.17 | 0.054 | 29.65 | 28.80 | 0.542 |
| District of Columbia | 27.62 | 27.50 | 0.915 | 9.48 | 9.08 | 0.623 | 34.96 | 35.49 | 0.751 | 27.66 | 27.37 | 0.843 |
| Florida | 26.78 | 26.24 | 0.446 | 10.61 | 10.43 | 0.742 | 38.36 | 37.56 | 0.440 | 26.85 | 26.24 | 0.495 |
| Georgia | 28.86b | 26.80 | 0.059 | 11.68 | 11.52 | 0.869 | 40.80 | 40.39 | 0.810 | 29.20b | 26.51 | 0.058 |
| Hawaii | 22.31 | 22.62 | 0.784 | 9.93 | 10.04 | 0.912 | 37.26 | 36.80 | 0.799 | 21.32 | 21.74 | 0.768 |
| Idaho | 26.80 | 27.73 | 0.391 | 10.75 | 11.85 | 0.248 | 39.73 | 41.70 | 0.231 | 26.82 | 27.43 | 0.665 |
| Illinois | 29.01 | 28.74 | 0.699 | 12.45a | 10.94 | 0.014 | 44.24 | 44.05 | 0.830 | 28.44 | 28.30 | 0.877 |
| Indiana | 31.88 | 30.63 | 0.254 | 13.97b | 12.22 | 0.065 | 46.31 | 47.39 | 0.521 | 31.80 | 30.12 | 0.237 |
| Iowa | 30.23 | 30.87 | 0.549 | 12.41 | 13.33 | 0.353 | 44.08 | 45.03 | 0.582 | 30.01 | 30.45 | 0.748 |
| Kansas | 30.69 | 30.66 | 0.972 | 13.11 | 13.48 | 0.733 | 47.46b | 44.15 | 0.073 | 29.91 | 30.33 | 0.766 |
| Kentucky | 38.08a | 35.51 | 0.043 | 16.82 | 15.04 | 0.112 | 52.70a | 48.42 | 0.016 | 38.37 | 35.88 | 0.122 |
| Louisiana | 30.67 | 30.09 | 0.586 | 10.72 | 10.86 | 0.871 | 41.06 | 41.88 | 0.606 | 31.40 | 30.41 | 0.490 |
| Maine | 29.82 | 28.92 | 0.426 | 12.13 | 12.46 | 0.732 | 47.65 | 47.07 | 0.744 | 29.28 | 28.10 | 0.403 |
| Maryland | 23.84 | 24.16 | 0.765 | 9.04 | 9.26 | 0.770 | 35.70 | 35.94 | 0.886 | 23.72 | 24.01 | 0.832 |
| Massachusetts | 25.06 | 24.27 | 0.423 | 10.50 | 10.39 | 0.899 | 41.42 | 42.39 | 0.568 | 23.85 | 22.65 | 0.333 |
| Michigan | 30.47 | 30.06 | 0.548 | 12.88b | 11.91 | 0.095 | 45.86 | 45.35 | 0.583 | 30.17 | 29.77 | 0.646 |
| Minnesota | 27.59 | 27.33 | 0.797 | 12.49 | 11.18 | 0.146 | 47.57 | 46.96 | 0.702 | 26.07 | 25.92 | 0.911 |
| Mississippi | 31.60a | 34.57 | 0.013 | 12.10 | 13.54 | 0.145 | 43.29a | 46.86 | 0.041 | 32.19b | 35.19 | 0.053 |
| Missouri | 32.65 | 34.45 | 0.130 | 14.57 | 15.85 | 0.262 | 47.19 | 47.58 | 0.824 | 32.55 | 34.55 | 0.183 |
| Montana | 31.17 | 32.12 | 0.396 | 15.59 | 16.34 | 0.489 | 49.20 | 47.95 | 0.452 | 30.03 | 31.19 | 0.417 |
| Nebraska | 29.00 | 29.00 | 0.999 | 12.29 | 12.12 | 0.869 | 42.14 | 42.20 | 0.969 | 28.71 | 28.62 | 0.950 |
| Nevada | 28.44 | 27.41 | 0.406 | 11.98b | 9.93 | 0.056 | 40.40 | 39.62 | 0.652 | 28.78 | 27.74 | 0.512 |
| New Hampshire | 28.12 | 28.98 | 0.426 | 12.55 | 13.66 | 0.301 | 45.16 | 46.77 | 0.369 | 27.40 | 27.95 | 0.691 |
| New Jersey | 24.81 | 25.55 | 0.511 | 9.81 | 9.74 | 0.940 | 38.34a | 42.22 | 0.016 | 24.58 | 24.91 | 0.816 |
| New Mexico | 26.72 | 27.12 | 0.714 | 12.82 | 13.06 | 0.808 | 42.62 | 42.99 | 0.835 | 25.62 | 26.03 | 0.772 |
| New York | 24.57 | 24.21 | 0.601 | 10.73 | 9.98 | 0.203 | 39.13a | 36.42 | 0.005 | 23.64 | 23.75 | 0.892 |
| North Carolina | 31.32 | 30.27 | 0.345 | 12.01 | 11.09 | 0.274 | 43.70 | 43.42 | 0.875 | 31.72 | 30.42 | 0.366 |
| North Dakota | 30.37 | 28.77 | 0.142 | 13.46 | 13.10 | 0.743 | 46.39a | 42.36 | 0.014 | 28.87 | 27.47 | 0.331 |
| Ohio | 32.29 | 31.20 | 0.123 | 14.11 | 14.01 | 0.860 | 49.54a | 47.62 | 0.036 | 31.76 | 30.65 | 0.219 |
| Oklahoma | 34.82 | 36.51 | 0.162 | 13.78 | 14.35 | 0.610 | 48.56b | 51.53 | 0.095 | 35.07 | 36.60 | 0.325 |
| Oregon | 30.12 | 28.45 | 0.126 | 14.94a | 12.91 | 0.037 | 45.09 | 42.81 | 0.169 | 29.56 | 27.92 | 0.232 |
| Pennsylvania | 30.97 | 30.69 | 0.684 | 13.84 | 12.94 | 0.184 | 45.29 | 45.03 | 0.797 | 30.67 | 30.39 | 0.754 |
| Rhode Island | 26.34 | 26.81 | 0.665 | 10.30 | 10.85 | 0.556 | 41.51 | 41.87 | 0.840 | 25.41 | 25.83 | 0.765 |
| South Carolina | 31.30 | 30.47 | 0.458 | 11.78 | 11.62 | 0.860 | 44.29 | 44.51 | 0.897 | 31.59 | 30.42 | 0.414 |
| South Dakota | 31.32 | 31.42 | 0.932 | 14.94 | 13.59 | 0.220 | 49.54 | 47.66 | 0.263 | 30.16 | 30.67 | 0.722 |
| Tennessee | 33.55 | 34.61 | 0.365 | 12.46 | 13.28 | 0.377 | 46.98 | 48.90 | 0.246 | 34.05 | 34.90 | 0.564 |
| Texas | 27.05 | 26.34 | 0.280 | 10.01 | 9.91 | 0.844 | 38.36 | 38.35 | 0.992 | 27.41 | 26.43 | 0.262 |
| Utah | 18.44 | 16.82 | 0.122 | 6.72 | 7.28 | 0.571 | 24.94 | 25.10 | 0.925 | 18.80b | 16.40 | 0.082 |
| Vermont | 27.61 | 27.08 | 0.639 | 12.66 | 12.52 | 0.901 | 44.28 | 43.42 | 0.621 | 26.58 | 25.84 | 0.601 |
| Virginia | 27.48 | 27.47 | 0.991 | 11.74 | 10.90 | 0.301 | 41.54 | 42.64 | 0.489 | 27.03 | 26.82 | 0.884 |
| Washington | 26.86 | 26.91 | 0.958 | 11.87 | 11.24 | 0.505 | 41.46b | 44.31 | 0.097 | 26.35 | 25.94 | 0.745 |
| West Virginia | 38.41 | 40.22 | 0.184 | 16.88 | 17.35 | 0.692 | 54.20 | 51.73 | 0.163 | 38.44 | 40.89 | 0.147 |
| Wisconsin | 30.21a | 28.03 | 0.047 | 12.88 | 11.85 | 0.248 | 45.41 | 45.09 | 0.847 | 29.79a | 27.02 | 0.049 |
| Wyoming | 34.32 | 33.67 | 0.613 | 18.41 | 17.44 | 0.449 | 49.70 | 49.52 | 0.912 | 33.58 | 32.73 | 0.608 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 23.63a | 23.16 | 0.032 | 9.09a | 8.69 | 0.024 | 35.80a | 35.09 | 0.033 | 23.40b | 22.91 | 0.072 |
| Northeast | 22.40 | 22.22 | 0.656 | 8.82 | 8.54 | 0.351 | 35.95 | 35.34 | 0.296 | 21.75 | 21.62 | 0.808 |
| Midwest | 25.66 | 25.11 | 0.132 | 10.45a | 9.87 | 0.022 | 39.92a | 38.84 | 0.023 | 25.16 | 24.65 | 0.290 |
| South | 24.80 | 24.26 | 0.133 | 9.12b | 8.70 | 0.078 | 35.96 | 35.25 | 0.142 | 24.92 | 24.34 | 0.220 |
| West | 20.86 | 20.31 | 0.223 | 7.97 | 7.72 | 0.420 | 31.69 | 31.24 | 0.480 | 20.62 | 19.98 | 0.276 |
| Alabama | 26.82 | 27.07 | 0.814 | 10.40b | 9.01 | 0.084 | 38.16 | 37.14 | 0.541 | 26.98 | 27.60 | 0.663 |
| Alaska | 24.21b | 26.21 | 0.086 | 9.37 | 8.20 | 0.149 | 38.26 | 38.94 | 0.703 | 23.78 | 26.26 | 0.107 |
| Arizona | 21.97 | 22.39 | 0.690 | 8.70 | 9.92 | 0.154 | 33.07 | 31.53 | 0.342 | 21.85 | 22.47 | 0.655 |
| Arkansas | 30.28b | 28.16 | 0.082 | 12.05b | 10.30 | 0.051 | 42.83a | 39.29 | 0.033 | 30.56 | 28.58 | 0.209 |
| California | 19.28 | 18.54 | 0.242 | 7.05 | 6.83 | 0.612 | 29.58 | 28.85 | 0.425 | 19.02 | 18.18 | 0.315 |
| Colorado | 22.33 | 21.15 | 0.231 | 9.69 | 8.77 | 0.261 | 36.42 | 34.01 | 0.146 | 21.52 | 20.41 | 0.385 |
| Connecticut | 21.47 | 21.31 | 0.871 | 8.67 | 8.76 | 0.904 | 36.51 | 35.47 | 0.502 | 20.69 | 20.54 | 0.910 |
| Delaware | 25.41 | 23.63 | 0.101 | 9.74 | 9.31 | 0.564 | 39.95a | 35.59 | 0.008 | 24.90 | 23.35 | 0.272 |
| District of Columbia | 23.85 | 23.41 | 0.727 | 6.30 | 6.53 | 0.728 | 30.11 | 29.33 | 0.628 | 24.08 | 23.61 | 0.774 |
| Florida | 22.66 | 22.34 | 0.639 | 8.30 | 7.95 | 0.429 | 32.61 | 31.73 | 0.337 | 22.76 | 22.48 | 0.744 |
| Georgia | 24.48b | 22.43 | 0.061 | 8.95 | 9.25 | 0.708 | 35.71 | 34.10 | 0.290 | 24.72b | 22.19 | 0.080 |
| Hawaii | 20.24 | 19.75 | 0.648 | 7.60 | 7.16 | 0.577 | 34.07 | 32.61 | 0.381 | 19.46 | 19.08 | 0.779 |
| Idaho | 23.14 | 23.67 | 0.601 | 9.05 | 8.85 | 0.787 | 35.00 | 36.38 | 0.389 | 23.07 | 23.45 | 0.774 |
| Illinois | 24.93 | 24.38 | 0.405 | 10.01a | 8.67 | 0.013 | 38.97 | 38.10 | 0.351 | 24.37 | 23.95 | 0.632 |
| Indiana | 26.78 | 25.85 | 0.397 | 10.84b | 9.41 | 0.077 | 40.95 | 40.22 | 0.671 | 26.49 | 25.50 | 0.486 |
| Iowa | 24.90 | 25.45 | 0.599 | 10.17 | 10.83 | 0.450 | 37.13 | 37.59 | 0.776 | 24.58 | 25.04 | 0.732 |
| Kansas | 25.04 | 23.94 | 0.278 | 10.80 | 10.64 | 0.856 | 39.71a | 35.89 | 0.025 | 24.19 | 23.40 | 0.553 |
| Kentucky | 31.94b | 29.93 | 0.099 | 12.44 | 11.01 | 0.139 | 44.22a | 40.50 | 0.030 | 32.38 | 30.50 | 0.227 |
| Louisiana | 26.54 | 25.90 | 0.545 | 8.41 | 8.69 | 0.721 | 36.03 | 36.76 | 0.623 | 27.20 | 26.13 | 0.452 |
| Maine | 25.64 | 24.73 | 0.414 | 9.72 | 9.47 | 0.768 | 42.51 | 40.62 | 0.261 | 25.03 | 24.09 | 0.498 |
| Maryland | 19.82 | 19.72 | 0.923 | 7.61 | 7.43 | 0.787 | 31.15 | 30.21 | 0.562 | 19.45 | 19.47 | 0.992 |
| Massachusetts | 20.99 | 20.64 | 0.697 | 7.63 | 7.88 | 0.724 | 34.67 | 36.23 | 0.344 | 20.13 | 19.33 | 0.498 |
| Michigan | 26.12 | 25.91 | 0.752 | 10.34b | 9.49 | 0.087 | 39.79 | 39.17 | 0.518 | 25.87 | 25.74 | 0.884 |
| Minnesota | 23.49 | 23.21 | 0.772 | 9.72 | 8.89 | 0.266 | 41.01 | 40.41 | 0.715 | 22.22 | 22.00 | 0.856 |
| Mississippi | 26.35 | 27.48 | 0.290 | 9.66 | 10.22 | 0.481 | 36.57 | 38.98 | 0.134 | 26.82 | 27.73 | 0.518 |
| Missouri | 26.31 | 27.42 | 0.291 | 10.98 | 11.61 | 0.507 | 39.48 | 39.61 | 0.935 | 26.09 | 27.34 | 0.358 |
| Montana | 24.75 | 24.95 | 0.842 | 11.24 | 12.16 | 0.277 | 39.49 | 37.05 | 0.135 | 23.91 | 24.32 | 0.753 |
| Nebraska | 24.27 | 24.07 | 0.844 | 9.36 | 9.13 | 0.775 | 36.05 | 37.42 | 0.412 | 24.00 | 23.42 | 0.658 |
| Nevada | 24.45 | 23.69 | 0.525 | 9.44a | 7.39 | 0.007 | 33.92 | 33.17 | 0.646 | 24.97 | 24.30 | 0.657 |
| New Hampshire | 23.36 | 24.23 | 0.382 | 10.23 | 10.66 | 0.628 | 39.18 | 41.42 | 0.179 | 22.53 | 23.09 | 0.665 |
| New Jersey | 20.88 | 21.19 | 0.771 | 7.59 | 7.66 | 0.915 | 35.13 | 37.35 | 0.181 | 20.33 | 20.36 | 0.987 |
| New Mexico | 22.74 | 22.57 | 0.861 | 10.06 | 10.17 | 0.890 | 36.12 | 36.14 | 0.992 | 21.95 | 21.69 | 0.840 |
| New York | 21.30 | 21.18 | 0.851 | 8.21 | 7.79 | 0.381 | 34.38a | 31.70 | 0.005 | 20.55 | 20.91 | 0.669 |
| North Carolina | 26.45 | 26.03 | 0.691 | 9.16 | 8.22 | 0.235 | 37.96 | 38.30 | 0.840 | 26.73 | 26.15 | 0.672 |
| North Dakota | 24.70b | 22.74 | 0.052 | 10.42 | 10.27 | 0.864 | 36.38b | 33.53 | 0.079 | 23.86 | 21.73 | 0.112 |
| Ohio | 26.71 | 25.79 | 0.189 | 10.93 | 11.22 | 0.588 | 41.85a | 39.74 | 0.023 | 26.23 | 25.32 | 0.315 |
| Oklahoma | 28.24 | 28.98 | 0.529 | 11.31 | 10.80 | 0.571 | 41.18 | 43.60 | 0.182 | 28.10 | 28.62 | 0.732 |
| Oregon | 25.01 | 23.94 | 0.303 | 10.32 | 9.53 | 0.331 | 37.51 | 37.77 | 0.871 | 24.78 | 23.36 | 0.290 |
| Pennsylvania | 25.69 | 25.05 | 0.368 | 11.13 | 10.28 | 0.133 | 38.72 | 38.18 | 0.590 | 25.30 | 24.60 | 0.457 |
| Rhode Island | 22.58 | 23.22 | 0.538 | 7.93 | 8.46 | 0.495 | 35.37 | 35.82 | 0.786 | 21.93 | 22.56 | 0.646 |
| South Carolina | 26.94 | 26.50 | 0.676 | 9.52 | 9.02 | 0.532 | 37.73 | 37.92 | 0.909 | 27.33 | 26.72 | 0.655 |
| South Dakota | 25.04 | 25.14 | 0.923 | 11.43 | 10.29 | 0.178 | 39.83 | 38.80 | 0.541 | 24.14 | 24.50 | 0.796 |
| Tennessee | 28.20 | 27.81 | 0.729 | 9.69 | 9.25 | 0.576 | 39.48 | 39.70 | 0.898 | 28.71 | 28.15 | 0.694 |
| Texas | 22.51 | 22.02 | 0.446 | 8.17 | 8.00 | 0.708 | 33.64 | 32.62 | 0.268 | 22.51 | 22.03 | 0.573 |
| Utah | 16.42 | 15.83 | 0.527 | 5.39 | 5.86 | 0.536 | 22.29 | 23.51 | 0.450 | 16.83 | 15.63 | 0.342 |
| Vermont | 22.31 | 22.37 | 0.959 | 8.73 | 9.34 | 0.479 | 38.02 | 37.89 | 0.942 | 21.29 | 21.10 | 0.882 |
| Virginia | 23.23 | 22.76 | 0.655 | 9.56 | 8.60 | 0.197 | 35.65 | 35.11 | 0.733 | 22.79 | 22.32 | 0.721 |
| Washington | 22.91 | 22.66 | 0.802 | 8.89 | 7.95 | 0.201 | 35.68 | 37.56 | 0.252 | 22.56 | 21.97 | 0.645 |
| West Virginia | 30.76 | 32.00 | 0.350 | 13.14 | 11.85 | 0.201 | 47.13b | 43.86 | 0.061 | 30.30 | 32.34 | 0.217 |
| Wisconsin | 25.74a | 23.51 | 0.028 | 10.57 | 9.43 | 0.162 | 40.34 | 37.95 | 0.146 | 25.15b | 22.70 | 0.062 |
| Wyoming | 26.58 | 25.72 | 0.429 | 12.60 | 13.47 | 0.387 | 39.19 | 39.62 | 0.798 | 26.09 | 24.66 | 0.320 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 72.23a | 71.21 | 0.000 | 67.53a | 65.41 | 0.000 | 66.79a | 65.15 | 0.000 | 73.77a | 72.99 | 0.006 |
| Northeast | 74.20 | 73.50 | 0.114 | 69.97a | 68.09 | 0.000 | 69.19a | 67.01 | 0.000 | 75.55 | 75.23 | 0.554 |
| Midwest | 68.83a | 67.42 | 0.001 | 66.50a | 64.34 | 0.000 | 63.18a | 61.07 | 0.000 | 70.11a | 68.91 | 0.020 |
| South | 71.95a | 70.96 | 0.007 | 66.07a | 64.12 | 0.000 | 66.21a | 64.72 | 0.003 | 73.68b | 72.89 | 0.080 |
| West | 74.32a | 73.36 | 0.045 | 68.91a | 66.44 | 0.000 | 69.11 | 68.12 | 0.127 | 75.99 | 75.22 | 0.191 |
| Alabama | 68.17 | 67.33 | 0.522 | 61.94 | 60.26 | 0.283 | 62.06 | 60.46 | 0.318 | 69.99 | 69.40 | 0.715 |
| Alaska | 70.76a | 67.21 | 0.007 | 69.17b | 66.75 | 0.099 | 63.91 | 62.65 | 0.446 | 72.29a | 68.17 | 0.015 |
| Arizona | 72.49 | 71.76 | 0.554 | 66.39 | 65.07 | 0.377 | 65.76 | 66.03 | 0.855 | 74.44 | 73.59 | 0.580 |
| Arkansas | 68.18 | 70.18 | 0.105 | 64.64 | 63.20 | 0.358 | 62.49 | 60.97 | 0.325 | 69.55a | 72.58 | 0.050 |
| California | 75.81 | 75.39 | 0.544 | 69.43a | 66.60 | 0.003 | 71.50 | 71.14 | 0.699 | 77.53 | 77.39 | 0.875 |
| Colorado | 73.80 | 72.37 | 0.199 | 68.42 | 66.71 | 0.253 | 66.96 | 66.40 | 0.724 | 75.60 | 74.07 | 0.267 |
| Connecticut | 74.30 | 73.11 | 0.301 | 70.44 | 68.65 | 0.198 | 69.13b | 66.24 | 0.054 | 75.60 | 74.77 | 0.568 |
| Delaware | 74.35 | 73.29 | 0.367 | 70.25a | 66.85 | 0.017 | 69.30a | 66.11 | 0.030 | 75.70 | 75.24 | 0.758 |
| District of Columbia | 77.59a | 75.29 | 0.035 | 67.92b | 65.22 | 0.064 | 72.15b | 69.73 | 0.090 | 79.72b | 77.42 | 0.095 |
| Florida | 75.34 | 74.85 | 0.482 | 68.43a | 66.55 | 0.036 | 69.66 | 68.97 | 0.470 | 76.93 | 76.63 | 0.714 |
| Georgia | 72.78 | 71.37 | 0.236 | 67.93a | 64.22 | 0.013 | 68.19 | 66.68 | 0.318 | 74.23 | 73.17 | 0.481 |
| Hawaii | 73.88 | 72.05 | 0.166 | 70.29a | 67.01 | 0.040 | 68.55 | 66.61 | 0.234 | 75.14 | 73.46 | 0.307 |
| Idaho | 69.73a | 65.77 | 0.001 | 67.64a | 64.43 | 0.023 | 64.40a | 60.34 | 0.011 | 70.97a | 66.95 | 0.008 |
| Illinois | 70.62a | 69.14 | 0.049 | 66.95a | 65.15 | 0.046 | 65.49a | 62.26 | 0.000 | 72.03 | 70.90 | 0.234 |
| Indiana | 67.54 | 66.16 | 0.274 | 65.94 | 64.61 | 0.344 | 62.29a | 59.06 | 0.049 | 68.64 | 67.59 | 0.505 |
| Iowa | 65.39 | 65.32 | 0.956 | 64.08 | 61.65 | 0.103 | 58.22 | 58.43 | 0.901 | 66.82 | 67.01 | 0.909 |
| Kansas | 68.14a | 64.89 | 0.012 | 62.25a | 58.79 | 0.036 | 63.01 | 61.61 | 0.382 | 69.89a | 66.31 | 0.030 |
| Kentucky | 62.10 | 62.29 | 0.893 | 64.01 | 63.41 | 0.696 | 53.72 | 55.85 | 0.219 | 63.18 | 63.18 | 0.999 |
| Louisiana | 72.45 | 71.96 | 0.665 | 66.63 | 65.08 | 0.291 | 67.14 | 65.06 | 0.167 | 74.27 | 74.20 | 0.961 |
| Maine | 70.40 | 68.71 | 0.172 | 68.55 | 67.35 | 0.392 | 62.82 | 60.95 | 0.246 | 71.65 | 69.95 | 0.257 |
| Maryland | 75.14 | 74.90 | 0.834 | 68.10 | 65.98 | 0.176 | 69.49 | 69.66 | 0.914 | 77.00 | 76.89 | 0.940 |
| Massachusetts | 73.02a | 75.91 | 0.010 | 70.47 | 70.34 | 0.932 | 68.84 | 68.40 | 0.771 | 74.07a | 77.89 | 0.007 |
| Michigan | 68.92 | 68.24 | 0.355 | 64.94 | 64.08 | 0.308 | 63.41 | 62.54 | 0.317 | 70.37 | 69.75 | 0.500 |
| Minnesota | 69.12 | 68.10 | 0.423 | 68.04 | 67.41 | 0.659 | 62.56 | 60.77 | 0.276 | 70.37 | 69.44 | 0.555 |
| Mississippi | 69.89 | 69.22 | 0.577 | 62.92 | 60.99 | 0.186 | 63.79 | 63.50 | 0.849 | 71.99 | 71.42 | 0.714 |
| Missouri | 68.66b | 66.34 | 0.063 | 67.26a | 61.97 | 0.001 | 61.95b | 58.80 | 0.051 | 69.95 | 68.16 | 0.259 |
| Montana | 69.10 | 67.99 | 0.386 | 65.93 | 64.27 | 0.256 | 62.23 | 60.50 | 0.298 | 70.63 | 69.73 | 0.570 |
| Nebraska | 68.84 | 67.08 | 0.156 | 65.58a | 62.38 | 0.029 | 61.22 | 60.22 | 0.537 | 70.71 | 69.02 | 0.288 |
| Nevada | 72.82b | 70.59 | 0.062 | 67.64 | 65.85 | 0.236 | 68.94 | 67.69 | 0.453 | 74.05b | 71.64 | 0.098 |
| New Hampshire | 71.91b | 69.68 | 0.065 | 65.23 | 64.70 | 0.709 | 65.74 | 64.34 | 0.370 | 73.66b | 71.11 | 0.086 |
| New Jersey | 74.62 | 73.89 | 0.524 | 70.76a | 67.23 | 0.008 | 69.88 | 68.95 | 0.548 | 75.83 | 75.46 | 0.796 |
| New Mexico | 75.07a | 72.63 | 0.019 | 66.03b | 63.49 | 0.064 | 68.48a | 64.48 | 0.012 | 77.48b | 75.30 | 0.100 |
| New York | 77.81a | 76.41 | 0.041 | 72.56 | 71.09 | 0.110 | 72.89a | 69.63 | 0.001 | 79.33 | 78.24 | 0.199 |
| North Carolina | 71.74a | 68.97 | 0.019 | 69.47b | 66.79 | 0.058 | 66.40b | 63.56 | 0.091 | 72.88b | 70.14 | 0.065 |
| North Dakota | 67.73 | 68.20 | 0.718 | 65.81 | 65.63 | 0.903 | 65.75 | 63.90 | 0.238 | 68.42 | 69.51 | 0.519 |
| Ohio | 69.43a | 66.37 | 0.000 | 67.58a | 64.16 | 0.000 | 63.10a | 60.54 | 0.005 | 70.70a | 67.60 | 0.001 |
| Oklahoma | 68.62a | 66.20 | 0.040 | 61.81b | 58.74 | 0.059 | 64.24a | 59.93 | 0.012 | 70.31 | 68.32 | 0.184 |
| Oregon | 71.68 | 70.35 | 0.285 | 67.01 | 65.20 | 0.208 | 63.03b | 60.47 | 0.079 | 73.56 | 72.51 | 0.506 |
| Pennsylvania | 69.68 | 68.78 | 0.255 | 65.72a | 63.44 | 0.015 | 63.82b | 61.85 | 0.060 | 71.12 | 70.55 | 0.558 |
| Rhode Island | 71.88 | 71.55 | 0.783 | 69.12a | 65.34 | 0.008 | 68.71 | 67.26 | 0.325 | 72.81 | 73.08 | 0.856 |
| South Carolina | 71.49 | 70.33 | 0.330 | 65.74a | 62.06 | 0.017 | 65.10 | 63.05 | 0.195 | 73.25 | 72.53 | 0.626 |
| South Dakota | 68.12 | 66.42 | 0.191 | 67.88a | 64.35 | 0.024 | 65.40a | 62.17 | 0.044 | 68.65 | 67.45 | 0.470 |
| Tennessee | 67.13 | 66.02 | 0.408 | 63.11 | 61.01 | 0.189 | 61.67a | 57.95 | 0.022 | 68.45 | 67.89 | 0.735 |
| Texas | 73.23 | 72.12 | 0.121 | 64.28 | 63.54 | 0.427 | 67.65b | 65.76 | 0.056 | 75.58 | 74.57 | 0.261 |
| Utah | 75.54 | 73.78 | 0.110 | 74.94b | 72.63 | 0.082 | 70.51 | 68.59 | 0.236 | 76.91 | 75.27 | 0.262 |
| Vermont | 74.88a | 70.96 | 0.001 | 69.15a | 65.59 | 0.010 | 67.27b | 64.50 | 0.094 | 76.78a | 72.66 | 0.004 |
| Virginia | 73.00 | 71.93 | 0.362 | 69.00b | 66.41 | 0.057 | 65.17 | 65.70 | 0.725 | 74.82 | 73.68 | 0.441 |
| Washington | 72.32 | 71.23 | 0.323 | 68.79b | 66.20 | 0.072 | 65.47 | 63.17 | 0.142 | 73.85 | 73.14 | 0.605 |
| West Virginia | 65.84 | 64.61 | 0.330 | 62.91 | 61.44 | 0.331 | 59.35 | 56.98 | 0.157 | 67.09 | 66.09 | 0.518 |
| Wisconsin | 67.21 | 68.62 | 0.257 | 68.09 | 67.47 | 0.671 | 63.02 | 62.45 | 0.714 | 67.80 | 69.84 | 0.202 |
| Wyoming | 69.98 | 68.92 | 0.374 | 68.90 | 66.90 | 0.170 | 62.70 | 60.67 | 0.209 | 71.41 | 70.68 | 0.621 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 7.42 | 7.27 | 0.172 | 4.76 | 4.59 | 0.219 | 16.76a | 15.91 | 0.001 | 6.16 | 6.10 | 0.694 |
| Northeast | 7.42 | 7.25 | 0.346 | 4.73 | 4.61 | 0.545 | 17.81b | 16.96 | 0.073 | 5.99 | 5.92 | 0.757 |
| Midwest | 7.84a | 7.46 | 0.017 | 5.14a | 4.58 | 0.002 | 18.24a | 16.81 | 0.001 | 6.39 | 6.19 | 0.314 |
| South | 6.90 | 6.82 | 0.627 | 4.14 | 4.18 | 0.840 | 15.18 | 14.60 | 0.155 | 5.86 | 5.82 | 0.865 |
| West | 7.86 | 7.80 | 0.811 | 5.37 | 5.20 | 0.514 | 16.97 | 16.28 | 0.196 | 6.54 | 6.61 | 0.802 |
| Alabama | 6.40 | 6.82 | 0.338 | 4.12 | 4.30 | 0.710 | 13.75 | 13.69 | 0.956 | 5.45 | 5.96 | 0.351 |
| Alaska | 8.06 | 7.80 | 0.609 | 5.31 | 4.91 | 0.460 | 16.94 | 15.52 | 0.217 | 6.80 | 6.69 | 0.874 |
| Arizona | 7.73 | 7.74 | 0.984 | 5.40 | 4.88 | 0.391 | 18.24 | 17.00 | 0.329 | 6.26 | 6.55 | 0.664 |
| Arkansas | 6.75 | 6.58 | 0.697 | 4.90 | 4.54 | 0.466 | 15.57 | 14.23 | 0.209 | 5.54 | 5.57 | 0.955 |
| California | 7.87 | 8.02 | 0.661 | 5.27 | 5.39 | 0.774 | 16.36 | 15.93 | 0.575 | 6.61 | 6.88 | 0.515 |
| Colorado | 8.97 | 8.71 | 0.650 | 6.32 | 5.68 | 0.303 | 21.03 | 20.07 | 0.470 | 7.28 | 7.11 | 0.811 |
| Connecticut | 8.64 | 7.85 | 0.105 | 5.92a | 4.82 | 0.037 | 19.92 | 18.62 | 0.293 | 7.19 | 6.46 | 0.225 |
| Delaware | 7.88 | 7.27 | 0.193 | 4.86 | 4.76 | 0.844 | 18.98a | 16.65 | 0.029 | 6.40 | 6.02 | 0.517 |
| District of Columbia | 9.26 | 9.48 | 0.725 | 3.04 | 3.32 | 0.479 | 17.04 | 17.21 | 0.876 | 8.10 | 8.34 | 0.769 |
| Florida | 6.93 | 6.78 | 0.640 | 4.33 | 4.44 | 0.755 | 14.60 | 13.80 | 0.243 | 6.08 | 5.98 | 0.794 |
| Georgia | 6.68 | 6.31 | 0.380 | 3.38 | 3.65 | 0.559 | 15.02 | 14.13 | 0.376 | 5.72 | 5.31 | 0.443 |
| Hawaii | 7.58 | 7.71 | 0.826 | 5.83 | 5.49 | 0.632 | 16.34 | 17.14 | 0.531 | 6.38 | 6.46 | 0.912 |
| Idaho | 7.14 | 7.53 | 0.390 | 5.16 | 5.23 | 0.909 | 16.35 | 16.51 | 0.883 | 5.79 | 6.21 | 0.464 |
| Illinois | 7.58 | 7.21 | 0.230 | 4.32 | 4.11 | 0.512 | 17.59 | 16.91 | 0.367 | 6.19 | 5.86 | 0.398 |
| Indiana | 6.99 | 7.22 | 0.630 | 5.01 | 4.41 | 0.247 | 17.00 | 15.99 | 0.386 | 5.57 | 6.06 | 0.366 |
| Iowa | 8.64 | 8.25 | 0.433 | 6.67b | 5.44 | 0.056 | 19.79 | 19.82 | 0.979 | 6.92 | 6.51 | 0.508 |
| Kansas | 8.06 | 7.94 | 0.801 | 5.68 | 5.35 | 0.578 | 19.37 | 17.92 | 0.266 | 6.27 | 6.37 | 0.872 |
| Kentucky | 5.98 | 6.14 | 0.681 | 3.83 | 4.08 | 0.615 | 14.21 | 14.03 | 0.865 | 4.95 | 5.13 | 0.707 |
| Louisiana | 7.02 | 6.60 | 0.344 | 3.63 | 3.40 | 0.577 | 14.96 | 14.20 | 0.454 | 5.95 | 5.58 | 0.497 |
| Maine | 6.76 | 6.45 | 0.471 | 4.06 | 4.09 | 0.961 | 17.72 | 16.64 | 0.339 | 5.52 | 5.25 | 0.585 |
| Maryland | 7.05 | 6.41 | 0.165 | 3.70 | 3.30 | 0.329 | 15.17 | 13.82 | 0.203 | 6.10 | 5.54 | 0.317 |
| Massachusetts | 7.42b | 8.30 | 0.088 | 4.74 | 5.16 | 0.457 | 18.97 | 19.91 | 0.441 | 5.68 | 6.60 | 0.142 |
| Michigan | 7.63 | 7.69 | 0.840 | 4.90 | 4.49 | 0.234 | 16.79 | 15.76 | 0.140 | 6.43 | 6.72 | 0.474 |
| Minnesota | 9.20a | 7.81 | 0.013 | 5.77 | 4.86 | 0.130 | 21.08a | 17.57 | 0.006 | 7.60b | 6.49 | 0.098 |
| Mississippi | 6.29 | 6.49 | 0.636 | 3.68 | 3.75 | 0.859 | 13.24 | 13.54 | 0.748 | 5.38 | 5.56 | 0.746 |
| Missouri | 7.63a | 6.63 | 0.032 | 5.15 | 4.62 | 0.358 | 17.62a | 14.82 | 0.022 | 6.29 | 5.50 | 0.159 |
| Montana | 9.78 | 9.25 | 0.391 | 8.23a | 6.65 | 0.043 | 24.59 | 22.93 | 0.256 | 7.49 | 7.17 | 0.671 |
| Nebraska | 8.50b | 7.63 | 0.073 | 5.65a | 4.60 | 0.044 | 19.05 | 18.00 | 0.388 | 6.88 | 6.02 | 0.155 |
| Nevada | 7.61 | 8.44 | 0.158 | 5.40 | 5.38 | 0.973 | 16.76 | 18.13 | 0.275 | 6.53 | 7.34 | 0.266 |
| New Hampshire | 7.50 | 7.49 | 0.986 | 5.09 | 5.24 | 0.796 | 19.31 | 18.73 | 0.643 | 5.98 | 5.97 | 0.984 |
| New Jersey | 6.61 | 6.40 | 0.626 | 3.71 | 3.92 | 0.637 | 15.87 | 14.52 | 0.173 | 5.54 | 5.45 | 0.865 |
| New Mexico | 8.64b | 7.66 | 0.058 | 6.64b | 5.45 | 0.060 | 18.71a | 16.23 | 0.049 | 7.05 | 6.37 | 0.294 |
| New York | 7.88 | 7.35 | 0.105 | 5.31 | 4.97 | 0.367 | 18.10a | 16.60 | 0.047 | 6.36 | 5.99 | 0.371 |
| North Carolina | 6.27 | 6.27 | 0.998 | 3.40 | 3.62 | 0.630 | 14.65 | 13.80 | 0.409 | 5.28 | 5.34 | 0.901 |
| North Dakota | 8.38 | 8.37 | 0.982 | 5.29 | 4.55 | 0.168 | 20.61 | 19.76 | 0.469 | 6.03 | 6.18 | 0.778 |
| Ohio | 7.62 | 7.37 | 0.393 | 5.19 | 4.64 | 0.106 | 17.80 | 16.92 | 0.191 | 6.26 | 6.15 | 0.765 |
| Oklahoma | 7.55 | 7.69 | 0.754 | 4.96 | 4.76 | 0.695 | 16.78 | 16.32 | 0.698 | 6.21 | 6.48 | 0.632 |
| Oregon | 8.54 | 7.98 | 0.311 | 6.33a | 5.13 | 0.043 | 18.71b | 16.52 | 0.051 | 7.22 | 6.93 | 0.675 |
| Pennsylvania | 6.91 | 6.84 | 0.846 | 4.21 | 4.16 | 0.862 | 17.07 | 16.58 | 0.528 | 5.56 | 5.55 | 0.984 |
| Rhode Island | 8.26 | 8.75 | 0.382 | 4.86 | 4.59 | 0.604 | 18.03 | 18.09 | 0.956 | 6.84 | 7.48 | 0.347 |
| South Carolina | 7.90 | 8.05 | 0.776 | 3.98 | 3.88 | 0.838 | 16.24 | 14.50 | 0.115 | 7.03 | 7.49 | 0.471 |
| South Dakota | 9.68 | 9.14 | 0.393 | 6.74 | 6.44 | 0.678 | 23.35a | 20.26 | 0.035 | 7.59 | 7.44 | 0.844 |
| Tennessee | 6.18 | 6.39 | 0.647 | 3.28 | 3.70 | 0.322 | 14.18 | 14.00 | 0.859 | 5.30 | 5.51 | 0.711 |
| Texas | 6.98 | 6.91 | 0.837 | 4.63 | 4.58 | 0.885 | 14.76 | 14.74 | 0.983 | 5.85 | 5.76 | 0.806 |
| Utah | 6.07 | 5.71 | 0.404 | 3.31 | 4.00 | 0.218 | 12.42 | 11.53 | 0.376 | 4.96 | 4.58 | 0.479 |
| Vermont | 7.84 | 7.97 | 0.798 | 4.92 | 4.85 | 0.900 | 20.15 | 19.85 | 0.810 | 6.16 | 6.25 | 0.872 |
| Virginia | 8.04 | 8.12 | 0.877 | 5.07 | 5.02 | 0.926 | 19.44 | 18.83 | 0.601 | 6.47 | 6.63 | 0.803 |
| Washington | 7.08 | 6.40 | 0.123 | 4.74 | 4.29 | 0.370 | 16.26 | 15.16 | 0.334 | 5.88 | 5.22 | 0.219 |
| West Virginia | 6.54 | 6.06 | 0.257 | 4.45 | 4.25 | 0.673 | 15.43 | 14.16 | 0.247 | 5.48 | 5.02 | 0.371 |
| Wisconsin | 8.06 | 7.53 | 0.271 | 5.43b | 4.53 | 0.078 | 19.67a | 16.81 | 0.013 | 6.43 | 6.27 | 0.791 |
| Wyoming | 8.51 | 7.86 | 0.194 | 6.96b | 5.86 | 0.063 | 19.54 | 17.94 | 0.198 | 6.75 | 6.26 | 0.436 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Dependence is based on the definition found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.54 | 3.42 | 0.146 | 1.92 | 1.81 | 0.214 | 6.96a | 6.58 | 0.035 | 3.16 | 3.07 | 0.395 |
| Northeast | 3.53 | 3.37 | 0.253 | 1.96 | 1.84 | 0.324 | 7.51b | 6.99 | 0.054 | 3.05 | 2.95 | 0.554 |
| Midwest | 3.51 | 3.38 | 0.207 | 1.96a | 1.76 | 0.049 | 7.54a | 7.01 | 0.021 | 3.02 | 2.95 | 0.611 |
| South | 3.44b | 3.23 | 0.067 | 1.73 | 1.65 | 0.454 | 6.37b | 5.98 | 0.062 | 3.16 | 2.96 | 0.162 |
| West | 3.74 | 3.79 | 0.742 | 2.13 | 2.07 | 0.738 | 6.89 | 6.80 | 0.752 | 3.39 | 3.47 | 0.667 |
| Alabama | 3.17 | 3.21 | 0.883 | 1.75 | 1.57 | 0.378 | 6.31 | 5.82 | 0.357 | 2.81 | 2.97 | 0.684 |
| Alaska | 3.88 | 3.73 | 0.656 | 1.80 | 1.68 | 0.669 | 6.85 | 6.33 | 0.419 | 3.63 | 3.51 | 0.782 |
| Arizona | 3.50 | 3.83 | 0.348 | 2.03 | 1.95 | 0.791 | 7.40 | 7.42 | 0.977 | 3.04 | 3.46 | 0.327 |
| Arkansas | 3.25 | 3.17 | 0.767 | 1.75 | 1.91 | 0.550 | 6.67 | 6.27 | 0.483 | 2.88 | 2.81 | 0.847 |
| California | 3.83 | 3.99 | 0.503 | 2.17 | 2.15 | 0.941 | 6.54 | 6.58 | 0.931 | 3.55 | 3.75 | 0.503 |
| Colorado | 3.74 | 3.71 | 0.913 | 1.95 | 2.02 | 0.799 | 6.98 | 6.90 | 0.910 | 3.42 | 3.36 | 0.876 |
| Connecticut | 3.48 | 3.24 | 0.426 | 2.06 | 1.93 | 0.641 | 7.27 | 6.74 | 0.390 | 3.06 | 2.84 | 0.542 |
| Delaware | 3.47 | 3.20 | 0.375 | 1.72 | 1.92 | 0.484 | 6.67 | 6.69 | 0.964 | 3.15 | 2.78 | 0.329 |
| District of Columbia | 4.61 | 4.64 | 0.953 | 1.23 | 1.34 | 0.651 | 7.75 | 7.19 | 0.415 | 4.22 | 4.37 | 0.798 |
| Florida | 3.60 | 3.42 | 0.423 | 1.74 | 1.76 | 0.923 | 6.14 | 5.62 | 0.180 | 3.43 | 3.26 | 0.559 |
| Georgia | 3.55a | 2.89 | 0.043 | 1.47 | 1.40 | 0.753 | 6.19 | 5.32 | 0.119 | 3.39b | 2.67 | 0.092 |
| Hawaii | 3.22 | 3.50 | 0.440 | 2.03 | 2.07 | 0.907 | 7.02 | 7.44 | 0.583 | 2.74 | 3.03 | 0.528 |
| Idaho | 3.25 | 3.48 | 0.420 | 2.11 | 1.93 | 0.470 | 7.04 | 7.21 | 0.797 | 2.75 | 3.02 | 0.450 |
| Illinois | 3.66 | 3.34 | 0.128 | 1.67 | 1.57 | 0.556 | 7.94 | 7.57 | 0.424 | 3.14 | 2.80 | 0.202 |
| Indiana | 3.31 | 3.22 | 0.750 | 2.21 | 1.90 | 0.253 | 7.61 | 7.32 | 0.684 | 2.73 | 2.69 | 0.893 |
| Iowa | 3.41 | 3.42 | 0.979 | 2.41 | 2.13 | 0.367 | 7.01 | 7.67 | 0.363 | 2.90 | 2.81 | 0.810 |
| Kansas | 3.40 | 3.24 | 0.580 | 1.97 | 1.91 | 0.821 | 6.98 | 7.45 | 0.505 | 2.92 | 2.62 | 0.400 |
| Kentucky | 3.03 | 2.88 | 0.616 | 1.75 | 1.61 | 0.570 | 6.02 | 5.76 | 0.663 | 2.71 | 2.58 | 0.701 |
| Louisiana | 3.55 | 3.13 | 0.156 | 1.49 | 1.47 | 0.934 | 6.32 | 5.88 | 0.398 | 3.30 | 2.83 | 0.221 |
| Maine | 3.25 | 2.99 | 0.380 | 1.71 | 1.58 | 0.599 | 6.87 | 6.43 | 0.436 | 2.92 | 2.65 | 0.470 |
| Maryland | 3.67 | 3.34 | 0.316 | 1.68 | 1.52 | 0.493 | 6.50 | 5.77 | 0.228 | 3.45 | 3.16 | 0.486 |
| Massachusetts | 3.62 | 3.64 | 0.943 | 2.04 | 1.95 | 0.767 | 7.96 | 7.82 | 0.844 | 3.03 | 3.09 | 0.872 |
| Michigan | 3.43 | 3.66 | 0.300 | 1.94 | 1.73 | 0.215 | 6.85a | 6.05 | 0.046 | 3.04 | 3.49 | 0.104 |
| Minnesota | 4.17 | 3.82 | 0.296 | 1.98 | 1.96 | 0.937 | 7.72 | 7.46 | 0.704 | 3.84 | 3.42 | 0.331 |
| Mississippi | 3.35 | 3.15 | 0.510 | 1.59 | 1.41 | 0.415 | 6.21 | 5.93 | 0.629 | 3.07 | 2.88 | 0.611 |
| Missouri | 3.29 | 3.14 | 0.598 | 1.91 | 1.74 | 0.513 | 6.67 | 6.05 | 0.308 | 2.90 | 2.82 | 0.819 |
| Montana | 3.99 | 3.71 | 0.424 | 2.60 | 2.54 | 0.889 | 10.69 | 9.76 | 0.298 | 3.03 | 2.79 | 0.572 |
| Nebraska | 3.54 | 3.16 | 0.186 | 2.10 | 1.70 | 0.131 | 7.42 | 6.54 | 0.150 | 2.99 | 2.70 | 0.406 |
| Nevada | 3.61 | 3.71 | 0.735 | 2.21 | 2.01 | 0.495 | 6.84 | 7.77 | 0.176 | 3.30 | 3.30 | 1.000 |
| New Hampshire | 3.41 | 3.31 | 0.757 | 2.36 | 2.11 | 0.439 | 8.32 | 7.39 | 0.183 | 2.78 | 2.80 | 0.960 |
| New Jersey | 3.09 | 3.05 | 0.896 | 1.76 | 1.63 | 0.582 | 6.03 | 5.91 | 0.825 | 2.80 | 2.78 | 0.962 |
| New Mexico | 4.16 | 3.93 | 0.507 | 2.41 | 2.22 | 0.563 | 8.37 | 7.62 | 0.334 | 3.62 | 3.48 | 0.747 |
| New York | 3.86 | 3.62 | 0.299 | 2.24 | 2.05 | 0.451 | 8.36b | 7.48 | 0.066 | 3.24 | 3.12 | 0.674 |
| North Carolina | 3.52 | 3.15 | 0.219 | 1.49 | 1.53 | 0.861 | 6.50 | 5.77 | 0.178 | 3.29 | 2.91 | 0.319 |
| North Dakota | 3.36 | 3.64 | 0.310 | 2.13 | 1.85 | 0.325 | 7.67 | 7.91 | 0.739 | 2.55 | 2.86 | 0.349 |
| Ohio | 3.35 | 3.18 | 0.401 | 1.93 | 1.65 | 0.128 | 7.80a | 6.97 | 0.035 | 2.80 | 2.76 | 0.868 |
| Oklahoma | 3.28 | 3.11 | 0.533 | 1.88 | 1.67 | 0.393 | 7.33 | 6.69 | 0.350 | 2.72 | 2.63 | 0.786 |
| Oregon | 4.25 | 4.09 | 0.676 | 2.18 | 2.09 | 0.771 | 7.70 | 6.68 | 0.112 | 3.95 | 3.90 | 0.918 |
| Pennsylvania | 3.26 | 3.10 | 0.482 | 1.62 | 1.56 | 0.744 | 6.84 | 6.46 | 0.402 | 2.87 | 2.73 | 0.612 |
| Rhode Island | 4.27 | 3.94 | 0.365 | 1.75 | 1.87 | 0.648 | 7.60 | 7.32 | 0.690 | 3.94 | 3.54 | 0.376 |
| South Carolina | 4.09 | 3.97 | 0.731 | 1.56 | 1.41 | 0.563 | 6.43b | 5.42 | 0.069 | 4.02 | 4.03 | 0.980 |
| South Dakota | 3.68 | 3.69 | 0.966 | 2.17 | 2.35 | 0.596 | 9.13 | 7.96 | 0.136 | 2.89 | 3.08 | 0.647 |
| Tennessee | 3.29 | 3.21 | 0.775 | 1.63 | 1.54 | 0.674 | 6.62 | 5.71 | 0.118 | 2.98 | 3.01 | 0.935 |
| Texas | 3.17 | 3.14 | 0.900 | 1.92 | 1.82 | 0.619 | 5.83 | 6.03 | 0.637 | 2.85 | 2.79 | 0.795 |
| Utah | 3.25 | 2.94 | 0.220 | 1.81 | 1.88 | 0.820 | 5.90 | 5.44 | 0.442 | 2.83 | 2.50 | 0.325 |
| Vermont | 3.84 | 3.74 | 0.768 | 1.93 | 1.85 | 0.778 | 7.46 | 7.19 | 0.707 | 3.46 | 3.35 | 0.783 |
| Virginia | 3.63 | 3.34 | 0.353 | 1.91 | 1.81 | 0.710 | 7.85 | 7.87 | 0.978 | 3.12 | 2.74 | 0.319 |
| Washington | 3.48 | 3.06 | 0.165 | 2.07 | 1.83 | 0.431 | 7.44 | 6.85 | 0.365 | 3.02 | 2.59 | 0.261 |
| West Virginia | 3.37 | 3.17 | 0.540 | 2.03 | 1.74 | 0.282 | 6.62 | 6.12 | 0.426 | 3.04 | 2.88 | 0.674 |
| Wisconsin | 3.62 | 3.42 | 0.537 | 2.12 | 1.78 | 0.186 | 8.25a | 6.94 | 0.046 | 3.03 | 3.01 | 0.955 |
| Wyoming | 3.48 | 3.58 | 0.733 | 2.50 | 2.14 | 0.269 | 7.93 | 7.96 | 0.966 | 2.81 | 2.95 | 0.709 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 2.82 | 2.82 | 0.938 | 4.47 | 4.52 | 0.715 | 7.80 | 7.80 | 0.987 | 1.74 | 1.74 | 0.971 |
| Northeast | 3.02 | 2.94 | 0.384 | 4.33 | 4.54 | 0.340 | 9.03 | 8.78 | 0.431 | 1.84 | 1.76 | 0.437 |
| Midwest | 2.64 | 2.68 | 0.607 | 4.57 | 4.41 | 0.386 | 7.32 | 7.53 | 0.358 | 1.58 | 1.61 | 0.733 |
| South | 2.74 | 2.70 | 0.593 | 4.20 | 4.21 | 0.912 | 7.32 | 7.15 | 0.442 | 1.78 | 1.74 | 0.682 |
| West | 2.95 | 3.06 | 0.279 | 4.91 | 5.07 | 0.513 | 8.01 | 8.28 | 0.424 | 1.76 | 1.85 | 0.487 |
| Alabama | 2.74 | 2.68 | 0.762 | 4.18 | 3.94 | 0.633 | 7.29 | 6.81 | 0.509 | 1.79 | 1.81 | 0.910 |
| Alaska | 2.94 | 2.79 | 0.421 | 4.35 | 4.48 | 0.823 | 7.67 | 7.19 | 0.516 | 1.84 | 1.68 | 0.452 |
| Arizona | 2.98 | 3.06 | 0.721 | 4.53 | 4.87 | 0.596 | 8.53 | 8.15 | 0.655 | 1.83 | 1.96 | 0.595 |
| Arkansas | 2.86 | 2.63 | 0.253 | 4.66 | 4.25 | 0.457 | 7.17 | 6.52 | 0.330 | 1.93 | 1.78 | 0.533 |
| California | 2.94 | 3.15 | 0.185 | 4.96 | 5.11 | 0.710 | 7.80 | 8.20 | 0.425 | 1.73 | 1.92 | 0.292 |
| Colorado | 2.96 | 3.19 | 0.317 | 5.65 | 6.25 | 0.346 | 8.48 | 9.38 | 0.324 | 1.71 | 1.76 | 0.842 |
| Connecticut | 2.94 | 2.91 | 0.891 | 4.38 | 4.42 | 0.929 | 9.18 | 9.05 | 0.879 | 1.77 | 1.72 | 0.842 |
| Delaware | 2.87 | 2.77 | 0.606 | 4.61 | 4.89 | 0.620 | 8.86 | 8.33 | 0.474 | 1.66 | 1.60 | 0.793 |
| District of Columbia | 4.37 | 3.85 | 0.150 | 3.84 | 3.76 | 0.898 | 8.84a | 7.10 | 0.044 | 3.42 | 3.15 | 0.519 |
| Florida | 2.71 | 2.71 | 0.994 | 4.30 | 4.33 | 0.921 | 7.24 | 7.39 | 0.760 | 1.87 | 1.83 | 0.846 |
| Georgia | 2.55 | 2.22 | 0.106 | 3.80 | 3.86 | 0.908 | 7.01b | 5.80 | 0.079 | 1.62 | 1.37 | 0.309 |
| Hawaii | 2.93 | 2.57 | 0.211 | 3.95 | 4.07 | 0.843 | 7.50 | 7.40 | 0.901 | 2.08 | 1.65 | 0.167 |
| Idaho | 3.03 | 3.14 | 0.632 | 5.08 | 4.56 | 0.397 | 7.79 | 8.30 | 0.536 | 1.91 | 2.00 | 0.700 |
| Illinois | 2.61 | 2.67 | 0.639 | 4.47 | 4.32 | 0.658 | 7.12b | 7.99 | 0.068 | 1.54 | 1.50 | 0.804 |
| Indiana | 3.05 | 2.98 | 0.740 | 5.10 | 4.21 | 0.118 | 7.91 | 8.04 | 0.873 | 1.96 | 1.94 | 0.930 |
| Iowa | 1.89 | 2.09 | 0.296 | 4.18 | 4.85 | 0.273 | 5.42 | 5.48 | 0.928 | 0.98 | 1.14 | 0.450 |
| Kansas | 2.29 | 2.52 | 0.219 | 4.08 | 3.93 | 0.779 | 6.58 | 7.41 | 0.266 | 1.25 | 1.40 | 0.449 |
| Kentucky | 3.24a | 2.68 | 0.008 | 4.24 | 4.71 | 0.411 | 9.28b | 7.83 | 0.063 | 2.17a | 1.62 | 0.016 |
| Louisiana | 2.91 | 2.70 | 0.324 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 0.999 | 7.71 | 7.29 | 0.530 | 1.87 | 1.68 | 0.440 |
| Maine | 2.88 | 2.60 | 0.144 | 4.47 | 3.99 | 0.348 | 9.83 | 9.75 | 0.928 | 1.74 | 1.43 | 0.120 |
| Maryland | 2.79 | 2.95 | 0.478 | 3.83 | 3.93 | 0.854 | 7.98 | 8.45 | 0.559 | 1.77 | 1.90 | 0.631 |
| Massachusetts | 3.48 | 3.31 | 0.484 | 4.43 | 5.27 | 0.177 | 9.86 | 9.24 | 0.494 | 2.23 | 2.04 | 0.428 |
| Michigan | 2.99b | 2.75 | 0.093 | 4.67 | 4.40 | 0.456 | 8.20 | 7.62 | 0.207 | 1.89 | 1.70 | 0.255 |
| Minnesota | 2.37 | 2.49 | 0.513 | 4.33 | 4.15 | 0.753 | 6.69 | 7.37 | 0.342 | 1.39 | 1.45 | 0.749 |
| Mississippi | 2.51a | 2.98 | 0.036 | 3.84 | 3.97 | 0.773 | 6.93 | 7.45 | 0.464 | 1.51b | 2.01 | 0.067 |
| Missouri | 2.51 | 2.67 | 0.370 | 4.37 | 4.18 | 0.726 | 7.41 | 7.87 | 0.556 | 1.46 | 1.61 | 0.461 |
| Montana | 2.74 | 2.70 | 0.872 | 4.50 | 4.97 | 0.416 | 8.14 | 7.99 | 0.848 | 1.62 | 1.52 | 0.624 |
| Nebraska | 2.05 | 2.24 | 0.351 | 4.51 | 3.90 | 0.272 | 5.49 | 5.64 | 0.821 | 1.07 | 1.37 | 0.197 |
| Nevada | 3.46a | 2.90 | 0.025 | 4.97 | 4.37 | 0.390 | 8.89a | 7.04 | 0.021 | 2.46 | 2.08 | 0.183 |
| New Hampshire | 3.41 | 3.41 | 0.995 | 5.28 | 6.49 | 0.117 | 10.04 | 10.58 | 0.555 | 2.17 | 1.92 | 0.352 |
| New Jersey | 2.49 | 2.59 | 0.616 | 4.11 | 3.93 | 0.722 | 7.30 | 7.75 | 0.571 | 1.54 | 1.63 | 0.693 |
| New Mexico | 3.07 | 3.17 | 0.639 | 5.91 | 6.80 | 0.217 | 8.33 | 8.31 | 0.982 | 1.72 | 1.76 | 0.859 |
| New York | 3.14 | 2.99 | 0.335 | 4.31 | 4.49 | 0.630 | 9.66 | 8.97 | 0.199 | 1.83 | 1.75 | 0.679 |
| North Carolina | 2.49 | 2.76 | 0.170 | 4.21 | 4.10 | 0.823 | 6.90 | 7.75 | 0.280 | 1.56 | 1.77 | 0.353 |
| North Dakota | 2.24 | 2.03 | 0.273 | 4.33 | 3.88 | 0.380 | 6.28b | 5.24 | 0.084 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 0.961 |
| Ohio | 2.80 | 2.85 | 0.730 | 4.64 | 4.57 | 0.856 | 8.00 | 8.03 | 0.942 | 1.71 | 1.79 | 0.660 |
| Oklahoma | 3.05 | 3.09 | 0.844 | 4.70 | 4.83 | 0.820 | 7.55 | 8.06 | 0.497 | 2.02 | 1.95 | 0.762 |
| Oregon | 3.43 | 3.18 | 0.301 | 4.81 | 5.53 | 0.256 | 9.54 | 9.14 | 0.648 | 2.32 | 1.95 | 0.175 |
| Pennsylvania | 2.85 | 2.83 | 0.916 | 4.30 | 4.50 | 0.586 | 8.18 | 8.24 | 0.908 | 1.80 | 1.75 | 0.765 |
| Rhode Island | 4.14a | 3.42 | 0.009 | 4.81 | 5.14 | 0.596 | 10.79 | 10.35 | 0.636 | 2.82a | 1.91 | 0.002 |
| South Carolina | 3.00 | 2.84 | 0.508 | 4.10 | 4.02 | 0.886 | 7.16 | 7.03 | 0.859 | 2.18 | 2.01 | 0.520 |
| South Dakota | 2.61 | 2.38 | 0.206 | 4.94 | 4.93 | 0.977 | 7.07b | 5.91 | 0.081 | 1.50 | 1.42 | 0.659 |
| Tennessee | 2.33 | 2.60 | 0.209 | 3.75 | 4.05 | 0.562 | 6.40 | 6.52 | 0.868 | 1.53 | 1.81 | 0.265 |
| Texas | 2.73 | 2.62 | 0.450 | 4.43 | 4.35 | 0.802 | 7.04 | 6.57 | 0.306 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 0.753 |
| Utah | 2.95 | 2.97 | 0.945 | 4.60 | 4.73 | 0.812 | 7.48 | 7.24 | 0.712 | 1.54 | 1.62 | 0.749 |
| Vermont | 3.07 | 3.17 | 0.615 | 4.16 | 4.52 | 0.510 | 10.12 | 10.97 | 0.360 | 1.79 | 1.68 | 0.575 |
| Virginia | 2.77 | 2.86 | 0.663 | 4.32 | 4.65 | 0.547 | 7.79 | 8.06 | 0.729 | 1.73 | 1.74 | 0.960 |
| Washington | 2.48 | 2.72 | 0.253 | 4.52 | 4.25 | 0.604 | 7.79 | 9.03 | 0.118 | 1.38 | 1.51 | 0.561 |
| West Virginia | 3.18a | 2.70 | 0.050 | 4.13 | 3.47 | 0.212 | 8.62 | 8.79 | 0.851 | 2.30a | 1.70 | 0.025 |
| Wisconsin | 2.48 | 2.70 | 0.310 | 4.71 | 5.16 | 0.417 | 7.03 | 6.96 | 0.919 | 1.44 | 1.65 | 0.372 |
| Wyoming | 2.33 | 2.31 | 0.918 | 4.91 | 4.99 | 0.896 | 6.61 | 6.02 | 0.343 | 1.24 | 1.30 | 0.799 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Dependence is based on the definition found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 1.95 | 1.93 | 0.700 | 2.46 | 2.44 | 0.823 | 5.56 | 5.43 | 0.380 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 0.940 |
| Northeast | 2.24 | 2.13 | 0.237 | 2.52 | 2.51 | 0.946 | 6.70 | 6.41 | 0.287 | 1.45 | 1.36 | 0.425 |
| Midwest | 1.81 | 1.85 | 0.641 | 2.46 | 2.37 | 0.530 | 5.16 | 5.14 | 0.903 | 1.15 | 1.21 | 0.539 |
| South | 1.82 | 1.82 | 0.921 | 2.25 | 2.27 | 0.919 | 5.10 | 4.93 | 0.389 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 0.914 |
| West | 2.04 | 2.02 | 0.792 | 2.72 | 2.70 | 0.903 | 5.76 | 5.70 | 0.827 | 1.27 | 1.26 | 0.875 |
| Alabama | 1.94 | 1.78 | 0.308 | 2.29 | 2.11 | 0.543 | 5.39 | 4.85 | 0.337 | 1.31 | 1.20 | 0.590 |
| Alaska | 1.90 | 1.93 | 0.876 | 2.32 | 2.61 | 0.470 | 5.23 | 4.85 | 0.491 | 1.21 | 1.26 | 0.824 |
| Arizona | 2.08 | 1.94 | 0.451 | 2.52 | 2.63 | 0.786 | 6.46 | 5.63 | 0.219 | 1.28 | 1.23 | 0.805 |
| Arkansas | 2.05 | 1.86 | 0.265 | 2.52 | 2.36 | 0.649 | 5.19 | 4.45 | 0.163 | 1.48 | 1.37 | 0.600 |
| California | 2.04 | 2.05 | 0.922 | 2.69 | 2.62 | 0.787 | 5.69 | 5.76 | 0.880 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 0.876 |
| Colorado | 1.87 | 1.84 | 0.876 | 3.04 | 3.49 | 0.277 | 5.37 | 5.04 | 0.572 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 0.803 |
| Connecticut | 1.87 | 2.02 | 0.447 | 2.56 | 2.40 | 0.635 | 5.86 | 6.01 | 0.813 | 1.15 | 1.32 | 0.463 |
| Delaware | 2.01 | 2.09 | 0.632 | 2.42 | 2.90 | 0.238 | 6.49 | 6.72 | 0.726 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 0.905 |
| District of Columbia | 3.04b | 2.55 | 0.094 | 2.04 | 2.09 | 0.891 | 6.56a | 4.70 | 0.004 | 2.34 | 2.12 | 0.552 |
| Florida | 1.76 | 1.66 | 0.416 | 2.18 | 2.21 | 0.894 | 5.01 | 4.92 | 0.826 | 1.24 | 1.11 | 0.399 |
| Georgia | 1.61 | 1.45 | 0.317 | 2.03 | 2.11 | 0.827 | 4.37b | 3.48 | 0.069 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 0.700 |
| Hawaii | 1.88b | 1.55 | 0.062 | 2.38 | 2.04 | 0.402 | 4.93 | 4.56 | 0.487 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 0.136 |
| Idaho | 2.19 | 2.18 | 0.971 | 3.17 | 2.80 | 0.374 | 5.44 | 5.80 | 0.565 | 1.48 | 1.44 | 0.858 |
| Illinois | 1.73 | 1.87 | 0.253 | 2.12 | 2.20 | 0.802 | 4.92b | 5.67 | 0.054 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 0.759 |
| Indiana | 2.12 | 2.08 | 0.842 | 2.80 | 2.45 | 0.325 | 5.73 | 5.66 | 0.913 | 1.42 | 1.41 | 0.972 |
| Iowa | 1.23 | 1.41 | 0.218 | 2.37 | 2.84 | 0.220 | 3.41 | 3.42 | 0.975 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.309 |
| Kansas | 1.50 | 1.63 | 0.388 | 2.29 | 2.12 | 0.635 | 4.29 | 4.46 | 0.741 | 0.88 | 1.03 | 0.422 |
| Kentucky | 2.35a | 1.99 | 0.047 | 2.36 | 2.36 | 0.998 | 7.19 | 6.13 | 0.123 | 1.60 | 1.29 | 0.156 |
| Louisiana | 2.18 | 1.99 | 0.270 | 2.13 | 2.28 | 0.672 | 5.90 | 5.25 | 0.250 | 1.47 | 1.33 | 0.501 |
| Maine | 2.15 | 2.05 | 0.526 | 2.52 | 2.36 | 0.610 | 7.53 | 7.69 | 0.821 | 1.36 | 1.21 | 0.415 |
| Maryland | 2.03 | 2.12 | 0.652 | 2.16 | 2.18 | 0.947 | 5.88 | 6.04 | 0.789 | 1.36 | 1.45 | 0.718 |
| Massachusetts | 2.51 | 2.38 | 0.512 | 2.65 | 2.98 | 0.406 | 6.96 | 6.87 | 0.901 | 1.71 | 1.52 | 0.426 |
| Michigan | 2.06 | 1.88 | 0.127 | 2.70 | 2.33 | 0.150 | 5.92 | 5.46 | 0.254 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 0.430 |
| Minnesota | 1.54 | 1.51 | 0.829 | 2.26 | 2.17 | 0.780 | 4.51 | 4.09 | 0.396 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.802 |
| Mississippi | 1.70 | 2.03 | 0.103 | 2.16 | 2.10 | 0.845 | 4.81 | 5.10 | 0.616 | 1.06 | 1.44 | 0.132 |
| Missouri | 1.83 | 1.88 | 0.750 | 2.59 | 2.36 | 0.508 | 5.57 | 5.57 | 0.997 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 0.676 |
| Montana | 1.90 | 1.92 | 0.878 | 2.40 | 2.52 | 0.731 | 5.46 | 5.51 | 0.947 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 0.951 |
| Nebraska | 1.40 | 1.60 | 0.252 | 2.64 | 2.39 | 0.476 | 3.60 | 3.79 | 0.673 | 0.82 | 1.08 | 0.234 |
| Nevada | 2.12 | 1.87 | 0.185 | 2.96 | 2.60 | 0.380 | 5.88b | 4.86 | 0.091 | 1.45 | 1.31 | 0.550 |
| New Hampshire | 2.53 | 2.35 | 0.378 | 3.20 | 3.38 | 0.709 | 7.04 | 7.28 | 0.755 | 1.75 | 1.45 | 0.189 |
| New Jersey | 1.95 | 1.79 | 0.330 | 2.42 | 2.04 | 0.248 | 5.72 | 5.52 | 0.732 | 1.31 | 1.18 | 0.526 |
| New Mexico | 2.13 | 1.98 | 0.397 | 3.12 | 3.53 | 0.386 | 6.07 | 5.80 | 0.675 | 1.28 | 1.08 | 0.321 |
| New York | 2.38 | 2.22 | 0.296 | 2.51 | 2.44 | 0.804 | 7.34 | 6.59 | 0.109 | 1.47 | 1.42 | 0.776 |
| North Carolina | 1.62b | 1.95 | 0.055 | 2.35 | 2.30 | 0.887 | 4.81 | 5.65 | 0.147 | 1.02 | 1.29 | 0.185 |
| North Dakota | 1.44 | 1.47 | 0.858 | 2.34 | 2.28 | 0.839 | 4.07 | 3.57 | 0.293 | 0.74 | 0.88 | 0.413 |
| Ohio | 2.04 | 2.04 | 0.960 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 0.999 | 5.84 | 5.64 | 0.586 | 1.36 | 1.41 | 0.782 |
| Oklahoma | 1.94 | 1.99 | 0.752 | 2.66 | 2.50 | 0.630 | 4.89 | 5.10 | 0.707 | 1.31 | 1.35 | 0.832 |
| Oregon | 2.69 | 2.32 | 0.104 | 2.95 | 2.99 | 0.926 | 7.33 | 6.82 | 0.486 | 1.94 | 1.53 | 0.114 |
| Pennsylvania | 2.08 | 2.08 | 0.954 | 2.44 | 2.59 | 0.545 | 6.10 | 6.19 | 0.838 | 1.38 | 1.34 | 0.774 |
| Rhode Island | 3.04a | 2.42 | 0.010 | 2.74 | 3.18 | 0.307 | 7.95 | 7.03 | 0.201 | 2.15a | 1.47 | 0.016 |
| South Carolina | 1.79 | 1.76 | 0.909 | 1.98 | 1.93 | 0.846 | 4.84 | 4.54 | 0.566 | 1.26 | 1.28 | 0.924 |
| South Dakota | 1.58 | 1.61 | 0.880 | 2.37 | 2.80 | 0.298 | 4.61 | 3.88 | 0.151 | 0.94 | 1.04 | 0.549 |
| Tennessee | 1.45b | 1.75 | 0.096 | 2.09 | 2.05 | 0.891 | 4.14 | 4.48 | 0.513 | 0.97 | 1.28 | 0.144 |
| Texas | 1.79 | 1.77 | 0.872 | 2.31 | 2.38 | 0.749 | 4.99 | 4.60 | 0.296 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 0.822 |
| Utah | 1.79 | 1.99 | 0.199 | 2.33 | 2.45 | 0.708 | 4.76 | 4.79 | 0.948 | 0.95 | 1.22 | 0.174 |
| Vermont | 2.06 | 2.28 | 0.213 | 2.26 | 2.51 | 0.489 | 6.79 | 7.82 | 0.164 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 0.851 |
| Virginia | 1.79 | 1.94 | 0.401 | 2.43 | 2.50 | 0.831 | 4.94 | 5.31 | 0.526 | 1.18 | 1.29 | 0.604 |
| Washington | 1.87 | 2.03 | 0.320 | 2.77 | 2.57 | 0.560 | 5.74 | 6.52 | 0.204 | 1.13 | 1.23 | 0.607 |
| West Virginia | 2.45 | 2.18 | 0.230 | 2.52 | 2.13 | 0.280 | 6.71 | 7.50 | 0.335 | 1.83b | 1.38 | 0.073 |
| Wisconsin | 1.68 | 1.84 | 0.411 | 2.64 | 2.71 | 0.820 | 4.83 | 4.54 | 0.573 | 1.04 | 1.26 | 0.334 |
| Wyoming | 1.43 | 1.55 | 0.449 | 2.78 | 2.68 | 0.794 | 4.01 | 3.76 | 0.614 | 0.80 | 1.01 | 0.287 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 8.98 | 8.87 | 0.423 | 7.37 | 7.20 | 0.324 | 20.54b | 20.04 | 0.077 | 7.19 | 7.14 | 0.776 |
| Northeast | 9.10 | 9.07 | 0.886 | 7.35 | 7.38 | 0.914 | 22.16 | 21.50 | 0.190 | 7.11 | 7.18 | 0.785 |
| Midwest | 9.23 | 8.98 | 0.139 | 7.63a | 7.15 | 0.024 | 21.55a | 20.57 | 0.022 | 7.31 | 7.19 | 0.573 |
| South | 8.47 | 8.31 | 0.333 | 6.63 | 6.55 | 0.740 | 18.96 | 18.66 | 0.475 | 6.94 | 6.76 | 0.389 |
| West | 9.43 | 9.51 | 0.718 | 8.26 | 8.10 | 0.639 | 20.76 | 20.53 | 0.667 | 7.53 | 7.69 | 0.566 |
| Alabama | 8.16 | 8.29 | 0.770 | 6.95 | 6.64 | 0.624 | 17.66 | 17.65 | 0.993 | 6.70 | 6.89 | 0.738 |
| Alaska | 9.55 | 9.14 | 0.399 | 7.29 | 7.16 | 0.866 | 20.55 | 19.22 | 0.285 | 7.82 | 7.43 | 0.529 |
| Arizona | 9.19 | 9.38 | 0.717 | 7.86 | 7.55 | 0.701 | 22.24 | 21.64 | 0.651 | 7.15 | 7.55 | 0.540 |
| Arkansas | 8.29 | 7.86 | 0.350 | 7.62 | 6.65 | 0.159 | 19.14 | 17.52 | 0.156 | 6.61 | 6.42 | 0.726 |
| California | 9.48 | 9.84 | 0.301 | 8.20 | 8.30 | 0.843 | 20.21 | 20.31 | 0.907 | 7.61 | 8.07 | 0.285 |
| Colorado | 10.43 | 10.21 | 0.711 | 9.82 | 9.45 | 0.662 | 24.51 | 23.73 | 0.593 | 8.16 | 7.97 | 0.795 |
| Connecticut | 9.82 | 9.36 | 0.383 | 7.79 | 7.18 | 0.404 | 23.56 | 22.66 | 0.480 | 7.89 | 7.47 | 0.495 |
| Delaware | 9.61 | 8.91 | 0.174 | 7.69 | 7.89 | 0.795 | 23.68 | 22.02 | 0.169 | 7.50 | 6.87 | 0.316 |
| District of Columbia | 11.29 | 12.03 | 0.289 | 5.44 | 5.74 | 0.611 | 21.20 | 20.29 | 0.458 | 9.62 | 10.77 | 0.189 |
| Florida | 8.49 | 8.32 | 0.601 | 6.95 | 6.93 | 0.960 | 18.03 | 17.63 | 0.604 | 7.25 | 7.07 | 0.648 |
| Georgia | 8.53a | 7.49 | 0.028 | 5.83 | 5.86 | 0.965 | 20.05 | 18.31 | 0.121 | 6.94b | 5.83 | 0.059 |
| Hawaii | 8.98 | 8.81 | 0.770 | 8.00 | 8.17 | 0.853 | 19.62 | 20.38 | 0.576 | 7.39 | 7.04 | 0.631 |
| Idaho | 8.87 | 9.66 | 0.106 | 8.15 | 8.02 | 0.871 | 20.05 | 21.40 | 0.286 | 7.00 | 7.75 | 0.218 |
| Illinois | 9.06 | 8.75 | 0.354 | 7.03 | 6.71 | 0.450 | 21.13 | 20.96 | 0.837 | 7.14 | 6.81 | 0.411 |
| Indiana | 8.50 | 8.85 | 0.483 | 7.73b | 6.56 | 0.080 | 20.10 | 19.97 | 0.923 | 6.65 | 7.22 | 0.340 |
| Iowa | 9.29 | 9.17 | 0.804 | 8.24 | 8.06 | 0.807 | 21.45 | 21.82 | 0.758 | 7.27 | 7.02 | 0.676 |
| Kansas | 9.06 | 9.05 | 0.983 | 7.63 | 7.50 | 0.853 | 21.24 | 20.76 | 0.699 | 6.98 | 7.02 | 0.945 |
| Kentucky | 7.97 | 7.66 | 0.498 | 6.23 | 6.58 | 0.613 | 19.31 | 18.23 | 0.337 | 6.40 | 6.10 | 0.589 |
| Louisiana | 8.73 | 8.24 | 0.291 | 5.69 | 5.61 | 0.888 | 19.40 | 19.00 | 0.717 | 7.10 | 6.53 | 0.329 |
| Maine | 8.39 | 7.96 | 0.369 | 6.89 | 6.36 | 0.433 | 21.79 | 20.84 | 0.436 | 6.69 | 6.30 | 0.491 |
| Maryland | 8.53 | 8.17 | 0.472 | 6.06 | 5.64 | 0.489 | 18.66 | 18.57 | 0.938 | 7.13 | 6.73 | 0.507 |
| Massachusetts | 9.64b | 10.75 | 0.058 | 7.43 | 8.46 | 0.181 | 23.82 | 25.05 | 0.368 | 7.38 | 8.48 | 0.126 |
| Michigan | 9.38 | 9.30 | 0.816 | 7.75 | 7.21 | 0.204 | 20.76 | 19.72 | 0.139 | 7.66 | 7.78 | 0.765 |
| Minnesota | 10.12a | 9.05 | 0.042 | 7.66 | 7.04 | 0.388 | 23.35a | 20.70 | 0.047 | 8.17 | 7.29 | 0.168 |
| Mississippi | 7.58 | 7.82 | 0.602 | 5.97 | 6.11 | 0.825 | 16.63 | 17.18 | 0.611 | 6.14 | 6.32 | 0.769 |
| Missouri | 9.00a | 7.98 | 0.022 | 7.27 | 6.84 | 0.535 | 21.26a | 18.48 | 0.026 | 7.21 | 6.35 | 0.102 |
| Montana | 10.60 | 10.63 | 0.962 | 10.48 | 9.95 | 0.542 | 26.74 | 25.89 | 0.543 | 7.92 | 8.05 | 0.855 |
| Nebraska | 9.52 | 9.08 | 0.392 | 7.66b | 6.51 | 0.077 | 21.22 | 20.87 | 0.790 | 7.56 | 7.13 | 0.515 |
| Nevada | 9.57 | 9.85 | 0.626 | 8.76 | 7.89 | 0.292 | 21.01 | 21.29 | 0.826 | 7.98 | 8.34 | 0.603 |
| New Hampshire | 9.73 | 9.79 | 0.916 | 8.82 | 9.86 | 0.271 | 24.80 | 24.04 | 0.562 | 7.54 | 7.53 | 0.987 |
| New Jersey | 8.05 | 7.79 | 0.592 | 6.32 | 6.08 | 0.688 | 19.61 | 18.61 | 0.395 | 6.48 | 6.33 | 0.803 |
| New Mexico | 10.31 | 9.48 | 0.127 | 10.44 | 9.77 | 0.421 | 22.03 | 20.04 | 0.139 | 8.14 | 7.52 | 0.353 |
| New York | 9.52 | 9.14 | 0.293 | 7.89 | 7.76 | 0.795 | 22.92b | 21.45 | 0.079 | 7.30 | 7.13 | 0.696 |
| North Carolina | 7.69 | 7.82 | 0.775 | 5.98 | 5.89 | 0.889 | 17.51 | 17.94 | 0.727 | 6.31 | 6.37 | 0.922 |
| North Dakota | 9.63 | 9.38 | 0.582 | 8.09a | 6.69 | 0.044 | 23.05 | 21.62 | 0.247 | 6.83 | 6.87 | 0.942 |
| Ohio | 9.10 | 9.08 | 0.952 | 7.48 | 7.37 | 0.804 | 21.61 | 21.43 | 0.801 | 7.25 | 7.27 | 0.959 |
| Oklahoma | 9.30 | 9.54 | 0.639 | 7.51 | 7.38 | 0.854 | 20.33 | 20.48 | 0.902 | 7.53 | 7.80 | 0.674 |
| Oregon | 10.09 | 9.67 | 0.484 | 9.12 | 8.79 | 0.695 | 22.18 | 20.54 | 0.178 | 8.33 | 8.03 | 0.680 |
| Pennsylvania | 8.57 | 8.74 | 0.646 | 6.90 | 7.02 | 0.798 | 20.80 | 20.58 | 0.794 | 6.76 | 6.99 | 0.614 |
| Rhode Island | 10.50 | 10.78 | 0.642 | 8.05 | 7.59 | 0.539 | 22.69 | 23.07 | 0.775 | 8.51 | 8.84 | 0.656 |
| South Carolina | 9.34 | 9.45 | 0.833 | 6.24 | 6.33 | 0.884 | 19.23 | 18.62 | 0.599 | 8.10 | 8.31 | 0.758 |
| South Dakota | 10.77 | 10.25 | 0.368 | 9.31 | 8.74 | 0.501 | 25.57a | 22.38 | 0.018 | 8.30 | 8.22 | 0.918 |
| Tennessee | 7.61 | 8.06 | 0.328 | 5.31 | 6.05 | 0.255 | 17.74 | 18.33 | 0.623 | 6.33 | 6.69 | 0.539 |
| Texas | 8.49 | 8.26 | 0.474 | 7.26 | 6.92 | 0.423 | 18.60 | 18.49 | 0.889 | 6.76 | 6.50 | 0.521 |
| Utah | 8.02 | 7.43 | 0.216 | 6.14 | 6.17 | 0.966 | 16.71 | 16.33 | 0.742 | 6.17 | 5.45 | 0.238 |
| Vermont | 9.39 | 9.87 | 0.377 | 7.41 | 8.02 | 0.453 | 24.90 | 25.59 | 0.612 | 7.09 | 7.36 | 0.672 |
| Virginia | 9.38 | 9.63 | 0.612 | 7.28 | 7.65 | 0.634 | 23.02 | 23.09 | 0.961 | 7.32 | 7.52 | 0.731 |
| Washington | 8.49 | 7.90 | 0.214 | 7.31 | 6.42 | 0.181 | 20.19 | 19.63 | 0.646 | 6.75 | 6.16 | 0.308 |
| West Virginia | 8.32 | 7.69 | 0.169 | 6.75 | 6.16 | 0.349 | 19.72 | 18.90 | 0.503 | 6.85 | 6.16 | 0.217 |
| Wisconsin | 9.54 | 9.50 | 0.948 | 8.78 | 8.21 | 0.427 | 23.57a | 20.88 | 0.035 | 7.26 | 7.67 | 0.536 |
| Wyoming | 9.28 | 8.77 | 0.318 | 9.27 | 8.53 | 0.313 | 21.27 | 19.83 | 0.253 | 7.16 | 6.76 | 0.539 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Needing But Not Receiving Treatment refers to respondents classified as needing treatment for illicit drugs, but not receiving treatment for an illicit drug problem at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facilities [inpatient or outpatient], hospitals [inpatient only], and mental health centers). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 2.54 | 2.53 | 0.873 | 4.18 | 4.21 | 0.774 | 7.16 | 7.14 | 0.907 | 1.53 | 1.52 | 0.806 |
| Northeast | 2.63 | 2.57 | 0.530 | 4.03 | 4.23 | 0.335 | 8.07 | 7.93 | 0.653 | 1.54 | 1.47 | 0.511 |
| Midwest | 2.38 | 2.39 | 0.924 | 4.20 | 4.09 | 0.518 | 6.81 | 6.91 | 0.635 | 1.39 | 1.39 | 0.985 |
| South | 2.48 | 2.41 | 0.389 | 3.95 | 3.94 | 0.930 | 6.75 | 6.57 | 0.449 | 1.58 | 1.51 | 0.479 |
| West | 2.71 | 2.82 | 0.349 | 4.60 | 4.74 | 0.601 | 7.40 | 7.61 | 0.541 | 1.61 | 1.70 | 0.489 |
| Alabama | 2.46 | 2.37 | 0.658 | 3.84 | 3.67 | 0.727 | 6.83 | 6.44 | 0.601 | 1.54 | 1.50 | 0.858 |
| Alaska | 2.90 | 2.74 | 0.508 | 4.11 | 4.19 | 0.885 | 6.98 | 6.49 | 0.513 | 1.95 | 1.79 | 0.559 |
| Arizona | 2.73 | 2.72 | 0.954 | 4.34 | 4.46 | 0.852 | 7.80 | 7.67 | 0.876 | 1.66 | 1.65 | 0.994 |
| Arkansas | 2.65b | 2.28 | 0.065 | 4.45 | 4.02 | 0.418 | 6.88 | 6.04 | 0.212 | 1.73 | 1.44 | 0.195 |
| California | 2.76 | 2.95 | 0.264 | 4.71 | 4.87 | 0.682 | 7.34 | 7.52 | 0.719 | 1.60 | 1.82 | 0.269 |
| Colorado | 2.73 | 2.88 | 0.494 | 5.25 | 5.72 | 0.473 | 8.09 | 8.95 | 0.361 | 1.53 | 1.50 | 0.879 |
| Connecticut | 2.54 | 2.46 | 0.693 | 4.05 | 4.09 | 0.932 | 7.88 | 7.90 | 0.984 | 1.51 | 1.38 | 0.553 |
| Delaware | 2.58 | 2.40 | 0.412 | 4.28 | 4.14 | 0.798 | 7.93 | 7.23 | 0.293 | 1.48 | 1.40 | 0.742 |
| District of Columbia | 3.31b | 2.80 | 0.088 | 3.65 | 3.54 | 0.826 | 8.00a | 6.43 | 0.046 | 2.23 | 1.94 | 0.397 |
| Florida | 2.47 | 2.47 | 0.977 | 4.08 | 4.05 | 0.935 | 6.73 | 6.76 | 0.951 | 1.67 | 1.65 | 0.936 |
| Georgia | 2.35 | 2.04 | 0.150 | 3.61 | 3.57 | 0.937 | 6.49b | 5.20 | 0.079 | 1.47 | 1.29 | 0.421 |
| Hawaii | 2.64 | 2.39 | 0.415 | 3.60 | 3.78 | 0.764 | 6.60 | 7.01 | 0.564 | 1.89 | 1.50 | 0.257 |
| Idaho | 2.84 | 2.85 | 0.977 | 4.71 | 4.39 | 0.585 | 7.31 | 7.70 | 0.640 | 1.79 | 1.75 | 0.872 |
| Illinois | 2.36 | 2.44 | 0.596 | 4.11 | 4.04 | 0.832 | 6.79b | 7.54 | 0.100 | 1.33 | 1.31 | 0.913 |
| Indiana | 2.67 | 2.66 | 0.980 | 4.68 | 3.99 | 0.213 | 7.30 | 7.43 | 0.882 | 1.62 | 1.66 | 0.859 |
| Iowa | 1.83 | 2.00 | 0.371 | 3.80 | 4.60 | 0.135 | 5.17 | 5.28 | 0.857 | 0.99 | 1.09 | 0.627 |
| Kansas | 2.03 | 2.12 | 0.651 | 3.61 | 3.49 | 0.806 | 6.09 | 6.46 | 0.577 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 0.816 |
| Kentucky | 2.95a | 2.45 | 0.023 | 3.97 | 4.27 | 0.579 | 8.35 | 7.23 | 0.139 | 1.98a | 1.47 | 0.031 |
| Louisiana | 2.59 | 2.46 | 0.568 | 3.56 | 3.50 | 0.900 | 6.94 | 6.68 | 0.691 | 1.62 | 1.51 | 0.681 |
| Maine | 2.73 | 2.38 | 0.111 | 4.12 | 3.66 | 0.357 | 8.97 | 8.71 | 0.763 | 1.72 | 1.35 | 0.115 |
| Maryland | 2.42 | 2.55 | 0.560 | 3.54 | 3.77 | 0.615 | 7.22 | 7.81 | 0.435 | 1.47 | 1.51 | 0.859 |
| Massachusetts | 3.04 | 2.92 | 0.581 | 4.21b | 5.24 | 0.098 | 9.04 | 8.64 | 0.651 | 1.85 | 1.64 | 0.376 |
| Michigan | 2.63b | 2.39 | 0.071 | 4.44 | 4.06 | 0.260 | 7.36b | 6.58 | 0.075 | 1.59 | 1.46 | 0.384 |
| Minnesota | 2.17 | 2.29 | 0.534 | 3.78 | 3.87 | 0.844 | 6.10 | 6.89 | 0.260 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 0.978 |
| Mississippi | 2.29b | 2.73 | 0.076 | 3.54 | 3.63 | 0.831 | 6.50 | 7.03 | 0.482 | 1.34 | 1.80 | 0.105 |
| Missouri | 2.33 | 2.47 | 0.516 | 3.99 | 3.85 | 0.774 | 6.83 | 7.16 | 0.648 | 1.38 | 1.50 | 0.591 |
| Montana | 2.46 | 2.42 | 0.831 | 4.24 | 4.65 | 0.455 | 7.19 | 7.23 | 0.952 | 1.46 | 1.32 | 0.522 |
| Nebraska | 1.90 | 1.95 | 0.808 | 4.17 | 3.59 | 0.266 | 5.03 | 5.07 | 0.943 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 0.579 |
| Nevada | 3.10a | 2.50 | 0.011 | 4.82 | 4.02 | 0.217 | 8.38a | 6.52 | 0.019 | 2.09 | 1.69 | 0.129 |
| New Hampshire | 3.04 | 2.88 | 0.567 | 5.06 | 6.11 | 0.161 | 9.19 | 9.58 | 0.645 | 1.85 | 1.45 | 0.152 |
| New Jersey | 2.10 | 2.14 | 0.807 | 3.89 | 3.69 | 0.695 | 6.50 | 6.86 | 0.632 | 1.19 | 1.22 | 0.876 |
| New Mexico | 2.87 | 2.93 | 0.809 | 5.63 | 6.29 | 0.359 | 7.95 | 7.87 | 0.922 | 1.58 | 1.59 | 0.946 |
| New York | 2.80 | 2.73 | 0.636 | 3.96 | 4.07 | 0.759 | 8.76 | 8.29 | 0.369 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 0.961 |
| North Carolina | 2.24 | 2.50 | 0.180 | 3.92 | 3.83 | 0.857 | 6.25 | 7.01 | 0.282 | 1.38 | 1.59 | 0.334 |
| North Dakota | 2.07 | 1.84 | 0.233 | 3.77 | 3.35 | 0.362 | 5.80 | 4.90 | 0.130 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.718 |
| Ohio | 2.58 | 2.48 | 0.463 | 4.32 | 4.18 | 0.697 | 7.64 | 7.42 | 0.605 | 1.54 | 1.46 | 0.649 |
| Oklahoma | 2.73 | 2.64 | 0.708 | 4.35 | 4.47 | 0.816 | 6.59 | 6.93 | 0.637 | 1.81 | 1.62 | 0.439 |
| Oregon | 3.02 | 2.82 | 0.385 | 4.39 | 5.00 | 0.343 | 8.30 | 8.03 | 0.740 | 2.05 | 1.74 | 0.216 |
| Pennsylvania | 2.37 | 2.41 | 0.793 | 4.01 | 4.21 | 0.529 | 7.01 | 7.16 | 0.743 | 1.41 | 1.42 | 0.981 |
| Rhode Island | 3.51a | 2.99 | 0.044 | 4.59 | 4.82 | 0.697 | 9.83 | 9.42 | 0.662 | 2.20a | 1.56 | 0.019 |
| South Carolina | 2.59 | 2.52 | 0.732 | 3.90 | 3.89 | 0.980 | 6.39 | 6.46 | 0.922 | 1.81 | 1.70 | 0.659 |
| South Dakota | 2.24 | 2.07 | 0.359 | 4.29 | 4.38 | 0.868 | 6.32 | 5.54 | 0.231 | 1.24 | 1.15 | 0.664 |
| Tennessee | 2.15 | 2.36 | 0.366 | 3.51 | 3.62 | 0.803 | 5.87 | 6.04 | 0.823 | 1.42 | 1.63 | 0.411 |
| Texas | 2.55 | 2.36 | 0.211 | 4.20 | 4.07 | 0.707 | 6.71 | 6.19 | 0.259 | 1.52 | 1.38 | 0.424 |
| Utah | 2.48 | 2.57 | 0.675 | 4.17 | 4.30 | 0.798 | 6.15 | 6.09 | 0.926 | 1.28 | 1.41 | 0.603 |
| Vermont | 2.84 | 2.72 | 0.586 | 3.92 | 4.20 | 0.614 | 8.94 | 9.52 | 0.509 | 1.72 | 1.38 | 0.139 |
| Virginia | 2.44 | 2.47 | 0.898 | 4.06 | 4.47 | 0.425 | 7.02 | 7.38 | 0.619 | 1.47 | 1.37 | 0.667 |
| Washington | 2.23 | 2.57 | 0.108 | 3.96 | 3.75 | 0.658 | 6.92a | 8.38 | 0.049 | 1.26 | 1.48 | 0.354 |
| West Virginia | 2.89a | 2.31 | 0.031 | 3.92 | 3.24 | 0.164 | 7.71 | 7.74 | 0.962 | 2.08a | 1.40 | 0.021 |
| Wisconsin | 2.19 | 2.41 | 0.317 | 4.35 | 4.88 | 0.325 | 6.42 | 6.49 | 0.919 | 1.22 | 1.39 | 0.438 |
| Wyoming | 2.13 | 2.09 | 0.846 | 4.33 | 4.38 | 0.931 | 6.17 | 5.71 | 0.462 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 0.959 |
| State | 12+ (2008-2009) |
12+ (2009-2010) |
12+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Needing But Not Receiving Treatment refers to respondents classified as needing treatment for alcohol, but not receiving treatment for an alcohol problem at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facilities [inpatient or outpatient], hospitals [inpatient only], and mental health centers). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 7.03 | 6.88 | 0.177 | 4.57 | 4.41 | 0.250 | 16.07a | 15.26 | 0.002 | 5.78 | 5.73 | 0.676 |
| Northeast | 7.01 | 6.90 | 0.563 | 4.58 | 4.44 | 0.499 | 17.07a | 16.23 | 0.048 | 5.61 | 5.62 | 0.961 |
| Midwest | 7.36a | 6.98 | 0.013 | 4.89a | 4.37 | 0.002 | 17.30a | 15.91 | 0.000 | 5.97 | 5.75 | 0.264 |
| South | 6.60 | 6.46 | 0.349 | 4.07 | 4.08 | 0.952 | 14.63b | 14.04 | 0.083 | 5.57 | 5.46 | 0.553 |
| West | 7.39 | 7.42 | 0.910 | 5.04 | 4.94 | 0.711 | 16.31 | 15.80 | 0.302 | 6.09 | 6.22 | 0.619 |
| Alabama | 6.11 | 6.50 | 0.349 | 4.17 | 4.26 | 0.831 | 13.16 | 12.87 | 0.760 | 5.17 | 5.68 | 0.310 |
| Alaska | 7.41 | 7.13 | 0.544 | 4.89 | 4.40 | 0.359 | 16.04 | 14.86 | 0.301 | 6.15 | 6.00 | 0.776 |
| Arizona | 7.27 | 7.15 | 0.798 | 5.08 | 4.59 | 0.386 | 17.54 | 16.65 | 0.456 | 5.83 | 5.87 | 0.937 |
| Arkansas | 6.43 | 6.15 | 0.466 | 4.82 | 4.39 | 0.386 | 14.52 | 13.53 | 0.333 | 5.32 | 5.15 | 0.722 |
| California | 7.47 | 7.76 | 0.394 | 4.94 | 5.15 | 0.623 | 15.85 | 15.61 | 0.748 | 6.22 | 6.62 | 0.318 |
| Colorado | 8.30 | 8.17 | 0.822 | 5.94 | 5.32 | 0.306 | 20.24 | 19.29 | 0.473 | 6.59 | 6.60 | 0.989 |
| Connecticut | 8.28 | 7.51 | 0.105 | 5.74a | 4.67 | 0.041 | 19.46 | 17.93 | 0.194 | 6.83 | 6.17 | 0.245 |
| Delaware | 7.29 | 6.69 | 0.191 | 4.70 | 4.40 | 0.537 | 17.88a | 15.64 | 0.040 | 5.85 | 5.49 | 0.507 |
| District of Columbia | 8.54 | 9.21 | 0.258 | 3.19 | 3.37 | 0.714 | 16.52 | 16.73 | 0.850 | 7.25 | 8.07 | 0.262 |
| Florida | 6.66 | 6.38 | 0.358 | 4.30 | 4.40 | 0.772 | 14.20 | 13.12 | 0.123 | 5.81 | 5.57 | 0.532 |
| Georgia | 6.43 | 5.88 | 0.180 | 3.38 | 3.53 | 0.753 | 14.70 | 13.49 | 0.214 | 5.44 | 4.87 | 0.251 |
| Hawaii | 7.23 | 7.46 | 0.690 | 5.34 | 5.25 | 0.900 | 16.18 | 16.97 | 0.544 | 6.02 | 6.19 | 0.802 |
| Idaho | 6.69 | 7.02 | 0.430 | 4.69 | 4.79 | 0.844 | 15.65 | 16.04 | 0.710 | 5.40 | 5.69 | 0.572 |
| Illinois | 7.26 | 6.89 | 0.225 | 4.17 | 3.96 | 0.498 | 17.09 | 16.19 | 0.211 | 5.88 | 5.60 | 0.443 |
| Indiana | 6.44 | 6.67 | 0.595 | 4.47 | 4.09 | 0.394 | 15.89 | 14.99 | 0.433 | 5.10 | 5.57 | 0.377 |
| Iowa | 8.02 | 7.86 | 0.736 | 6.24b | 5.24 | 0.085 | 18.15 | 18.73 | 0.637 | 6.46 | 6.21 | 0.689 |
| Kansas | 7.57 | 7.38 | 0.680 | 5.27 | 4.95 | 0.562 | 18.32 | 16.63 | 0.154 | 5.86 | 5.93 | 0.909 |
| Kentucky | 5.78 | 5.84 | 0.877 | 3.88 | 4.06 | 0.723 | 13.49 | 13.15 | 0.712 | 4.80 | 4.88 | 0.859 |
| Louisiana | 6.80 | 6.38 | 0.331 | 3.70 | 3.35 | 0.381 | 14.53 | 13.84 | 0.473 | 5.74 | 5.36 | 0.486 |
| Maine | 6.41 | 6.21 | 0.617 | 4.10 | 4.16 | 0.917 | 16.79 | 15.77 | 0.327 | 5.22 | 5.07 | 0.757 |
| Maryland | 6.65 | 5.97 | 0.106 | 3.70 | 3.30 | 0.340 | 14.86 | 13.36 | 0.140 | 5.64 | 5.05 | 0.256 |
| Massachusetts | 7.00b | 7.94 | 0.060 | 4.58 | 4.98 | 0.463 | 18.41 | 19.07 | 0.574 | 5.26b | 6.30 | 0.079 |
| Michigan | 7.10 | 6.99 | 0.737 | 4.76 | 4.25 | 0.123 | 15.78 | 14.70 | 0.112 | 5.93 | 6.02 | 0.825 |
| Minnesota | 8.67a | 7.30 | 0.006 | 5.47 | 4.70 | 0.146 | 20.55a | 16.85 | 0.002 | 7.05b | 5.98 | 0.077 |
| Mississippi | 6.02 | 6.20 | 0.653 | 3.71 | 3.71 | 0.999 | 12.60 | 12.92 | 0.736 | 5.13 | 5.29 | 0.758 |
| Missouri | 7.11b | 6.26 | 0.054 | 4.98 | 4.49 | 0.348 | 16.47a | 13.77 | 0.011 | 5.84 | 5.21 | 0.240 |
| Montana | 9.15 | 8.71 | 0.449 | 7.58a | 6.13 | 0.040 | 23.16 | 21.41 | 0.184 | 7.00 | 6.79 | 0.768 |
| Nebraska | 8.19b | 7.39 | 0.088 | 5.45b | 4.44 | 0.055 | 18.52 | 17.77 | 0.526 | 6.59 | 5.77 | 0.140 |
| Nevada | 7.31 | 8.00 | 0.228 | 5.16 | 5.15 | 0.982 | 16.34 | 17.31 | 0.408 | 6.25 | 6.93 | 0.318 |
| New Hampshire | 7.23 | 7.15 | 0.860 | 5.19 | 5.12 | 0.910 | 18.70 | 17.82 | 0.475 | 5.72 | 5.69 | 0.957 |
| New Jersey | 6.25 | 6.07 | 0.702 | 3.68 | 3.86 | 0.664 | 15.18 | 13.82 | 0.203 | 5.19 | 5.15 | 0.943 |
| New Mexico | 8.11a | 7.14 | 0.047 | 6.21b | 5.21 | 0.053 | 17.78a | 15.29 | 0.044 | 6.58 | 5.89 | 0.236 |
| New York | 7.42 | 6.99 | 0.168 | 5.06 | 4.69 | 0.323 | 17.28b | 15.97 | 0.074 | 5.93 | 5.67 | 0.486 |
| North Carolina | 6.05 | 6.01 | 0.921 | 3.38 | 3.63 | 0.598 | 13.98 | 13.34 | 0.540 | 5.10 | 5.08 | 0.963 |
| North Dakota | 7.86 | 7.90 | 0.935 | 4.98 | 4.32 | 0.207 | 19.53 | 19.11 | 0.735 | 5.61 | 5.72 | 0.833 |
| Ohio | 7.20 | 6.86 | 0.268 | 4.99b | 4.36 | 0.052 | 16.81 | 16.04 | 0.222 | 5.90 | 5.67 | 0.532 |
| Oklahoma | 7.10 | 7.15 | 0.901 | 4.72 | 4.58 | 0.785 | 16.02 | 15.48 | 0.629 | 5.79 | 5.95 | 0.766 |
| Oregon | 7.61 | 7.13 | 0.319 | 5.82b | 4.75 | 0.057 | 16.31 | 15.06 | 0.225 | 6.47 | 6.12 | 0.564 |
| Pennsylvania | 6.50 | 6.51 | 0.982 | 4.09 | 4.07 | 0.952 | 16.30 | 15.80 | 0.503 | 5.18 | 5.26 | 0.834 |
| Rhode Island | 7.76 | 8.26 | 0.367 | 4.72 | 4.50 | 0.684 | 17.11 | 17.02 | 0.944 | 6.38 | 7.04 | 0.305 |
| South Carolina | 7.43 | 7.67 | 0.658 | 3.98 | 3.90 | 0.860 | 15.22 | 13.99 | 0.217 | 6.58 | 7.08 | 0.452 |
| South Dakota | 8.83 | 8.44 | 0.472 | 5.96 | 5.90 | 0.922 | 21.77a | 19.03 | 0.041 | 6.87 | 6.82 | 0.944 |
| Tennessee | 6.04 | 6.16 | 0.766 | 3.37 | 3.70 | 0.452 | 13.67 | 13.55 | 0.898 | 5.19 | 5.29 | 0.843 |
| Texas | 6.79 | 6.63 | 0.583 | 4.45 | 4.36 | 0.779 | 14.40 | 14.40 | 0.994 | 5.69 | 5.47 | 0.546 |
| Utah | 5.87 | 5.40 | 0.293 | 3.33 | 3.83 | 0.387 | 12.49 | 11.47 | 0.325 | 4.65 | 4.18 | 0.392 |
| Vermont | 7.47 | 7.61 | 0.766 | 4.92 | 4.68 | 0.656 | 18.76 | 19.00 | 0.841 | 5.92 | 5.96 | 0.940 |
| Virginia | 7.31 | 7.52 | 0.662 | 4.66 | 4.81 | 0.794 | 18.41 | 18.11 | 0.795 | 5.75 | 6.01 | 0.657 |
| Washington | 6.60 | 6.04 | 0.223 | 4.49 | 4.10 | 0.413 | 15.58 | 14.60 | 0.391 | 5.41 | 4.88 | 0.329 |
| West Virginia | 5.87 | 5.53 | 0.430 | 4.29 | 4.16 | 0.780 | 14.33 | 13.19 | 0.285 | 4.82 | 4.52 | 0.551 |
| Wisconsin | 7.49 | 7.08 | 0.362 | 5.20 | 4.43 | 0.123 | 18.38a | 15.92 | 0.022 | 5.93 | 5.85 | 0.886 |
| Wyoming | 7.82 | 7.17 | 0.155 | 6.38b | 5.38 | 0.069 | 18.43 | 16.79 | 0.141 | 6.12 | 5.62 | 0.372 |
| State | 18+ (2008-2009) |
18+ (2009-2010) |
18+ (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, that met the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and resulted in serious functional impairment. Estimates for SMI presented in this table may differ from previously published SMI estimates because of revised estimation procedures. For details, see the NSDUH short report titled Revised Estimates of Mental Illness from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health at https://www.samhsa.gov/data. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012; SMI Estimates Revised October 2013). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.70b | 3.88 | 0.073 | 3.55 | 3.63 | 0.465 | 3.72b | 3.92 | 0.089 |
| Northeast | 3.64 | 3.74 | 0.518 | 3.65 | 3.74 | 0.617 | 3.64 | 3.74 | 0.582 |
| Midwest | 4.00 | 4.21 | 0.152 | 3.79 | 3.83 | 0.821 | 4.04 | 4.28 | 0.167 |
| South | 3.59 | 3.78 | 0.144 | 3.28 | 3.39 | 0.470 | 3.64 | 3.85 | 0.177 |
| West | 3.63 | 3.84 | 0.209 | 3.66 | 3.75 | 0.614 | 3.62 | 3.85 | 0.248 |
| Alabama | 3.57a | 5.00 | 0.001 | 3.44 | 3.66 | 0.600 | 3.59a | 5.23 | 0.002 |
| Alaska | 3.49 | 4.07 | 0.121 | 3.11 | 3.50 | 0.352 | 3.56 | 4.19 | 0.180 |
| Arizona | 3.84 | 4.37 | 0.223 | 3.72 | 3.92 | 0.667 | 3.86 | 4.44 | 0.269 |
| Arkansas | 4.74 | 4.94 | 0.674 | 3.99 | 3.97 | 0.964 | 4.86 | 5.10 | 0.678 |
| California | 3.20 | 3.24 | 0.865 | 3.62 | 3.69 | 0.841 | 3.12 | 3.16 | 0.897 |
| Colorado | 4.65 | 4.56 | 0.855 | 3.67 | 4.01 | 0.457 | 4.81 | 4.65 | 0.787 |
| Connecticut | 3.52 | 3.73 | 0.563 | 3.53 | 3.43 | 0.816 | 3.51 | 3.78 | 0.554 |
| Delaware | 3.55 | 3.93 | 0.292 | 3.49a | 4.47 | 0.036 | 3.56 | 3.84 | 0.525 |
| District of Columbia | 3.06 | 3.45 | 0.268 | 3.00 | 2.95 | 0.893 | 3.07 | 3.57 | 0.265 |
| Florida | 3.64 | 3.62 | 0.951 | 3.39 | 3.12 | 0.375 | 3.67 | 3.70 | 0.937 |
| Georgia | 3.39 | 3.60 | 0.539 | 2.78 | 3.01 | 0.536 | 3.49 | 3.70 | 0.617 |
| Hawaii | 3.11 | 3.68 | 0.199 | 3.89 | 3.35 | 0.266 | 2.98 | 3.73 | 0.155 |
| Idaho | 4.75 | 5.10 | 0.480 | 3.74a | 4.87 | 0.039 | 4.93 | 5.15 | 0.718 |
| Illinois | 3.62 | 3.90 | 0.251 | 3.51 | 3.80 | 0.349 | 3.64 | 3.92 | 0.342 |
| Indiana | 4.71 | 4.78 | 0.872 | 4.02 | 3.93 | 0.866 | 4.82 | 4.93 | 0.851 |
| Iowa | 3.83 | 4.36 | 0.182 | 3.76 | 3.85 | 0.844 | 3.84 | 4.46 | 0.198 |
| Kansas | 3.51 | 3.53 | 0.939 | 3.78 | 3.67 | 0.826 | 3.46 | 3.51 | 0.906 |
| Kentucky | 4.18 | 4.13 | 0.905 | 3.42 | 3.60 | 0.689 | 4.30 | 4.22 | 0.864 |
| Louisiana | 3.59 | 3.91 | 0.342 | 3.49 | 3.36 | 0.748 | 3.61 | 4.01 | 0.330 |
| Maine | 4.00 | 4.14 | 0.734 | 4.33 | 4.25 | 0.871 | 3.95 | 4.12 | 0.724 |
| Maryland | 3.28 | 3.37 | 0.780 | 3.46 | 3.40 | 0.895 | 3.25 | 3.36 | 0.771 |
| Massachusetts | 3.73 | 4.20 | 0.207 | 3.21 | 3.71 | 0.231 | 3.82 | 4.29 | 0.309 |
| Michigan | 3.98 | 4.08 | 0.726 | 4.12 | 3.97 | 0.661 | 3.96 | 4.10 | 0.675 |
| Minnesota | 4.37 | 4.18 | 0.656 | 3.84 | 3.82 | 0.967 | 4.46 | 4.25 | 0.673 |
| Mississippi | 3.43 | 4.04 | 0.132 | 2.99 | 3.26 | 0.480 | 3.51 | 4.18 | 0.170 |
| Missouri | 4.09 | 4.79 | 0.106 | 3.58 | 3.56 | 0.965 | 4.18 | 4.99 | 0.118 |
| Montana | 3.95b | 4.76 | 0.077 | 3.98 | 4.39 | 0.439 | 3.95 | 4.82 | 0.111 |
| Nebraska | 3.57 | 4.13 | 0.103 | 3.59 | 3.77 | 0.694 | 3.57 | 4.21 | 0.139 |
| Nevada | 4.37 | 4.87 | 0.267 | 3.81 | 3.32 | 0.277 | 4.45 | 5.11 | 0.227 |
| New Hampshire | 3.75 | 4.25 | 0.241 | 3.98 | 4.43 | 0.357 | 3.72 | 4.21 | 0.323 |
| New Jersey | 3.35 | 3.39 | 0.925 | 3.77 | 4.11 | 0.478 | 3.29 | 3.27 | 0.974 |
| New Mexico | 3.45 | 3.38 | 0.833 | 3.61 | 3.54 | 0.872 | 3.42 | 3.35 | 0.865 |
| New York | 3.84 | 3.72 | 0.614 | 3.80 | 3.49 | 0.313 | 3.85 | 3.76 | 0.758 |
| North Carolina | 3.63 | 3.47 | 0.610 | 3.02 | 2.99 | 0.946 | 3.73 | 3.54 | 0.638 |
| North Dakota | 3.25 | 3.48 | 0.439 | 3.36 | 3.61 | 0.537 | 3.23 | 3.45 | 0.556 |
| Ohio | 4.10 | 4.31 | 0.470 | 3.69 | 3.82 | 0.690 | 4.17 | 4.39 | 0.506 |
| Oklahoma | 3.97 | 4.03 | 0.878 | 4.07 | 3.68 | 0.414 | 3.95 | 4.09 | 0.768 |
| Oregon | 4.23 | 4.54 | 0.456 | 3.82 | 3.87 | 0.898 | 4.30 | 4.65 | 0.483 |
| Pennsylvania | 3.31 | 3.57 | 0.296 | 3.43 | 3.82 | 0.255 | 3.29 | 3.53 | 0.421 |
| Rhode Island | 5.38 | 4.92 | 0.366 | 4.29 | 4.38 | 0.857 | 5.58 | 5.02 | 0.366 |
| South Carolina | 3.57 | 3.97 | 0.236 | 3.26 | 3.39 | 0.752 | 3.62 | 4.07 | 0.280 |
| South Dakota | 3.19 | 3.61 | 0.229 | 3.44 | 3.32 | 0.788 | 3.14 | 3.66 | 0.227 |
| Tennessee | 3.80 | 4.15 | 0.392 | 3.25 | 3.21 | 0.917 | 3.89 | 4.29 | 0.400 |
| Texas | 3.33 | 3.40 | 0.763 | 3.08 | 3.58 | 0.117 | 3.37 | 3.37 | 0.997 |
| Utah | 4.64 | 5.12 | 0.314 | 3.78 | 4.55 | 0.130 | 4.86 | 5.26 | 0.511 |
| Vermont | 3.78 | 4.04 | 0.484 | 3.97 | 4.19 | 0.649 | 3.75 | 4.01 | 0.557 |
| Virginia | 3.34 | 3.91 | 0.113 | 3.55 | 3.70 | 0.734 | 3.30 | 3.94 | 0.140 |
| Washington | 3.78 | 4.39 | 0.133 | 3.55 | 3.30 | 0.560 | 3.82 | 4.57 | 0.124 |
| West Virginia | 4.87 | 4.92 | 0.925 | 3.66 | 3.37 | 0.506 | 5.04 | 5.15 | 0.852 |
| Wisconsin | 4.12 | 4.14 | 0.950 | 4.16 | 4.00 | 0.710 | 4.11 | 4.17 | 0.903 |
| Wyoming | 4.20 | 4.08 | 0.742 | 3.49 | 3.39 | 0.797 | 4.32 | 4.21 | 0.795 |
| State | 18+ (2008-2009) |
18+ (2009-2010) |
18+ (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, that met the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Estimates for AMI presented in this table may differ from previously published AMI estimates because of revised estimation procedures. For details, see the NSDUH short report titled Revised Estimates of Mental Illness from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health at https://www.samhsa.gov/data. a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012; AMI Estimates Revised October 2013). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 17.92 | 18.10 | 0.404 | 18.25 | 18.02 | 0.333 | 17.86 | 18.11 | 0.319 |
| Northeast | 18.18 | 18.36 | 0.662 | 18.61 | 18.57 | 0.933 | 18.10 | 18.33 | 0.645 |
| Midwest | 18.36 | 18.59 | 0.500 | 19.22 | 18.77 | 0.213 | 18.21 | 18.56 | 0.378 |
| South | 17.33 | 17.53 | 0.571 | 17.06 | 17.04 | 0.943 | 17.38 | 17.61 | 0.555 |
| West | 18.23 | 18.32 | 0.843 | 18.88 | 18.42 | 0.350 | 18.12 | 18.31 | 0.724 |
| Alabama | 17.44a | 20.85 | 0.006 | 16.53 | 17.82 | 0.261 | 17.59a | 21.37 | 0.009 |
| Alaska | 16.72a | 19.39 | 0.014 | 15.79a | 18.26 | 0.047 | 16.90a | 19.61 | 0.033 |
| Arizona | 17.15 | 18.26 | 0.332 | 18.31 | 18.62 | 0.791 | 16.95 | 18.20 | 0.349 |
| Arkansas | 19.60 | 20.04 | 0.711 | 19.89 | 19.30 | 0.633 | 19.55 | 20.16 | 0.656 |
| California | 17.44 | 17.07 | 0.585 | 18.49 | 17.61 | 0.252 | 17.23 | 16.96 | 0.734 |
| Colorado | 18.95 | 18.42 | 0.622 | 17.74 | 18.19 | 0.704 | 19.15 | 18.46 | 0.576 |
| Connecticut | 17.87 | 17.63 | 0.828 | 19.35 | 19.04 | 0.790 | 17.64 | 17.41 | 0.853 |
| Delaware | 17.75 | 18.29 | 0.627 | 18.41 | 20.10 | 0.149 | 17.64 | 17.99 | 0.784 |
| District of Columbia | 17.99 | 19.14 | 0.289 | 17.44 | 17.06 | 0.754 | 18.12 | 19.60 | 0.247 |
| Florida | 16.99 | 17.02 | 0.967 | 16.69 | 16.57 | 0.878 | 17.03 | 17.08 | 0.947 |
| Georgia | 16.50 | 15.56 | 0.356 | 16.16 | 17.05 | 0.442 | 16.56 | 15.30 | 0.291 |
| Hawaii | 17.52 | 17.74 | 0.855 | 19.54 | 19.61 | 0.957 | 17.20 | 17.45 | 0.858 |
| Idaho | 19.51a | 22.43 | 0.014 | 19.37 | 21.47 | 0.111 | 19.54a | 22.61 | 0.028 |
| Illinois | 16.68 | 16.97 | 0.675 | 17.19 | 18.02 | 0.275 | 16.59 | 16.78 | 0.812 |
| Indiana | 20.37 | 18.83 | 0.138 | 20.62 | 18.86 | 0.171 | 20.33 | 18.82 | 0.213 |
| Iowa | 17.23b | 19.21 | 0.057 | 18.24 | 19.06 | 0.491 | 17.05b | 19.24 | 0.068 |
| Kansas | 17.24 | 15.99 | 0.219 | 17.89 | 17.80 | 0.939 | 17.13 | 15.64 | 0.214 |
| Kentucky | 19.23 | 19.32 | 0.938 | 17.78 | 17.11 | 0.551 | 19.46 | 19.67 | 0.873 |
| Louisiana | 17.46 | 17.51 | 0.968 | 16.81 | 17.03 | 0.843 | 17.59 | 17.60 | 0.995 |
| Maine | 19.25 | 18.70 | 0.627 | 19.59 | 20.49 | 0.485 | 19.20 | 18.44 | 0.555 |
| Maryland | 16.86 | 17.03 | 0.874 | 17.72 | 17.59 | 0.911 | 16.72 | 16.94 | 0.859 |
| Massachusetts | 18.01 | 18.51 | 0.633 | 18.31 | 18.91 | 0.613 | 17.95 | 18.43 | 0.687 |
| Michigan | 18.63 | 19.70 | 0.101 | 19.81 | 18.92 | 0.229 | 18.43b | 19.83 | 0.063 |
| Minnesota | 18.94 | 18.38 | 0.600 | 19.72 | 19.81 | 0.936 | 18.81 | 18.13 | 0.587 |
| Mississippi | 16.95 | 17.79 | 0.421 | 17.28 | 17.60 | 0.769 | 16.89 | 17.83 | 0.440 |
| Missouri | 19.11 | 19.42 | 0.772 | 21.43 | 19.71 | 0.172 | 18.72 | 19.37 | 0.595 |
| Montana | 19.18 | 20.72 | 0.133 | 19.20 | 20.58 | 0.266 | 19.17 | 20.75 | 0.189 |
| Nebraska | 17.56 | 17.58 | 0.986 | 17.25 | 18.11 | 0.474 | 17.63 | 17.48 | 0.909 |
| Nevada | 20.59 | 20.28 | 0.797 | 20.46a | 17.91 | 0.050 | 20.60 | 20.64 | 0.982 |
| New Hampshire | 18.35 | 19.76 | 0.228 | 19.88 | 20.31 | 0.737 | 18.11 | 19.68 | 0.239 |
| New Jersey | 17.65 | 17.54 | 0.924 | 18.52 | 18.73 | 0.852 | 17.51 | 17.35 | 0.904 |
| New Mexico | 17.85 | 16.43 | 0.177 | 18.04 | 17.50 | 0.655 | 17.82 | 16.24 | 0.193 |
| New York | 18.35 | 19.02 | 0.354 | 18.27 | 18.39 | 0.882 | 18.37 | 19.13 | 0.358 |
| North Carolina | 17.74 | 17.22 | 0.617 | 16.43 | 15.81 | 0.591 | 17.95 | 17.45 | 0.678 |
| North Dakota | 15.46 | 16.26 | 0.437 | 15.32 | 17.08 | 0.102 | 15.50 | 16.08 | 0.638 |
| Ohio | 18.41b | 19.66 | 0.081 | 18.75 | 18.83 | 0.914 | 18.36b | 19.80 | 0.079 |
| Oklahoma | 20.33 | 20.34 | 0.988 | 20.56 | 21.19 | 0.649 | 20.28 | 20.19 | 0.946 |
| Oregon | 19.55 | 20.12 | 0.620 | 20.51 | 19.86 | 0.581 | 19.40 | 20.16 | 0.562 |
| Pennsylvania | 17.83 | 17.53 | 0.680 | 18.55 | 17.88 | 0.376 | 17.71 | 17.47 | 0.777 |
| Rhode Island | 23.53b | 21.30 | 0.074 | 22.77a | 19.42 | 0.009 | 23.67 | 21.65 | 0.164 |
| South Carolina | 16.95 | 17.18 | 0.821 | 16.99 | 16.49 | 0.673 | 16.94 | 17.29 | 0.763 |
| South Dakota | 16.40 | 16.82 | 0.698 | 16.94 | 17.37 | 0.709 | 16.31 | 16.71 | 0.744 |
| Tennessee | 19.12b | 21.17 | 0.099 | 17.43 | 17.23 | 0.853 | 19.38b | 21.79 | 0.090 |
| Texas | 16.47 | 15.99 | 0.464 | 16.11 | 16.01 | 0.885 | 16.54 | 15.99 | 0.468 |
| Utah | 21.78 | 22.87 | 0.326 | 21.53 | 22.53 | 0.472 | 21.85 | 22.96 | 0.415 |
| Vermont | 18.66 | 19.75 | 0.310 | 19.42 | 21.15 | 0.188 | 18.53 | 19.51 | 0.428 |
| Virginia | 16.33 | 17.52 | 0.225 | 18.33 | 18.13 | 0.865 | 15.99 | 17.41 | 0.208 |
| Washington | 19.85 | 20.75 | 0.459 | 20.00 | 19.38 | 0.621 | 19.82 | 20.98 | 0.412 |
| West Virginia | 20.00 | 20.47 | 0.685 | 21.21 | 19.69 | 0.265 | 19.83 | 20.58 | 0.560 |
| Wisconsin | 19.96 | 18.89 | 0.314 | 22.43a | 19.11 | 0.010 | 19.55 | 18.86 | 0.567 |
| Wyoming | 20.24 | 19.47 | 0.475 | 20.38 | 20.00 | 0.756 | 20.22 | 19.37 | 0.500 |
| State | 18+ (2008-2009) |
18+ (2009-2010) |
18+ (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
|||||||||
| Total U.S. | 3.73 | 3.78 | 0.599 | 6.42 | 6.36 | 0.695 | 3.26 | 3.33 | 0.549 |
| Northeast | 3.73 | 3.82 | 0.574 | 6.64 | 6.62 | 0.944 | 3.24 | 3.34 | 0.550 |
| Midwest | 4.10 | 4.05 | 0.695 | 6.79 | 6.73 | 0.772 | 3.64 | 3.58 | 0.712 |
| South | 3.41 | 3.53 | 0.352 | 5.91 | 5.96 | 0.837 | 2.99 | 3.11 | 0.388 |
| West | 3.87 | 3.88 | 0.947 | 6.66 | 6.41 | 0.417 | 3.36 | 3.42 | 0.772 |
| Alabama | 3.73 | 4.10 | 0.408 | 6.42 | 6.63 | 0.774 | 3.28 | 3.66 | 0.450 |
| Alaska | 3.76 | 3.96 | 0.612 | 6.00 | 6.13 | 0.854 | 3.34 | 3.54 | 0.675 |
| Arizona | 3.98 | 4.08 | 0.826 | 6.60 | 6.40 | 0.783 | 3.54 | 3.69 | 0.770 |
| Arkansas | 4.11 | 4.37 | 0.529 | 6.67 | 6.62 | 0.941 | 3.69 | 4.00 | 0.529 |
| California | 3.39 | 3.57 | 0.434 | 6.53 | 6.26 | 0.549 | 2.79 | 3.06 | 0.313 |
| Colorado | 4.30 | 4.12 | 0.636 | 6.14 | 6.53 | 0.578 | 4.00 | 3.70 | 0.514 |
| Connecticut | 3.95 | 3.63 | 0.442 | 6.61 | 5.95 | 0.341 | 3.53 | 3.25 | 0.568 |
| Delaware | 3.02a | 3.89 | 0.029 | 6.09b | 7.45 | 0.062 | 2.51b | 3.30 | 0.089 |
| District of Columbia | 4.47 | 3.98 | 0.292 | 5.73 | 5.64 | 0.876 | 4.18 | 3.62 | 0.321 |
| Florida | 3.54 | 3.52 | 0.942 | 6.10 | 5.67 | 0.342 | 3.16 | 3.20 | 0.902 |
| Georgia | 2.80 | 3.12 | 0.307 | 5.26 | 5.58 | 0.601 | 2.38 | 2.70 | 0.403 |
| Hawaii | 3.81 | 3.92 | 0.778 | 7.53 | 7.36 | 0.821 | 3.21 | 3.37 | 0.726 |
| Idaho | 4.76 | 4.87 | 0.814 | 7.07 | 7.71 | 0.422 | 4.35 | 4.35 | 0.999 |
| Illinois | 4.28 | 4.05 | 0.399 | 6.31 | 6.86 | 0.230 | 3.91 | 3.55 | 0.238 |
| Indiana | 4.21 | 3.99 | 0.565 | 6.56 | 6.40 | 0.804 | 3.82 | 3.57 | 0.594 |
| Iowa | 4.01 | 3.90 | 0.751 | 6.44 | 6.16 | 0.675 | 3.59 | 3.49 | 0.822 |
| Kansas | 3.60 | 3.55 | 0.897 | 6.42 | 6.22 | 0.771 | 3.07 | 3.04 | 0.944 |
| Kentucky | 3.96 | 3.98 | 0.960 | 6.28 | 6.26 | 0.976 | 3.60 | 3.62 | 0.968 |
| Louisiana | 3.11 | 3.53 | 0.237 | 5.84 | 6.17 | 0.612 | 2.58 | 3.03 | 0.297 |
| Maine | 4.56 | 4.56 | 0.991 | 7.07 | 6.55 | 0.403 | 4.21 | 4.28 | 0.886 |
| Maryland | 3.41 | 3.52 | 0.773 | 6.51 | 6.25 | 0.725 | 2.89 | 3.05 | 0.692 |
| Massachusetts | 3.93 | 3.94 | 0.998 | 5.99 | 6.26 | 0.674 | 3.57 | 3.52 | 0.920 |
| Michigan | 4.26 | 4.15 | 0.709 | 7.67b | 6.90 | 0.097 | 3.69 | 3.68 | 0.990 |
| Minnesota | 3.67 | 3.90 | 0.593 | 6.59 | 6.72 | 0.830 | 3.18 | 3.41 | 0.638 |
| Mississippi | 3.29 | 3.72 | 0.243 | 6.35 | 6.34 | 0.985 | 2.72 | 3.23 | 0.259 |
| Missouri | 3.87 | 4.30 | 0.321 | 6.34 | 6.55 | 0.738 | 3.47 | 3.91 | 0.371 |
| Montana | 4.35 | 4.57 | 0.630 | 6.85 | 7.70 | 0.285 | 3.93 | 4.02 | 0.864 |
| Nebraska | 3.91 | 4.02 | 0.786 | 6.04 | 6.25 | 0.737 | 3.51 | 3.58 | 0.869 |
| Nevada | 4.41 | 4.18 | 0.616 | 6.71 | 5.67 | 0.131 | 4.07 | 3.95 | 0.823 |
| New Hampshire | 3.40b | 4.28 | 0.057 | 6.82 | 6.98 | 0.830 | 2.88b | 3.86 | 0.069 |
| New Jersey | 3.28 | 3.62 | 0.368 | 6.97 | 7.23 | 0.720 | 2.71 | 3.07 | 0.419 |
| New Mexico | 4.15b | 3.53 | 0.100 | 6.85 | 6.61 | 0.716 | 3.65 | 2.96 | 0.127 |
| New York | 3.82 | 3.84 | 0.956 | 6.62 | 6.57 | 0.916 | 3.32 | 3.35 | 0.909 |
| North Carolina | 3.55 | 3.48 | 0.868 | 5.80 | 5.77 | 0.966 | 3.18 | 3.10 | 0.856 |
| North Dakota | 3.56 | 3.48 | 0.809 | 5.39 | 5.91 | 0.402 | 3.14 | 2.91 | 0.556 |
| Ohio | 4.25 | 4.13 | 0.671 | 6.90 | 6.99 | 0.826 | 3.82 | 3.66 | 0.639 |
| Oklahoma | 3.53 | 3.86 | 0.418 | 6.31 | 5.99 | 0.648 | 3.02 | 3.47 | 0.363 |
| Oregon | 4.43 | 4.14 | 0.515 | 6.64 | 6.32 | 0.613 | 4.08 | 3.79 | 0.569 |
| Pennsylvania | 3.52 | 3.68 | 0.529 | 6.73 | 6.60 | 0.782 | 2.99 | 3.20 | 0.488 |
| Rhode Island | 5.11 | 4.56 | 0.258 | 6.79 | 6.90 | 0.871 | 4.79 | 4.11 | 0.248 |
| South Carolina | 3.51 | 3.60 | 0.814 | 6.21 | 5.79 | 0.529 | 3.07 | 3.23 | 0.708 |
| South Dakota | 4.23 | 3.92 | 0.494 | 7.18 | 6.09 | 0.144 | 3.70 | 3.53 | 0.750 |
| Tennessee | 3.26 | 3.63 | 0.333 | 5.64 | 5.58 | 0.920 | 2.90 | 3.32 | 0.341 |
| Texas | 3.27 | 3.14 | 0.579 | 5.42 | 5.90 | 0.288 | 2.86 | 2.61 | 0.368 |
| Utah | 5.39 | 4.99 | 0.400 | 7.49 | 7.69 | 0.805 | 4.85 | 4.31 | 0.364 |
| Vermont | 4.49 | 4.39 | 0.830 | 7.04 | 7.32 | 0.695 | 4.07 | 3.88 | 0.729 |
| Virginia | 3.31 | 3.76 | 0.242 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 0.997 | 2.80 | 3.33 | 0.259 |
| Washington | 4.56 | 4.25 | 0.515 | 7.18 | 6.23 | 0.173 | 4.14 | 3.93 | 0.711 |
| West Virginia | 4.29 | 4.46 | 0.717 | 7.28 | 6.80 | 0.483 | 3.86 | 4.10 | 0.648 |
| Wisconsin | 4.05 | 4.04 | 0.997 | 7.90 | 7.09 | 0.293 | 3.40 | 3.51 | 0.810 |
| Wyoming | 4.52 | 3.98 | 0.234 | 6.32 | 5.97 | 0.602 | 4.20 | 3.62 | 0.276 |
| State | 18+ (2008-2009) |
18+ (2009-2010) |
18+ (P Value) |
12-17 (2008-2009) |
12-17 (2009-2010) |
12-17 (P Value) |
18-25 (2008-2009) |
18-25 (2009-2010) |
18-25 (P Value) |
26+ (2008-2009) |
26+ (2009-2010) |
26+ (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes posterior probability of no change between the 2008-2009 and the 2009-2010 estimates. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: The 2008-2009 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates (see Section 1.5 of this report). NOTE: Major depressive episode is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. For details, see Section A.11 in Appendix A of this report. NOTE: There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent major depressive episode modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from persons aged 18 or older to get an overall estimate (12 or older). a Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. b Difference between the 2008-2009 estimate and the 2009-2010 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, and 2010 (Revised March 2012). |
||||||||||||
| Total U.S. | 6.53 | 6.70 | 0.164 | 8.22 | 8.07 | 0.402 | 8.21 | 8.15 | 0.759 | 6.24 | 6.45 | 0.151 |
| Northeast | 6.42 | 6.68 | 0.224 | 7.92 | 7.79 | 0.636 | 8.06 | 8.24 | 0.559 | 6.15 | 6.42 | 0.264 |
| Midwest | 6.72 | 6.99 | 0.142 | 8.35 | 8.20 | 0.516 | 8.50 | 8.52 | 0.953 | 6.41 | 6.72 | 0.140 |
| South | 6.44 | 6.59 | 0.415 | 8.07 | 8.06 | 0.964 | 7.79 | 7.77 | 0.939 | 6.22 | 6.39 | 0.410 |
| West | 6.57 | 6.63 | 0.796 | 8.53 | 8.17 | 0.234 | 8.67 | 8.33 | 0.316 | 6.19 | 6.32 | 0.637 |
| Alabama | 6.35b | 7.48 | 0.082 | 7.99 | 7.65 | 0.652 | 7.35 | 7.97 | 0.416 | 6.19 | 7.40 | 0.111 |
| Alaska | 5.86 | 6.74 | 0.117 | 7.70 | 7.65 | 0.950 | 7.31 | 8.10 | 0.301 | 5.59 | 6.48 | 0.183 |
| Arizona | 6.94 | 6.87 | 0.908 | 8.99 | 8.37 | 0.456 | 8.88 | 8.58 | 0.745 | 6.61 | 6.58 | 0.965 |
| Arkansas | 7.86 | 7.81 | 0.945 | 9.03 | 8.52 | 0.499 | 8.98 | 8.64 | 0.684 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 1.000 |
| California | 6.05 | 6.12 | 0.849 | 8.14 | 7.85 | 0.533 | 8.50 | 8.02 | 0.347 | 5.58 | 5.76 | 0.681 |
| Colorado | 7.56 | 7.05 | 0.401 | 9.16 | 8.92 | 0.760 | 8.40 | 8.00 | 0.618 | 7.41 | 6.88 | 0.450 |
| Connecticut | 5.95 | 6.25 | 0.601 | 8.03 | 7.59 | 0.559 | 8.11 | 7.71 | 0.602 | 5.61 | 6.01 | 0.541 |
| Delaware | 6.43 | 6.93 | 0.401 | 7.86 | 9.02 | 0.143 | 8.55a | 10.39 | 0.041 | 6.08 | 6.36 | 0.677 |
| District of Columbia | 5.93 | 6.58 | 0.215 | 6.93 | 6.88 | 0.938 | 7.39 | 7.35 | 0.958 | 5.60 | 6.41 | 0.209 |
| Florida | 6.40 | 6.41 | 0.974 | 8.53 | 8.76 | 0.651 | 7.93 | 7.67 | 0.606 | 6.17 | 6.22 | 0.910 |
| Georgia | 6.26 | 6.24 | 0.972 | 7.88 | 8.09 | 0.779 | 7.65 | 7.84 | 0.816 | 6.02 | 5.96 | 0.923 |
| Hawaii | 6.15 | 5.99 | 0.804 | 8.08 | 7.23 | 0.330 | 8.68 | 7.67 | 0.258 | 5.74 | 5.73 | 0.985 |
| Idaho | 7.47 | 7.61 | 0.809 | 8.90 | 8.99 | 0.907 | 9.19 | 10.10 | 0.314 | 7.16 | 7.16 | 0.999 |
| Illinois | 6.17b | 6.81 | 0.094 | 7.48 | 7.48 | 0.997 | 7.93b | 8.90 | 0.057 | 5.85 | 6.43 | 0.184 |
| Indiana | 8.14 | 7.48 | 0.302 | 9.25 | 8.78 | 0.515 | 8.51 | 7.96 | 0.498 | 8.08 | 7.40 | 0.356 |
| Iowa | 5.87a | 7.01 | 0.045 | 8.07 | 7.64 | 0.548 | 7.75 | 7.77 | 0.977 | 5.54a | 6.87 | 0.047 |
| Kansas | 6.61 | 6.65 | 0.943 | 8.58 | 8.66 | 0.916 | 8.38 | 8.73 | 0.665 | 6.29 | 6.26 | 0.966 |
| Kentucky | 7.14 | 7.02 | 0.853 | 8.42 | 8.36 | 0.940 | 7.98 | 7.69 | 0.690 | 7.00 | 6.91 | 0.899 |
| Louisiana | 5.75 | 6.24 | 0.356 | 7.67 | 6.93 | 0.275 | 6.97 | 7.08 | 0.882 | 5.51 | 6.08 | 0.374 |
| Maine | 6.81 | 6.85 | 0.936 | 8.08 | 8.55 | 0.552 | 8.78 | 8.84 | 0.940 | 6.53 | 6.57 | 0.953 |
| Maryland | 6.17 | 6.09 | 0.885 | 7.31 | 7.58 | 0.720 | 8.18 | 7.63 | 0.508 | 5.83 | 5.83 | 0.999 |
| Massachusetts | 6.77 | 7.23 | 0.398 | 8.03 | 7.86 | 0.819 | 8.51 | 8.68 | 0.838 | 6.47 | 6.97 | 0.415 |
| Michigan | 6.65 | 6.90 | 0.494 | 8.21 | 8.37 | 0.759 | 9.15 | 9.20 | 0.921 | 6.23 | 6.50 | 0.510 |
| Minnesota | 7.55 | 6.85 | 0.223 | 8.60 | 7.81 | 0.283 | 8.87 | 8.56 | 0.697 | 7.33 | 6.56 | 0.252 |
| Mississippi | 5.80 | 6.39 | 0.270 | 7.26 | 7.46 | 0.776 | 6.60 | 6.53 | 0.921 | 5.66 | 6.36 | 0.264 |
| Missouri | 7.03 | 7.33 | 0.610 | 8.91 | 9.58 | 0.409 | 9.15 | 8.01 | 0.165 | 6.68 | 7.22 | 0.438 |
| Montana | 6.76 | 7.37 | 0.256 | 9.07 | 8.38 | 0.386 | 8.85 | 9.57 | 0.425 | 6.41 | 6.99 | 0.349 |
| Nebraska | 6.31 | 7.10 | 0.135 | 8.20 | 8.28 | 0.913 | 7.59 | 7.88 | 0.703 | 6.07 | 6.95 | 0.158 |
| Nevada | 6.88 | 6.97 | 0.880 | 7.38 | 7.73 | 0.661 | 8.89a | 7.27 | 0.049 | 6.58 | 6.93 | 0.624 |
| New Hampshire | 7.61 | 7.23 | 0.550 | 8.80 | 8.92 | 0.889 | 8.88 | 9.47 | 0.488 | 7.41 | 6.87 | 0.464 |
| New Jersey | 5.98 | 6.10 | 0.831 | 7.35 | 7.21 | 0.840 | 8.12 | 8.61 | 0.522 | 5.65 | 5.71 | 0.922 |
| New Mexico | 6.47 | 5.87 | 0.259 | 8.95 | 8.63 | 0.700 | 8.56 | 7.68 | 0.300 | 6.08 | 5.54 | 0.379 |
| New York | 6.64 | 6.75 | 0.775 | 8.22 | 7.84 | 0.428 | 7.84 | 7.56 | 0.593 | 6.42 | 6.60 | 0.678 |
| North Carolina | 6.85 | 6.56 | 0.627 | 8.43 | 7.45 | 0.184 | 8.07 | 7.27 | 0.297 | 6.65 | 6.44 | 0.762 |
| North Dakota | 6.26 | 6.74 | 0.316 | 9.03 | 8.24 | 0.282 | 7.21 | 7.99 | 0.241 | 6.05 | 6.46 | 0.493 |
| Ohio | 6.18a | 6.99 | 0.030 | 8.31 | 8.25 | 0.901 | 8.16 | 8.21 | 0.924 | 5.85a | 6.79 | 0.031 |
| Oklahoma | 7.40 | 7.54 | 0.837 | 8.04 | 7.85 | 0.809 | 9.47 | 9.75 | 0.766 | 7.03 | 7.13 | 0.893 |
| Oregon | 7.44 | 7.52 | 0.899 | 10.18 | 8.94 | 0.111 | 9.83 | 9.68 | 0.854 | 7.07 | 7.17 | 0.885 |
| Pennsylvania | 5.92b | 6.62 | 0.063 | 7.54 | 7.91 | 0.434 | 7.64b | 8.67 | 0.060 | 5.64 | 6.28 | 0.133 |
| Rhode Island | 9.34b | 7.95 | 0.058 | 9.35 | 8.11 | 0.128 | 10.87b | 9.33 | 0.097 | 9.05 | 7.69 | 0.115 |
| South Carolina | 7.02 | 7.36 | 0.566 | 8.90 | 8.56 | 0.638 | 8.43 | 8.73 | 0.711 | 6.79 | 7.13 | 0.615 |
| South Dakota | 5.71 | 5.95 | 0.653 | 8.47 | 8.80 | 0.690 | 6.90 | 7.32 | 0.584 | 5.50 | 5.70 | 0.745 |
| Tennessee | 6.83 | 7.35 | 0.399 | 8.53 | 8.33 | 0.791 | 7.19 | 7.78 | 0.380 | 6.78 | 7.28 | 0.479 |
| Texas | 5.97 | 6.02 | 0.888 | 7.49 | 7.96 | 0.322 | 7.25 | 7.49 | 0.608 | 5.73 | 5.74 | 0.981 |
| Utah | 7.51 | 8.18 | 0.274 | 8.43 | 8.09 | 0.655 | 8.37 | 9.31 | 0.247 | 7.29 | 7.90 | 0.419 |
| Vermont | 6.52 | 6.98 | 0.422 | 8.10 | 8.22 | 0.862 | 9.43 | 9.31 | 0.895 | 6.04 | 6.57 | 0.418 |
| Virginia | 6.30 | 6.84 | 0.348 | 8.78 | 8.37 | 0.617 | 8.57 | 8.23 | 0.680 | 5.92 | 6.60 | 0.311 |
| Washington | 7.19 | 7.58 | 0.523 | 9.39 | 8.86 | 0.457 | 9.07 | 8.98 | 0.916 | 6.88 | 7.35 | 0.512 |
| West Virginia | 7.77 | 7.63 | 0.839 | 8.39 | 8.03 | 0.645 | 8.81 | 8.08 | 0.364 | 7.62 | 7.56 | 0.942 |
| Wisconsin | 7.28 | 7.06 | 0.706 | 8.83 | 7.61 | 0.136 | 9.55 | 8.88 | 0.423 | 6.89 | 6.74 | 0.823 |
| Wyoming | 7.37 | 7.22 | 0.806 | 8.50 | 8.73 | 0.775 | 9.50 | 8.96 | 0.532 | 6.99 | 6.91 | 0.900 |
A variety of surveys and data systems other than the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) collect data on substance use and mental health problems. It is useful to consider the results of these other studies when discussing NSDUH data. This appendix briefly describes one of these other data systems that publish State estimates, presenting selected comparisons with NSDUH results. The State-level survey that collects data on substance use discussed in this appendix is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Another CDC data system that provides State-level substance use estimates for most but not all States is the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Differences between the YRBS and NSDUH sampling designs, and age groups used in NSDUH small area estimates, imply that comparisons of prevalence rates are not straightforward. However, ignoring these differences and examining estimates at a national level, the YRBS has generally shown to have higher prevalence rates but similar long-term trends compared with NSDUH (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality [CBHSQ], 2011). For further details about the YRBS, see the CDC Web site at http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm.
When considering the information presented here, it is important to understand the methodological differences between these surveys and the impact that these differences could have on estimates of substance use. Several studies have compared NSDUH estimates with estimates from other studies and have evaluated how differences may have been affected by differences in survey methodology (Brener et al., 2006; Gfroerer, Wright, & Kopstein, 1997; Grucza, Abbacchi, Przybeck, & Gfroerer, 2007; Hennessy & Ginsberg, 2001; Miller et al., 2004). These studies suggest that the goals and approaches of surveys are often different, making comparisons between them difficult. Some methodological differences that have been identified as affecting comparisons include populations covered, sampling methods, mode of data collection, survey setting, questionnaires, and estimation methods.
BRFSS is a State-based system of health surveys that collect information on health risk behaviors (including cigarette and alcohol use), preventive health practices, and health care access primarily related to chronic disease and injury. BRFSS is an annual, State-based telephone (landline only) survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized adult population aged 18 or older and is sponsored by the CDC. In 2010, BRFSS collected data from all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) design. More than 400,000 adults are interviewed each year. State estimates are presented on a yearly basis. BRFSS data are weighted based on the probability of selection of a telephone number, the number of adults in a household, and the number of telephones in a household. A final poststratification adjustment is made for nonresponse and noncoverage of households without telephones. The BRFSS State prevalence rates and confidence intervals presented in this report (in Tables D.1 and D.2 at the end of this appendix) are weighted design-based estimates (i.e., each respondent is weighted, and the survey design is accounted for in the estimates) from the 2010 survey. To address the increasing number of cell phone-only households, 48 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands collected a sample of cell phone-only interviews in a pilot study in 2010 to reach this portion of the population. However, data collected from cell phone-only households have not been incorporated into the regular BRFSS surveys. For more details about BRFSS, see the CDC Web site at http://www.cdc.gov/brfss.
There are three measures for which State estimates are produced for both BRFSS and NSDUH: past month alcohol use, past month binge alcohol use, and cigarette use ("past month" use for NSDUH and "current" use for BRFSS). Past month alcohol use is defined consistently in both BRFSS and NSDUH as having an alcoholic beverage in the past month. In NSDUH, past month cigarette use is defined as having smoked part or all of a cigarette during the past 30 days. In BRFSS, the cigarette use measure reported is current cigarette use, which is defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes during the lifetime and indicating smoking every day or some days at the time of the survey. Because of these subtle but present differences in definitions, the NSDUH estimates tend to be higher in that they catch 2 groups of people that the BRFSS estimates would not: (1) respondents who have not smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but had smoked in the past month, and (2) respondents who had smoked a cigarette earlier in the month but were not smoking at the time of the survey. Lastly, both surveys ask about binge alcohol use in the past month. The definition for binge alcohol use in NSDUH is having had five or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. In BRFSS, women are asked about drinking four or more drinks on one occasion, whereas men are asked about drinking five or more drinks on one occasion.
In this appendix, the findings of the 2010 BRFSS State estimates and the combined 2009-2010 NSDUH State estimates for past month alcohol use and cigarette use ("past month" use for NSDUH and "current" use for BRFSS) are presented. In Tables D.1 and D.2, the 2010 BRFSS State estimates for adults aged 18 or older are shown alongside the pooled 2009-2010 NSDUH small area estimates for the same age group (by combining the 18 to 25 and 26 or older age groups). Table D.1 also includes p values that indicate whether the BRFSS and NSDUH estimates are significantly different from each other for a given State using an exact test described in Section D.1. As can be seen in Table D.2, the NSDUH past month cigarette use estimates tend to be higher than the current cigarette use estimates from BRFSS; no p values of differences are shown. Because the definitions for binge alcohol use in the two surveys are different for women, no comparison of binge alcohol use was done.
The method for comparing the two estimates is similar to what is described in Section A.12 of Appendix A. Here, the null hypothesis of no difference is tested, that is, 
(where 
is a State-specific BRFSS direct prevalence rate and 
is a State-specific NSDUH model-based prevalence rate) or equivalently that the logs-odds ratio is zero, that is, , where is defined as 
,
where ln denotes the natural logarithm. An estimate of is given by 
,
where 
and 
are the 2010 BRFSS State estimates and the 2009-2010 NSDUH State estimates, respectively (as given in Tables D.1 and D.2). To compute the variance of 
, that is, 
, let 
and 
,
then 
. The covariance term can be assumed to be zero because the BRFSS and NSDUH samples are independent.
The quantity 
can be obtained by using the 95 percent Bayesian confidence intervals in Tables D.1 and D.2. For this purpose, let (
) denote the 95 percent Bayesian confidence interval for a given State-s:
, D
where 
.
The quantity 
can be obtained by using the 95 percent confidence intervals in Tables D.1 and D.2. For this purpose, let (
) denote the 95 percent confidence intervals for a given State-s. Using the first-order Taylor series approximation, the variance can be calculated as follows:
. D
The p value (given in Table D.1) for testing the null hypothesis of no difference () is given by 
where is a standard normal random variate, 
, and denotes the absolute value of .
As can be seen in Table D.1, for past month alcohol use, the NSDUH and the BRFSS estimates for about half of the States are similar (i.e., at the 5 percent level of significance, 25 of 51 States are different). These estimates are also highly correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.93). Figures D.1 and D.2 were created by using the BRFSS State estimates and the NSDUH State estimates and categorizing the States into five quintiles similar to the process described in Section 1.2 of Chapter 1. Note that in Tables D.1 and D.2, the BRFSS estimates and corresponding confidence intervals are rounded to one decimal place, whereas the NSDUH small area estimates and Bayesian confidence intervals are rounded to two decimal places. Therefore, all of the tables and maps included in this appendix use that approximation.
As can be seen in Figures D.1 and D.2, 7 out of 10 States with the highest rates of alcohol use (States shown in red) were the same in the two surveys: Connecticut, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin. The lowest rate of past month alcohol use was in Utah for the both the BRFSS survey and NSDUH (see Table D.1 and Figures D.1 and D.2).
As can be seen in Table D.2, the NSDUH estimates of past month cigarette use are always larger than the BRFSS estimates of current cigarette use. Some of this difference is the result of the differences in definitions as discussed earlier in this appendix; thus, exact tests to examine significant differences between the NSDUH and BRFSS cigarette use estimates are not included. Although the NSDUH estimates are consistently larger for all 50 States and the District of Columbia, these 2 sets of estimates are highly correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.90).
Figures D.3 and D.4 were created using the same method used to produce Figures D.1 and D.2. As can be seen in Figures D.3 and D.4, 6 out of 10 States with the highest rates of cigarette use (States shown in red) were the same in the 2 surveys: Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. The lowest rate of cigarette use for both surveys occurred in Utah (see Table D.2).
The BRFSS estimates are design based; however, the NSDUH estimates are model based. Also, the NSDUH estimates are based on the pooled 2009 and 2010 NSDUHs (2 years of data), whereas the BRFSS estimates are based on the 2010 BRFSS survey (1 year of data). Although the BRFSS estimates are only based on 1 year of data, the BRFSS sample sizes for a given State are in general much larger than the sample sizes for NSDUH over 2 years. The 8 "large" States18 (California, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) have a sample size of approximately 7,200 respondents each for the 2009-2010 combined NSDUH data. In 2009-2010, sample sizes in these States ranged from 5,900 to 7,375 (see Table A.9 in Appendix A). For the 2010 BRFSS, 1 State (Illinois) had a slightly smaller sample size as compared with the NSDUH data, but the other 7 States had larger sample sizes. Overall, the BRFSS sample sizes for the 8 "large" States varied from a low of 5,202 respondents in Illinois to a high of 35,109 respondents in Florida, with a median sample size of 10,547.19 For the remaining 43 small sample States, the NSDUH sample size for the combined 2009-2010 data was approximately 1,800 respondents for each State. The BRFSS sample sizes for the small sample States were much larger, varying from a low of 1,964 respondents in Alaska to a high of 19,628 respondents in Washington, with a median sample size of 6,798. Sample size differences of this magnitude explain why the NSDUH Bayesian confidence intervals are generally wider than the corresponding BRFSS design-based confidence intervals.
| State | 2010 BRFSS (Estimate) |
2010 BRFSS (95% Confidence Interval) |
2009-2010 NSDUH (Estimate) |
2009-2010 NSDUH (95% Confidence Interval) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: NSDUH estimates along with 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. BRFSS estimates are based on a survey-weighted direct estimation approach. NOTE: p value: Probability of no difference between the BRFSS and NSDUH estimates. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009-2010 (Revised March 2012); CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2010. |
|||||
| Alabama | 37.5 | (35.8 - 39.2) | 46.41 | (42.90 - 49.95) | 0.000 |
| Alaska | 58.4 | (54.9 - 62.0) | 57.44 | (53.54 - 61.24) | 0.719 |
| Arizona | 51.7 | (49.2 - 54.1) | 51.97 | (47.93 - 55.99) | 0.909 |
| Arkansas | 38.4 | (36.0 - 40.9) | 44.16 | (40.54 - 47.85) | 0.010 |
| California | 53.3 | (52.2 - 54.4) | 54.50 | (52.38 - 56.61) | 0.324 |
| Colorado | 58.4 | (56.9 - 59.8) | 67.27 | (63.58 - 70.77) | 0.000 |
| Connecticut | 66.1 | (64.3 - 67.8) | 63.79 | (59.93 - 67.48) | 0.272 |
| Delaware | 59.3 | (57.1 - 61.4) | 60.72 | (56.81 - 64.49) | 0.530 |
| District of Columbia | 62.7 | (60.7 - 64.8) | 65.03 | (61.47 - 68.44) | 0.262 |
| Florida | 55.3 | (54.0 - 56.5) | 54.13 | (52.00 - 56.25) | 0.354 |
| Georgia | 47.7 | (45.8 - 49.6) | 51.97 | (48.18 - 55.75) | 0.048 |
| Hawaii | 49.0 | (47.1 - 50.8) | 51.20 | (47.41 - 54.97) | 0.307 |
| Idaho | 44.4 | (42.7 - 46.2) | 51.55 | (47.89 - 55.19) | 0.001 |
| Illinois | 59.1 | (57.1 - 61.1) | 58.67 | (56.67 - 60.65) | 0.768 |
| Indiana | 47.2 | (45.7 - 48.7) | 53.48 | (49.85 - 57.07) | 0.002 |
| Iowa | 55.4 | (53.6 - 57.2) | 60.29 | (56.59 - 63.87) | 0.020 |
| Kansas | 52.4 | (50.9 - 53.9) | 59.93 | (56.29 - 63.46) | 0.000 |
| Kentucky | 40.9 | (38.9 - 42.9) | 41.74 | (38.27 - 45.29) | 0.685 |
| Louisiana | 48.9 | (47.2 - 50.6) | 50.38 | (46.69 - 54.06) | 0.476 |
| Maine | 57.2 | (55.7 - 58.6) | 60.18 | (56.59 - 63.66) | 0.130 |
| Maryland | 54.6 | (53.0 - 56.2) | 56.03 | (52.00 - 59.98) | 0.516 |
| Massachusetts | 65.6 | (64.4 - 66.8) | 68.30 | (64.97 - 71.45) | 0.133 |
| Michigan | 55.7 | (54.1 - 57.2) | 59.27 | (57.19 - 61.32) | 0.007 |
| Minnesota | 59.6 | (57.6 - 61.6) | 63.62 | (59.92 - 67.15) | 0.060 |
| Mississippi | 36.1 | (34.3 - 37.8) | 44.40 | (40.88 - 47.97) | 0.000 |
| Missouri | 47.7 | (45.4 - 50.0) | 54.51 | (50.83 - 58.14) | 0.002 |
| Montana | 57.0 | (55.0 - 59.0) | 61.89 | (58.17 - 65.48) | 0.023 |
| Nebraska | 59.0 | (57.3 - 60.7) | 55.97 | (52.21 - 59.67) | 0.146 |
| Nevada | 56.7 | (53.9 - 59.4) | 58.98 | (54.96 - 62.87) | 0.356 |
| New Hampshire | 64.3 | (62.7 - 66.0) | 68.42 | (64.85 - 71.78) | 0.040 |
| New Jersey | 56.2 | (54.9 - 57.6) | 59.98 | (56.30 - 63.55) | 0.058 |
| New Mexico | 48.5 | (46.7 - 50.4) | 49.16 | (45.32 - 53.01) | 0.761 |
| New York | 58.2 | (56.9 - 59.6) | 59.53 | (57.37 - 61.65) | 0.306 |
| North Carolina | 44.1 | (42.6 - 45.5) | 52.82 | (49.15 - 56.46) | 0.000 |
| North Dakota | 58.5 | (56.4 - 60.6) | 64.08 | (60.49 - 67.52) | 0.009 |
| Ohio | 53.2 | (51.7 - 54.7) | 56.90 | (54.78 - 58.99) | 0.005 |
| Oklahoma | 40.0 | (38.5 - 41.6) | 50.69 | (46.73 - 54.64) | 0.000 |
| Oregon | 58.2 | (56.1 - 60.3) | 65.33 | (61.76 - 68.72) | 0.001 |
| Pennsylvania | 54.2 | (52.9 - 55.6) | 59.18 | (56.86 - 61.46) | 0.000 |
| Rhode Island | 62.7 | (60.8 - 64.5) | 65.47 | (61.44 - 69.29) | 0.217 |
| South Carolina | 42.6 | (40.6 - 44.5) | 49.51 | (45.81 - 53.23) | 0.001 |
| South Dakota | 58.2 | (56.3 - 60.0) | 62.30 | (58.55 - 65.90) | 0.054 |
| Tennessee | 28.2 | (26.1 - 30.3) | 43.39 | (39.60 - 47.26) | 0.000 |
| Texas | 49.9 | (48.4 - 51.5) | 53.48 | (51.36 - 55.58) | 0.008 |
| Utah | 25.0 | (23.8 - 26.2) | 28.93 | (25.78 - 32.31) | 0.022 |
| Vermont | 63.9 | (62.3 - 65.5) | 65.78 | (62.20 - 69.18) | 0.343 |
| Virginia | 54.1 | (51.3 - 56.8) | 55.94 | (52.25 - 59.58) | 0.431 |
| Washington | 59.3 | (58.3 - 60.4) | 61.33 | (57.66 - 64.88) | 0.294 |
| West Virginia | 27.6 | (25.7 - 29.5) | 42.64 | (38.95 - 46.42) | 0.000 |
| Wisconsin | 66.0 | (63.8 - 68.1) | 69.00 | (65.58 - 72.23) | 0.142 |
| Wyoming | 51.0 | (49.1 - 52.9) | 56.62 | (52.84 - 60.33) | 0.009 |
| State | 2010 BRFSS1 (Estimate) |
2010 BRFSS1 (95% Confidence Interval) |
2009-2010 NSDUH2 (Estimate) |
2009-2010 NSDUH2 (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOTE: NSDUH estimates along with 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. BRFSS estimates are based on a survey-weighted direct estimation approach. 1 BRFSS respondents were classified as current smokers if they reported having smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime and indicated that they smoked every day or some days at the time of the survey. 2 NSDUH respondents were classified as past month cigarette users if they smoked all or part of a cigarette during the past 30 days. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009-2010 (Revised March 2012); CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2010. |
||||
| Alabama | 21.9 | (20.4 - 23.4) | 29.00 | (26.33 - 31.83) |
| Alaska | 20.4 | (17.3 - 23.4) | 28.34 | (25.32 - 31.56) |
| Arizona | 15.0 | (13.3 - 16.8) | 23.78 | (21.10 - 26.68) |
| Arkansas | 22.9 | (20.6 - 25.2) | 30.10 | (27.27 - 33.09) |
| California | 12.1 | (11.4 - 12.8) | 19.88 | (18.42 - 21.43) |
| Colorado | 16.0 | (14.9 - 17.1) | 22.41 | (19.95 - 25.09) |
| Connecticut | 13.2 | (11.8 - 14.6) | 22.64 | (20.01 - 25.50) |
| Delaware | 17.3 | (15.5 - 19.1) | 25.08 | (22.40 - 27.98) |
| District of Columbia | 15.6 | (14.1 - 17.2) | 24.63 | (21.86 - 27.62) |
| Florida | 17.1 | (16.1 - 18.1) | 23.70 | (22.17 - 25.30) |
| Georgia | 17.6 | (16.0 - 19.2) | 23.96 | (21.25 - 26.89) |
| Hawaii | 14.5 | (13.2 - 15.8) | 20.94 | (18.44 - 23.67) |
| Idaho | 15.7 | (14.3 - 17.0) | 25.44 | (22.88 - 28.18) |
| Illinois | 16.9 | (15.3 - 18.5) | 26.11 | (24.62 - 27.66) |
| Indiana | 21.2 | (19.9 - 22.5) | 27.67 | (25.05 - 30.45) |
| Iowa | 16.1 | (14.8 - 17.5) | 26.96 | (24.25 - 29.85) |
| Kansas | 17.0 | (15.8 - 18.2) | 25.40 | (22.92 - 28.06) |
| Kentucky | 24.8 | (23.1 - 26.5) | 31.88 | (28.95 - 34.96) |
| Louisiana | 22.1 | (20.6 - 23.6) | 27.83 | (25.01 - 30.84) |
| Maine | 18.2 | (17.0 - 19.5) | 26.16 | (23.49 - 29.01) |
| Maryland | 15.2 | (14.0 - 16.5) | 21.02 | (18.40 - 23.91) |
| Massachusetts | 14.1 | (13.2 - 15.0) | 21.87 | (19.57 - 24.37) |
| Michigan | 18.9 | (17.7 - 20.2) | 27.71 | (26.17 - 29.32) |
| Minnesota | 14.9 | (13.5 - 16.3) | 24.69 | (22.23 - 27.34) |
| Mississippi | 22.9 | (21.4 - 24.5) | 29.49 | (26.73 - 32.42) |
| Missouri | 21.1 | (19.2 - 22.9) | 29.11 | (26.36 - 32.03) |
| Montana | 18.8 | (17.1 - 20.5) | 26.21 | (23.64 - 28.95) |
| Nebraska | 17.2 | (15.8 - 18.7) | 25.68 | (23.10 - 28.44) |
| Nevada | 21.3 | (19.1 - 23.6) | 25.48 | (22.60 - 28.60) |
| New Hampshire | 16.9 | (15.5 - 18.2) | 25.60 | (22.98 - 28.41) |
| New Jersey | 14.4 | (13.4 - 15.4) | 22.63 | (20.05 - 25.43) |
| New Mexico | 18.5 | (16.8 - 20.1) | 23.92 | (21.37 - 26.68) |
| New York | 15.5 | (14.4 - 16.5) | 22.53 | (21.06 - 24.08) |
| North Carolina | 19.8 | (18.5 - 21.1) | 27.89 | (25.10 - 30.87) |
| North Dakota | 17.4 | (15.7 - 19.1) | 23.94 | (21.47 - 26.60) |
| Ohio | 22.5 | (21.2 - 23.9) | 27.35 | (25.76 - 29.00) |
| Oklahoma | 23.7 | (22.3 - 25.0) | 30.95 | (27.93 - 34.14) |
| Oregon | 15.1 | (13.5 - 16.7) | 25.35 | (22.79 - 28.10) |
| Pennsylvania | 18.4 | (17.4 - 19.5) | 26.53 | (24.89 - 28.23) |
| Rhode Island | 15.7 | (14.3 - 17.1) | 24.66 | (22.05 - 27.48) |
| South Carolina | 21.0 | (19.1 - 22.8) | 28.31 | (25.44 - 31.37) |
| South Dakota | 15.4 | (14.0 - 16.8) | 26.71 | (23.93 - 29.68) |
| Tennessee | 20.1 | (18.3 - 21.8) | 29.73 | (26.79 - 32.84) |
| Texas | 15.8 | (14.6 - 17.0) | 23.72 | (22.19 - 25.32) |
| Utah | 9.1 | (8.2 - 10.0) | 17.17 | (14.85 - 19.78) |
| Vermont | 15.4 | (14.1 - 16.6) | 23.57 | (21.05 - 26.28) |
| Virginia | 18.5 | (16.0 - 21.0) | 24.21 | (21.76 - 26.85) |
| Washington | 15.2 | (14.4 - 16.0) | 24.17 | (21.74 - 26.76) |
| West Virginia | 26.8 | (25.0 - 28.6) | 33.86 | (30.71 - 37.15) |
| Wisconsin | 19.1 | (17.0 - 21.1) | 24.96 | (22.46 - 27.65) |
| Wyoming | 19.5 | (18.0 - 21.1) | 26.98 | (24.29 - 29.84) |
Below is a map. Click here for the text describing this map.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey, 2010.
Below is a map. Click here for the text describing this map.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
Below is a map. Click here for the text describing this map.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey, 2010.
Below is a map. Click here for the text describing this map.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, NSDUH, 2009 and 2010 (Revised March 2012).
This National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) report was prepared by the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and by RTI International (a trade name of Research Triangle Institute), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Work by RTI was performed under Contract No. HHSS283200800004C.
At SAMHSA, Arthur Hughes and Pradip Muhuri were responsible for the content, analysis, and writing of the report, and Joseph C. Gfroerer reviewed and provided substantive revisions. At RTI, Neeraja S. Sathe and Kathryn Spagnola were responsible for the writing of the report, and Ralph E. Folsom and Akhil K. Vaish were responsible for the overall methodology and estimation for the model-based Bayes estimates and confidence intervals.
The following staff were responsible for generating the estimates and providing other support and analysis: Akhil K. Vaish, Neeraja S. Sathe, Kathryn Spagnola, and Brenda K. Porter. Ms. Spagnola provided oversight for production of the report. Mary Ellen Marsden reviewed the report; Richard S. Straw edited it; Debbie Bond, Valerie Garner, and Roxanne Snaauw formatted its text and tables; and Teresa F. Bass, Kimberly Cone, Danny Occoquan, Pamela Tuck, and Cheryl Velez prepared its print and Web versions. Justine L. Allpress, E. Andrew Jessup, and Shari B. Lambert prepared and processed the maps.
1 For the purposes of this report, the word "States" includes the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
2 During regular data collection and processing checks for the 2011 NSDUH, data errors were identified. These errors affected the data for Pennsylvania (2006-2010) and Maryland (2008-2009). Cases with erroneous data were removed from the data files, and the remaining cases were reweighted to provide representative estimates. Thus, the 2008-2009 small area estimates presented in this report may not match the 2008-2009 small area estimates in prior reports. For details, see Section 1.5 in Chapter 1.
3 RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
4 For an overview of the impact of these changes, see Section C.2 of Appendix C in OAS (2005).
5 Combining data across 2 years permits the estimation of change at the State level by expressing it as the difference of two consecutive 2-year SAE moving averages. Comparisons between the combined 2008-2009 data and the combined 2009-2010 data are presented in this report. This method is similar to the one used in the 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2007-2008, and 2008-2009 State reports (Hughes et al., 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011; Wright et al., 2007).
6 A successfully screened household is one in which all screening questionnaire items were answered by an adult resident of the household and either zero, one, or two household members were selected for the NSDUH interview.
7 The usable case rule requires that a respondent answer "yes" or "no" to the question on lifetime use of cigarettes and "yes" or "no" to at least nine additional lifetime use questions.
8 For details on how the average annual rate of first use of marijuana (incidence of marijuana) is calculated, see Section A.8 in Appendix A.
9 Average annual marijuana initiation rate = 100 × {[X1 ÷ (0.5 × X1 + X2)] ÷ 2}, where X1 is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X2 is the number of persons who never used marijuana. Note that because the average annual incidence of marijuana was so low for the 26 or older age group and had such an abbreviated range, no map has been included for it; however, Table B.5 in Appendix B includes these estimates. For details on how the average annual incidence of marijuana use was calculated, see Section A.8 in Appendix A.
10 The census region-level estimates in the tables are population-weighted aggregates of the State estimates. The national estimates, however, are benchmarked to exactly match the design-based estimates.
11 Note that in NSDUH State reports prior to 2009, the term "prediction interval" (PI) was used to represent uncertainty in the State and regional estimates. However, that term also is used in other applications to estimate future values of a parameter of interest. That interpretation does not apply to NSDUH State report estimates; thus, "prediction interval" was dropped and replaced with "Bayesian confidence interval."
12 The use of mixed models (fixed and random effects) allows additional error components (random effects) to be included. These account for differences between States and within-State variations that are not taken into account by the predictor variables (fixed effects) alone. These models produce estimates that are approximately represented by a weighted combination of the direct estimate from the State data and a regression estimate from the national model, where the weights are obtained by minimizing the mean squared error of the small area estimate. It is also difficult if not impossible to produce valid mean squared errors for small area estimates based solely on a fixed-effect national regression model.
13 To increase the precision of estimated random effects at the within-State level, three SSRs were grouped together. Each of the 8 large sample States consists of 16 grouped SSRs, and the rest of the States and the District of Columbia each has 4 grouped SSRs.
14 The four age groups are 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 to 34, and 35 or older; the four race/ethnicity groups are non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic other, and Hispanic; and the two genders are male and female.
15 Substances include alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives.
16 Major depressive episode also was included in the 2012 model and is discussed in more detail in Section B.4.4 of Appendix B in the 2012 NSDUH mental health findings report (CBHSQ, in press).
17 In the question about serious thoughts of suicide, [DATEFILL] refers to the date at the start of a respondent's 12-month reference period. The interview program sets the start of the 12-month reference period as the same month and day as the interview date but in the previous calendar year.
18 The eight most populous States are referenced as the "large" States in this report.
19 For more information, see http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/technical_infodata/surveydata/2010.htm.
